The Importance of Spirituality for Women Facing Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Qualitative Study.

Diva Cristina Morett Romano Leão,Eliane Ramos Pereira,Rose Mary Costa Rosa Andrade Silva,María Paz García-Caro,María Nieves Pérez-Marfil,Renata Carla Nencetti Pereira Rocha,Angelo Braga Mendonça

doi:10.3390/ijerph18126415

Abstract

Breast cancer remains significantly distressing and produces profound changes in women’s lives. Spirituality is an important resource at the time of diagnosis and treatment decisions. This qualitative study aimed to explore the spiritual experience of women diagnosed with breast cancer and the considerations of spirituality in health care using the existential phenomenology approach. The sampling procedure was intentional, based on the study’s exclusion and inclusion criteria. Forty women participated in individual interviews. The research was conducted in the outpatient clinic of a reference federal university hospital in South-Eastern Brazil. Throughout the research process, ethical principles were carefully followed. Five themes were identified: (1) meaning of spirituality–source of spiritual strength, (2) well-being in the relationship with God, (3) well-being in religious fellowship, (4) values and purpose of life–meaning in life, and (5) spirituality as a foundation to continue. Respect for patient’s spiritual values was recognised as a fundamental principle in health care. Spirituality was revealed as a source of support during the complex process of being diagnosed with breast cancer. Thus, health care professionals that value and encourage spirituality are needed, favouring better patient response to the diagnosis.

Highlights

During the analysis of the interviews, five themes were identified, which emerged from the essential meaning of this phenomenon: (1) meaning of spirituality–source of spiritual strength; (2) well-being in the relationship with God; (3) well-being in religious fellowship; (4) values and purpose of life–meaning in life; and (5) spirituality as a foundation to continue (Table 2)
Spirituality was found to be an important resource for women with breast cancer
The different themes unveiled in this study demonstrate a broad spectrum of meanings that make up spirituality; for certain patients, the spiritual dimension presented itself as a new purpose in life and as a way to find it; for others, it was intrinsically linked to the religious context

Summary

Introduction

The diagnosis of breast cancer has proven to be challenging for all affected women, causing different levels of emotional distress [1,2,3,4]. Despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer remains a significantly stressful event, producing psychological distress that can remain elevated for up to a year post-diagnosis. These effects should be recognised because they significantly impact women’s lives negatively [8,9,10,11,12]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion