Principles Of Perception Research Articles

Symmetry-Driven hyper feature GCN for skeleton-based gait recognition

Gait recognition, as an attractive task in biometrics, remains challenging due to significant intra-class changes of clothing and pose variations across different cameras. Recent approaches mainly focus on silhouette-based gait mode, which is easy to model in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Compared with silhouettes, the dynamics of skeletons essentially convey more robust information, which is invariant to view and clothing changes. Conventional approaches for modeling skeletons usually rely on hand-crafted features or traversal rules, thus resulting in limited expressive power and difficulties of generalization. In this work, we address the skeleton-based gait recognition task with a novel Symmetry-Driven Hyper Feature Graph Convolutional Network (SDHF-GCN), which goes beyond the limitations of previous approaches by automatically learning multiple dynamic patterns and hierarchical semantic features in a unified Graph Convolutional Network (GCN). This model involves three dynamic patterns: natural connection, temporal correlation and symmetric interaction, which enriches the description of dynamic patterns by exploiting symmetry perceptual principles. Furthermore, a hyper feature network is proposed to aggregate the hierarchical semantic features, including dynamic features at the high level, structured features at the intermediate level, and static features at the low level, which complement each other to enhance the discriminative ability. By integrating different patterns in the hierarchical structure, the model is able to generate versatile and discriminative representations, thus improving the recognition rate. On the CASIA-B and OUMVLP-Pose datasets, the proposed SDHF-GCN renders substantial improvements over mainstream methods, especially in the coat-wearing scenario, with superior robustness to covariate factors.

Семиотические функции образно-ассоциативных форм дизайна в городской среде

The paper specifies the communicative and semiotic properties of associative design objects and the possibilities of their application in open urban spaces. It also presents figurative and associative forms of design as visual reference points and signs and considers basic principles of visual perception of information, embedded in the objects of sign communication. The study reveals the initial set of criteria and techniques that provide an effective and functional process of designing figurative forms of design — signs of visual communication and examines the main criteria and rules for the design of associative figurative design forms and the semiotic features of the perception of information in these forms. The paper analyzes the process of transformation of natural forms into a figurative design form. The author, basing on the associative design method, traces different degrees of conventionality of the design image (from recognizable, stylized to abstract), emphasizing the need to maintain a clear functional conditionality of the design form. The study proves that associative modeling obeys the same objective harmonization laws that determine the development of each design form. The principle of the associative-shaped form clearly reveals the artistic idea, has a stronger emotional and aesthetic impact on the viewer than a simple utilitarian form, and allows for the possibility of various semiotic interpretations. The researcher suggests that an association as a connection between two representations (when one, having appeared, evokes in the mind another or several associative rows), is visually more acceptable to the appearance of semiotic signs in an urban environment. Any associative-shaped form as a semiotic sign can be interpreted in different ways and metaphorical flexibility may be achieved. However, the design forms must exhibit visibility and clarity of understanding for all social groups of the population. The author considers this topic in the context of design issues of creating a visually comfortable subject-spatial urban environment for a favorable human life. Natural imitations introduced into the fabric of urban development are capable of minimizing the influence of technogenic urban visual environment, saturating them with additional meanings, and compensating for the insufficiency of natural forms.

Художественный перевод c использованием языков народов России: основы типологизации требований

The research gives a first approximation of generalized requirements for the translation of the RF regional fiction into Russian. The author’s core beliefs are as follows: 1) regarding the situation of the common target language (Russian) there must be developed generalized standard translation recommendations, which might further make the basis of modern specific theories; 2) the framework of transdisciplinary strategies for language and interlanguage predetermines an episteme-like consideration of principles of natural speech production and perception. The second condition is reflected in the section “Fundamentals of Typology methodology”. The principle of research evidence is implemented in the tabled comments on translation from the Avar, Buryat and Tuvan languages. The latters ground directly and indirectly the typology divided into pre-translation and translation levels. The-like algorithm and the theory of translation strategy (foreignization and/ or domestication) are also determined by the natural semiosis neurophysiological principles: separate mental and verbal stages justify the meaning/thought alienation and the target language domestication, respectively. Because of its functional irrelevance the term “foreignizing” is not recommended for use— one might use “alienation” instead. Distinguishing between ‘equivalent’ and ‘correlate’ is also a new idea. The given pre-translation and translation procedure implementation may contribute to the streamlining of the translator’s mental activity in a particular situation and the development of their translation thinking mode in general.

The concept of Soviet identity in the context of ideologizing society: analysis of the media

Introduction. During 1943–1960, the formation of Ukrainian identity was directly influenced by communist ideology, as well as the totalitarian system of government of the USSR, which, formally (constitutionally) giving nations their own cultural development and equal rights within the USSR, actually implemented a policy of supremacy and elitism. Thus, in this period it was not so much about the formation of Ukrainian identity, but about the reformatting and creation of such a phenomenon as Homo Soveticus (Soviet man). Relevance of the study. The article aim is to reveal the strategy of conceptualization of the Soviet identity in the context of ideologizing society by mass media and propaganda. Methodology. Such methods as content-analysis, work with archival sources, psycholinguistic analysis of texts. Results. As a result, the author concludes that the Sovietization of Ukrainian reality took place through media reports, which clearly distinguished between the concepts of «friend» and «enemy», as well as formed the attitude to the Ukrainian through the so-called strategy of «soft Russification by Zhdanov». Thus, the formation and self-identification of the Soviet personality was determined by the principle of full perception of the USSR and the activities of the Communist Party. There was a complete replacement of values (religion was replaced by ideology, the role of preacher fell on the shoulders of the agitator, etc.), as well as the gradual leveling of national customs and traditions (leaving visual attributes – dressing Ukrainian costumes for «special» occasions, – the internal meaning was eradicated, and also the feeling of simmering situation developed, which, in the end, led to the rejection of Ukrainian as inferior, unfashionable, unnecessary). Conclusion. Further study of the peculiarities of the formation of Soviet identity will provide an opportunity to develop ways to form the Ukrainian information space and protect it from information attacks of aggressor countries.

Characters in the works of Vítězslav Hálek

In our article, we would like to apply cognitive and perceptual analysis to the characters in the works of Vítězslav Hálek. The purpose of our study is to answer the question of how the cognitive and perceptual mechanisms of the characters influence the principles of their stratification in a work of art. Speaking about the cognitive and perceptual principles of characterization, we, of course, consider their reflection in speech acts, namely, in the characters speech or in the narrator voice, not from the point of view of psychology or physiology. The aspects under consideration are fixed in structural-semiotic models as part of the artistic narrative. Thus, using structural-semiotic strategies, focusing on the points of view of characters (cognitive and perceptual), we can offer not only a typological classification of characters in Hálek’s works (based on the description of the characters), but also their relationships. Such an approach allows us to consider his works as the development of one mode of structural-semiotic relations between characters into another.

Surfaces With Finger-Sized Concave Feel Softer.

The judgment of elastic softness is determined not only by mechanical parameters related to hardness, such as the elastic modulus and stiffness, but also by macroscopic surface features. This study experimentally demonstrates that objects with a finger-sized concave with a depth of 1-3 mm feel softer than flat surfaces made of the same materials when they are pushed by a finger. In Experiment 1, participants judged the surfaces of a rigid material with thumb-sized concaves to be softer than the flat and convex surfaces. Experiment 2 used rubbers of various elastic moduli, and the softness of a concave object with a Young's modulus of 0.55 MPa was subjectively equal to that of a flat object with an average Young's modulus of 0.23 MPa. Furthermore, the softness of a convex object was subjectively equal to that of a 1.68 MPa flat object. The contact phenomena between a finger pad and concave or convex objects are different from those between a finger pad and flat objects, and they influence the softness judgment. Such phenomena include the relationship between the pressing force and contact area. These results provide insights into surface design and improve comprehension of the perceptual principles of softness.

Harmonious Textual Layout Generation Over Natural Images via Deep Aesthetics Learning

Automatic typography is important because it helps designers avoid highly repetitive tasks and amateur users achieve high-quality textual layout designs. However, there are often many parameters and complicated aesthetic rules that need to be adjusted in automatic typography work. In this paper, we propose an efficient deep aesthetics learning approach to generate harmonious textual layout over natural images, which can be decomposed into two stages, saliency-aware text region proposal and aesthetics-based textual layout selection. Our method incorporates both semantic features and visual perception principles. First, we propose a semantic visual saliency detection network combined with a text region proposal algorithm to generate candidate text anchors with various positions and sizes. Second, a discriminative deep aesthetics scoring model is developed to assess the aesthetic quality of the candidate textual layouts. We build a new Textual Layout Aesthetics dataset with dense annotations of each image and design a reasonable evaluation metric to compare our method with richer baselines. The results demonstrate that our method can generate harmonious textual layouts in various actual scenarios with better performance.

The combination of artistic and technical techniques in creating decorative elements of the interior

The methods of interior decoration are not only technologies that contribute to the uniqueness and completeness of the conceptual idea of the interior, but also a number of constructive, technological, emotional, psychological and even marketing tasks that must be solved by design methods, and in particular by methods of interior decoration. In this regard, the objects of study are the principles of perception of space, factors that stimulate the study of the architectural environment, ways of recognizing it as an element belonging to a particular object and corresponding to the image of the architectural object. Any interior is a kind of method of communication between an object and a person, it is achieved in various ways that the author – designer models at the stage of project work. In this article, the university is considered as an object and, in order to form the necessary artistic image, the possibilities of synthesizing materials capable of revealing the designer's conceptual idea in an art object are considered. Purpose – in this connection, the goal was set to reveal the technological and artistic features of various objects, in which the combination of different materials makes it possible to convincingly interpret the artistic and figurative tasks of the interior. To implement the research tasks, structural and logical methods were used, which made it possible to conduct experiments at various stages of collecting and processing information and classify various data in the author's tables, diagrams and clusters, which are given in this article. In addition, the article considers the university as a real object of design, and the data formulated in the article can be used in the future as methodological material for the formation of the concept of the artistic image of such educational institutions. The result of this study was the classification of decorative materials used in interior design, analysis and comparative characteristics of various objects that allow analyzing the psycho-emotional aspects of various combinations of materials and their significance for the formation of the artistic image of the interior.

СИНТАКСИЧЕСКАЯ СПЕЦИФИКА ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ТЕКСТА (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ ДЛЯ ПОДРОСТКОВ)

The article observes the changes of syntactic priorities based on the syntactic-statistical analysis of texts of Russian fiction from the XIX (M. Lermontov and I. Turgenev), XX (M. Prishvin) and XXI (Mikhail Loginov) centuries. The variety of syntactic constructions in the works of classical literature, formed not only by complicating sentences with coordinated homogeneous members, unattached participles, etc. makes the narration multifaceted and multileveled, which requires a high degree of intellectual concentration from the reader and develops empathy through internal experience of the depicted situation. The syntactic organization of the texts of modern literature is different in the constructions used that are unified, linear and overly parcellated. Analyzing the correlations between the parameters of syntactic constructions and the principles of emotional-intellectual perception of texts brings forth the conclusion that the grammatical-syntactic organization of literary works influences the formation and the development of linguistic personality in teenagers. The qualitative transformation of text structure, perceived as an integral phenomenon formed by individual linguistic units, causes simplification and stereotypization of thought, weakens the capacity for emotional reception.

Temporal self-compression: Behavioral and neural evidence that past and future selves are compressed as they move away from the present

A basic principle of perception is that as objects increase in distance from an observer, they also become logarithmically compressed in perception (i.e., not differentiated from one another), making them hard to distinguish. Could this basic principle apply to perhaps our most meaningful mental representation: our own sense of self? Here, we report four studies that suggest selves are increasingly non-discriminable with temporal distance from the present as well. In Studies 1 through 3, participants made trait ratings across various time points in the past and future. We found that participants compressed their past and future selves, relative to their present self. This effect was preferential to the self and could not be explained by the alternative possibility that individuals simply perceive arbitrary self-change with time irrespective of temporal distance. In Study 4, we tested for neural evidence of temporal self-compression by having participants complete trait ratings across time points while undergoing functional MRI. Representational similarity analysis was used to determine whether neural self-representations are compressed with temporal distance as well. We found evidence of temporal self-compression in areas of the default network, including medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. Specifically, neural pattern similarity between self-representations was logarithmically compressed with temporal distance. Taken together, these findings reveal a "temporal self-compression" effect, with temporal selves becoming increasingly non-discriminable with distance from the present.

Psychoacoustic Principle, Methods, and Problems with Perceived Distance Control in Spatial Audio

One purpose of spatial audio is to create perceived virtual sources at various spatial positions in terms of direction and distance with respect to the listener. The psychoacoustic principle of spatial auditory perception is essential for creating perceived virtual sources. Currently, the technical means for recreating virtual sources in different directions of various spatial audio techniques are relatively mature. However, perceived distance control in spatial audio remains a challenging task. This article reviews the psychoacoustic principle, methods, and problems with perceived distance control and compares them with the principles and methods of directional localization control in spatial audio, showing that the validation of various methods for perceived distance control depends on the principle and method used for spatial audio. To improve perceived distance control, further research on the detailed psychoacoustic mechanisms of auditory distance perception is required.

Person Perception, Meet People Perception: Exploring the Social Vision of Groups

Groups, teams, and collectives—people—are incredibly important to human behavior. People live in families, work in teams, and celebrate and mourn together in groups. Despite the huge variety of human group activity and its fundamental importance to human life, social-psychological research on person perception has overwhelmingly focused on its namesake, the person, rather than expanding to consider people perception. By looking to two unexpected partners, the vision sciences and organization behavior, we find emerging work that presents a path forward, building a foundation for understanding how people perceive other people. And yet this nascent field is missing critical insights that scholars of social vision might offer: specifically, for example, the chance to connect perception to behavior through the mediators of cognition and motivational processes. Here, we review emerging work across the vision and social sciences to extract core principles of people perception: efficiency, capacity, and complexity. We then consider complexity in more detail, focusing on how people perception modifies person-perception processes and enables the perception of group emergent properties as well as group dynamics. Finally, we use these principles to discuss findings and outline areas fruitful for future work. We hope that fellow scholars take up this people-perception call.

RoMAT: Robot for Multisensory Analysis and Testing of visual-tactile perceptual functions.

The present work aims to introduce a novel robotic platform suitable for investigating perception in multi-sensory motion tasks for individuals with and without sensory and motor disabilities. The system, called RoMAT, allows the study of how multisensory signals are integrated, taking into account the speed and direction of the stimuli. It is a robotic platform composed of a visual and tactile wheel mounted on two routable plates to be moved under the finger and the visual observation of the participants. We validated the system by implementing a rotation discrimination task considering two different sensory modalities: vision, touch and multisensory visual-tactile integration. Four healthy subjects were asked to report the length of motion rotation after perceiving a moving stimulus generated by the visual, tactile, or both stimuli. Results suggest that multisensory precision improves when multiple sensory stimulations are presented. The new system can therefore provide fundamental inputs in determining the perceptual principles of motion processing. Therefore, this device can be a potential system to design screening and rehabilitation protocols based on neuroscientific findings to be used in individuals with visual and motor impairments.Clinical relevance- This research presents a novel robotic motion simulator to deliver combined or independent stimulation of the visual and tactile sensory signals.

Pairing a beer with a soundtrack: Is it guided by geographical identity?

In French gastronomy, food and beverage pairing is a traditional practice set down by pairing principles. Among these, some studies highlighted the principle of “geographical identity”: pairing two products related to the same area. While this concept has been explored for food-food and food-beverage paring, there is less investigation across different senses e.g. auditory and flavory; specifically when flavory stimuli belong to the same food category. Yet it is well known that the auditory environment interacts with food behavior. We can wonder whether the pairing principles identified for food and beverage are relevant for a soundtrack and a beverage and more precisely whether the shared geographical identity of a beverage and a soundtrack drive their association. The aim of the present study is to explore multisensory interaction through the investigation of geographical identity association between a complex beverage – a beer – and a complex soundtrack (i.e. stimuli with a perceived complexity). The results showed that familiarity and hedonic evaluation of pairs as well as of soundtracks were strongly correlated to harmony evaluation of pairs while familiarity and hedonic evaluation of beers were correlated together. In addition, the results seem to highlight that soundtracks dominate the evaluation of pairs. The present study attempts to demonstrate that pairing multisensory stimuli is complex and the related principles refer to some of the already highlighted pairing principles for food-food pairing: geographical identity but also perceptual principles.

Perception of Cityscape of the Central Part of Kaunas and Sociocultural Aspects Determining It

This article deals with peculiarities of Kaunas centre cityscape perception and the determining socio-cultural factors. Important elements creating unique view of a location and identity are related to the period’s history, culture, political situation, features of the location natural basis, as well as individual’s-observer‘s education, personal qualities, aesthetic and cultural sophistication. The territory of Kaunas city centre was selected for the case study. It is characterized by unique natural, historic, cultural conditions and high information-emotional potential. During the research prioritary ranking concerning significance of cityscape elements groups and experienced psycho-emotional senses was conducted. Furthermore, the correlations between the distance of object observation, heights of observation points as well as movement mode selection and personal factors such as gender, age, occupation, and education based on statistical dependencies were identified. The obtained results explain the principles of Kaunas centre cityscapes perception.

Insecurities of the Unimportant: Singapore’s Threat Perception against the Rising China

Threat perception has been central in the field of international relations, especially in the literature of states’ alliances and conflict solutions. International Relations (IR) balance of power and alliance theories have largely equated “threat” to “power.” A standard narrative in Singapore’s foreign policy toward great powers is its reluctance to choose between both. Singapore’s immediate neighbor, Indonesia, the largest archipelagic country in the world, has voiced similar inclinations. Studies have concentrated on the larger power threat interpretation and their responses toward the change in the international order arising from China’s growth or the rise of terrorism but rarely examining issues from small states’ point of view. According to Realists’ logic, small states possess little capacity to influence the fate of their own survival; therefore, they can only choose between balancing and band wagoning. Threat perceptions play an intermediary role in connecting the external environment and state foreign policy behavior. Hence, the study of threat perception is critical as it influences states foreign policies regarding issues ranging from defense spending to states’ level of commitment toward international multilateral cooperation. IR scholars have examined how states form threat perceptions from various psychological and non-psychological perspectives. However, these factors are often studied independently. This paper argues that Gestalt principles of threat perception offer a more thorough analysis of Singapore’s threat perception by bridging the gap between realist and constructivist studies by demonstrating how Singapore’s threat perception as a small state is magnified due to its unique geographical position and its shared cultural affinity with China.

Predicting blur visual discomfort for natural scenes by the loss of positional information

The perception of blur due to accommodation failures, insufficient optical correction or imperfect image reproduction is a common source of visual discomfort, usually attributed to an anomalous and annoying distribution of the image spectrum in the spatial frequency domain. In the present paper, this discomfort is related to a loss of the localization accuracy of the observed patterns. It is assumed, as a starting perceptual principle, that the visual system is optimally adapted to pattern localization in a natural environment. Thus, since the best possible accuracy of the image patterns localization is indicated by the positional Fisher Information, it is argued that blur discomfort is strictly related to a loss of this information. Following this concept, a receptive field functional model is adopted to predict the visual discomfort. It is a complex-valued operator, orientation-selective both in the space domain and in the spatial frequency domain. Starting from the case of Gaussian blur, the analysis is extended to a generic type of blur by applying a positional Fisher Information equivalence criterion. Out-of-focus blur and astigmatic blur are presented as significant examples. The validity of the proposed model is verified by comparing its predictions with subjective ratings. The model fits linearly with the experiments reported in independent databases, based on different protocols and settings.

A common computational principle for vibrotactile pitch perception in mouse and human

We live surrounded by vibrations generated by moving objects. These oscillatory stimuli propagate through solid substrates, are sensed by mechanoreceptors in our body and give rise to perceptual attributes such as vibrotactile pitch (i.e. the perception of how high or low a vibration’s frequency is). Here, we establish a mechanistic relationship between vibrotactile pitch perception and the physical properties of vibrations using behavioral tasks, in which vibratory stimuli were delivered to the human fingertip or the mouse forelimb. The resulting perceptual reports were analyzed with a model demonstrating that physically different combinations of vibration frequencies and amplitudes can produce equal pitch perception. We found that the perceptually indistinguishable but physically different stimuli follow a common computational principle in mouse and human. It dictates that vibrotactile pitch perception is shifted with increases in amplitude toward the frequency of highest vibrotactile sensitivity. These findings suggest the existence of a fundamental relationship between the seemingly unrelated concepts of spectral sensitivity and pitch perception.

The neural basis for violations of Weber’s law in self-motion perception

A prevailing view is that Weber's law constitutes a fundamental principle of perception. This widely accepted psychophysical law states that the minimal change in a given stimulus that can be perceived increases proportionally with amplitude and has been observed across systems and species in hundreds of studies. Importantly, however, Weber's law is actually an oversimplification. Notably, there exist violations of Weber's law that have been consistently observed across sensory modalities. Specifically, perceptual performance is better than that predicted from Weber's law for the higher stimulus amplitudes commonly found in natural sensory stimuli. To date, the neural mechanisms mediating such violations of Weber's law in the form of improved perceptual performance remain unknown. Here, we recorded from vestibular thalamocortical neurons in rhesus monkeys during self-motion stimulation. Strikingly, we found that neural discrimination thresholds initially increased but saturated for higher stimulus amplitudes, thereby causing the improved neural discrimination performance required to explain perception. Theory predicts that stimulus-dependent neural variability and/or response nonlinearities will determine discrimination threshold values. Using computational methods, we thus investigated the mechanisms mediating this improved performance. We found that the structure of neural variability, which initially increased but saturated for higher amplitudes, caused improved discrimination performance rather than response nonlinearities. Taken together, our results reveal the neural basis for violations of Weber's law and further provide insight as to how variability contributes to the adaptive encoding of natural stimuli with continually varying statistics.

Research on Real-Time Detection of Sprint Error Based on Visual Features and Internet of Things

The current sprint error detection methods do not consider the analysis of the visual characteristics of sprint error, which leads to low detection accuracy, long detection time, and poor detection stability. To overcome this defect, inspired by Internet of Things technology, a real-time sprint error detection method based on visual characteristics is proposed. Based on the basic principle of RFID action perception, the original phase data is preprocessed, the channel parameters are selected, and the tag layout is optimized to form the action-oriented feature. Based on the three-dimensional visual features, the three-dimensional coordinate points of the sports field are determined, and the movement features of the sprint are extracted and formally described. Based on the analysis of the visual characteristics of sprint errors, the block pheromones of single frame sprint motion edge contour are obtained for clustering, and the sprint errors’ feature information is obtained and filtered. Sift technology is used to obtain the boundary contour line and implement the corner characteristics. The Hessian matrix of contour wave domain edge detection is used to calculate the contour wave domain matrix of the image and draw the contour curve of the image of sprint error action to realize the detection of sprint error action. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good stability and can effectively improve the detection accuracy and shorten the detection time.