Principles Of Health Care Research Articles

HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE HEALTH CARE WORKERS’ LEGAL STATUS DEVELOPMENT

The article is devoted to historical and legal analysis of the health care workers’ legal status development. The paper analyses the beginning of the establishment of the first rules of behavior and professional responsibilities of medical workers in Ukraine, as well as regulations governing the legal status of medical workers in different years in Ukraine. It has been emphasized on the importance of research in the context of the modern health sector reforms for the formation of its directions of implementation.
 The administrative and legal status of a medical worker makes it possible to determine their place and role in public administration and other public relations. The rights and responsibilities of health care workers are of great scientific and practical importance, especially in view of the ongoing health care reform processes in the country. In view of this, it is important to study the peculiarities of the formation of certain rights and responsibilities of medical workers, which constitute their current legal status, over a significant period of the Ukrainian history.

Access To Healthcare as A Fundamental Right or Privilege?

Right to health is a government obligation to provide its citizens with necessary medical services regardless of their ability to pay. The right to health requires the state to develop policies and action plans to achieve accessible health care. Ensuring access to healthcare services is an important social responsibility; because of its socio-economic nature, demand for it often carries not only individual but also social aspects that need to be considered and requires the consolidation of consumer funds. Peculiarities of the medical market such as health risk and uncertainty, incomplete information, limited competition, external effects, production of public goods, lead to special forms of economic relations in the medical market, which requires the development of appropriate regulatory mechanisms. In countries, where an individual’s financial contribution to health care does not depend on his or her health risk, there is a principle of universal health care, which covers the entire population. Human is a higher social capital for whom health care is considered a right and not a privilege not only for humanistic and moral reasons, but also for rational, utilitarian approaches, as universal access benefits both the individual and society as it increases labor productivity.

A Healthcare Providers View: Taking the Covid Vaccine - A Selfish or Selfless Act?

Healthcare practitioners take an oath to do-no-harm to those we serve and help to protect against health illnesses. The Covid-19 virus is an illness that has potential deadly consequences. With the development of the Covid-19 vaccine there is new found hope against this deadly virus. Taking the vaccine is a personal choice but providers must weight their personal feelings against those sworn duties to help treat and protect the public and society at large. Taking the vaccine is a selfless act and one that upholds these health care values and principles to support neighbors, communities, and society as a whole.

On the organization of an educational experimental-indicative single dispensary at the medical institute

At the current stage of development of Soviet medicine, the most urgent and urgent task is to create a network of unified dispensaries designed to implement socialist principles in health care.

Practices of patient participation: Getting a turn during hospital ward rounds

Patient participation is a fundamental principle in modern Western health care, but not necessarily simple to achieve. During hospital ward rounds, patient participation is further hindered by the multi-party nature of the encounter: at times, members of the medical team talk with each other rather than with the patient. This article examines patients’ opportunities to participate in ward round conversations when the patient is not the addressed recipient. The data consist of 3 hours of video-recorded ward rounds in a Finnish hospital. Using conversation analysis, we study patients’ practices for getting a turn in different sequential environments. The patients monitor the ongoing conversation and exploit its sequential organisation by producing responsive turns and repair initiations, thus becoming active participants. They also produce their own initiatives, although sequential and multimodal constraints affect their possibilities for modifying the participation framework. The results of this study can be exploited to promote patient participation.

Clean-AR: Using Augmented Reality for Reducing the Risk of Contamination from Airborne Disease Agents on Surfaces

Abstract A core principle of modern health care is the compliance of hygienic and aseptic techniques in areas that are sensitive to contamination through bacteria, dust, aerosols, and fallout, primarily in operating theatres or around patients with contagious diseases. Keeping track of potentially contaminated surfaces in an environment is a major concern, especially when protecting from COVID-19. This work proposes a novel concept in using 3D sensing technology to track human movement within an indoor area and identifying high-risk contaminated surfaces in real-time. It combines recent Augmented Reality display technology, which allows keeping track of decontaminated surfaces during the cleaning process using an interactive visualization method. The proposed concept of Clean- AR is implemented in a clinical environment used for observation in COVID-19 scenarios. We discuss key challenges and outline further research direction in effectively reducing the risk of contamination using the proposed concept.

Lifestyle and Health promotional Guidelines in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients from the Viewpoint of Persian Medicine

Introduction: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder. Considering its unknown etiology, the aim of IBS treatment is to control symptoms, and most patients are dissatisfied with current treatments. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized, in its latest announcement in this regard, on the safe and effective use of traditional and complementary medicine in the health structures of countries The aim of the present study was to investigate the lifestyle of IBS patients from the perspective of Persian Medicine. Methods: This is a library study. At first symptoms of IBS were first studied in databases and reference books of classical medicine and their Persian equivalents were extracted from PM sources. Then, we explained the total etiologies that were discussed for the occurrence of the causes, with respect to the principles of health care in PM. finally collected information was categorized and analyzed. Results: Iranian physicians have presented their views on health preservation and disease prevention in the form of the six core principles. The influence of diet and lifestyle, sleep disturbances, eating habits, and physical activity have been found to be effective in causing this disease. Discussion: Many of the guidelines given by PM for preservation and restoration of health are incorporated into lifestylerelated topics. Some of these recommendations and guidelines such as sleep, exercise, regular meals, and treatment of mental disorders have been supported with a number of new studies. Conclusion: Introducing PM strategies to control the symptoms or treatment of IBS may provide researchers with new clues.

Principles for virtual health care to deliver real equity in diabetes

Health care in the USA is inequitable. The consequence of inequity is that the burden of diabetes falls disproportionately on populations with heath disparities.1 The current state of US health care is a legacy of a system created to accommodate cost shifting in a for-profit environment against a backdrop of wealth inequality, policy gaps, and a diaspora with varying needs. One unforeseen effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has been the acceleration of virtual health care. Perhaps unsurprisingly, virtual health care at present is also inequitable.

An Analysis of Cost of Attending Medical Education in Nepal

The purpose of this paper is to investigate cost of attending medical education (MBBS) in Nepal provided by twenty public and private medical colleges affiliated to Tribhuvan University (TU) and Kathmandu University (KU) along with BP Koirala Institute of Health Science (BPKIHS) and Patan Academy of Health Science (PAHS). The basic objectives of the paper are to analyze the costs of attendance (CoA) and its determinants of MBBS education in public and private colleges of Nepal, Primary cost survey upon twenty medical colleges was utilized to gather the cost related data. Four admission cycles (2015-2018) of MBBS students were used for the study. It further revealed differential cost of attendance within universities and within public and private medical colleges. Cost of attendance varies from NRs. 4.3 to 6.1 million and it grew minimum 2.02 percent to maximum 6.4 percent. MBBS education in private medical colleges in Nepal is more expensive than public colleges. It should be made affordable, accessible and reformed on the basis of basic principle of quality health care and health education.

МНЕНИЕ ПАЦИЕНТОВ О ПОЛНОТЕ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРИНЦИПОВ ОХРАНЫ ЗДОРОВЬЯ ГРАЖДАН В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

In the context of civil society development, citizens themselves have an important place in controlling the full implementation of rights. One of the principles of health is the "priority of child health." A study was conducted to examine the views of patients on the implementation of the principles of health care in the Russian Federation. The basis of the study was children's clinics. The sample total, formed by the method of random selection among those who applied to the clinic within a month, amounted to 1,250 mothers. The collection of information was carried out by the method of sociological survey on a specially compiled questionnaire. It has been established that in public health children face a formal attitude, lack of infrastructure of health care, and need legal assistance. The survey showed that the principle of "priority of children's health" declared by the state has some problems in practical implementation, both in the health sector and in the part of non-health-related entities. It has been established that in public health, mothers of children, as their legal representatives, often face a formal attitude, lack of infrastructure of health care, and experience an unrealized need for legal assistance. The general problems of reducing accessibility are the lack of necessary specialists, long waits for admission, but for single-parent families more significant than for full families is the factor of time of admission of specialists. The findings provided the basis for the following proposals to improve the implementation of the principle of "priority of child health": 1. It is necessary to ensure that the public is informed widely and multi-channel about the directions and measures taken by the state (programs, plans, activities, legislation) to ensure the implementation of the principle of "priority of child health"." Public monitoring should be established with the participation of civil society representatives of the degree of practical implementation of the principle of "priority of child health" by public bodies and officials. 3. Create the conditions for public discussion of specific measures to improve the implementation of the "priority of child health" principle. To make information more accessible to parents raising children, provide additional distance counseling and information opportunities through the Internet.

Primary Hypothyroidism in Adults Based on Jorjani's View Point of the Book “Zakhire Kharazmshahi”

Objective: The prevalence of primary hypothyroidism is increasing in adults (PHTA), and the reduction in the threshold for treatment and also the requirement to increase drug usage are major problems in approaching this disorder. Persian Medicine (PM) looks from a different view on etiology of diseases. Therefore, we tried to present the etiologies of PHTA according to an important book of PM i.e. “Zakhire Kharazmshahi”. Method: At first, the common symptoms and signs of PHTA were identified by investigating the Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and their Persian equivalents were extracted from PM sources. These synonyms were searched as keywords in the book and the primary causes that were mentioned in association with the signs and symptoms were extracted. Then, we explained the total etiologies that were discussed for the occurrence of the causes, with respect to the principles of health care in PM. Results: "Cold distemperament", an increase in "Phlegmatic Humor ", an increase in "Melancholic Humor" and "Emtela" (repletion) were recognized as four main causes of PHTA. According to the book, the most important etiologies of these conditions are insufficient exercise, overeating, food intake before total stomach emptying and excessive amounts of cold temperament substances (foods, herbs, seeds, spices, etc.) in daily diet. Conclusion: From the viewpoint of PM, lifestyle spatially eating habits and physical activity play important causative roles in occurring and prognosis of PHTA. Hence, it is recommended to assess these results by more observations and clinical studies.

The Importance of Spirituality for Women Facing Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Qualitative Study.

Breast cancer remains significantly distressing and produces profound changes in women’s lives. Spirituality is an important resource at the time of diagnosis and treatment decisions. This qualitative study aimed to explore the spiritual experience of women diagnosed with breast cancer and the considerations of spirituality in health care using the existential phenomenology approach. The sampling procedure was intentional, based on the study’s exclusion and inclusion criteria. Forty women participated in individual interviews. The research was conducted in the outpatient clinic of a reference federal university hospital in South-Eastern Brazil. Throughout the research process, ethical principles were carefully followed. Five themes were identified: (1) meaning of spirituality–source of spiritual strength, (2) well-being in the relationship with God, (3) well-being in religious fellowship, (4) values and purpose of life–meaning in life, and (5) spirituality as a foundation to continue. Respect for patient’s spiritual values was recognised as a fundamental principle in health care. Spirituality was revealed as a source of support during the complex process of being diagnosed with breast cancer. Thus, health care professionals that value and encourage spirituality are needed, favouring better patient response to the diagnosis.

PHILOSOPHICAL AND THEOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF JOHN HARVEY KELLOGG IN RELATION TO THE PRINCIPLES OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

Examining the ideas of the Living Temple, it was found that it contains a description of the principles of health according to which it is necessary to take care of the human body. According to Kellogg, the stated principles of health care are in harmony with the laws of nature and the Bible. The title of the book reflects the core and essence of Kellogg's philosophy, which calls the human body a "living temple." Kellogg based this concept on the words of the Apostle Paul: "Your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit" (1 Corinthians 6:19). Kellogg was convinced that a man living in a civilized environment had departed far from the divine ideal that was originally proposed for the comfortable life of man.

"Why did our baby die soon after birth?"-Lessons on neonatal death in rural Cambodia from the perspective of caregivers.

Neonatal deaths represent around half the deaths of children less than five-years old in Cambodia. The process from live birth to neonatal death has not been well described. This study aimed to identify problems in health care service which hamper the reduction of preventable neonatal deaths in rural Cambodia. This study adopted a method of qualitative case study design using narrative data from the verbal autopsy standard. Eighty and forty villages were randomly selected from Kampong Cham and Svay Rieng provinces, respectively. All households in the target villages were visited between January and February 2017. Family caregivers were asked to describe their experiences on births and neonatal deaths between 2015 and 2016. Information on the process from birth to death was extracted with open coding, categorized, and summarized into several groups which represent potential problems in health services. Among a total of 4,142 children born in 2015 and 2016, 35 neonatal deaths were identified. Of these deaths, 74% occurred within one week of birth, and 57% were due to low-birth weight. Narrative data showed that three factors should be improved, 1) the unavailability of a health-care professional, 2) barriers in the referral system, and 3) lack of knowledge and skill to manage major causes of neonatal deaths. The current health system has limitations to achieve further reduction of neonatal deaths in rural Cambodia. The mere deployment of midwives at fixed service points such as health centers could not solve the problems occurring in rural communities. Community engagement revisiting the principle of primary health care, as well as health system transformation, is the key to the solution and potential breakthrough for the future.

Framing inclusion: The media treatment of irregular immigrants' right to health care in Spain

With the passing of Royal Decree-Law 16/2012, Spain's national health system switched from a model defined by universal and free health care principles, to a private insurance system that excluded large population groups. Based on a qualitative research design, this paper examines the media treatment of undocumented immigrants’ prerogatives to public health care in Spain (2012–2018). The analysis of 234 articles, drawn from three major Spanish newspapers, reveals three frames that underscore the media's "rhetorics of inclusion," which argue for the extension of free medical services to irregular immigrantsa topic traditionally underestimated by the literature. The moralist frame, supported by social justice arguments, is found in tandem with the cost-benefit frame that advocates for immigrants’ health care access as a means for containing medical expenses. The overall predominance of the legalist frame largely relies on arguments that reflect a Spanish political culture rooted in the universality of health rights.

Biotensegrity Is Needed in Athletic Training Professional Education

Context Tensegrity is a structural-organization model initially described in the architecture and design fields. By applying tensegrity design principles to biological structures, scientists have developed biotensegrity to explain a complex systems-on-systems structural-organization philosophy for integrated human movements. Objective To provide a brief historical overview of tensegrity and biotensegrity principles, including recommendations and benefits for integrating these structural models into athletic training education. Background Tensegrity and biotensegrity structures require constant interaction between continuous tension and discontinuous compression elements that connect through focal adhesion points. During the 1970s and 1980s, scientists applied tensegrity concepts to biological organisms to create an integrated model of human structure and interaction. Since then, biotensegrity has grown as an accepted biological structural model capable of explaining complex and integrated human movements. Synthesis By teaching tensegrity and biotensegrity principles, athletic training educators can provide athletic training students with a basic and consistent human body structural model. With this knowledge, students can better comprehend the integrated kinetic chain, including current and future prevention, examination, and rehabilitation paradigms. Results Although absent from the Practice Analysis, seventh edition, and the 2020 Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education curricular content standards, tensegrity and biotensegrity relate to many injury prevention, examination, treatment, and rehabilitation concepts regularly taught in professional athletic training programs. Recommendation(s) Athletic training educators should consider ways to incorporate biotensegrity models into professional athletic training programs to improve critical thinking and whole-person health care principles of athletic training students. Conclusion(s) Integrating tensegrity and biotensegrity principles into professional athletic training programs provides a structural hierarchy of human body organization that athletic training students can apply to a multitude of current and future methodical approaches.

Нейрогенетика мозга: сон и долголетие человека

Human brains are biological, biophysical, neurophysiological and medico-social paradigms of information exchange. Modern communications are multilevel, multi-paradigm and interdisciplinary models of information exchange. The new competencies of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology play a strategic role in interdisciplinary science and interdisciplinary planning and decision-making. The introduction of multi-vector neurotechnologies of artificial intelligence and the principles of digital health care will contribute to the development of modern neuroscience and neuromarketing. Neurogenetics is a center for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research using advanced methods, with the participation of 5P Medicine and 5G technology. Human genome sequencing was an important scientific milestone that revolutionized biology and medicine. The Human Genome Project is a neurogenetic routing from the 20th to the 21st century, numerous discoveries due to the collaboration between discerning clinicians and technically innovative fundamental scientists. Genomic engineering, genome editing and gene editing refer to modifications (inserts, deletions, substitutions) in the genome of a living organism. Modern genome editing is based on clustered regularly alternating short palindromic repeats and associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9). In prokaryotes, CRISPR-Cas9 is an adaptive immune system that naturally protects cells from viral DNA infections. CRISPR-Cas9 has been modified to create a universal genome editing technology that has a wide range of applications in medicine, agriculture and basic gene function research. sleep is the main tool and mechanism in the formation of cognitive memory, its quantitative and qualitative volume, the integration of the transition to a qualitatively new level of self-development and self-improvement, which allows you to create a new intellectual “qualifying mind”. The 21st century Homo sapiens will have the ability to understand physiological and neurophysiological sleep patterns, manage and change their sleep habits. Digitization of sleep is the future for the development of industry, health, science and personalized health.

The status of patient safety culture in nurses of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil, Iran during the outbreak of COVID-19, in 2020

Background and Aim: Patient safety is one of the basic principles of health care and the investigation of patient safety culture is a step towards providing safe conditions for patient care The aim of this study was to evaluate the patient safety culture in nurses working in the care wards of patients with COVID-19 in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil, Iran

We say we are doing primary health care but we're not: Remote area nurses’ perspectives on the challenges of providing primary health care services

BackgroundNurses are essential in global strategies to improve population health. However, there is a paucity of research that describes the application of primary health care from a nursing perspective. Australian remote area nurses work in primary health care clinics which are often the only health care service within the community. Services include acute care response as well as health promotion and public health activities. Question, Hypothesis or AimTo explore the meaning and application of primary health care principles from the perspective of nurses in Australian remote settings. MethodsTelephone interviews were conducted with registered nurses and nurse practitioners working in Australian remote settings using constructivist grounded theory methods during 2014 and 2015. FindingsNurses in remote settings considered primary health care to be an holistic social model of care that included caring for the community as well as the individual. However, they were unable to provide care consistent with their intention due to the resource-poor nature of the remote setting. Inadequate physical resources, limited specialist health services, and a lack of time were found to impact on remote area nurses’ abilities to provide primary health care. DiscussionThis study is unique in its description of a cause of remote area nurse stress as being the inability to provide primary health care in line with their expectations. ConclusionAppropriate resourcing is essential for nurses to be able to provide a comprehensive array of holistic services in line with community-identified need that also reflect their own definitions of primary health care.

The Indigenous primary health care and policy research network: Guiding innovation within primary health care with Indigenous peoples in Alberta

In 2015, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada released its Final Report with 94 Calls to Action, several of which called upon the health care sector to reform based on the principles of reconciliation. In the province of Alberta, Canada, numerous initiatives have arisen to address the health legacy Calls to Action, yet there is no formal mechanism to connect them all. As such, these initiatives have resulted in limited improvements overall. Recognizing the need for clear leadership, responsibility, and dedicated funding, stakeholders from across Alberta were convened in the Spring of 2019 for two full-day roundtable meetings to provide direction for a proposed Canadian Institutes of Health Research Network Environment for Indigenous Health Research that focused on primary health care and policy research. The findings from these roundtable meetings were synthesized and integrated into the foundational principles of the Indigenous Primary Health Care and Policy Research (IPHCPR) Network. The IPHCPR Network has envisioned a renewed and transformed primary health care system to achieve Indigenous health equity, aligned with principles and health legacy Calls to Action advocated by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.