Principles Of Construction Research Articles

The Use of Multi-Probe Modulated Laser Radiation for the Identification of Substances' Clots in the Fluid Flow

Modern tools of water supply systems monitoring at enterprises or in the housing sector use laser liquid sensing systems. In this case, as a rule, laboratory analyses of the obtained liquid samples are used, as well as spectral analysis methods when scanning the liquid with light for different wavelengths. These approaches do not allow for real-time analysis of a moving fluid flow (flow analysis). The paper considers a version for constructing of a system for online detecting and identifying emergency clots of pollutants in a liquid stream using laser radiation. The basic principles of the system construction, the block diagram of the system structure and parameters for identification of clots of substances under study flowing in the pipelines of the sewage or water treatment system at industrial enterprises are given. When constructing the system, several wavelengths of laser radiation are used, simultaneously directed to the one point of the studied clot of the studied fluid flow. Light wavelengths are determined at the stage of preparation for the study. At this initial stage of the process, optical transmission spectra of substances that are a priori possible in the studied fluid flow are analyzed. The main criterion for wavelengths choose is difference in substances optical transmission spectra at the se selected wavelengths. For the possibility of technical separation of signals at different wavelengths of the emitting radiation, the radiation fluxes are modulated. Creation of standards for identification substances in fluid flow clusters is carried out in the form of lattice functions containing the components of the substance optical transmission spectrum at certain wavelengths of laser radiation. Modulation of radiation is proposed to be carried out by controlling the pumping of each emitters of the system. The proposed system will find application in the oil and gas, processing industry, water filtration and purification systems, industrial enterprises and agricultural processing enterprises.

Strategies in design of self-propelling hybrid micro/nanobots for bioengineering applications.

Micro/nanobots are integrated devices developed from engineered nanomaterials that have evolved significantly over the past decades. They can potentially be pre-programmed to operate robustly at numerous hard-to-reach organ/tissues/cellular sites for multiple bioengineering applications such as early disease diagnosis, precision surgeries, targeted drug delivery, cancer therapeutics, bio-imaging, biomolecules isolation, detoxification, bio-sensing, and clearing up clogged arteries with high soaring effectiveness and minimal exhaustion of power. Several techniques have been introduced in recent years to develop programmable, biocompatible, and energy-efficient micro/nanobots. Therefore, the primary focus of most of these techniques is to develop hybrid micro/nanobots that are an optimized combination of purely synthetic or biodegradable bots suitable for the execution of user-defined tasks more precisely and efficiently. Recent progress has been illustrated here as an overview of a few of the achievable construction principles to be used to make biomedical micro/nanobots and explores the pivotal ventures of nanotechnology-moderated development of catalytic autonomous bots. Furthermore, it is also foregrounding their advancement offering an insight into the recent trends and subsequent prospects, opportunities, and challenges involved in the accomplishments of the effective multifarious bioengineering applications.

The history and prehistory of Asian free reed instruments

The free reed pipes and mouth organs are among the most significant indigenous musical instruments of East and Southeast Asia. The origin and development of these instruments involve the history and prehistory of a multitude of ethnic groups. The basic principles of operation and construction of the free reed are simple, and it seems likely that similar instruments may have had multiple places and times of origin. A number of examples of these instruments, ranging from very simple to fairly complex. These include mouth resonated lamellophones, a single free reed coupled to a bamboo pipe or buffalo horn resonator, a reed pipe with multiple s finger holes, and multipipe mouth organs. These instruments have traditionally been constructed with very simple tools using natural materials, primarily bamboo and wood. Bamboo is often still used for the reeds as well as the pipes, although metal reeds have been common for some time.

High resolution 0.5mm isotropic T1-weighted and diffusion tensor templates of the brain of non-demented older adults in a common space for the MIITRA atlas

High quality, high resolution T1-weighted (T1w) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) brain templates located in a common space can enhance the sensitivity and precision of template-based neuroimaging studies. However, such multimodal templates have not been constructed for the older adult brain. The purpose of this work which is part of the MIITRA atlas project was twofold: (A) to develop 0.5 mm isotropic resolution T1w and DTI templates that are representative of the brain of non-demented older adults and are located in the same space, using advanced multimodal template construction techniques and principles of super resolution on data from a large, diverse, community cohort of 400 non-demented older adults, and (B) to systematically compare the new templates to other standardized templates. It was demonstrated that the new MIITRA-0.5mm T1w and DTI templates are well-matched in space, exhibit good definition of brain structures, including fine structures, exhibit higher image sharpness than other standardized templates, and are free of artifacts. The MIITRA-0.5mm T1w and DTI templates allowed higher intra-modality inter-subject spatial normalization precision as well as higher inter-modality intra-subject spatial matching of older adult T1w and DTI data compared to other available templates. Consequently, MIITRA-0.5mm templates allowed detection of smaller inter-group differences for older adult data compared to other templates. The MIITRA-0.5mm templates were also shown to be most representative of the brain of non-demented older adults compared to other templates with submillimeter resolution. The new templates constructed in this work constitute two of the final products of the MIITRA atlas project and are anticipated to have important implications for the sensitivity and precision of studies on older adults.

The Principle of Construction of an Automated System for Monitoring and Diagnostics of Wayside Devices of Railroad Automation and Telemechanics

The Principle of Construction of an Automated System for Monitoring and Diagnostics of Wayside Devices of Railroad Automation and Telemechanics

Information technologies of application architecture`s IT services

The development of the System Architecture of the IT infrastructure focused on the usage of modern Data Centers is considered. The purpose of the research is to develop a strategy for the development of the System Architecture of the IT infrastructure based on the usage of advanced methodologies and concepts of leading manufacturer’s hardware and software. The following principle of IT infrastructure construction is formulated: IT infrastructure architectures define a set of services. IT services are provided to three groups of clients. IT services and clients are connected by 5 implementation scenarios. The integration of IT services is determined by 5 architectures. As IT services, we understand information technologies aimed at maintaining the following elements in technically good condition: network devices, computing equipment, data storage devices, automatic software deployment services, network services, perimeter protection services, directory services, file and print services, data management services, business application services, IT management services, archiving and recovery services, certificate management services, integration services. Architectures define the fundamental principles of building IT services and their relationship. One of the most important architectures is the architecture of software applications. The architecture of software applications is determined by the business needs of the corporation and the approaches, methods of creating applications by a specific developer. It defines the execution environment for applications, mechanisms of communication between applications and components, tools for controlling the application and managing its state, as well as storage for structured and unstructured data types. Tasks of the architecture: to provide an environment for the execution of application components; support dispatching mechanisms for communications between application components; implement tools for monitoring the level of services and diagnosing problems; provide storage of structured and unstructured information. Standardization of the application architecture allows you to minimize costs associated with the support of several types of architectures, each for a specific type of business application.

Разработка синхронного детектора для измерения сопротивлений наноструктур

This paper presents a circuit which is used to measure the resistances of nanostruc-tures and describes the principle of its operation. Next, stated a problem in the opera-tion of this circuit and presented a method for solving this problem. The main goal of the work was to develop a lock-in for measuring current values in a four-wire circuit for measuring the resistance of nanostructures. The text reveals the basic principles of construction of lock-in amplifiers, its nuances and functions and where they can be used. The schemes of the device itself, its components are also given. The main purpose of this paper is to convey information on how lock-in amplifiers are work how they can be made and what they require for proper functioning. At the end of the article, the characteristics of the developed lock-in are presented and graphs illustrating the operation of each part of it are given.

Study on Community Detection Method for Morning and Evening Peak Shared Bicycle Trips in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Six Districts in Beijing

Examining the clustering characteristics and fluctuations within urban areas during peak hours through the lens of bike-sharing is of utmost importance in the optimization of bike-sharing systems and urban transportation planning. This investigation adopts the principles of urban spatial interaction network construction and employs streets as the fundamental units of analysis to model bike-sharing activities during morning and evening peak hours within Beijing’s six central districts. Subsequent to this, a comprehensive analysis of the network’s structural attributes was carried out. A Walktrap method, rooted in modularity analysis, was introduced to discern and scrutinize the clustering patterns and characteristics of communities within the network across different temporal intervals. Empirical findings reveal a predominant usage pattern of shared bicycles for short-distance travel during both morning and evening peak hours. Notably, distinctive community structures manifest during these periods, characterized by two large communities and multiple smaller ones during the morning peak, while the evening peak showcases a single large community alongside several medium-sized and smaller ones. Moreover, the extended interaction radius points to an expanded geographic range of interactions among streets. These findings bear significant implications for the management of urban transportation, bike-sharing enterprises, and urban residents, proffering valuable insights for the optimization of bike-sharing schemes and transportation strategies. These research findings not only contribute to enhancing urban transportation planning and bike-sharing systems but also provide robust guidance for advancing more efficient and sustainable urban transportation solutions, thereby fostering the sustainable development of cities.

Superhydrophobic Flexible Strain Sensors Constructed Using Nanomaterials: Their Fabrications and Sustainable Applications.

Superhydrophobic flexible strain sensors, which combine superhydrophobic coatings with highly sensitive flexible sensors, significantly enhance sensor performance and expand applications in human motion monitoring. Superhydrophobic coatings provide water repellency, surface self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, and anti-fouling properties for the sensors. Additionally, they enhance equipment durability. At present, many studies on superhydrophobic flexible sensors are still in the early research stage; the wear resistance and stability of sensors are far from reaching the level of industrial application. This paper discusses fundamental theories such as the wetting mechanism, tunneling effect, and percolation theory of superhydrophobic flexible sensors. Additionally, it reviews commonly used construction materials and principles of these sensors. This paper discusses the common preparation methods for superhydrophobic flexible sensors and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each method to identify the most suitable approach. Additionally, this paper summarizes the wide-ranging applications of the superhydrophobic flexible sensor in medical health, human motion monitoring, anti-electromagnetic interference, and de-icing/anti-icing, offering insights into these fields.

From Laboratory to Gallery: Transfer of Construction Principles of Scientific Knowledge into Works of Science-Art

Science-art is seen as an artistic practice that uses scientific theories, concepts and laboratory equipment as its main tools, and the creative method of artists is based on the principles of scientific experimentation. Using the methods of the sociology of science and technology of B. Latour and S. Woolgar to study science-art, it is found that scientific experimentation becomes the basis (medium) of this direction of contemporary art. Thus, science-art borrows not only material objects of the scientific world, but also ways of constructing scientific knowledge, which, according to B. Latour’s research, are hidden in the specifics of laboratory practices. Key in this case are “recording techniques”, which replace various data, diagrams, samples and materials in the production of scientific knowledge, and which become an argument in academic discussions. For science-art, the analogue of such written documents are curatorial texts and explications of works, which can be placed both directly in the exhibition space and form a complex system of references to various research materials, interviews with scholars, podcasts, etc. These texts and media texts allow us to use them in the exhibition space. These texts and media texts allow the viewer to perceive the context of the artist’s creative experiment and form a specific artistic complex “artobject — text — audience”. Together with laboratory practices, science-art brings the art and mechanics of constructing scientific knowledge into the sphere of art, unwittingly fulfilling popularizing and educational tasks. However, the conceptual complexity of the works and the focus on the process of scientific investigation rather than on the presentation of results bring back to the viewer the doubt of philosophical quest and a critical view of scientific research as basic elements of academic enquiry.

Immobilization of Enzyme Electrochemical Biosensors and Their Application to Food Bioprocess Monitoring.

Electrochemical biosensors based on immobilized enzymes are among the most popular and commercially successful biosensors. The literature in this field suggests that modification of electrodes with nanomaterials is an excellent method for enzyme immobilization, which can greatly improve the stability and sensitivity of the sensor. However, the poor stability, weak reproducibility, and limited lifetime of the enzyme itself still limit the requirements for the development of enzyme electrochemical biosensors for food production process monitoring. Therefore, constructing sensing technologies based on enzyme electrochemical biosensors remains a great challenge. This article outlines the construction principles of four generations of enzyme electrochemical biosensors and discusses the applications of single-enzyme systems, multi-enzyme systems, and nano-enzyme systems developed based on these principles. The article further describes methods to improve enzyme immobilization by combining different types of nanomaterials such as metals and their oxides, graphene-related materials, metal-organic frameworks, carbon nanotubes, and conducting polymers. In addition, the article highlights the challenges and future trends of enzyme electrochemical biosensors, providing theoretical support and future perspectives for further research and development of high-performance enzyme chemical biosensors.

Stationary nonseparable space-time covariance functions on networks

Abstract The advent of data science has provided an increasing number of challenges with high data complexity. This paper addresses the challenge of space-time data where the spatial domain is not a planar surface, a sphere, or a linear network, but a generalised network (termed a graph with Euclidean edges). Additionally, data are repeatedly measured over different temporal instants. We provide new classes of stationary nonseparable space-time covariance functions where space can be a generalised network, a Euclidean tree, or a linear network, and where time can be linear or circular (seasonal). Because the construction principles are technical, we focus on illustrations that guide the reader through the construction of statistically interpretable examples. A simulation study demonstrates that the correct model can be recovered when compared to misspecified models. In addition, our simulation studies show that we effectively recover simulation parameters. In our data analysis, we consider a traffic accident dataset that shows improved model performance based on covariance specifications and network-based metrics.

PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION, POSSIBILITIES AND EXPERIENCE OF TESTING THE SOFTWARE
 MODULE "HYDRAULIC (VERIFICATION) CALCULATION OF GAS PIPELINES"

Reliable and efficient operation of gas distribution pipeline systems is ensured, among other things, through
 the use of automated information systems that have the functions of monitoring and supporting work performed, situational
 analysis, forecasting the modes and conditions of gas distribution systems. An important component that ensures
 the flexibility and speed of development of gas supply systems is the modeling of operating modes of existing gas distribution
 pipeline systems in order to determine the technical capabilities and find the optimal connection points for future
 gas consumers.
 
 The article highlights the principles of construction and the possibilities of an innovative digital product created
 in the period of 2021–2022 – the software module "Hydraulic (verification) calculation of gas pipelines", integrated
 into the Unified Automated System of the State Production Association for Fuel and Gasification "Beltopgaz".

Methodology for Designing Cyber-Physical Multi-Operation Robot Systems Operating in the Conditions of Digital Robust Control

Abstract The article proposes an original interdisciplinary approach to the design and construction of cyber-physical robot systems for mechanical processing. From a methodological aspect, the goal is the unification of modeling/synthesis and simulation software of a robot system for mechanical processing operating under the conditions of digital robust control. The system includes industrial robots; modules for implementing technological operations and transport systems. Adherence to the principle of modular construction, reconfiguration, and multi-operation ensures high flexibility and quick response when readjusting the system, and the optimization criteria – minimizing idle moves of the robot, leads to a reduction in the work cycle. The robust control, simultaneously in the instrumental, configurational, and system direction, is a counteraction in the mode of uncertainty, both to external signal disturbances and to possible constantly acting, system reparametrizing factors. This creates prerequisites for maintaining and implementing in online mode both the technological and geometric parameters of the details processed.

Study on combustion and emission characteristics of a micro‐rotary cam internal combustion engine

AbstractIn this article, the construction principle of rotary engine and sliding vane internal combustion engine is carefully analyzed, and the concept of micro‐rotary cam internal combustion engine is proposed by integrating and innovating on them. Overall design, theoretical analysis, and model making of miniature rotary cam internal combustion engine and its supporting system. The effects of different air intake modes and different ignition advance angles on the combustion and emission characteristics of internal combustion engines were studied. Through the study of the flow field, combustion and emission characteristics of small rotating internal combustion engines, it is found that the intake form has a great influence on the cylinder smoothness of rotating internal combustion engines. The vortex formed by the end cover inlet air in the middle of the combustion chamber can fully mix the fuel and air in the cylinder, and the mixture is evenly distributed in the combustion chamber to effectively promote the spread of flame. Compared with the surrounding air intake structure, the heat release should be increased by 4.3%, and the total amount of HC and CO generated was 26.8% and 15.7% less, respectively. By studying the turbulent kinetic energy, combustion heat release, peak temperature and pressure in the cylinder, fuel consumption rate and emission characteristics of small rotary internal combustion engine, it is found that when the ignition advance angle of the small rotating internal combustion engine is 5°, the peak pressure in the cylinder is increased by 2.3% compared with other schemes, the fuel consumption rate is high, and the combustion is more complete. In addition, in terms of emission characteristics, the amount of CO and HC generated when the ignition advance angle is 5° are reduced by 35% and 35.3%, respectively.

VOLODYMYR VERNADSKYI’S CONCEPT OF EDUCATION

The article analyzes the essence of such terms as: "concept", "education", "higher education", "scientific outlook", "noosphere", "noosphere pedagogy", "planetary thinking" in the context of the views of Volodymyr Vernadskyi. The main aspects of the pedagogical activity of V. Vernadskyi, his ideas regarding the composition of higher education and its role in the existence of society, the preservation of life on Earth are disclosed. The ideas of V. Vernadskyi regarding the higher school as a system in which the formation of a scientific worldview and thought, as determining in the life of mankind, assimilation of universal human culture, takes place; V. Vernadskyi’s concepts of formation of worldview values of young people, as well as the substantiation of a holistic picture of the world, the interdependence of man, nature and society are analyzed in the article; also, author has reviewed the opinion regarding higher education as the main tool and a powerful factor in the spiritual development of humanity and the achievement of the noospheric stage of social development and an important factor in preserving the national identity of Ukraine. Moreover, new scientific approaches to the organization of education, the leading role of universities in the implementation of its strategic tasks, the maximum use of the potential of higher education are substantiated.
 The essence of the concept and the main directions of noosphere pedagogy, the principles of construction and its role in national education, in the creation of a world community without war, and the preservation of the planet Earth are characterized. The importance of science in the implementation of the noosphere concept, which involves the fulfillment of a number of natural, socio-economic and political conditions, the formation of a new biosocial existence of humanity, is reflected. It is emphasized that science becomes the main spiritual tool of the noosphere if it is fixed in the state structure as an important social, artistic, and material phenomenon, that the strengthening of the importance of science in the state inevitably leads to the democratization of all spheres of the state system.

Surplus of Form

Excess of matter in form designates the principle that underlies architecture. The surplus of form contains not only a constructive principle, but also an aesthetic principle that enables sensual experience. In the coupling of construction and sensual experience, the basic prerequisites for the aesthetics of architecture are thus named, but at the same time also the difficulties with which architecture is confronted within philosophical aesthetics. For Kant, it was precisely the object character that stood in the way of an architectural aesthetics as part of a general aesthetics. For him, only the architectural drawing, because detached from matter, construction, and function, could meet the criteria of the beautiful, and that only as a façade view and not as a ground plan or sectional drawing. With reference to Aristotle, Kant and Schopenhauer and an outlook on contemporary architecture, the essay outlines the principles of an aesthetics of architecture as it is to be developed out of the specific material conditions of architecture and has its starting point in the surplus of form.

ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК МОБІЛЬНИХ ЗАСОБІВ МЕТРОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ

A comparative analysis of the characteristics of portable calibrators with different principles of construction of chan-nels for reproducing mode parameters of the electric network was carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of channels using current and voltage power output transformers are shown. It is proposed to combine the functions of impulse conversion and galvanic isolation in the channel of reproducing the mode parameters of the electric network. The advantages of transformerless channels for reproducing the mode parameters of the electric network are shown. The principle of operation of the devices is described, the structural diagrams and formulas reflecting the processes in the relevant circuits are given. The photo and characteristics of the calibrators of mode parameters of the electric net-work based on transformer and transformerless reproduction channels are given. Ref. 8, fig. 4, tables 2.

Advances in using adaptive laboratory evolution technology for engineering of photosynthetic cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, which have potential to serve as "autotrophic cell factories". However, the synthesis of biofuels and chemicals using cyanobacteria as chassis are suffered from poor stress tolerance and low yield, resulting in low economic feasibility for industrial production. Thus, it's urgent to construct new cyanobacterial chassis by means of synthetic biology. In recent years, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) has made great achievements in chassis engineering, including optimizing growth rate, increasing tolerance, enhancing substrate utilization and increasing product yield. ALE has also made some progress in improving the tolerance of cyanobacteria to high light intensity, heavy metal ions, high concentrations of salt and organic solvents. However, the engineering efficiency of ALE strategy in cyanobacteria is generally low, and the molecular mechanisms underpinning the tolerance to various stresses have not been fully elucidated. To this end, this review summarizes the ALE-associated technical strategies and their applications in cyanobacteria chassis engineering, following by discussing how to construct larger ALE mutation library, increase mutation frequency of strains and shorten evolution time. Moreover, exploration of the construction principles and strategies for constructing multi-stress tolerant cyanobacteria, and efficient analysis the mutant libraries of evolved strains as well as construction of strains with high yield and strong robustness are discussed, with the aim to facilitate the engineering of cyanobacteria chassis and the application of engineered cyanobacteria in the future.

Constructing shadowed set based on game analysis of uncertainty and decision cost

As a three-way approximation scheme to deal with fuzzy set, shadowed set approximately divides fuzzy objects with uncertainty into elevated, reduced, and shadow areas by a pair of decision thresholds α,β, thus effectively reducing the uncertainty of information. However, the current construction of shadowed set is all based on a single principle, lacking the comprehensive consideration of multiple principles, and these construction principles focus on the rationality of semantic interpretation of model construction process and threshold determination, and lack of consideration of the validity of partition results. To resolve these issues, this paper proposes a new shadowed set model through the game analysis between uncertainty and decision cost (UC-GTSS). First, Combining shadowed set construction with game theory, UC-GTSS is proposed based on game competition mechanism. Through the game analysis of uncertainty and decision cost, the optimal α,β is found, and a game payoff fusion algorithm based on Topsis is proposed. Second, the definition of UC-GTSS model expression, game player, strategy, payoff function, equilibrium analysis, optimization α,β determination and the influence of model parameters are analyzed and discussed. Third, the UC-GTSS model is extended and discussed based on the validity of the partition results, such as the game between approximate classification accuracy and coverage, the game between the Gini coefficient of the partition areas. Finally, through the analysis of algorithms, instances and data experiments, the construction process, validity, and rationality of UC-GTSS and its extended model are demonstrated.