Principles Of Interpretation Research Articles

99mTc Bone-Avid Tracer Cardiac Scintigraphy: Role in Noninvasive Diagnosis of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is an overlooked cause of heart failure, with substantial morbidity and mortality. The emergence of several novel therapies has fueled the interest in early and accurate diagnosis of ATTR-CA so that potentially life-saving pharmacologic therapy can be administered in a timely manner. The most promising imaging modality and biomarker is SPECT imaging with technetium 99m (99mTc)-radiolabeled bone-seeking tracers, which have high specificity in the diagnosis of ATTR-CA, potentially obviating biopsy. In this article, the authors provide a focused review on the use of 99mTc pyrophosphate (PYP), 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD), and hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) for diagnosis of ATTR-CA, present a systematic approach to interpretation of the scans, and highlight several common pitfalls to illustrate important diagnostic principles for accurate interpretation of these images. The authors indicate when to use endomyocardial biopsy for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis and conclude with a section on quantitation of 99mTc-PYP/DPD/HMDP imaging.

THE METHOD OF INTERPRETATION ON QS. AL-FATIHAH IN TARJUMAN AL-MUSTAFID BY ABDUL RAUF AS-SINGKILI

This study is motivated by the lack of studies on the methodological configuration of al-Fatihah's interpretation in Tarjuman al-Mustafid. Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting this study further. This type of research is library research using the primary data source of the interpretation of Tarjuman al-Mustafid by Abd Ar-Rauf As-Singkili which is focused on the interpretation of al-Fatihah. The method used is a descriptive-analytical method. The conclusion of this article explains that: First, the Systematic Interpretation of As-Singkili is explaining the Makkiyah or Madaniyah letter, explaining the benefits of the letter and its asbab an-nuzul, writing the text of the verse without translation, and then doing the interpretation. Second, the source of interpretation uses munasabah, hadith, and scholars' arguments (quotations from other interpretations). Third, the principles of interpretation are 1) the Principles of Letter Description; 2) The Qiraat Accentuation Principle; 3) the Principles of Global-Parochial Interpretation; and 4) the Principles of Textual Interpretation. Fourth, the Caustive-Axiological interpretation carried out by As-Singkili in interpreting al-Fatihah emphasizes the socio-cultural aspect and minimizes differences of opinion in reading (qiraat) on the verse malikiyaumiddin.

On the Binary Principle of Biblical Texts Interpretation

Identifying the forms of Semitic literature that underlie the biblical text is still a task to be undertaken – as important as it is complicated, which even very experienced researchers, such as Roland Meynet, assert. The authoress adopts the basic tools of rhetorical analysis, formulated by Meynet, and then examines selected texts of The Old Testament in search of a few specifically Semitic features of beauty in the remarkable Book of Books. Parataxis is, according to Meynet, the most important feature of biblical language, and it is based in binary, seen – in Meynet’s terminology – at all levels of the biblical message organization: at the first level, i.e., ‘language or grammar;’ at the second level, i.e., ‘words or discourse;’ at the third level, i.e., the entire Book. Therefore, the authoress has assumed three presuppositions of rhetorical analysis, believing them to be true not only in relation to textual units, i.e., distiches or tristiches, ‘excerpts,’ pericopes, sequences, chapters, and books, but also linguistic units ranging from phonemes, through morphemes and lexemes to sentences. Through the analysis of subsequent texts, the authoress wants to prove that binary does not presuppose a simple repetition, but the interplay of doubled form and doubled content – between them, a deep sense is hidden, which should be unveiled and brought up to date.

ANALISIS WACANA TEKSTUAL DAN KONTEKSTUAL NASKAH DRAMA BERJUDUL SARAPAN TERAKHIR KARYA ANDRIAN EKA SAPUTRA

Discourse is a complete form of language unit arranged in its entirety so that it becomes a single language unit that contains a theme. There are two types of discourse in drama scripts, namely textual discourse and contextual discourse. This research is a descriptive qualitative research because in this research it tries to collect data based on the literature that is used as analysis material. In textual discourse in grammatical relationships, there are 105 reference data which include personal, demonstrative and comparison references, 20 duplication data including nominal, verbal, phrasal and clauseal references. 19 discharge data and 8 coupling data. Furthermore, in the textual discourse of lexical relations, there are 25 repetition data including epizeukis, tautotes, anasphora and episphora. 19 synonymy data includes free morphemes with bound, words with words, words with phrases and phrases with phrases. 21 collocation data, 6 hyponymy data and 2 equivalence data. The researcher found 14 data that included interpretation including the principle of personal interpretation, 3 locational interpretation data, 6 temporal interpretation data, 3 analogy data related to the interpretation of differences in meaning in an utterance, then the researcher found 12 interference data marked by the speaker not explaining explicitly the meaning of his utterance. In this study associated with the Basic Competence 3.19. Analyzing the content and linguistics of dramas that are read or watched at the XI grade high school level then alternatively as LKPD.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in surfactant science: A personal view

AbstractThe overall goal of this review paper on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) is to provide non‐specialists and spectroscopists alike a motivational introduction to how this technique may be used to obtain unique structural information on a wide range of surfactant‐based systems. Two main topics are addressed—The structures of surfactant aggregates in solution and the interactions of surfactants in solution with solid surfaces. Infrared spectra can yield insights into the interactions of surfactants in mixed micelles as well as in microemulsions. The structures of adsorbed surfactant layers and their kinetics of formation may be elucidated from FT‐IR spectra obtained using attenuated total reflectance sampling techniques. Insights into the detergency process of solid oily soils may also be obtained from the spectra of phases formed at the soil‐surfactant solution interface. Future work in applying FT‐IR to the development of the hydrophilic–lipophilic difference + net average curvature (HLD‐NAC) framework is proposed. Spectral interpretation principles examined in many examples, particularly regarding surfactant hydration and the loci of oil solubilization, could be used in the further development of HLD‐NAC through application to some microemulsion systems that have recently been reported.

Iğtihād of the Jordanian Šarīʿa Judiciary in the Interpretation of Legal Terms An Applied Study

Abstract This article studies a collection of legal terms and their interpretation by Jordanian courts in matters related to the Šarīʿa. It outlines the method through which the meaning of terms is determined by returning to Islamic foundations of jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh), a source specified by Jordanian law which can be used to define legal terms as well as the context, scope, and application of legal texts. The article examines a set of judicial interpretations (iğtihād) of terms which have carried different points of view in both courts of first instance and appeals. The methodology of the study combines between theoretical discussions derived from Islamic foundations of jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh) and the application of interpretive principles through a focus on determining the purpose of the legislator. The article highlights the role of the contemporary Muslim judiciary in developing personal status law through the interpretation of terms that carry multiple meanings and explores the essential principles relied upon in this process, establishing a path for future legal reform.

Principles of interpretation of fundamental human rights through the prism of international case law

The evolution of law has given rise to principles of interpretation that can be applied to several formal sources. Thus, the principles of interpretation of the law and the Constitution were developed. The modern trend towards the materialization of law raises questions about the principles of interpretation of fundamental rights. This interpretation of fundamental rights indicates a paradigm shift towards material justice. During the 20th century, the principles of interpreting constitutions were established in the main constitutional democracies of the world. Over the years, in the democratic constitutional regimes of the world, judges have developed or borrowed principles of constitutional interpretation from other constitutional jurisdictions. It was also during this period that human rights became the object of widespread recognition and development in the universal sphere, which initiated a profuse phase of generation of international instruments of individual rights, which became known as human rights. From the point of view of individual rights, several principles of interpretation of fundamental rights have been developed, which apply regardless of whether they are recognized in the legal text, in the constitutional text or in the convention. The latter is what could be called the rule of autonomy of the principles of interpretation of rights. Therefore, the interpretation of the law and the Constitution - in the state order - and the interpretation of international treaties - in the international order - will be at the same level of analysis, relative to the formal source. On the other hand, the interpretation of fundamental rights would correspond to an analytical category different from the previous one, where the formal source containing the right would not be a determining element of the interpretation. Throughout the history and evolution of law, various mechanisms of applying general and abstract legal norms to a specific case have been developed. In order to implement the specified application, which takes the form of concretization, especially in constitutional law, the judge proceeds to the interpretation of the norm.

COVID-19 Stay at Home Restrictions and the Interpretation of Emergency Powers: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has created immense challenges for governments in their management of the public health response and tested the limits of public law. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of the common law jurisdictions of the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia. It discusses the imposition of ‘stay at home’ restrictions pursuant to public health legislative frameworks, focusing on judicial scrutiny in the context of statutory interpretation. It examines the appellate cases of R (Dolan) v Secretary of State for Health and Social Care [2021] 1 WLR 2326, Borrowdale v Director-General of Health [2022] 2 NZLR 356, and Kassam v Hazzard (2021) 106 NSWLR 520. Using these case studies, this article seeks to reveal key themes and implications for public law. What approaches have the courts adopted to construe public health emergency powers? How have the courts treated ‘rights-based’ principles of statutory interpretation? Have the courts approached interpretation in the usual manner or displayed an unorthodox level of deference to other branches of government? The article concludes on what implications the judicial approaches have for the interpretation of emergency powers in the future.

THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD AS A SUBSTANTIVE RIGHT

The article is devoted to the study of one of the elements of the concept of ensuring the best interest of the child. The best interest is considered as A substantive right. Based on the comments of the Committee on the Rights of the Child to Article 3 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989, the practice of international judicial bodies, domestic and foreign legal doctrine, the author attempts to determine which category of human rights the law under study belongs to. The conclusion is made about the complexity of the best interest of the child as a substantive right, including elements of both positive and negative right, and is also an individual and collective right. Perceived primarily as an interpretive principle, the best interest of the child should undoubtedly be attributed to the inalienable right of the child, requiring an individual approach in each specific case.

The Transboundary Approach to Landscape Geointerpretation: Challenges in Interpretive Planning and Geoconservation

The paper introduces the transboundary approach for landscape geointerpretation using a karst landscape (NW Dinaric Karst) as an example. It proposes geointerpretation that focuses on attractive geoheritage themes that are unique to a karst landscape, such as “duality” of the landscape (surface and underground landscape), geodiversity and geohistory of explorations. Four representative karst landscape types are presented in two neighbouring countries, Slovenia (SI) and Croatia (HR): low karst (Karst Plateau/SI), contact karst (UNESCO site Škocjan Caves/ SI), high alpine glacial karst (Gorski Kotar/HR) and coastal karst (Island of Krk/HR). The transboundary geointerpretation approach is based on an interpretive planning process, which was conducted through participatory workshops with local people and stakeholders and resulted in one interpretive master plan and four permanent exhibition plans. The key phenomena and themes for permanent exhibition plans were identified and used as the basis for the establishment of off-site karst interpretive centres and on-site polygons. The karst heritage was interpreted by using Freeman Tilden’s basic principles of interpretation. The presented approach and the interpretive infrastructure provide a good basis for further geoconservation projects, as well as for geopark designation. Its transferability and further geotourism applications are discussed.

Analysis of car parking industry from social community perspective

In the era of web 2.0, social media has reshaped several industries nowadays, putting citizen’s view at the heart of their strategy and business model. This paper put forward a new approach to examine car parking industry ecosystem from social media perspective as revealed by the structure and insights inferred from hashtags network analysis. Starting with initial car-parking leading hashtags, Twitter data were collected with a special focus on monitoring various hashtags generated as part of this data collection process. An original approach that exploits social network attributes and a set of rational interpretation principles is devised to infer a set of explainable communities. Each community is next analyzed in terms of industry sector interactions, user’s engagement and presence of bots and global trends. The findings reveal useful insights in terms of comprehending the car-parking ecosystem as well as user’s parking behavior. Especially, the results indicate the prevalence of social, economical and technological aspects that impact all detected communities at various degree.

Origins and Prerequisites of Ukrainian Theatre Institutionalisation (end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century)

The purpose of the article is to outline the important ideological interaction of the institutionalisation factors of the Ukrainian theatre development during the end of 19th – beginning of 20th centuries. The research methodology consists in the use of the following methods: analysis of terminology and the relationship of concepts, comparative-analytical, periodisation and classification, visual-analytical, and abstraction. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the application of the institutional approach to the evolution of the Ukrainian theater in a certain historical period, that is, at the turn of the epochs (the border between two centuries). Conclusions. The institutionalisation of the Ukrainian theater took place under the conditions when, at the end of the 19th century, the government of the Russian Empire, allowing the performance of Ukrainian plays under the control of local authorities, prohibited the very idea of a monolingual and separate Ukrainian theater. One of the most famous troupes of the Ukrainian theater was the troupe of M. Starytskyi, which was formed from actors of the younger generation. The most important achievement of this troupe was M. Starytskyi's affirmation of directing as the main factor in the creation of a performance; the magnum opus of Ukrainian drama in the 1880s and 1890s is considered to be I. Karpenko-Kary's drama, devoid of folklore and ethnographic illustrativeness but marked by features of deep psychologism. At the same time, P. Saksagansky was a congenial director who applied new principles of stage interpretation of the playwright's plays, new means of mise-en-scène, detailed elaboration of each role. During the period of restriction of Ukrainian printing and art, prohibition of Ukrainian education and science, it was the theater that undertook the mission of propagating the native language, song, and dance among wide circles of the public, although it did not have direct access to the Ukrainian countryside.
 Key words: theatre, performing arts, history, institutionalisation, institutions, XIX and XX centuries.

자동차세 개정안의 한미 FTA 제2장 위반 가능성에 관한 고찰

The Free Trade Agreement between the Republic of Korea and the United States of America (hereinafter “KORUS FTA”) specifically addresses South Korea’s motor vehicle tax system, and includes provisions to amend the Annual Vehicle Tax, established under the Local Tax Act. Article 127 of the Local Tax Act was revised in December 2011, accordingly. In accordance with Article 127 of the Local Tax Act, vehicle tax on possession of vehicle for passenger vehicle (hereinafter “vehicle tax”) shall be taxed at vehicle engine displacement. However, due to the increasing supply of expensive high power vehicles with low engine displacement and electric vehicles in the market, along with technology advancements, currently the proportional relationship between engine displacement and vehicle price has been undermined, and thus the regressiveness of tax burden in vehicle tax has been intensified. Since the former 19th National Assembly, a total of five legislative bills on the amendment of Article 127 of the Local Tax Act have been proposed in order to change the base of vehicle tax from engine displacement to vehicle price.
 The purpose of this paper is to study whether such proposed taxation measure would be inconsistent with Chapter Two of the KORUS FTA - particularly Articles 2.12 and 2.2 of the Agreement. The paper first introduces South Korea’s current vehicle taxation and those five legislative bills. Then the paper examines major legislative issues of the proposed taxation measure, focusing on the interpretation of provisions about engine displacement under the KORUS FTA. The paper approaches the issues from an objective but somewhat defensive perspective, so as to further preserve tax sovereignty of South Korea. More specifically, this paper seeks to develop legal arguments that can increase the consistency of the proposed taxation measure with paragraphs (1) and (3) in Article 2.12 of the KORUS FTA, by invoking principle of in dubio mitius and principle of evolutive treaty interpretation, when construing the provisions.

TEXT AND CONTEXT OF NEWSPAPER OPINION RUBRIC AND ITS UTILIZATION AS TEACHING MATERIALS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

This study aims to describe and explain: (1) aspects of the textual discourse of the opinion rubric in the Solopos newspaper, (2) the contextual aspects of the opinion rubric in the Solopos newspaper, and (3) the relevance of the textual and contextual aspects of the opinion rubric in the newspaper. Solopos news with teaching materials in high school. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research design with a content analysis approach. The data in this study are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences. The data sources used in this study are documents, namely the opinion rubric of the Solopos newspaper January-February 2021 edition, and the informants are Indonesian language teachers in class XII SMA, opinion writers, and opinion editors for the Solopos newspaper. Data collection techniques used, namely document analysis and interviews. Test the validity of the data using theoretical triangulation and data source triangulation. The data analysis technique used is the agih method. The results of this study indicate that: (1) textual aspects that support the integrity and cohesion of opinion discourse consist of grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion; (2) contextual aspects of opinion discourse can be understood using the principle of personal interpretation, the principle of locational interpretation, and the principle of temporal interpretation; and (4) the opinion rubric for the January-February 2021 edition of the Solopos newspaper can be used as an alternative material for teaching editorial texts for class XII SMA.

International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis 2022 debate 3-Fetal genome sequencing should be offered to all pregnant patients.

Prenatal trio exome sequencing (ES) has become integrated into the care for pregnant women when the fetus has structural anomalies. Details regarding optimizing indications for prenatal exome sequencing, its detection rates with different categories of fetal anomalies, and principles of interpretation of pathogenicity of sequence variants are still under investigation. However, there is now growing consensus about its benefits for finding the cause of fetal structural anomalies. What is not established, is whether exome or genome sequencing (GS) has a place in the care of all pregnant women. This report is a summary of the debate on this topic at the 26th International Conference on Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy. Both expert debaters considered the advantages and disadvantages. Advantages include the ability to diagnose serious childhood conditions without a prenatally observable phenotype, which creates the potential of early treatments. Disadvantages include difficulties with variant classification, counseling complexities, healthcare cost, and the burden on healthcare systems and families, in particular with the discovery of adult-onset disorders or variants of uncertain significance. Although both debaters weighed the balance of these conflicting arguments differently, they agreed that more research is needed to further explore the clinical utility and ethical aspects of GS for all pregnant women.

Beyond the Basic Law: Interpretive principles protective of fundamental rights in Hong Kong

In considering the protection of fundamental rights in Hong Kong, the Basic Law and the Bill of Rights Ordinance (Cap 383) (BORO) tend to be the dual focus. However, common law principles protective of fundamental rights continue to apply. These include principles of statutory interpretation such as the principle of legality (the presumption that general or ambiguous words in legislation are insufficient to interfere with certain common law rights) and the presumption that legislation is to be interpreted consistently with international treaties. This article considers the role of these common law interpretive principles in Hong Kong, and, in particular, the scope for their application in light of the Basic Law and the BORO. It concludes that the protection of fundamental rights in Hong Kong will continue to focus on the Basic Law and the BORO for so long as the current constitutional arrangements persist. However, the courts ought to take care to pay due regard to the relevant common law interpretive principles, including the stringency of the test of necessary implication where a statutory interference with rights is not express, and the potential for the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to be relevant to statutory interpretation.

Calibrating the response to populism at the European Court of Human Rights

Abstract This article aims to examine the relationship between the populist phenomenon and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) from a normative perspective. It asks whether the Court, given its particular jurisdiction and established practice, is equipped to respond to the attacks of populist governments on European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) rights and how it should adjust its interpretive apparatus to address these attacks. To this end, this article first reconstructs the ideational structure of populism, distinguishes two ideal-types (an exclusive/naturalized one and an inclusive/aggregative one, respectively), and posits that both ideal-types entertain a distorted account of democracy that fuels antagonism and partisanship. Second, it argues that across this spectrum the notions of pluralism and deliberation offer a vantage point to evaluate the role and practice of the ECtHR in responding to populism. Based on recent empirical studies evidencing populist attacks on democratic rights and structures, the article highlights the prototypical phenomena of media and electoral captures. Turning to the Court’s practice, this article shows how pluralism and deliberation heavily inform its reasoning as to the nature, scope, and justification of the two ECHR-relevant rights—namely freedom of expression and the right to free and fair elections—and the decisive role these notions play in resolving cases in proportionality analysis. The article finally explores whether the Court’s interpretive equipment is tailored to address the populist attacks on these fronts and articulates a practice-induced set of interpretive principles and techniques to better detect populist abuses.

Terminology in the field of Qur'anic studies (Vision of treatment and direction of the problem)

This research deals with an aspect of the terminological problem in the field of Quranic studies, especially those related to ambiguity within the limits of three terms that are frequently revolved among those engaged in Quranic research and studies, which are: (the origins of interpretation, rules of interpretation, Quranic sciences) and the relationship between them. It also seeks to achieve a set of objectives from Among them: 1- Contribute to the treatment of a number of terms within the field of Qur’anic studies and to clarify and clarify their limits and the nature of each of them. 2 - Presenting an applied model to address the terminological problem in the field of Quranic studies. In the conclusion of his research, the researcher concluded a number of results and recommendations, including: 1- The researcher reached the necessity of dividing the rules of interpretation in two ways: first - the rules of the origins of interpretation, secondly - the rules of the faculties of the Holy Qur’an and the covenants of his speech, as a contribution from him in completing the rooting maturation of the science of interpretation and crystallization its terms. 2 - Controlling the terminology related to interpretation and Quranic studies in general gives this science its identity and distinguishes it from others. 3 - It is necessary to take advantage of the effort exerted in the fundamental study of the jurists and fundamentalists in the maturation of (the principles of interpretation and its rules) because they are the first in crystallizing this science and bringing it to the stage of maturity and clarity of features. 4 - The researcher recommends continuing efforts to complete the study of the terms of the terminological problem in the field of Qur’anic studies. Research and study

The application of Mīmāṁsā interpretive concepts in commentaries on plays

Abstract This article examines a Sanskrit commentary on Śaktibhadra’s Crown Jewel of Amazement (Āścaryacūḍāmaṇiḥ) that systematically uses concepts from Mīmāṁsā to explain the “overall meaning” (tātparyam or paryavasānam) of specific passages. The anonymous author of this commentary, from early modern Kerala, describes himself as a follower of Kumārila and quotes him several times. After reviewing the model that the commentator borrows from Mīmāṁsā, where the final meaning is derived by the application of interpretive principles to the literal meaning against a discursive context, this article focuses on “additive” strategies (adhyāhāraḥ and anuṣaṅgaḥ) and “subtractive” strategies (the grahaikatvanyāyaḥ).

Beyond antislavery and proslavery: a new term, eventualism, and a refined interpretive approach

ABSTRACT For decades, historians of slavery have grappled with an interpretive constraint. Despite a conviction that the past is as complex as the present, we have operated, to a significant degree, on the simplifying premise that historical attitudes toward enslavement were either antislavery or proslavery—in modified form, immediatist/gradualist or perpetualist. These binary frames have undermined our efforts to write about, and in some ways to discern, attitudes that fell in the ambivalent middle. Through a case study of Henry Clay, one of the most influential politicians operating in this middle range, this article argues for the adoption of a new term, eventualism, that describes one of the most common expressions of ambivalence: declaring opposition to slavery while insisting that, for the sake of the Union, it be left alone and allowed to follow a natural course to extinction. By illustrating the benefits of a refined interpretive approach, immediatism-gradualism-eventualism-perpetualism, along with the benefits of certain interpretive principles that, if more widely adopted, will clarify and enhance inter-scholarly engagements, this article seeks to encourage and enable historians to continue the important work of explicating how and why many Americans, predominantly white Americans, espoused attitudes with significant internal tensions.