Homogeneous Principle Research Articles

Effective properties of two-dimensional dispersed composites. Part II. Revision of self-consistent methods

The generalized alternating method of Schwarz was applied to boundary value problems for a multiply connected domain in the prior work Part I [62] . Approximate analytical formulas for the effective properties of dispersed composites with the exactly derived precision of their validity in concentration and in contrast parameter were derived. The present paper is devoted to comparison study of the formulas from Part I and the previously used engineering approximations. It is demonstrated that self-consistent methods (effective medium approximation, mean field, Mori-Tanaka methods etc) can be considered as the first order approximation of Schwarz's method. Implementation of the reiterated homogenization by means of Schwarz's method is also analyzed. This investigation explains a plenty of illusory different formulas which are actually reduced to the same lower order estimations for dilute composites. Some self-consistent methods violate the principles of homogenization and lead to methodologically misleading approaches. • A self-consistent method for composites is reduced to Schwarz's alternating method. • A methodology to study dispersed random composites is developed. • Limitations of various self-consistent methods are analyzed.

The existence of universal pressure loss and heat transfer correlations for packed beds

Packed beds are used for solar power energy storage, in the chemical and process industries, and in nuclear reactors. Mining ventilation coolth is the application of interest where the energy storage capabilities of rock aggregate may provide an economical and environmentally friendly heat exchanger solution. Particle-resolved simulations using ANSYS Fluent were obtained from uniform and Rosin–Rammler distributions of spherical and polyhedra particles within the pore Reynolds number range Repore=15–3000. This paper increases confidence in using discrete element methods to numerically generate a random packed bed and demonstrates that computational capability exists to resolve over 1000 non-spherical particles. Following the principle of dimensional homogeneity, all packed beds are expected to conform to drag coefficient CD=38.363/Repore0.928+0.291 and Nusselt number Nu=0.430Repore0.580Pr1/3+1.274, meaning that coefficient of performance can be estimated for any rock aggregate.

Coupled peridynamic model for geometrically nonlinear deformation and fracture analysis of slender beam structures

AbstractSlender beam structures can experience large displacements, large rotations and fractures, even if the structures are only subjected to small loads. A coupling model of peridynamics (PD) and classical continuum mechanics (CCM) for beam fracture analysis in geometrically nonlinear deformations is developed in this study. Firstly, the formulations of virtually nonlinear strain energy density of each incremental step are obtained by using the updated Lagrangian (UL) formulation and von Karman beam theory, then the nonlinear PD beam parameters are established on the geometrically nonlinear micro‐beam bonds via the principle of virtual work and homogenization. Secondly, the coupling model of PD and CCM for geometrically nonlinear beams is proposed, for which the morphing method is applied to create a balance between the stiffness of geometrically nonlinear CCM beam model and the weighted coefficients of geometrically nonlinear PD beam model. Thirdly, a new fracture criterion for PD beam models considering the effect of geometrical nonlinearity is adopted. Finally, the large deformation and fracture analysis of straight beam, spiral slender beam and complex frame subjected to different loading conditions illustrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed PD‐CCM coupling model.

DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF BRAND MARKETING RESEARCH BASED ON KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

The expediency of using the system of key performance indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of conducting the main types of brand marketing research is analyzed. The purpose of the article is to systematize the characteristics of the effectiveness of marketing research, depending on the objectives of the study. The article considers marketing research of the target audience of the brand, brand testing, determination of the effectiveness of alternative brand options and marketing research of the feasibility of rebranding products. The use of the KRI system for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing research of brands allows you to more rationally plan the distribution of the company's marketing budget, avoiding financing of unpromising areas. A system of key performance indicators in the study of the brand's target audience is proposed, which reflects the accuracy of assessing the compilation of profiles of primary and secondary audiences, the effectiveness of interviews and the organization of focus groups, and also reflects the efficiency of using Internet resources. The characteristics of software products Xtensio, Digital Marketer, Demand Metric, Hub Spot, which are advisable to use for compiling profiles of the target audience, are considered. It is shown that the increase in the efficiency of the work of focus groups contributes to the observance of the principle of homogeneity of its composition, a clear definition of priorities and a careful choice of a moderator. It has been established that when testing a brand as a KPI, it is advisable to use indicators of the accuracy of assessing the linguistic strength of the brand name, brand color, behavioral and economic perception of the brand by the target audience. Key performance indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of the rebranding expediency reflect the value of the brand, compliance with the target audience, and the effect of rebranding. The total cost method or residual estimated value method can be used to determine brand value.

Help them pass a stormy road: A preliminary study of emotional memory management training on executive functions and difficulties in emotional regulation in adolescents

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effect of an emotional memory management programme on executive functions and difficulties in emotional regulation in adolescents. A semi‐experimental (pretest–post‐test design with a control group) research design was used in this study. The population of this study consisted of all adolescent boys in Bushehr, southern Iran, who were studying during 2015. Initially, the eighth grade was randomly selected using the availability sampling method and considering the sample homogeneity principle. Two classes were then randomly allocated to experimental (n = 17) and control (n = 17) groups. Data were collected using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Stroop test, the Wisconsin card sorting test and the continuous performance test. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used for data analysis. The results showed that our preliminary study was influential on the different domains of difficulties in emotional regulation (impulse control difficulties, non‐acceptance of emotional responses and lack of emotional clarity), cognitive flexibility, cognitive inhibition and cognitive impulsivity. This preliminary study showed reduced difficulty in emotional regulation and improved adolescents' cognitive flexibility, inhibition and impulsivity.

Comparative Assessment of Digital and Conventional Soil Mapping: A Case Study of the Southern Cis-Ural Region, Russia

Digital mapping was applied for a key site located at the Southern Cis-Ural region near Ufa city (the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia). The digital soil map (DSM) was created using the open-source GIS software packages and compared to a conventional (CSM) one. As input parameters, we used standard morphometric values of the topography and field descriptions of soils, including the authors’ data. The DSM was created at the same scale (1:25,000) as the CSM, and soils of different classes were grouped according to the principle of genetic homogeneity and regional agroecological value. Comparing DSM and CSM showed several significant differences in the position, areas, and boundaries of hydromorphic soils and chernozems. The DSM has advantages over CSM at estimating smaller soil areas (areals) and their boundaries, in particular, on elevated topography elements (hills and steep slopes) and upper links of the erosion network (small dry valleys, hollows, and gullies). On the other hand, fluvial soils are mapped rather poorly by the digital approach, and CSM is more appropriate for such soils’ areals. The highest discrepancy is confined to the areas of eroded soils and fluvisols (15% and 12% of total area, respectively) due to significant differences in DSM and CSM approaches for such soil groups. We suppose that the digital method is effective and suitable for the Cis-Ural region, despite 57% soil taxa (types) prediction accuracy and the complexity of the territory by its ruggedness, erosion, and suffusion processes. The implementation and further use of digital mapping methods increase the quality of work, reduce its cost and terms in the region.

Концепция информационно-аналитической платформы в дорожно-транспортной системе мегаполиса

The article defines the concept of building an information and analytical platform for managing freight transportation. The platform is based on the principles of synthesizing the methods for managing the structural dynamics of complex systems in the form of an analytical model that enables searching for compliance between the information situation and the solution. There have been formed principles of mathematical modeling of processes in the information and analytical platform. These principles include the following: implementation of an object-oriented approach in the formation of the information space of possible solutions and decomposition into subsystems and levels according to the principle of homogeneity of technology and heterogeneity of information conditions.

A note on the multiscale volume changes of auxetic metamaterials assessed via digital image correlation

The present manuscript approaches the mechanical interpretation about the volume changes of auxetic metamaterials within a multiscale perspective. The kinematic fields resulting from the mechanical tests were assessed via digital image correlation (DIC). The multiscale mechanical characterization is grounded within sound homogenization principles based on representative volume elements (RVE) at large deformations. The main achieved results concern in highlight that even though the Poisson’s ratio still widely used to characterize the mechanical behavior of auxetic metamaterials, it does not represent a suitable variable to quantify the multiscale volume changes, mainly when finite deformations take place. In this regard, a proper homogenized kinematical quantity is used in this work. Moreover, statistical tools are employed aiming at a better understanding to what extent the multiscale kinematics influence the volume changes and the overall auxetic behavior of the material.

Long-Term “Ethnicized Silences”, Family Secrets and Nation-Building

This article demonstrates the dynamic relationship between long-term ethnicized silences, family secrets and nation-building in Central and Eastern Europe. How have modern nation-states been imagined and formed on the basis of these long-term silences? In order to illustrate what we believe could be the contribution to anthropology (principally to nationalism studies) enabled by introducing this analytical category of silences, in this research we will focus on a close analysis of the life story and identity journey of a self-identified “Slovak woman with Hungarian-Roma roots” who settled in the Czech Republic in 2009. Through this ethnographic example, and in an attempt to go beyond particularities, some of the themes covered are: what meanings, uses and processes of silences can we find in Slovakia, and what is their relationship to the construction of minorities and to an ethno-cultural model of nation-building (an imagined community)? In which domains and under which power relationships have long-term silences and hidden family secrets prevailed in everyday life? To what extent have those silence frameworks been negotiated and used as intergenerational strategies of family unity and protection? And finally, within the context of migration and the complex processes of Europeanization and globalization, how have those long-term, in this case “shamed”, ethnicized Roma silences been contested and broken, and what is the meaning of this development (at micro and macro levels)? In other words, for nation-states that have long been imagined on the principle of ethno-cultural homogeneity, I ask what can long-term ethnicized silences tell us about the process of nation-building (from the bottom up) and the quality of our EU democracies? Where do we come from, where are we now and, at least in terms of a warning (due to the rise of xenophobic forms of populism and radical nationalism), where are we going?

Generating decision support for alarm processing in cold supply chains using a hybrid k-NN algorithm

Real-time temperature monitoring is necessary in cold pharmaceutical supply chains (SCs), where exposures to extreme temperatures can lead to product quality deterioration. Temperature alarms (TAs) triggered by the current rule-based systems still require lengthy examinations before a suitable corrective measure (CM) can be chosen. However, provision of additional information relevant to TAs can expedite the examination process.In the related areas of recommender systems and false alarm/anomaly detection, k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm has proven to be successful because of its interpretability and ease of use. However, in the context of TA processing, it may suffer from some inherent limitations (i.e., varying neighborhood radius, unreliable classifications in sparse and noisy regions, and blindness to natural class boundaries). To overcome these limitations, we propose a hybrid k-NN (Hk-NN) algorithm based on the principles of local similarity and neighborhood homogeneity. It incorporates a two-step voting procedure with an entropy-optimized k-NN radius, decision trees with k-constrained leaves, and nearest neighbor predictions.We investigate 16,525 comments by alarm personnel for TAs in a pharmaceutical SC and encode them in terms of deviation causes and CMs (target features). We use SC data on cargo location, SC phase, sensor role, and temperature characteristics as predictor features for TA similarity estimation. In eight experimental setups, Hk-NN consistently outperforms k-NN with an optimized k in terms of accuracy, balanced accuracy, macro-average precision, recall, and specificity. At the same time, Hk-NN refrains from predicting observations, for which k-NN’s accuracy is close to a random guess.

Assessment automation of road traffic safety with account for road conditions of an individual itinerary

The paper substantiates the need to develop an automated system for traffic safety assessment in urban agglomerations, taking into account road conditions. The authors suggest a methodology for assessment of road traffic accidents, which makes it possible to take into account a wide range of factors affecting them. The methodology is based on complementing the traditional approach of final accident rate calculation with algorithms for collecting and analyzing data using Big Data tools, in particular, convolutional neural networks, fuzzy neural networks such as ANFIS, and cluster analysis using the k-means method. All accident rates are grouped according to the principle of homogeneity of acquisition of information for their calculation. Further, one of the data processing tools is applied to each group. As a result, labor intensity is reduced and the effectiveness of the application of the method of final accident rates increases. For practical calculations, the authors have developed a client-server application that uses data on geometric characteristics, current traffic situation, weather and climatic effects at the time of the trip along a specific itinerary. By means of application use, the analysis of traffic safety on a number of routes in Volgograd was carried out and the results are presented in comparison with the calculations made via the traditional method. It is shown that the use of information about the current situation on a specific section of the road network in terms of the current time significantly increases the accuracy of calculations.

Poincaré Coordinates for Study of Big Crunch

A biggest challenge for today’s astrophysicist is to solve the mystery of primordial evolution of the universe. This is also known as belongs to Planck’s era. In this stage space-time singularity and inflationary phase all occur when universe was just of the size 10-5m. All this evolution occurs in a tiny fraction of a second. This description is made by joining the cosmological principle of isotropy and homogeneity, the Hubble law, and the Einstein’s field equations of General Relativity in the Big Bang Theory or Standard Cosmological Model (SCM). The SCM is failed to describe first moment in which universe emerges out in presence of singularity. Due to failure of above model quantum theory of gravitation is needed to understand the evolution of early universe. Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that need to describe gravity by the principles of quantum mechanics, and where quantum effects cannot be ignored, such as in the vicinity of black holes or similar compact astrophysical objects where the effects of gravity are strong(such as neutron stars). Though the theory is able to unfold many mystery but the observational results to prove it are still not exist. The Quantum Cosmology provides some simulating models to understand the primordial evolution by adding some hypothesis. The SCM well explain the observational data with consistency but have some limitations. In present paper Anti de Sitter and Conformal Field Theory are combined together to study condensed matter made up of extra dimensional particles like Dilaton and Strings which are going to decide ultimate fate; the Big Crunch of our Universe. The AdS/CFT correspondence is used to understand the transition from expanding universe to non relativistic transformation to obtain Big Crunch.

Mystery and multiculturalism: Should the musterion of Ephesians 3 encourage multiculturalism in South African churches?

The objective was the examination of the musterion of Ephesians 3, whether it encouraged multiculturalism in South African churches. The knowledge gap was to find further biblical direction for churches experiencing cultural transitions and demographic changes. The research method was a qualitative analysis of biblical texts, as applied specifically in a South African setting, with global implications. The significance would be the cultural transitions of churches from homogeneous, local churches into culturally heterogeneous, local churches. Further questioning the homogeneous unit principle (HUP) in the light of Scripture, especially Ephesians. The results found that the musterion in Ephesians 3 pointed to the Holy Spirit’s original intension for multicultural local churches. This mystery was found to be the witness of the church in this world and cosmically, to allay fear and prejudice. Further research is recommended into addressing the fears of globalisation in local churches. The contextual context affected local churches in post-Apartheid South Africa and many local churches around the world experiencing globalisation. These findings affect possible blind spots in theological studies in the New Testament, cross-cultural care in Practical Theology, Missiological findings for church growth and church planting, along with sociological findings in multiculturalism.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article deals with concerns for New Testament, missiology and practical theology. It challenges the homogenous unit principle in the light of Pauline discourse and synthesises research to form a contextual response to the need for multiculturalism in South African churches.

Mixed convection flow along a curved surface in the presence of exothermic catalytic chemical reaction

In the current study, the attention is paid on the phenomena of mixed convection flow under the effect of exothermic catalytic chemical reaction along the curved surface. The proposed problem is modeled in nonlinear coupled partial differential equations. In keeping view the principle of homogeneity the dimensional flow model is transformed into dimensionless by using an appropriate scaling. This well arranged form of equations is then discretized with the aid of finite difference method for the numerical solution. The solutions of the considered model are estimated and displayed in the graphs. Here, in the contemporary study variables of physical significance such as velocity profile, temperature distribution and mass concentration are encountered efficiently. The incorporated pertinent dimensionless numbers that is body shape parameter, mixed convection parameter, modified mixed convection parameter, Prandtle number, exothermic parameter, chemical reaction parameter, temperature relative parameter, dimensionless activation energy parameter, and Schmidt number for which variations in the concentrated physical variables are estimated and presented in graphical way. For each boundary conditions computations are performed along the curved surface for different body shape parameter (n) values range from 0 up to 0.5; the obtained results satisfied by the boundary conditions. The velocity profile becomes increasingly more significant for n equal to 1 and due to the uniformly heated surface temperature profile and mass concentration are uniformly distributed.

Geographical characteristics of the Una-Sana mesoregion

Last geographically relevant attempt of adequate territorial differentiation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, based on the principles of complex geographical homogeneity,represents geographical regionalisation into four macroregional units: Peripannonian, Mountain-valley,macroregion of Bosnian and Herzegovinian high karst and Mediterranean macroregion. This paper particularly focused on geographical characteristics of onepart of Peripannonian macroregion–the Una-Sana mesoregion. Natural geographical characteristics are elaborated,such as geographical position, geological composition and structure, geomorphological,hydrogeographical, climate, pedological and biogeographical characteristics, including also social geographical characteristics such as number of population, density, structure of population and economy. According to a field research, former findings, previously collected various information and documents, this paper inclines to present basic characteristics of this region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, pointing out certain problems that Una-Sana mesoregion faces with, specially the„white plague“, as a negative natural change and big emigration of population.

Multiscale Modelling and Mechanical Anisotropy of Periodic Cellular Solids with Rigid-Jointed Truss-Like Microscopic Architecture

This paper investigates the macroscopic anisotropic behavior of periodic cellular solids with rigid-jointed microscopic truss-like architecture. A theoretical matrix-based procedure is presented to calculate the homogenized stiffness and strength properties of the material which is validated experimentally. The procedure consists of four main steps, namely, (i) using classical structural analysis to determine the stiffness properties of a lattice unit cell, (ii) employing the Bloch’s theorem to generate the irreducible representation of the infinite lattice, (iii) resorting to the Cauchy–Born Hypothesis to express the microscopic nodal forces and deformations in terms of a homogeneous macroscopic strain field applied to the lattice, and (iv) employing the Hill–Mandel homogenization principle to obtain the macro-stiffness properties of the lattice topologies. The presented model is used to investigate the anisotropic mechanical behavior of 13 2D periodic cellular solids. The results are documented in three set of charts that show (i) the change of the Young and Shear moduli of the material with respect to their relative density; (ii) the contribution of the bending stiffness of microscopic cell elements to the homogenized macroscopic stiffness of the material; and (iii) polar diagrams of the change of the elastic moduli of the cellular solid in response to direction of macroscopic loading. The three set of charts can be used for design purposes in assemblies involving the honeycomb structures as it may help in selecting the best lattice topology for a given functional stiffness and strength requirement. The theoretical model was experimentally validated by means of tensile tests performed in additively manufactured Lattice Material (LM) specimens, achieving good agreement between the results. It was observed that the model of rigid-joined LM (RJLM) predicts the homogenized mechanical properties of the LM with higher accuracy compared to those predicted by pin-jointed models.

Controlological perspective for a study of social control of crime

The article aims to consider the possibilities of using the controlological (critical) perspective in the analysis of social control of crime. The author reveals the main provisions of the new sociology of social control, or, in other words, the controlology. These provisions have received support in modern concepts of social control. The article shows the difference between controlological representations from the classical legal discourse. This difference, first of all, concerns the perception of institutional violence of state institutions for combating crime and ensuring security. Discussions, which reflect a critical view of crime control, unfold along three main lines. The first one concerns the consideration of control not only as a tool for maintaining the order established by the state, but also in terms of its negative consequences for individuals and society. The issues related to the selective control of the activities of persons holding a certain status in power and influencing the design of the legal field are considered. The second direction is associated with the analysis of the goals of social control. The methods of segregation of persons against whom the indictment has been issued are presented. In relation to them, the principle of behavioral homogeneity, which manifests itself both in a certain professional “treatment” with prisoners, and in arousing a persistent negative attitude towards them among the population, is implemented. The issue of social and cultural victimization of prisoners is considered. In the third direction, a critical perception of the subject of the activity of crime control agents is traced. Here, the focus of researchers is on the concept of “reliability”, which is discussed in relation to the assessment of crime risks, security means and the legality of actions of control agents. The basic provisions and conclusions in the article are supported by statistical data and the results of various studies.

An adaptive finite‐time stable control law for manipulator robots with unknown parameters

AbstractThis article develops an adaptive finite‐time stable control algorithm for an accurate manipulation of robot arms considering unknown model parameters and external disturbances. First, a state‐dependent twisting control algorithm is developed for the robust manipulation of robot arms under the consideration of bounded unknown uncertainties conditions. The more challenging problem of robust control design under consideration of totally unknown dynamical parameters is investigated in a second stage by supporting the control law with a suitable online parameters estimator. The objective of the parameters estimator is to drive the vector of estimated parameters to some level that ensures the establishment of real second‐order sliding mode without overloading the discontinuous controller gains. This approach based on combining both techniques of robust and adaptive algorithms allows overcoming large levels of uncertainties while preserving a high level of tracking accuracy without exciting the unwanted phenomena of chattering. The system finite‐time stability is proven by using Lyapunov theory and the weighted homogeneity principle. Practical tests are reported to support theoretical study results.

미적분학의 기본정리와 관련된 ‘Newton의 직관’에 대한 재고찰

The purpose of this study is to refute an argument in Kang (2019) and offer alternative views concerning the analysis of the historical genesis of the fundamental theorem of calculus. Kang (2019) indicated that Newton might have gained insight into the fundamental theorem of calculus using the area increments intuition based on strict distinctions of dimensions. In response, this study seeks to show that Newton addressed his method by focusing on the mean and instantaneous rate of area change rather than the area increments as in the analytic geometry characteristic that breaks the principle of homogeneity. The results of this study also show that the area increments intuition remains pertinent to implicitly recognizing the existence of average height.

Direct Shear Creep Characteristics and Microstructure of Fiber-Reinforced Soil

Fiber-reinforced soil is an excellent engineering material that has become a focus of research. Most studies focus on the conventional mechanical properties of reinforced soil, such as its tensile, compressive, and shear strength, and rarely study its creep-related mechanical properties. However, when such soil is used as backfill, the creep effect should not be ignored. This study explored the characteristics of creep mechanics in reinforced soil, the fiber-reinforcement mechanism, and the dynamics of microstructures before and after creep tests. Direct shear creep tests were carried out using a direct shear creep tester on soil reinforced with natural palm fibers of equal length (1.5 cm) in different amounts (0%, 0.2%, 0.6%, 1.0%). Microscale tests were carried out on the reinforced soil samples before and after the creep tests by polarized light and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the fiber reinforcement can restrain the deformation and enhance the long-term strength of soil. However, a nonlinear relationship between the reinforcement effect and fiber content was found, with 0.6% being the optimal content. Palm fibers have rough surfaces, grooves, and independent pore chambers, which increase the effective contact area and interaction with the soil. With increases in fiber content, the fibers interweave to form a nestled network structure, which increases the strength and integrity of the soil. Fiber addition changes the microstructure of the soil pores; the proportion of large pores decreases and that of small pores increases. Under the effect of creep, the pore changes follow the principle of pore homogenization; large pores are destroyed and transformed into small pores, causing the porosity of reinforced soil to decrease faster and be less porous than unreinforced soil. This research can provide technical reference for the engineering application of palm fiber-reinforced soil.