Principles Of Solidarity Research Articles

UMA ANÁLISE JURÍDICA SOBRE A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DOS FILHOS PARA COM OS PAIS NA TERCEIRA IDADE

Analysis of the phenomenon of emotional abandonment and family neglect from the perspective of civil liability. This work aims to examine the necessity of emotional and material support from children to their elderly parents, emphasizing the importance of family bonds in old age. The methodology employed involves qualitative research, including a review of relevant literature and an analysis of case law that highlights the application of the principle of family solidarity. The investigation concludes that the civil responsibility of children is a crucial instrument for ensuring the dignity and well-being of elderly parents, as the lack of adequate care can lead to legal consequences for the children. This underscores the need for a more attentive approach to family relationships and the promotion of a culture of respect and appreciation for the elderly. This analysis is relevant for understanding rights and obligations within the family context, contributing to the creation of a healthier and fairer environment for all family members

Gereja Katolik dan Pengentasan Pengangguran Pemuda di Era Bonus Demografi

Youth unemployment in Indonesia remains notably high at 9.25%, posing a potential threat to the optimal utilization of the demographic dividend anticipated to peak by 2030. This research seeks to explore how the Catholic Church can contribute to addressing youth unemployment during this critical period. By employing the theoretical framework of Catholic social teaching—focusing on the principles of human dignity, solidarity, and integral justice—the study examines the Church's role, potential, and concrete opportunities in mitigating youth unemployment, and provides recommendations for key programs. A qualitative approach is used, involving a literature review of Catholic social teaching documents and analysis of secondary data. The study's findings suggest that the Catholic Church holds strategic potential through its extensive network of parishes and institutions to assist in resolving the youth unemployment issue. Suggested priority programs include skills training, educational scholarships, job fairs, the establishment of youth empowerment institutions, vocational schools, research centers, and business incubators. Effective cross-sector collaboration is crucial to ensuring that these Church-initiated programs function efficiently and offer long- term benefits to Indonesian youth, helping them seize the opportunities presented by the 2030 demographic bonus. This research adds to the understanding of the potential contributions of religious institutions in addressing contemporary socio-economic challenges and opens avenues for further study on the intersection of religion, public policy, and economic development within the framework of Indonesia‘s demographic dividend.

Crisis of housing cooperatives in Mexico City: A struggle for Palo Alto

This article features a conversation with Luis Márquez Cruz and Fabiola Carrera from the Palo Alto Cooperative, delving into the history and ongoing struggles of one of Mexico City's oldest housing cooperatives. Formed in the 1980s based on principles of solidarity, mutual aid, and self-management, the cooperative provided affordable housing to working-class families. However, changes to cooperative laws in 1994 halted new cooperative projects and shifted government support to private developers. Today, Palo Alto faces internal divisions as some members push for the cooperative's dissolution and sale of property amidst rising real estate prices, while others fight to preserve collective ownership. The article explores the cooperative’s international alliances, political training, and grassroots organizing efforts, highlighting the urgency of defending cooperative housing as an alternative to Mexico City's increasingly commodified and exclusionary housing market.

Changes in opinions on health insurance benefits deservingness in the Netherlands between 2013-2023

Abstract Background In many European countries, including the Netherlands, the healthcare system is financed according to the principles of solidarity. Although people are generally highly supportive of collectively financed healthcare services, some groups are considered more deserving of health insurance benefits than others. Increasing knowledge of the health risks of certain lifestyle choices and pressure on healthcare systems may result in changing opinions on the allocation of resources. Our study looks into changes in citizen’s opinions on the deservingness of different groups between 2013 and 2023. Methods Questionnaires were sent out to samples of 1.500 members of the Dutch Health Care Consumer Panel in 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021, and 2023. Response rates varied between 42% (2015) and 56% (2021). Deservingness was studied by asking respondents about their opinions on the amount of health insurance premium for different, opposing groups, for example older and younger people and those with a healthy and unhealthy lifestyle (group A should pay more, both groups should pay the same amount, or group B should pay more). Multinominal logistic regression models were used to examine changes in deservingness opinions over time. Results Our study showed year-to-year fluctuations in opinions on the premium amount for health insurance for different, opposing groups. However, no distinct increases or decreases were observed over the whole time period. This applies to both the general population and to people who do and do not belong to the different groups. Conclusions Although there are differences in the degree to which groups are considered deserving of health insurance benefits, deservingness opinions were found to be fairly stable in the Netherlands between 2013 and 2023. Our results do not point to increasing support for premium differentiation based on personal characteristics. This suggests that support for solidarity in healthcare financing is not in decline. Key messages • Opinions on the deservingness of health insurance benefits of different groups were found to be fairly stable in the Netherlands between 2013 and 2023. • No evidence of increasing support for premium differentiation based on personal characteristics was found.

O ACESSO À JUSTIÇA, DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL, NO SISTEMA MULTIPORTAS DE RESOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS, NA PERSPECTIVA DA CONSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO EM REDE

The Federal Constitution of 1988 gave rise to new paradigms for the constitutional order. Built on the principles of human dignity and solidarity, it aims to guarantee a fair and supportive society. We sought to analyze how multi-door justice has been implemented in the Brazilian judiciary. The study was carried out through bibliographical research and critical analysis. Thinking about the whole so that each individual can obtain the best result applies both in mediation and in participatory democracy. The multi-port Conflict Resolution system is a mechanism for applying alternative means of conflict. The main difference between self-composition and other appropriate conflict handling methods is procedural speed, because the parties through dialogue are able to resolve their conflict, finding the most appropriate solution for it. The dissemination of the fundamental rights recommended in the Magna Carta to the entire society can contribute to the dissemination of the so-called network constitution, aiming at the democratization not only of access to justice, but also of a more participatory community and consequently integrated in the search for social pacification.

Transplantation: A Priority in the Healthcare Agenda.

In November 2023, in the context of the Spanish Presidency of the Council of the European Union, the Organization National de Transplante organized a global summit discussing global action in transplantation for the next decade. This article reports the recommendations supporting the need to prioritize transplantation in healthcare systems. The working group investigated how transplantation addresses noncommunicable disease mortality, particularly related to kidney and liver disease. They also investigated how transplantation can contribute to the achievement of several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, especially Goal 3 (good health and well-being), Goal 8 (sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth and employment for all), and Goal 13 (combat climate change and its impact). By prioritizing transplantation, the increased availability and accessibility of life-saving organs and tissues to the public will not only lead to saving more lives and improving health outcomes for individual patients but also contribute to the development of a resilient health system in general in that country as a consequence of developing the infrastructure required for transplantation. The ethical principles associated with transplantation promote the principles of solidarity in society by fostering the donation process and equity in access to therapy. This article aims to advocate for the widespread availability of solid organ, tissue, and cell transplantation for all patients.

Inclusive Communities Through Religious Moderation Villages: Study of Literature

Religious moderation is a concept that seeks to promote values of tolerance, affection, and inclusion among different believers in a society. This article aims to explain important aspects of modern society, as it encourages tolerance, respects diversity, and creates an environment that recognizes and respects religious diversity and provides equal opportunities for all individuals without any discrimination based on religion. The method used is the study of literature on the key topics of “religious moderation,” “inclusive society,” and “reliance freedom.” From regular studies, it has been found that inclusive societies, governments, religious institutions, educational institutions, and individuals have a responsibility to participate in efforts to promote religious moderation and build inclusive society. One of the steps that can be taken to form an inclusive society is the implementation of inclusive education approaches, interfaith dialogue, and cross-religious collaborative activities, which can help create societies that respect religious diversity, give equal opportunities to all individuals, and create a prosperous social order. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the need for cooperation to strengthen religious moderation and create an inclusive society based on the principles of solidarity, understanding, and mutual respect in order to disseminate moderate religious education by blending religious principles with universal human values. Keywords: religious moderation, inclusive society, religious education, government policy, digital literacy

Value for solidarity: a proxy for community understanding and acceptance of the basic principles of community-based health insurance in rural Ethiopia

BackgroundSolidarity is an aspect of human association that gives emphasis to the cohesive social bond that holds a group together and is valued and understood by all members of the group. A lack of understanding of the solidarity principle is one of the main reasons for low population coverage in microhealth insurance schemes. This study aimed to examine the extent to which people value solidarity and the factors that explain the differences.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in two districts of northeast Ethiopia among 1232 randomly selected households which have ever been registered in a community-based health insurance scheme. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with household heads using a standardized questionnaire deployed to an electronic data collection platform. Solidarity was measured using three dimensions: income solidarity, risk solidarity, and cost coverage. Principal component analysis was used to construct composite variables, and the reliability of the tools was checked using Cronbach’s alpha. A multivariable analysis was performed using the partial proportional odds model to determine the associations between variables. The degree of association was assessed using the odds ratio, and statistical significance was determined at 95% confidence interval.ResultsThree-quarters (75%) of the respondents rated risk solidarity as high, while 70% and 63% rated income solidarity and cost coverage as high, respectively. Place of residence (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.68, 2.94), wealth index (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.12), self-rated health status (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.40), trust in insurance schemes (AOR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.30), perceived quality of care (AOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.33, 2.31) and frequency of outpatient visits (AOR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.30, 3.24) were significant predictors of value for solidarity.ConclusionsThe community placed greater value for solidarity, indicating community understanding and acceptance of the core principles of microhealth insurance. Administrators of the insurance scheme, health authorities, and other actors should strive to create a transparent management system and improve access to high-quality health care, which will facilitate community acceptance of the insurance scheme and its guiding principles.

Analysis of good practices of social impact measurement: the social balance sheet developed by the Spanish network of the social and solidarity economy

Purpose This study aims to analyse the good practices developed by the Spanish Social and Solidarity Network (one of the leading networks in the country) regarding its social balance sheet, created under the perspective of social and solidarity principles. This social balance sheet is implemented by its members for their self-evaluation. Design/methodology/approach By using a qualitative methodology based on triangulation, which includes a semi-structured interview with the manager of the social audit commission, the main good practices associated with this initiative of social impact measurement are attained. Moreover, two organisations implementing the social balance sheet have been analysed to obtain a complete perspective of the tool and the process developed by the network. Findings The main findings include: the social balance sheet dimensions are based on the social and solidarity principles, which enable companies to analyse the compliance of their activity with their philosophy; cooperation is crucial for the success of the tool; the efforts made by the network involve a range of different behaviours, all shared and published on social networks and the internet for free to diffuse the good practices of social impact measurement. Originality/value This research contributes to the literature on social entrepreneurship and social impact measurement by analysing the good practices regarding a social balance sheet, designed under the social and solidarity philosophy, whose procedure can serve as a reference for any other representative institutions or practitioners. From this view, this initiative can be considered a social innovation itself since it constitutes a step towards transforming society through the quantification of business activity from a more social perspective and through a process of participative governance by all the stakeholders involved.

The Principle of Solidarity – International and EU Law Perspectives Edited by Eva Kassoti and Narin Idriz (The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2023)

The Principle of Solidarity – International and EU Law Perspectives Edited by Eva Kassoti and Narin Idriz (The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2023)

Responsibility and Solidarity Principles in Sharing the Costs of Cleaning a Polluted River

To clean a polluted river, some agents must undertake operations that incur costs. The problem is to determine a fair method to share these expenses among agents. We consider the established methods of Local Responsibility Sharing and Upstream Equal Sharing, based on the responsibility principles of Absolute Territorial Sovereignty and Unlimited Territorial Integrity, respectively. We combine these with Total Solidarity, a method based on a solidarity principle. This yields new cost-sharing methods, which we characterize axiomatically.

Деформації інституту соціального діалогу в Україні як чинник суспільної десолідаризації

It is shown that the effect of solidarity significantly enhances the mobilization potential of society, being applied at all levels of social organization, including the family, territorial community, and the business environment. The authors emphasize that the new social reality in Ukraine, which is being formed in the context of a full-scale Russian invasion, as well as the risk of loss of state integrity and statehood as such, determines the need to lay the basic principles of solidarity based on the coherence of actions of all subjects of social organization in the basis of the ideology of national state-building. The authors reveal the social phenomenon of solidarization as a result of reaching joint agreements and making consolidated decisions on the formation and implementation of the State socio-economic policy, which allowed establishing its close connection with the process of social dialogue. The relevance of the societal dimension of the functioning of the national system of tripartite social partnership in the context of military shocks is substantiated. Within the framework of institutional and comparative methodology, the modern role of tripartite social partnership and the impact of the institution of social dialogue in Ukraine on the processes of its social solidarity in the (pre)war period are revealed. It is proved that social dialogue plays a leading role in addressing issues related to achieving the criteria of decent work, ensuring social guarantees, promoting international labour standards, regulating non-standard forms of employment, ensuring equality in the field of labour, as well as digital and "green" transitions. It is established that the imbalance of interests of the parties to social dialogue in Ukraine is characterized by insufficient protection and lack of guarantees of decent work for employees, on the one hand, and the unmet needs of Ukrainian business for qualified and highly productive labour, on the other. It is emphasized that one of the consequences of this imbalance is the desolidating phenomenon of labour poverty. The authors identify and statistically substantiate the main deformations of the institution of social dialogue in Ukraine, which were formed in the pre-war period. On the basis of specific examples from the period of martial law in Ukraine, the contribution to social solidarity of domestic employers' associations and trade unions is shown. Considering social dialogue as an institutional component of the social contract, the article establishes that the deformed system of social dialogue in Ukraine causes the erosion of its social contract – the framework for solidarity of citizens. It is shown that maintaining a high level of solidarity among the population of Ukraine is important in the context of its official status as an EU candidate country in June 2022. The article summarizes recommendations for solving the problems of social dialogue in Ukraine in the post-war period of reconstructive recovery of the Ukrainian economy, based on modern international approaches and practices. The authors propose relevant directions for the development of tripartite social partnership, taking into account current trends in the digitalization of the economy and society, as well as the spread of new non-standard forms of employment, including platform employment.

Индивидуализация защиты от социальных рисков как проявление человекоцентризма в сфере социального обеспечения

The article examines the individualization of protection against social risks in the social security system through the prism of human-centrism in law. Human-centrism, based on constitutional provisions about a person, his rights and freedoms as the highest value, sets appropriate value-target guidelines for the entire legal system. The instrumental component of human-centrism can be represented through individual legal regulation, which is characterized by specifics of branch of law. Social security law regulates social relations that mediate public legal models of protecting citizens from social risk based on the constitutional principle of social solidarity. Such protection always has a personalized result in the form of the emergence of social obligations as relative legal relations of the state represented by its bodies or institutions with individually defined participants (citizens - recipients of social provision). Individualization of protection against social risk manifests itself at the stage of formation of the right to certain types of social security, for example, through individual (personalized) accounting in the compulsory pension insurance system. It is also used to determine, within normatively established limits, the amount of social security guaranteed to a specific person based on his specific needs (individual program for rehabilitation or habilitation of a disabled person, individual program for the provision of social services). In addition, the prevention of social risk and compensation for its consequences can be based on civil contracts or social partnership agreements, ensuring increased individualization of protection against social risks through additional social provision.

The essence of the system of actors ensuring national security

The article aims to clarify the actual essence of the system of actors ensuring national security of Ukraine. To achieve the goal of the research, a complex of general and specific methods of scientific knowledge is used (dialectical, abstraction, analysis and generalization, documentary analysis, summarization). It is argued that this system is not a set of entities, because the set of elements does not form a system since it is not characterized by the degree of interaction of its components, which leads to the appearance of a qualitatively new integrity – the form of expression of the structure which actually forms the system. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, it is identified that during the post-Soviet period of the development of the doctrine of national security and its provision, the essence of the complex of actors ensuring national security was understood as a set of these entities. In the current development of these doctrines, this complex is interpreted as a system. The modern understanding of national security and its provision indicates that certain foundations (principles of responsibility, patriotism, and national solidarity) impose requirements extending to a wide range of subjects, encompassing both public service agencies and civil society actors. Furthermore, it creates conditions for holistic interaction between different types of subjects, forming a subsystem of the national security system from these entities. The complex of actors ensuring national security of Ukraine appears as a system because it has its key features.

The Knowledge and Application of Economics in Healthcare in a High-Income Country Today: The Case of Belgium.

Healthcare is a huge business sector in many countries, focusing on the social function of delivering quality health when people develop illness. The system is essentially financed by public funds based on the solidarity principle. With a large financial outlay, the sector must use economic evaluation methods to achieve better efficiency. The objective of our study was to evaluate and to understand how health economics is used today, taking Belgium as an example of a high-income country. The evaluation started with a historical view of healthcare development and ended with potential projections for its future. A literature review focused on country-specific evaluation reports to identify the health economic methods used, with a search for potential gaps. The first results indicated that Belgium in 2021 devoted 11% of its GDP, 17% of its total tax revenue, and 30% of the national Social Security Fund to health-related activities, totalizing EUR 55.5 billion spending. The main health economic method used was a cost-effectiveness analysis linked to budget impact, assigning reimbursable monetary values to new products becoming available. However, these evaluation methods only impacted at most 20% of the money circulating in healthcare. The remaining 80% was subject to financial regulations (70%) and budgeting (10%), which could use many other techniques of an economic analysis. The evaluation indicated two potentially important changes in health economic use in Belgium. One was an increased focus on budgeting with plans, time frames, and quantified treatment objectives on specific disease problems. Economic models with simulations are very supportive in those settings. The other was the application of constrained optimization methods, which may become the new standard of practice when switching from fee-for-service to pay-per-performance as promoted by value-based healthcare and value-based health management. This economic refocusing to a more constrained approach may help to keep the healthcare system sustainable and affordable in the face of the many future challenges including ageing, climate change, migration, pandemics, logistical limitations, and financial instability.

Ideas for Civil Society and Association through the Prism of Public Law

The need for association and cooperation in its primary forms is existentially determined, embedded in the human psyche and morality before it becomes a rationally realized expediency and long before it becomes a right. The right of association is a fundamental right referred to in the group of political rights and freedoms, economic rights, and personal rights. This right combines the liberal idea of individual freedom with the collectivist idea of uniting the efforts of more people to achieve certain goals; exercising the right of association is an expression of free will. The principle of solidarity is exploited by hegemonic state doctrines and governments – communitarian, totalitarian, religious-fundamentalist, nationalist, modernizations, which call for the solidarity of tolerating restrictions, the renunciation of freedom in the name of certain collective goals, as well as in the doctrines and practices of revolutionary violence. The Code of Administrative Procedure provides wide participation of organizations in the various proceedings, both before the administration and in judicial administrative cases.

Fratelli Tutti e a defesa da vida

This article addresses Pope Francis' encyclical letter “Fratelli Tutti”, published in 2020, in light of the integral defense of life, and highlights fraternity as a counterpoint to individualism prevalent in contemporary society. Fraternity is not only understood at the level of personal relationships, but also in its political dimension and in accordance with the principle of solidarity, according to the Social Doctrine of the Church. This is the Christian perspective of defending life in all its forms, from birth to death, giving priority to the poor and excluded and combating the throwaway culture. Based on the inspiration of concrete reality, the experience of the Ka’apor indigenous people and the Word of God with the parable of the Good Samaritan, the article develops reflections on the mission of the Church and offers proposals for action within the horizon of integral ecology, with political, economic, educational and spiritual perspectives.

Rural Communities and Cooperative Societies: A Community-based Alternative for Sustainable Socio Economic Development in Nigeria

The worsening socioeconomic situation of the country has threatened the socioeconomic development of rural communities, necessitating a socioeconomic alternative that will be responsive to rural needs and stimulate sustainable socioeconomic growth. Cooperative societies are alternative strategies that can foster socioeconomic growth at rural levels, thus building on the spirit of cooperation that is domiciled in the rural areas. Cooperative society is a voluntary association of individuals who come together to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations. These societies are based on the principles of self-help, democracy, self-responsibility, equality, equity and solidarity. If effectively utilized, cooperatives are vehicles that can bring about sustainable socio-economic development in rural communities especially in times of worsening economic situations. This paper explores cooperative societies as a vehicle that can bring about the needed socioeconomic development in rural areas through, creation of jobs, raising capital for business and alleviation of poverty. The paper adopts the sustainable development theory as its theoretical underpinning. The study found that cooperatives are instrumental in the sustainability of livelihood in rural communities through the provision of credit facilities, assisting small businesses to stay profitable, creation of employment etc. The paper recommends rural dwellers should be adequately sensitized on the importance of cooperatives and should be encouraged to associate with cooperatives so as to derive benefits of cooperatives which can in turn bring about sustainable development.

Understanding solidarity in the European Union: an analytical framework

Solidarity is a key concept in the European Union. However, the concept of solidarity lacks systematic theoretical examination to enable a sufficient understanding of its contextual meaning and to provide an operationalisable benchmark for analysis. To address this research gap, I propose an analytical framework for solidarity in the European Union that features four necessary conditions: particularity, instrumentality, reciprocity, and responsibility. I develop the framework through a transdisciplinary conceptual history approach, substantiated with a thorough document and legal analysis of European integration and CJEU case law. I demonstrate the robustness and validity of the proposed framework by using EU asylum policy as a test case, a field where the question of solidarity is notoriously salient, which is exemplified by an area-specific expression of the concept: fair sharing of responsibility between the EU member states. Moreover, I show that the EU’s solidarity principle is necessary to maintain the bloc’s raison d’être.

Analisis Iuran dan Kamar Rawat Inap Standar di Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syariah

This research began with the issue of national health insurance contributions which basically became a polemic in society regarding obtaining health insurance by the Government in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Health is an important aspect in fulfilling human rights and is a benchmark. welfare in society.The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of contributionsSocial Security AdministratorHealth from the Maqashid Sharia Perspective. To analyze Maqasid Syariah's views on the increase in contributions for health insurance. To analyze Moaqasid Syariah's views on the implementation of standard inpatient rooms. Object of researchSocial Security AdministratorHealth, this type of research is normative qualitative, the data source used is secondary data in the form of regulations relating to BPJS Health, fatwas from the ulama council. The data analysis technique used in this research was descriptive analysis.First research results: Implementation of contributions from the Social Security Administering Agency Health from the Maqasid Syariah perspective is an important effort in realizing a just, equitable and sustainable health system. By continuing to improve efficiency, transparency and service quality, this system can be more effective in achieving the main objectives of Sharia, namely protecting and promoting the welfare of individuals and society as a whole. Second, from the Maqasid Syariah point of view, the increase in contributions in health insurance is acceptable and is even necessary if (1) It is carried out with the principles of justice and solidarity. (2) Increases access and quality of services. (3) Transparency and accountability, (4). Not burdening the underprivileged. Third, from the perspective of Maqasid Syariah, the implementation of inpatient class standards in the Social Security Administering Body supports the main objectives of Sharia in the following way: (1). Increasing Justice and Solidarity, (2). Guaranteeing Mental Health and Safety, (3) Improving Mental and Intellectual Well-being (4). Protecting the Health of Future Generations, (5). Managing Resources Efficiently.