Principles Of Morphogenesis Research Articles

Поиски нового художественного образа в архитектуре павильона «Крайний Север» на Всероссийской художественно-промышленной выставке 1896 г. в Нижнем Новгороде

The Far North Pavilion was built by the Moscow-Yaroslavl-Arkhangelsk Railway Joint-Stock Company headed by S. I. Mamontov. The pavilion was supposed to draw public attention to the necessity of continuing the construction of the existing road to the North. The Far North pavilion, along with the Shukhov Tower, was one of the most conceptual structures of this exhibition, showing promising directions in the development of architecture and art, in which new principles of morphogenesis in architecture were first manifested. The article is aimed at identifying the morphogenetic factors that influenced the creation of an innovative image of the pavilion, including the history of its creation, as well as analyzing the new principles of architectural morphogenesis based on an emotional imaginative perception of the North as a source of inspiration. These principles later formed the system of artistic stylization, which determined the aesthetics of Art Nouveau in its national version.

Compositional Principles of the Organization of the Sheet Plane

Considering the increasing role of science-based methodologies of graphic design practice in scientific research and development of educational guidebooks for future specialists, this article is focused on importance and consistency of correct usage of terminology of composition theory, namely categories, attributes, means. Recently, the need to provide an educational process with specialized educational literature arose because of the establishment of design programs in many academic institutions, in particular, graphic design departments. First of all, it concerns the theoretical bases of graphic design. As a result of aforementioned, we see the appearance of many editions on issues of the basics of composition and morphogenesis. However, the major part of them requires a serious revision of their target use in the educational process. it is a particular issue for interpretation of terms and concepts like “categories”, “patterns”, “attributes”, “means”, “approaches” which are extremely tangled and not systemized in accordance with the professional direction. This article makes a superficial analysis of sources on the basics of composition and morphogenesis, it establishes that the most problematic issue is that authors do not distinguish a planar composition as a separate type while considering characteristics of principles of morphogenesis. The article emphasizes that in the graphic design actions are held in a two-dimensional space, however, despite the lack of third dimension, all principles of morphogenesis take the place in the organization of planar composition. At the same time, it is emphasized that each task of graphic design has certain differences in the quantitative use of the patterns of composition. The article gives an example of the definition of priority principle of formation of integral groups within the plane, as well as one of the possible algorithms for creating a figurative font composition.

«Суперстили» и периодизация в архитектуре

Автор статьи ставит перед собой две цели. Первая -подведение философского основания под тезис С.О. Хан-Магомедова о двух «суперстилях», которые автор трактует как архитектурные проекции двух философских парадигм: Традиции и Современности. Вторая - рассмотрение архитектурной истории и принятой периодизации в контексте смены первого «суперстиля» вторым.Задача автора - рассмотрение тезиса С.О. Хан-Магомедова о двух су перстнях в контексте переосмысления архитектурной периодизации. Ещё одной важной параллелью становится история философии. В контексте больших мировоззренческих сдвигов от теизма к деизму и, наконец, к атеизму суперстили обретают значение архитектурных проекций двух философских парадигм: Традиции и Современности, каждая из которых диктует собственные принципы формообразования. Центральным моментом здесь является вопрос ценностной ориентации: первый суперстиль как язык Традиции ориентирован на идеальный сверхчувственный мир (эстетика Платона, развитая христианством); второй суперстиль как язык Современности всецело обращен на мир чувственный, земной и тесно связан с идеей линейного прогресса. Сама архитектурная история предстаёт как постепенная, а затем скачкообразная смена первого «суперстиля» вторым. Эти универсальные выводы помогают понять логику больших процессов в истории архитектуры, а также объясняют причины повсеместных конфликтов старой и новой эстетики в исторической среде, которые кроются в их генетической разнородности.

The Kinase Regulator Mob1 Acts as a Patterning Protein for Stentor Morphogenesis

Author SummaryCells have the ability to develop complex morphologies, but the mechanisms that determine these varied shapes are not well understood. Cell shape determination can be challenging to study in multicellular organisms because it can be difficult to know whether shape changes are determined internally within an individual cell or externally, driven by input from neighboring cells or by both. The giant unicellular ciliate, Stentor coeruleus, provides an ideal single-cell model in which to study morphogenesis due to its large size and reproducible, complex patterning. Although Stentor was a popular experimental organism around 100 years ago, molecular tools were not subsequently developed to sustain its use as a model system today. Here we demonstrate that RNA interference (RNAi) “by feeding” is effective in Stentor and demonstrate its utility for studying morphogenesis and cell polarity patterning in this organism. We show that the conserved Mob1 kinase regulator protein is asymmetrically localized to the posterior end of Stentor and is positioned at the newly forming posterior pole during cell division, suggesting that it may have a role in morphogenesis. Using RNAi, we show that depletion of Mob1 results in Stentor cells with marked defects in morphogenesis. Our findings suggest that Stentor coeruleus can be a powerful model system studying morphogenesis and regeneration at the single-cell level and that Mob1 is a patterning protein required for its normal development and regeneration.

Self-organizing systems based on morphogenesis principles

Morphogenesis is the process that gives shapes to organisms from an embryonic stage through a sequence of cell divisions. Starting from a simple embryonic cell, the controlled division and transformation of the cells into different types leads to the creation of a complex organism. The growth of complex organisms is completely autonomic and is one of the best examples of self-organizing systems found in nature. In comparison, the computing infrastructure in current data centers is more static and requires significant human intervention in order to take on the form that is desired. However, emerging technology such as virtualization of servers and networks enables an architecture where distributed computer systems can take different forms using the concept of morphogenesis. Using this vision, all machines in a virtualized data center initially start with a single software image and, using a distributed scheme, adopt a structure in which different images take on the roles of a database server, a web server, a load balancer, a firewall, or a caching proxy in topologies whose structures form on their own. In this paper, we present a novel architecture of a virtualized data center that self-organizes using the principles of morphogenesis.

Enaction-Based Artificial Intelligence: Toward Co-evolution with Humans in the Loop

This article deals with the links between the enaction paradigm and artificial intelligence. Enaction is considered a metaphor for artificial intelligence, as a number of the notions which it deals with are deemed incompatible with the phenomenal field of the virtual. After explaining this stance, we shall review previous works regarding this issue in terms of artificial life and robotics. We shall focus on the lack of recognition of co-evolution at the heart of these approaches. We propose to explicitly integrate the evolution of the environment into our approach in order to refine the ontogenesis of the artificial system, and to compare it with the enaction paradigm. The growing complexity of the ontogenetic mechanisms to be activated can therefore be compensated by an interactive guidance system emanating from the environment. This proposition does not however, resolve that of the relevance of the meaning created by the machine (sense-making). Such reflections lead us to integrate human interaction into this environment in order to construct relevant meaning in terms of participative artificial intelligence. This raises a number of questions with regards to setting up an enactive interaction. The article concludes by exploring a number of issues, thereby enabling us to associate current approaches with the principles of morphogenesis, guidance, the phenomenology of interactions and the use of minimal enactive interfaces in setting up experiments which will deal with the problem of artificial intelligence in a variety of enaction-based ways.

Principles of morphogenesis: the contribution of cellular automata models

Principles of morphogenesis: the contribution of cellular automata models

Bio-Inspired Morphogens and Biomimetic Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine

AbstractRegenerative medicine is the science of design and manufacture of parts for functional restoration of damaged tissues due to cancer, disease and trauma. Morphogenesis is the developmental cascade of pattern formation, body plan establishment and differentiation of tissues culminating in adult form. Regeneration in general, recapitulates in parts, embryonic morphogenesis. Thus, the principles of morphogenesis can be applied to tissue engineering for regenerative medicine and surgery. The threekey ingredients for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are inductive morphogens, responding stem cells, and extracellular matrix materials. Therefore bioactive morphogens can be integrated into materials for functional restoration by tissue engineering. A morphogen is a morphogenetic protein signal that acts on responding stem cells. Bone morphogenesis is induced by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). BMPs play a role in pattern formation, cell differentiation, maintenance and regeneration of tissues. BMPs are pleiotropic and act on chemotaxis, mitosis and differentiation of progenitor stem cells. There are nearly twenty BMPs in the human genome. BMPs have actions beyond bone in development of teeth, heart, kidney, eye, skin, and brain. Thus, BMPs may be called body morphogenetic proteins. Stem cells are primordial cells with unlimited replicative potential and can be programmed by morphogens such as BMPs. Extracellular matrix is the native scaffolding material that can be used to deliver morphogens such as BMPs for tissue engineering of bone. Biomimetic materials are typically synthetic, polymeric structures that mimic extracellular matrix scaffolding by presenting the cellular binding sites found within collagens, fibronectin, proteoglycans and glycoproteins. Materials that mimic extracellular matrix scaffolding such as BMPs bind to collagens I&IV, heparan sulfate and heparin. BMPs bound to collagen acts as a composite biomaterial to initiate bone formation and the shape can be molded by an appropriate template. In addition to including BMPs in a carrier matrix, the geometry of the carrier matrix is critical for optimal tissue engineering. For example: collagen particles smaller than 44μm are feeble in bone induction compared to the coarse (420μm) particles. Gene therapy approaches using genes for morphogenesis such as BMPs allows a sustained, prolonged secretion of gene products. Thus, morphogens integrated into biomaterials may be useful in regenerative medicine.

Mapping of permafrost on Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula, using satellite images and aerial photography

AbstractThe work presented deals with detailed mapping of permafrost in Devil Bay, Vega Island, northeastern Antarctic Peninsula. Mapping of landforms and permafrost features within a periglacial plain was performed using high resolution visible satellite images and aerial photography. Two maps of permafrost were produced: one based on analysis and interpretation of visible satellite imagery and another on low-altitude aerial photography, both yielding similar results. The principles of morphogenesis were applied to map production, distinguishing both the syncryogenic and epicryogenic formations and each constitutive cryofacies. The interpretation of remote-sensing data allowed areas of occurrence of particular cryogenic processes to be defined. Remote sensing was found to be useful for permafrost mapping at both medium and large scales, and applicable for future extension to other regions in Antarctica.

Micrasterias cells as a model system for research on morphogenesis.

Micrasterias species have been the subject of numerous experimental studies on cell shape formation in the last 40 years. Chemical and physical treatment during different developmental stages, as well as investigations of ultrastructure by means of various different preparation methods, have yielded information about some principles of morphogenesis in the symmetric, highly ornamented Micrasterias cell. The basic symmetry of a Micrasterias cell is determined prior to mitosis and is established without nuclear control thereafter. Normal cell development, however, may occur only under the conditions of continuous protein synthesis throughout the cell cycle. A prepattern for the later cell shape seems to be present at the plasma membrane at the early stages of septum formation. It is realized by a local, patterned distributed incorporation of cell wall material that is delivered by Golgi-produced vesicles. The areas where fusions take place between the primary wall material containing vesicles and the plasma membrane are defined by inward ionic currents that are carried at least in part by calcium. These areas develop into lobes during the following course of cell growth. Cell shaping in Micrasterias cells is thus mediated by both an enhanced extension of the cell wall and an additional incorporation of wall material in the areas of the lobes. Numerous studies have indicated that actin plays an important role in morphogenesis, whereas microtubules do not participate in this process but are involved mainly in nuclear migration. The present review shows that although a wealth of details concerning Micrasterias morphogenesis has already been elucidated, two main questions, i.e., the method of septum formation and the splitting of the lobes, remain to be answered.

Micrasterias cells as a model system for research on morphogenesis.

Micrasterias species have been the subject of numerous experimental studies on cell shape formation in the last 40 years. Chemical and physical treatment during different developmental stages, as well as investigations of ultrastructure by means of various different preparation methods, have yielded information about some principles of morphogenesis in the symmetric, highly ornamented Micrasterias cell. The basic symmetry of a Micrasterias cell is determined prior to mitosis and is established without nuclear control thereafter. Normal cell development, however, may occur only under the conditions of continuous protein synthesis throughout the cell cycle. A prepattern for the later cell shape seems to be present at the plasma membrane at the early stages of septum formation. It is realized by a local, patterned distributed incorporation of cell wall material that is delivered by Golgi-produced vesicles. The areas where fusions take place between the primary wall material containing vesicles and the plasma membrane are defined by inward ionic currents that are carried at least in part by calcium. These areas develop into lobes during the following course of cell growth. Cell shaping in Micrasterias cells is thus mediated by both an enhanced extension of the cell wall and an additional incorporation of wall material in the areas of the lobes. Numerous studies have indicated that actin plays an important role in morphogenesis, whereas microtubules do not participate in this process but are involved mainly in nuclear migration. The present review shows that although a wealth of details concerning Micrasterias morphogenesis has already been elucidated, two main questions, i.e., the method of septum formation and the splitting of the lobes, remain to be answered.

Principles of morphogenesis of higher autonomic centers during pathologic pregnancy

Principles of morphogenesis of higher autonomic centers during pathologic pregnancy

Morphology of Ammon's horn of the rat hippocampus in tissue culture

The principles of morphogenesis of Ammon's horn of the neonatal rat hippocampus in tissue culture (area CA1-2) were studied by light-optical and electron-microscopic methods. Analysis of 5-, 12-, and 21-day cultures revealed maturation of the hippocampal pyramidal cells in vitro, the development of a protein-synthesizing system, and synaptogenesis. The synchronous development of the synaptic structures, of the protein-synthesizing system of the cell, and of electrogenesis suggests that these are interconnected factors.