Ontological Principles Research Articles

On how to feel think in movement: A short introduction: Contemplating ecological belonging in somatic practice1

In this article, I present a brief introduction to somatic practice of felt thinking in movement, as a contemplative practice for ecological belonging. Accompanied by illustrations, coming from my personal practice, the text introduces the reader to three phases of experiential immersion and presents felt thinking as an inclusive method of embodied re-connection with the natural world. Through the lens of embryological development and dynamic activity patterns observable in movement, it also elaborates on different realities of time/space experience. Finally, alongside the first-person narratives, as examples of outdoor practice, I also introduce some major references to the theoretical framework of the work and underline the importance of an ontological principle of movement as relational, thus infused with meaning and care, which can be accessed and practised in felt thinking starting with gentle attention to the movement of the breath.

Ontological principles and genesis of virtual assets (cryptocurrencies) in modern conditions of development of social and legal system

The article considers the principles of the emergence of virtual assets (cryptocurrencies) and the impact on these events of economic, socio-political relations through technological features. The paper considers the influence of the Austrian School of Economics and its achievements on the emergence and development of modern virtual assets, namely they considered the impact on the choice of available currencies: 1) as the purchase of goods and services, 2) as a reserve for future needs; 3) as deferred payments; 4) as a unit of account. According to Hayek's theoretical framework, market forces will determine the relative values of different competing currencies. As a result, exchange rates between competing currencies will float freely. The ideas of scientists such as Hayek and Mises and the ideas of the Austrian school of economics formed the basis of such a political trend as cryptoanarchism. Cryptoanarchism can be described as the realization of cyberspace and the manifestation of anarchism, a philosophy whose main goal is to respect human freedoms in cyberspace, regardless of status. Keywords: bitcoin, cryptocurrency, virtual asset, cryptoanarchism, blockchain, Austrian school of economics.

An Educational Look at Divine Wisdom (HIKMA) in the Legislative System ; Emphasizing the compatibility of legislation with human nature

The main purpose of this research is to study the divine wisdom (HIKMA) in the adaptation of legislation with nature and human nature with the educational approach. The importance and necessity of this research is from the point of view that a united human being must first know the relation between the system of existence and its origin and the irreplaceable wisdoms of creation; Then take the necessary benefits from this educational model in the fields of education. The existence of suspicions also makes the need to address this issue and find documented and reasoned answers more obvious. Findings showed that the principle of wisdom is one of the ontological principles of education in Islam. It also emerged that any legislation - based on divine wisdom - is compatible with human nature. The present study has provided the benefit and modeling of this adaptation for the fields of education.

Russell–Myhill and grounding

AbstractThe Russell-Myhill paradox (RMP) puts pressure on the Russellian structured view of propositions (structurism) by showing that it conflicts with certain prima facie attractive ontological and logical principles. I describe several versions of RMP and argue that structurists can appeal to natural assumptions about metaphysical grounding to provide independent reasons for rejecting the ontological principles used in these paradoxes. It remains a task for future work to extend this grounding-based approach to all variants of RMP.

Question as an Ontological Principle in Ahmadi Mala's" Return of Zardasht

Existence as the basis of all that exists (in general) is an important element of philosophy and poetry. Throughout histroy, less or more, attantion has been paid to existence mater in all its dimentions by philosophers and poets and thinkers. In Kurdish literature, the reflection and reaction of this subject is clearly noticeable in the poetry products. Thus, this research, entitled "Question as an ontology principle in Ahmadi Mala's" Return of Zardasht" is focused on, the closeness of poetry and philosophy and the probablity of expressing the philosophy in two pieces of poetry and literature; works on the existence, and tries to analys and interpret the context of poetry of (Return of Zardasht) of 'Ahmadi Mala'. This is to bring antological questions foth as preconditional characteristic. The question whereby as motivation of searching for the existence, and then rising it, introduces human as delicated creature and provides the path to reach exsitence and its very facts.

Scriptural Exegesis or Speculative Philosophy

Summary Dogmatic debates in early Christianity shaped philosophical discourse just as Greek philosophy offered the conceptual tools to engage and, accordingly to crystalize early Christian practice, into a formal system of belief. Thus, in the recently-published The Rise of Christian Theology and the End of Ancient Metaphysics, Johannes Zachhuber notes that “Patristic thought as a whole can be identified as a Christian philosophy.” Following suit – though not without nuance – this paper suggests treating Patristic scriptural exegesis as an exercise of speculative philosophy, as evidenced in Augustine’s interpretation of the figure of the cross at Eph 3.18, where the cross progressively becomes a simple yet compelling paradigm of divine manifestation. This paradigm can be framed according to Augustine’s mature articulation of the ‘ontological principle’ of manifestation in s. 165: “From the depth which you cannot see rises everything that you can see.” By engaging in scriptural exegesis, within a gestalt where Wisdom, sacred and profane alike, merge in the incarnate God manifest in Christ, Augustine articulates unprecedented philosophical principles.

The Reasons for and the Consequences of Averroes’ Saying Essence to God Abstract

This article deals with the relative reasons and consequences of Averroes’ saying God the essence. Thus, based on the example of Averroes, it is desired to show that the philosophers’ conception of God is actually directly related to the subject of metaphysics. The distinctions between potential and actual, being-essence and matter-form, which are thought to have strong forms of explanation, will be applied when needed. According to Averroes, his research of being is basically an investigation of essence. Although the concept of being/existence does not represent a higher level of being above the substance, it takes place in metaphysics as a higher concept with different meanings. However, according to Ibn Avicenna, the existing meets a higher level of being than the substance, and therefore its inquiry cannot be only the one for substance. Therefore, according to him, the subject of metaphysics is not a substance qua substance. In short, the possible reasons for Averroes to call God essence are as follows: First, God is the most suitable for the definition of essence in all existence. The second is that, keeping other meanings of being in mind, he accepted the concept of “mawjūd” as a mental concept that has no reality in the external world, that is, as a genus, and therefore only recognized the substance as reality. The third is the idea that the celestial bodies move endlessly. The fourth is his view on the relationship between universals and discrete entities and tangible individual essences. Following Aristotle, Averroes thinks that universals and ideas do not contribute to the existence of individual essences. The possible consequences of Averroes’ calling God a substance are as follows: The first is his Hanbalī attitude towards God in his books Fasl al-maqāl and al-Kashf an manāhij al-adilla, which he wrote on the relationship between religion and philosophy. Secondly, what was mentioned above as a cause, is a cyclical thing that can be expressed as a result here. In other words, while accepting the celestial bodies and the universe as eternal, causes God to be called essence, calling God essence results in the idea that the universe exists only apart and disconnected from him under the influence of God. The third is his rejection of the doctrines of creation out of nothing and sudūr (emanation). The refusal to create out of nothing is based on a general ontological principle -as the ancient philosophers openly expressed- “absolute absence cannot be the source of existence”.

Building Digital Humanities on the Linguistic Background: Methodological Basis for Digital Humanities Education in Undergraduate and Graduate Programs

The transformation of society towards digitalization and automatization cannot be ignored by the higher education system. While this has been naturally reflected by the education system regarding technical sciences, humanities are still struggling to catch up with the latest trends in the digitalization of society. The field of Digital Humanities (DH) is very young and lacks a solid methodological basis or ontological principles. This paper aims at proposing some philosophical and methodological grounding for the field of DH and its practical applications in the higher education system. We describe two case studies of the creation of new study programs at the Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Positivism and Interpretivism

Positivism is a research approach based on ontological principles that there is an objective reality which is free and independent of viewer and waiting to be discovered. Auguste Comte, a French philosopher from 19th century is credited for being the one who introduced the philosophy of Positivism as it stands today. Since then, positivism as a research approach has gone through different stages of evolution but Comte influence still remains dominant. Positivism tries desperately to fill the gap between natural and social sciences. Despite being an innovative and healthy concept in social research, positivism is subject to harsh criticism since its birth. There is a fundamental flaw in the assumption that positivism makes about scientific enquiry in social sciences. When positivism met criticism, Interpretivism popped up its head though it had been in use for quite a while. It is a research methods that argues that people�s knowledge or understanding of reality is a social construction. In other words, it is meant that there is no objective reality or truth in social world. The entire debate between the two schools of thought revolves around the nature of reality and how it is to be discovered. If one is subjective, the other is objective in its approach to reality.

Application of the ontology of the choice of selection to describe the processes of interaction of subjects of military communication management

The ways of improving the mechanisms of information and analytical support of the command control system in the state of emergency are analyzed. The approach to the application of the ontology of the choice problem for decision-making in the field of law enforcement management using the procedure of integration of information resources based on the binary partial order relation is used. The purpose of the article is to increase the efficiency of decision-making in the management system of the military command in a state of emergency by applying the ontology of the choice problem based on a set of semantically significant results. Results of the research. Analysis and processing of large arrays of information in the field of military command management in a state of emergency should be carried out in an automated mode on the basis of a distributed software environment based on the principles of ontologies. Ontological systems, as a result of the inverse mapping of natural systems, provide the correct aggregation of various thematic processes through the formation of a structured set of information objects-concepts of the subject area, which are defined as a single type of data. The ontological representation of the contexts of units-concepts provides their integrated use in the process of solving complex tasks by the governing bodies of the command in a state of emergency. One of the constructive ways to integrate information resources as passive knowledge systems is to activate their concepts based on the process of forming thematic ontologies and combining these ontologies by building an ontology of the choice problem over them. The uniqueness of the ontology of the choice problem to any homotopy type allows to build the procedure of integration of information resources on the basis of a binary partial order relation. The partial order relation allows to reflect in an integrated way interaction of contexts of the notion-concepts defining subjects of information resources. The contradiction between the increase in the amount of information needed for decision-making in the field of management of interdepartmental critical systems and the constant requirement to reduce the time for its processing in the information-analytical systems has been resolved.

Walking Many Paths, Our Research Journey to (Re)present Multiple Knowings

Indigenous peoples globally are seeking new ways in which to communicate and share our worldviews. Sometimes defined as resistance research, emancipatory research, decolonising research - our research (re)presents the multiple journeys in which we live and come to know. Emerging Indigenous research methodological approaches are centring Indigenous ways of knowing, being and doing, to privilege Indigenous voices that have been suppressed through colonization. The intricate weaving of Western methodologies with Indigenous knowledges evokes agency in two emerging Indigenous researchers (from Australia and Canada) and weaves a path of reconciliation between their diverse disciplines as well as the seemingly dichotomous knowledge systems they are challenged to work within. Using metalogue, a way of authentically bringing together multiple voices through dialogue, we discuss the creative and radical Indigenous methodological approaches developed and enacted within our PhDs. The paper will provide insights to the epistemological, ontological and axiological principles that inform emerging Indigenous approaches to research.

Using ontology in scientific and technological forecasting

The case is made and proposals are drawn for the development of ontologies of scientific and technological forecasting to secure national interests based on the descriptions of expertise in the forecast domain and the methodology of concept maps. Concept maps of scientific and technological advances are visualised and applicability is described for ontological methods in scientific and technological forecasting, as well as the specifics of automation. The novel contribution of the research findings consists in the authors' systemic and comprehensive approach in describing the ontological principles of scientific and technological forecasting to secure national interests. This eliminates the ambiguity in approaches and conceptualisations of the processes of scientific and technological forecasting. The proposed ontological system of scientific and technological forecasting to secure national interests offers a systemic approach to forecast development and uniform interpretations of the concepts involved. All that would doubtlessly contribute to quality forecasting.

SEMIOTICS OF GESTURE: PERFORMATIVE CONCEPTUALISM

Problem setting. This article poses the problem of understanding and applying performance as a conceptual model of the functioning of an individual in a modern multi-layered reality. The study presents an analysis of popular actionist practices and the further development of the pure action ontology. The performance serves as an approbation of the dynamism technique and the principle of action in social, digital and artistic actions.
 Recent research and publications analysis. The assertion of the principle of dynamism and activity in the modern cultural space explains the popularity of performative topics in a parallel scientific and philosophical discourse. At the same time, the bulk of works on performance relates to the field of theory and methodology of art. These are the works of such authors: G. Elshevskaya, E. Krylova, E. Andreeva, J. Kostincova, D. Filippova, Andrey and Yaroslava Artemenko, H. Petrovsky, S. Levitt, H. Downey and J. Sherry, A. Eckersley and C. Duff.
 G Reingold, M. Cuellar-Moreno and J. Antonio Cubas-Delgado, A. Loskutov, O. Novoselova and E. Kurbanova and others have studied dynamic models of bodily expressiveness in social practices, including in the information space of culture and communication. In turn, the American philosophers J. Butler, J Dean and G. Standing develop the concept of performance in relation to political actionism. They view the gatherings of social rights agents as a performative practice of their relationship to power.
 Paper objective. The aim of the study is to review and theoretically analyze modern creative practices of the subject's bodily expression in the field of art, politics, law and digital communication, as well as to further substantiate the methodological role of the performative concept in modern culture.
 Paper main body. Today's popular installations, happenings, flash mobs and challenge explicates the very essence of modern human existence in the world. Art zones and other creative social spaces (workshops) use direct body language in their functioning and, at the same time, are highly attractive and effective in today's youth environment. Silent actions demonstrate the limited possibilities for a person to manifest themselves, despite the large number of rights, freedoms and technical means to improve life. Defective self-presentation expresses the one-sided and limited nature of the subject's existence in the social, legal, political and cultural space today.
 The natural change of technological structures, cultural eras and political models in the world irreversibly modifies a person, his environment and the possibilities of self-realization in it. The creative space of action allows to express the conceptual ontological principle of modernity – the break between the physical and the semantic, the act and the commentary, the action and the word, the body and corporeality. In a stratified reality, a person cannot maintain integrity. His verbal-symbolic being is separated from the physical (body); they express themselves and communicate autonomously and independently. Desocialization and the dominance of virtuality led to the dismemberment and impoverishment of many human functions, in particular the localization of his speech and actions. Therefore, performance is becoming an irreplaceable alternative way of self-realization of the silent body. While language remains a way of being a person as an agent of the information environment.
 Conclusions of the research. Thus, the study refers to the art experience of bodily subjects as a manifestation of their anthropological authenticity, social significance, legal usefulness, epistemological activity and political will.

New materialisms, sport and the environment: imagining new lines of flight

ABSTRACT Written at a time when new ways of knowing, relating and responding to the environment appear more urgent than ever, this paper explores the potential of using new materialist theory for more-than-human understandings of sport and the environment. The paper consists of three parts. We begin by reviewing key trends in research on sport and the environment, before signaling the recent turn towards new materialist ontological principles to explore the intra-actions between sport, physical leisure and the natural environment. We then turn specifically to feminist new materialisms to examine the important contributions such theoretical strands offer for rethinking human and nonhuman entanglements with the environment. In the third and final part we take inspiration from feminist new materialisms to propose a research imaginary aimed towards opening new ‘lines of flight’ in sport and environment research, praxis and pedagogies, particularly in relation to: (i) methods, (ii) modes of representation, (iii) ethical understandings, and (iv) teaching tools. In so doing, we hope this paper encourages others to explore how feminist new materialist approaches might enable new noticings, vital respondings, and thus feminist ethics and response-abilities to (and with) the environments that our sporting and movement practices are already entangled.

Features and Consequences of Flat Ontology in Expanded Urban Planning

This paper seeks to pinpoint the consequences of the core principles of flat ontology for so-called expanded urban planning, on the basis of four case studies at the local level in the Nordic countries. However, these not only represent the local realms, as they are embedded in glocal networks. Urban development takes place in them through different forms of self-organisation, primarily outside the formal planning processes and official institutions, varying in terms of temporality and stages of emergence. We argue that expanded urban planning, which is based on pluralist realism, opens up methodological opportunities for a more agile and responsive planning system, potentially leading to more inclusive urban development. The comparative analyses indicate that the application of flat ontology comprises an expansion of the extent of planning, the importance of temporal dynamics in all stages of planning, the adoption of a variety of digital and non-digital methods and tools, as well as skilful deliberation of complex relations between assemblages. Thus, flat ontology should be called fat, as it makes the conceptualisation of planning manifold and deliberative instead of linear and hierarchical.

The Phenomenon of Sentiments and Love in Non-human Animals from the Ontological Point of View of Mulla Sadra

In the whole universe, from the lowest beings to the highest ones, love permeates through the entire world of existence. Love is one of the hallmarks and perfections of existence in animals. This survey was done to illuminate and explain Mullah Sadra’s ontological viewpoint on the entity of sentiments and the inborn and innate love in the existence of non-human animals. The analytic and descriptive method (library documentary) was used to conduct this study and research. An animal is one of the creatures in the essence of the existence that possesses its own perfect attributes. Animals have souls, the effects of which are life, perception, free choice, and emotions (love). Animals have an order for their existence, and they are attributed with perfection to the extent of their intensity and weakness. That is to say, all animals are not at the same level. Their perfection is also the same as their existence is. There is life, perception, and love in animals, but it depends on their proportion of existence. All animals are in love, but every animal having the highest share of its rank enjoys more love. Mullah Sadra’s ontological principles in proving the existence and flow of love in animals are that the existence is ‘original,’ ‘non-composite,’ ‘equivocal,’ and ‘coextensive’ with life, conception and love, and ‘God, the Almighty, is the true Beloved of all beings including animals’ souls.’ Evolutionarily, animals can only move to the point where humanity of human beings begins.

Decision-making System Based on The Ontology of The Choice Problem

The complexity of the decision-making process for experts in various topics is in the problem of initial processing of unstructured information. This problem of Big data requires the latest solutions that provide a structural reflection and integrative use of information descriptions under consideration by experts. It takes the process of information and analytical evaluation and decision-making beyond one subject area and raises questions about the ontological consideration of the problem itself. The ontological principles of such consideration are based on multiple hyperproperties of information for the realization of the categories of integration, systematicity and continuity, as well as implementation of structures and their functionality reflection and transformation. For this, there is the ontology of the problem of rational choice based on means of a ranking of alternatives on a set of indicators. It provides the creation of a system designed to solve the ranking problem based on the ontological model of the subject area. Hyperproperties of ontological representation of large amounts of information ensure the implementation of meta-tasks of its analysis, its structuring, synthesis, and support the process of rational choice. Such an approach creates the conditions for optimal processing of a Big Data.

Онтологические аспекты власти в западноевропейском дискурсе

The article explores the ontological foundations of power in Western European philosophical discourse. The author analyzed essential characteristics of power within classical and non-classical paradigms, thus revealing the relationship of its ontological principles with social practice in different historical periods. According to the classical rationalistic world view, power was endowed with metaphysical properties, which provided it with transcendental status and ethical characteristics. Power correlated with such concepts as "good", "hierarchy", "responsibility", "order", "law", "justice", etc. This discourse presented the government as a category of ontological order, sacrament to the Absolute, and contributed to the development of its institutional forms and management strategies based on control, subordination, and coercion. The non-classical paradigm put forward the idea of power as a manifestation of the irrationality of the human psyche. Criticism of logo-centrism made voluntaristic philosophers present power as a category of anthropological discourse. Its basic properties were defined through such concepts as "universality", "irrationality", "subjectivity", "totality", "ubiquity", etc. Power was deprived of its transcendental status and ethical character, which traditionally provided it with legitimacy in society. However, it acquired the properties of universality and immanence of human nature in the unconscious structures of human psyche. In social practice, the transformation of the principles of power led to the development of ideological discourses and new ways of exercising power

Ontological and epistemological principles in the system of the paradigm of civilizations and their nature of interrelation

The correct model or strategy for the development of civilization, state, and society today has a special importance in connection with global world processes. In this aspect, it is very important to define the ontological and epistemological postulates of the development of the paradigm. These scientific articles are devoted to the system analysis of the ontological and epistemological principles of the development of the paradigm of civilizations. It also contains today's indicators of the civilization phase transition.

For an Anthropological Turn in Phenomenology

Phenomenology, when it investigates life and living things, offers not one but two ways of doing so. It can be rooted in life and find its principle there; but it can also describe living things and exhibit their essential structure. These are two very different ways of practising phenomenology. The first one places us on the side of a first philosophy whose foundationalist ambition is clearly avowed: here, life is regarded as an ontological principle. For its part, animal phenomenology directs its interest to living beings that could be the object of an intentional description. Animality is not life; it is not a principle but a particular region of our experience, the title of an ontology that is not general but regional. I would like to propose a middle way. Indeed, I would like to start from the phenomenology of the animal in order to progressively raise it to philosophical reflection at its most general level. Animality, provided that it is amended in accordance with our animal origin, and without leaving its empirical or regional status, may be an opportunity for renewing philosophy in its fundamental categories, and not only in one of its special fields. If the path of “becoming human” uncovers empirical facts that may open a “space of reasons,” then it is up to phenomenology to rethink not only the animals and the humans but, starting from this “empirico-transcendental doubling,” also philosophy itself.