Recovery Principles Research Articles

Simulation Study on Energy Recovery and Regeneration of Hybrid Loader Arm

In response to the problem of large energy waste in the loader actuator, a hybrid loader boom arm energy recovery and regeneration system is proposed, which adopts a supercapacitor as the energy storage element. Firstly, the working principle of the hybrid loader boom arm energy recovery and regeneration system is analyzed. Secondly, the mathematical model of the components is analyzed. Finally, AMESim is used to model the system. The simulation is carried out under typical working conditions with the LiuGong ZL50C loader as the simulation object and compared with the conventional system. The simulation results show that the hybrid power system does not affect the motion characteristics of the loader boom arm system compared with the conventional system. The hybrid power system can perform energy recovery regardless of the mode of operation, and the energy recovery efficiency reaches 55.7 %. When the system enters the hybrid mode, the supercapacitor SOC fluctuates less, and the energy regeneration efficiency reaches 90 %. The hybrid power system can effectively reduce engine fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, with the system's energy-saving efficiency of 44.4 % and CO, HC, and NOx emissions reduced by 41.1 %, 47 %, and 19.8 %, respectively. The system provides a reference for the research of energy-saving technology of the loaders, effectively reducing the operating cost of the loaders.

Research on Magnetic Coupling Flywheel Energy Storage Device for Vehicles

With the increasing pressure on energy and the environment, vehicle brake energy recovery technology is increasingly focused on reducing energy consumption effectively. Based on the magnetization effect of permanent magnets, this paper presents a novel type of magnetic coupling flywheel energy storage device by combining flywheel energy storage with magnetic coupling technology. As a high-efficiency energy storage device, it has the advantages of low energy consumption, low vibration, low noise and easy maintenance. In this paper, firstly, the structural characteristics and working process of vehicle brake energy recovery systems are analyzed, and experiments regarding the transmission and efficiency performance are carried out for key components; then a reasonable control strategy is formulated according to the principle of energy recovery; finally, the speed, acceleration, recovery energy and other parameters are analyzed based on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) working conditions. The results show that the energy recovery efficiency reaches 35.59%, which verifies the usability of the device.

The principles of recovery-oriented mental health services: A review of the guidelines from five different countries for developing a protocol to be implemented in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Recovery-oriented mental health service has become the focus of global change in mental health services. Most of North industrialized countries have adopted and implemented this paradigm in the last two decades. Only recently that some developing countries are trying to follow this step. In Indonesia's case, there has been little attention to developing a recovery orientation by mental health authorities. The aim of this article is to synthesize and analyze the recovery-oriented guidelines from five industrialized countries that we can use as a primary model for developing a protocol to be implemented in community health centre in Kulonprogo District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We used a narrative literature review by searching for guidelines from many different sources. We found 57 guidelines, but only 13 from five countries met the criteria, including five guidelines from Australia, one from Ireland, three from Canada, two from the UK, and two from the US. To analyze the data, we used an inductive thematic analysis to explore the themes of each principle as described by the guideline. The results of the thematic analysis revealed seven recovery principles, including (1) cultivating positive hope, (2) establishing partnerships and collaboration, (3) ensuring organizational commitment and evaluation, (4) recognizing the consumer's rights, (5) focusing on person-centeredness and empowerment, (6) recognizing an individual's uniqueness and social context, and (7) facilitating social support,. These seven principles are not independent, rather they are interrelated and overlap each other. The principle of person-centeredness and empowerment is central to the recovery-oriented mental health system, while the principle of hope is also essential to embracing all the other principles. We will adjust and implement the result of the review in our project focusing on developing recovery-oriented mental health service in the community health center in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We hope that this framework will be adopted by the central government in Indonesia and other developing countries.

A comparative study of the reimbursement of extrajudicial attorneys’ fees

»Reimbursement of Extrajudicial Attorneys’ Fees in Spanish Law. A Systematization of Procedural and Substantive Claims« (PhD-thesis published in German language, Duncker & Humblot, 2021, Schriften zum Internationalen Recht (SIR), Volume 229.)
 David Cuenca Pinkert examines the recoverability of extrajudicial attorneys’ fees in cross-border civil law cases under Spanish law and thereby demonstrates structural parallels to other European legal systems and universal principles of cost recovery. This approach systematizes procedural and substanti ve claims, which the author sees as a key to a better understanding of reimbursability.

Antiracism and mental health recovery: Bridging the gap to improve health disparities among veteran populations.

Viewing the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's recovery principles through an antiracist lens has guided the authors' vision of recovery-oriented systems for all. In this brief letter, they present some considerations arising from their application of recovery principles to areas affected by racial bias. They are also identifying best practices for incorporating micro and macro antiracism efforts into recovery-oriented health care. These are important steps in promoting recovery-oriented care, but there is much more to do. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Comments on the position UEMS paper “Maintaining Human Rights and recovery principles when Coercive Practices are considered”

AbstractProf. dr. sc. Slađana Štrkalj Ivezić, psychiatrist, University psychiatric hospital Vrapče, CroatiaThe aim is to present the importance of educating psychiatrists to acquire competencies relate to knowledge, attitudes and behavior in holistic understanding of patients, implementation of principles of recovery and respect for human rights and use of alternative interventions to coercion in order to eliminate or reduce coercive practice such as involuntary hospitalizations and coercive measures. All the necessary competences such as clinical assessment, skills to form therapeutical relationship and application of evidence base interventions that can prevent or significantly reduce the use of coercive measures: de-escalation; availability of a comfort room with sensory modulation; a trained response team; joint crisis intervention, advance directives and successful multimodal strategies will be presented including the elimination of potential environmental triggers of aggression in the hospital setting. The training and education of psychiatrists on human rights, recovery and alternatives to coercive practice can abolish or significantly reduce coercion.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

An exploration of the concept of mental health recovery: Insights from practitioners and trainees.

Recovery concepts were conceived by, and for, people living with mental health issues. Practitioners are key in translating recovery principles into action. Therefore, practitioners' perceptions should be routinely assessed to facilitate in-service training, professional development, and curriculum redesign. To explore practitioners' and trainees' current perspectives regarding the concept of recovery. The study used a qualitative exploratory design with in-depth interviews to explore ten fully trained practitioners and eight trainees' perspectives on recovery. The findings revealed a shared understanding of recovery among practitioners and trainees. Many responses explained recovery as a process involving internal and external conditions, however, some revealed medically oriented perspectives and/or were unclear about recovery terminologies. There is convergence and growing acceptance of the recovery practice principles among practitioners and trainees. However, the results suggest that the recovery principles/terminologies have not yet been universally adopted. Continuous training on recovery principles is needed, incorporating emerging terminologies and principles. Also, education providers are encouraged to continue to review their training to incorporate emerging issues and trends in recovery-oriented practice. Finally, research is needed to enhance the development and delivery of recovery-focused practice.

How to teach ERAS protocols: surgical residents' perspectives and perioperative practices for breast surgery patients.

Breast enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols emphasize multimodal analgesia to expedite home recovery, but variable implementation remains. This study examines how residents learn and use ERAS protocols, how they conceptualize pain management, and what influences breast surgery patients' same-day discharges. Interviews were conducted with surgical residents following their breast surgery rotation using an interview guide adapted from existing pain management literature. Interviews were transcribed, de-identified, and independently inductively coded by two researchers. A codebook was developed and refined using the constant comparative method. Codes were grouped into categories and explored for thematic analysis. Twelve interviews were completed with plastic and general surgery residents. Ultimately, 365 primary codes were organized into 26 parent codes, with a Cohen's kappa of 0.93. A total of six themes were identified. Three themes described how participants learn through a mixture of templated care, formal education, and informal experiential learning. Two themes delineated how residents would teach breast surgery ERAS: by emphasizing buy-in and connecting the impetus behind ERAS with daily workflow implementation. One theme illustrated how a patient-centered culture impacts postoperative management and same-day discharges. Residents describe learning breast surgery ERAS and postoperative pain management by imitating their seniors, observing patient encounters, completing templated orders, and translating concepts from other ERAS services more so than from formal lectures. When implementing breast ERAS protocols, it is important to consider how informal learning and local culture influence pain management and discharge practices. Ultimately, residents believe in ERAS and often request further educational tools to better connect the daily how-to of breast ERAS pathways with the why behind the enhanced recovery principles.

Accelerated Monte Carlo perturbation calculation by surface recovery

This paper address the problem of calculating the sensitivity of power distribution measurements to detector and fuel assemblies small displacements using a Monte Carlo code. A two-scale approach using the principle of surface recovery is proposed. The first step is performed on the whole geometry where all of the characteristics of the particles crossing surface defined by the user are stored in source files. In a second step, previously recorded particles are reinjected independently to estimate each detector response on simplified geometry. Reusing the previously stored particles on smaller geometries, significantly accelerates the simulation and reliable estimations of the displacement influence can be made. These methodologies are not limited to detector and fuel assemblies movements. They can also be used when performing a parametric study concerning the geometry or the constituents of the core under study.

Are principles of recovery-oriented practice evident in staff and service user perspectives on seclusion?

Purpose This paper aims to explore the extent to which principles of recovery-oriented practice are evident in the published perspectives and experiences of health professionals and service users on seclusion in adult mental health services. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review informed by PRISMA guidelines was conducted, drawing from four databases, which were searched in August 2018 and August 2022. Only original empirical studies rated as having “major” relevance were included. Data were extracted from 31 studies and qualitatively synthesised through deductive analysis using recovery principles as themes. Findings There was limited evidence of perceptions of seclusion being being consistent with recovery principles, with greater evidence of perceptions that directly opposed them. Studies of service user perspectives highlighted this more often than staff perspectives. The findings highlight paradoxical relationships between care and control and conflicting rights and emphasise the need to openly acknowledge the complexity of seclusion and its interface with recovery. Research limitations/implications This review was developed in line with international best practice and the protocol was registered. Using a search string with only three components maximised sensitivity during searches and minimised the risk of relevant literature being missed. Limitations include the focus on studies where the full text was published in English. Originality/value This review makes a unique contribution, highlighting that, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no studies to date have explicitly explored the perspectives and experiences of staff and service users on the use of seclusion in the context of recovery-oriented practice. The findings are relevant to clinical practice, policy and future research, including amending procedures and practices to partially reconcile seclusion and recovery where the seclusion is deemed necessary.

RECOVERY OF THE ECONOMY: FINANCING AND COMPLIANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPARENCY IN THE CONDITIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL OPPOSITION

Introduction. The war became part of the existence of modern Ukraine and caused radical changes in society, reformatting of economic processes both on a national and global scale. This updated the scientific discourse on the achievement of political, social and economic stability in the post-war period and the vectors of economic recovery, taking into account various scenarios of guaranteeing the country's security. Social solidarity and self-awareness of democratic countries enable Ukraine, as a candidate country for joining the European Union, not only to conduct military operations, but also to develop sectoral development strategies. Since there is no other model of economic recovery and development for the Ukrainian state, except for the implementation of EU rules (requirements) and 19 structural beacons within the framework of the cooperation program with the IMF, therefore the choice of financing options for economic recovery must comply with the principles of recovery, in particular transparency, accountability and the rule of law, which will contribute to expanding the circle of potential investors and improving the investment climate in conditions of geopolitical confrontation. The purpose of the article is to deepen the theoretical and applied foundations of the recovery of economies after wars and military conflicts, as well as to substantiate the expediency of applying the principles of transparency to achieve coordinated actions of participants in the recovery of the Ukrainian economy, taking into account the effects of geopolitical confrontation. Results. The need to restore the industrial infrastructure to stimulate not only domestic economic and business activity, but also the introduction of a greater number of industrial products to the market of the European Union is substantiated. The priority of the development of economic recovery projects, which should become important structural elements in the formation of the project market, is analyzed. In order to adequately assess the attractiveness and compliance of projects with the interests of the economy and business, a model for evaluating financing objects is proposed. Prospects for the purchase of affordable housing by citizens, taking into account the financial situation of citizens, assessment of the cost of housing and its availability on the residential real estate market, determination of basic trends of individual characteristics of state programs and approaches to their adaptation for temporarily displaced persons are considered. Conclusions. Ukraine, as a candidate country for joining the European Union, is guided in its development by the principles and norms of the EU, which are developed for developed economies. We have determined the vectors of economic recovery, which are based on four approaches: compliance with the principles of economic recovery; development of the economic complex for the medium and long-term period with balancing of inter-branch connections and resources; expansion of the list of financial instruments to stimulate the attraction of international donors, foreign and private investments; establishment of a list of main criteria for project selection. New historical realities for the future growth of the national economy require further scientific research on access to financing with a competitive cost of capital, the preparation of projects for the infrastructure and production components of recovery and reconstruction programs, the development of scientific methods of the algorithm for the distribution of general funding between sectors and strategic programs with the provision of priorities for transformation and modernization defense industry.

ЕКОНОМІЧНА РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЯ: ВПЛИВ ДРУГОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ НА ПІСЛЯВОЄННЕ ЕКОНОМІЧНЕ ЗРОСТАННЯ

In order to achieve post-war recovery of the country, integrate the economy into the European space and global value chains, Ukraine needs to implement a large-scale recovery program. With the current development of information technologies (big data, cloud technologies, high-speed internet coverage, modern satellite systems, etc.), the world has not seen recovery projects on the scale of Ukraine's future recovery. Therefore, Ukraine needs to create its own recovery model using the best principles of recovery from natural disasters and military conflicts, as well as modern digital tools. To achieve this goal, this study examined the international experience of post-World War II recovery. The main focus of the analysis was on approaches and tools that produced the maximum result. The study also showed the necessity for Ukraine to form a new paradigm of economic thinking and development. Its content lies in the transition to thinking in terms of reconstructive type of economic development. It is shown that reconstructive development is possible both on the basis of economic growth and under certain conditions with zero or even negative rates of economic growth. In analyzing the issues outlined in the title of the article, it is relevant to refer to the experience of developed countries around the world. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyze the main factors that helped countries recover and develop after wars and military conflicts, in order to take them into account when creating a new concept for the reconstruction of Ukraine's economy. Looking at the examples of state intervention in post-war economic growth processes that have been analyzed, there are somewhat common features in foreign experience that indicate the importance of targeted international assistance for the recovery of production capacity and stable economic growth. The Golden Age of capitalism was characterized by an unprecedented growth in international trade combined with impressive rates of global economic growth, and modern thinking and development practices are largely a result of it. Long-term economic planning was recognized as important, and industrialization was promoted as a means of promoting economic development in less developed countries.

Energy recovery device for mining and lifting machines

The article discusses methods of increasing the efficiency of lifting and mining machines. The methods of implementing the principles of braking energy recovery are considered. The advantages and features of the operation of flywheel batteries are substantiated. Examples of devices and well-known patents in this field are given. The application of the author's patent is proposed, which allows to increase the efficiency of lifting machines and reduce their energy consumption. The description of the patent and the justification of its effectiveness are given. Conclusions about the possibility of introducing a patented device into the equipment of lifting and mining machines are drawn.

The Concept of Recovery – a Contribution to the Development of Community Mental Health Services

Mental health, along with physical and social well-being, constitutes the general health of an individual, and it is considered that there is no health without mental health. According to the dual model of mental health, the mental state of an individual does not depend solely on the presence of a diagnosis of mental illness, but also on the subjective feeling of well-being. This means that a person with a mental disorder or illness can have good mental health and vice versa. New approaches in the protection of mental health and the treatment of people with mental illnesses are based on the principles of empowerment, recovery, social inclusion, human rights, multidisciplinarity and multisectoral cooperation. The aim of this paper is to present the concept of recovery of people with mental health problems, starting from a holistic understanding of mental health. Recovery is understood as a process that involves an individual who has hope and is aimed at overcoming psychological suffering, but also experts who shape and conduct their professional procedures with the aim of creating conditions for increasing the well-being and productivity of the individual. Also, the approach to recovery is incorporated into the development and organization of modern Community mental health care services. Under this aspect, the paper will present the development of psychiatric care and Community mental health services on the example of Centers for mental health in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Despite the knowledge and clear documents that focus on mental health care and support services for everyone in the community, there are significant challenges in implementing that type of mental health care system.

COST ANALYSIS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SERVICES BELANTI II IRRIGATION AREA CENTRAL KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

The Belanti II Swamp Irrigation Area in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan, spans 3,275 Ha. Water management activities, necessitated for sustained irrigation, incur the Water Resources Management Service Fee (BJPSDA), calculated on cost recovery principles. This study aims to (1) Determine the BJPSDA value by considering the economic benefit factor, (2) Assess farmers' Ability To Pay (ATP) and Willingness To Pay (WTP) for BJPSDA, and (3) Evaluate the Belanti II swamp irrigation network and optimization efforts. The BJPSDA in Belanti II is Rp5,625,504,000, with agricultural benefits contributing Rp51,468,721,052.40 (51.86% of NME). The cost is Rp570,151.69/Ha or Rp101/m3. Farmer ATP and WTP for BJPSDA are Rp54/m3. The irrigation system lacks proper water flow regulation structures, but optimization efforts include channel normalization and water control structures. To enhance leaching ability, 500 m3/ha/day of fresh water is needed. Structures like weirs and flap gates regulate water supply during high and low tides, respectively. These initiatives aim to ensure consistent irrigation and sustainable water resource management in Belanti II.

Bottlenecks and opportunities in immunotherapy for glioma: a narrative review

Glioma is the most aggressive brain tumor having invasive ability and a highly heterogeneous phenotype. Many patients with glioma respond poorly to traditional surgery or temozolomide-based chemotherapy. Over the past few decades, developments in immunotherapeutic strategies have provided newer insights into the treatment of gliomas. Immunotherapy is based on the principle of normalization or recovery of T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunoreaction. Different innovative strategies have been used; these include enhancement of immunogenicity by administration of tumor antigens or dendritic cell vaccines, replenishment of cytotoxic T cells by adoptive T cell transfer, repair of exhausted T cells by immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the use of other immune activators such as oncolytic viruses. However, many immunotherapy-based clinical trials did not meet the expected therapeutic endpoints in patients with glioma. Gliomas use unique strategies to generate an immune-suppressive microenvironment; these include limiting immunogenicity and repressing T cell infiltration or activation. This may be addressed by the incorporation of immunotherapy with standard therapy or by use of certain innovative approaches such as tumor-treating fields. In this review, we summarize the updated immunotherapies in glioma and discuss current limitations and future prospects.

WITHDRAWN: DESIGN OF ADIABATIC CIRCUITS WITH REVERSIBLE LOGIC BASED FULL ADDER AND MULTIPLIER IN CURRENT-MODE LOGIC CIRCUITS FOR EFFICIENT POWER DISSIPATION

The widely used reversible full adder circuits are actualized in preceding research that optimizes design as well as speed of circuits.Theselogic gates that are reversible such as Peres, TSG, Toffoli, Feynman, and Fredkin are predominantly deployed in designing the reversible circuits. Nevertheless, its results are not promising in the context of dissipating static power. Power dissipation has turned out to be crucial issue in designing VLSI circuits. To overcome this problem, the energy recovery principle is introduced, and it is known as Adiabatic Logic. The famous adiabatic, low powered circuits work on reversible logic to store power and revert the same. Multiple Adiabatic Techniques (AT)is employed for dissipating the power in efficient manner. These ATs reduce power dissipation especially in VLSI circuits by performs both charging as well as discharging. The proposed research implements the Reversible Logic (RL) in Full Adder (FA) of Adiabatic Logic Reversible MOS Current-Mode Logic (MCML) FA generally termed Adiabatic Logic Reversible MCML Full Adder (FA) as well as on the Adiabatic Logic Reversible MCML multiplier. This is aimed to produce high speed circuits at reduced power. Reliable performance augmented with speedy operation is prominently exhibited in MCML than CMOS logic family. Coverage area along with improved power consumption may help in deployment of reversible logic in FA pertaining to MCML. Minimal quantity garbage output when given constant inputs is employed in reversible FA. The detailed experimental analysis portrays that proposed circuit can attain improved performance than existing RL like Feynman gate, Peres gate, TSG, Reversible MCML with Full Adder in the context of mean power, static power and current, and coverage area.

Recovery-oriented mental health principles in psychiatric hospitals: How service users, family members and staff perceive the realization of practices.

The aim of the study was to describe and compare how recovery-oriented mental health principles have been realized in Finnish psychiatric hospitals from the viewpoint of different stakeholders (service users, family members and staff). A multimethod research design was adopted to combine both quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. A total of 24 focus group interviews were conducted with service users (n=33), family members (n=3) and staff (n=53) on 12 psychiatric Finnish hospital wards (October 2017). The interview topics were based on six recovery-oriented principles (WHO QualityRights Tool Kit, 2012). A quantitative deductive analysis was conducted to describe and compare the realization of the recovery-oriented principles between three stakeholder groups. A qualitative deductive content analysis was used to describe participants' perceptions of the realization of recovery-oriented principles in practice. The GRAMMS guideline was used in reporting. Out of six recovery-oriented principles, 'Dignity and respect' was found to have been realized to the greatest extent on the psychiatric wards. The most discrepancy between the participant groups was seen in the 'Evaluation of recovery'. Service users and family members found the realization of the practices of all principles to be poorer than the staff members did. Wide variation was also found at the ward level between perceptions among participants, and descriptions of the realization of the principles in psychiatric hospital practice. Perceptions about the realization of recovery-oriented principles in practice in Finnish psychiatric hospitals vary between different stakeholder groups. This variation is linked to differing ward environments. More research is needed to understand the factors associated with variation in perceptions of recovery principles. Service users and family members participated in this study.

Sustainable Sanitation: an appropriate solution in rural areas

In Morocco, reuse of treated wastewater can reduce the negative effects of drought in the agricultural sector. However, it is necessary to adopt a sustainable sanitation in order to reduce the risk of this type of water on public health and environment. This new sanitation concept is based on the principle of separation, recovery and reuse of wastewater and taking in consideration the social, economic, environmental, and institutional of the local conditions. The aim of this article is: to give the main results of a survey conducted in 2017 at Dayet Ifrah village which housed the first pilot ecological sanitation project in Morocco concerning appreciation and attitude of the population towards this new system of sanitation; and on the other hand to study the efficiency of a pilot scale system composed on three filters used to treat domestic wastewater coming from a single house in Meknes. In general, ecological sanitation is appreciated by the population of the village and showed its effectiveness to improve sanitation in Moroccan context. The pilot scale system proved his effectiveness to trait organic pollution and nutrients, faecal pollution and parasites.

Recovery Colleges Characterisation and Testing in England (RECOLLECT): rationale and protocol

BackgroundRecovery Colleges are a relatively recent initiative within mental health services. The first opened in 2009 in London and since then numbers have grown. They are based on principles of personal recovery in mental health, co-production between people with lived experience of mental health problems and professionals, and adult learning. Student eligibility criteria vary, but all serve people who use mental health services, with empirical evidence of benefit. Previously we developed a Recovery College fidelity measure and a preliminary change model identifying the mechanisms of action and outcomes for this group, which we refer to as service user students. The Recovery Colleges Characterisation and Testing (RECOLLECT) study is a five-year (2020–2025) programme of research in England. The aim of RECOLLECT is to determine Recovery Colleges’ effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and identify organisational influences on fidelity and improvements in mental health outcomes. MethodsRECOLLECT comprises i) a national survey of Recovery Colleges, ii) a prospective cohort study to establish the relationship between fidelity, mechanisms of action and psychosocial outcomes, iii) a prospective cohort study to investigate effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, iv) a retrospective cohort study to determine the relationship between Recovery College use and outcomes and mental health service use, and v) organisational case studies to establish the contextual and organisational factors influencing fidelity and outcomes. The programme has been developed with input from individuals who have lived experience of mental health problems. A Lived Experience Advisory Panel will provide input into all stages of the research.DiscussionRECOLLECT will provide the first rigorous evidence on the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of Recovery Colleges in England, to inform their prioritising, commissioning, and running. The validated RECOLLECT multilevel change model will confirm the active components of Recovery Colleges. The fidelity measure and evidence about the fidelity-outcome relationship will provide an empirically-based approach to develop Recovery Colleges, to maximise benefits for students. Findings will be disseminated through the study website (researchintorecovery.com/recollect) and via national and international Recovery College networks to maximise impact, and will shape policy on how Recovery Colleges can help those with mental health problems lead empowered, meaningful and fulfilling lives.