Principles Of Perception Research Articles

Gestalt road to Necker cube perception

Abstract The study of cases of illusory or unstable perception of some visual stimuli allows exploration of the psychology of perception of the surrounding world. The wired construction known as “Necker cube” is one such stimulus: it can be perceived as a cube whose front face is seen higher than the back face or vice versa. The switch can occur intentionally or spontaneously. The investigations were focused on switching parameters, relation of the switching to eye position, pre-history, and environment. Here we define that the kernel of the problem is recognizing the 2D drawing as a 3D Necker cube. To this end, we have expanded Gestalt's psychology methods that allow us to recognize 2D figures in drawings for recognizing 3D figure in a flat drawing (including the Necker cube). The presented algorithm for recognizing the cube based on the imitation principle allowed the development of the model of switching between two possible perceptions of the Necker cube. The paper shows that the predictions are in conformity with previously available experimental data. The results confirm the imitation principle of perception, and suggest expanding our research on perception to a wider class of 3D figures, opening a window into the internal processes of perception.

Sensory Texture and Mastication Physics of Multi-Phase Meat Products

Food products often consist of several phases. Comminuted meat products, for example, are multiphase systems consisting of structured meat particles and unstructured batter-like substance. To develop and understand the processing of these products, it is important to understand the sensory and mechanical perception principles. To this end, two-phase food prototypes consisting of mixtures of ground beef and beef batter were prepared and subjected to sensory, texture, and oral processing analysis. The oral processing analysis focused on the biomechanical data of the chewing process, namely the kinematics of jaw movement and electromyographic activity. The ground meat served as the anisotropic phase and the meat dough as the isotropic phase. A significant increase in muscle activity, duration per bite, and occlusion time with increasing proportion of fibrous particles was demonstrated (p < 0.05). In contrast, a higher proportion of isotropic substance resulted in significantly higher amplitudes of jaw movement and faster jaw kinetics (p < 0.05). In mixed regimes, the system responded mainly according to the dominant phase, with sensory or mechanical response changing at a critical point. In combination with texture and sensory data, a holistic characterization of the food models could be performed.

Accuracy and reconstruction in autobiographical memory: (Re)consolidating neuroscience and sociocultural developmental approaches.

Autobiographical memories are never isolated episodes; they are embedded in a network that is continually updated and prediction driven. We present autobiographical memory as a meaning-driven process that includes both veridical traces and reconstructive schemas. Our developmental approach delineates how autobiographical memory develops across childhood and throughout adulthood, and our sociocultural approach examines the ways in which autobiographical memories are shaped by everyday social interactions embedded within cultural worldviews. These approaches are enhanced by a focus on autobiographical memory functions, namely self-coherence, social embeddedness, and directing future behaviors. Neuroscience models of memory outlined in multiple trace and trace transformation theories and perceptual principles of predictive processing establish mechanisms and frameworks into which autobiographical memory processes are incorporated. Rather than conceptualizing autobiographical and episodic memories as accurate versus error-prone, we frame memory as a dynamic process that is continuously updated to create coherent meaning for individuals living in complex sociocultural worlds. Autobiographical memory is a process of both accuracy and error, an intricate weaving of specific episodic details, inferences and confusions among similar experiences; it incorporates post-event information through reminiscing and conversations, in the service of creating more meaningful coherent memories that define self, others, and the world. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Memory.

A Taxonomy of Orchestral Grouping Effects Derived from Principles of Auditory Perception

The study of timbre and orchestration in symphonic music research is underexplored, and few theories attempt to explain strategies for combining and contrasting instruments and the resulting perception of orchestral structures and textures. An analysis of orchestration treatises and musical scores reveals an implicit understanding of auditory grouping principles by which many orchestration techniques give rise to predictable perceptual effects. We present a novel theory formalized in a taxonomy of devices related to auditory grouping principles that appear frequently in Western orchestration practices from a range of historical epochs. We develop three classes of orchestration analysis categories: concurrent grouping cues result in blended combinations of instruments; sequential grouping cues result in melodic lines, the integration of surface textures, and the segregation of melodies or stratified (foreground and background) layers based on acoustic (dis)similarities; segmental grouping cues contrast sequentially presented blocks of materials and contribute to the creation of perceptual boundaries. The theory predicts orchestration-based perceptual structuring in music and may be applied to music of any style, culture, or genre.

Crossmodal Basing

AbstractWhat kinds of mental states can be based on epistemic reasons? The standard answer is only beliefs. I argue that perceptual states can also be based on reasons, as the result of crossmodal interactions. A perceptual state from one modality can provide a reason on which an experience in another modality is based. My argument identifies key markers of the basing relation and locates them in the crossmodal Marimba Illusion (Schutz & Kubovy 2009). The subject’s auditory experience of musical tone duration is based on the reason provided by her visual representation of the length of the musician’s gesture and other stored perceptual principles.

Self-powered and flexible piezo-sensors based on conductivity-controlled GaN nanowire-arrays for mimicking rapid- and slow-adapting mechanoreceptors

Human skin contains slowly adaptive (SA) and rapidly adaptive (RA) mechanoreceptors, which respond differently to external stimuli. Based on human tactile perception principles, the fabrication of a self-powered electronic skin (e-skin) that simultaneously mimics SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors is a prime need for robots and artificial prosthetics to interact with the surrounding environment. However, the complex process of merging multimode sensors to mimic SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors hinders their utilization in e-skins. We proposed SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors based on n-type and semi-insulating GaN nanowire arrays. The SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors demonstrated distinguished features such as grasping of objects and detection of their surface textures. Based on piezoelectric sensing principles, the proposed e-skin can simultaneously mimic static and dynamic pressure signals. Mechanoreceptors further detected several stimuli of various pressures with low and high frequencies. The response and reset times showed by SA-mechanoreceptors were 11 and 18 ms under 1-Hz frequency, which are rapid enough for practical e-skin applications.

Construction of a Knowledge Map of Speech Emotion Features Based on Impulse-Coupled Neural Networks.

This paper constructs knowledge graphs of speech emotion feature to support the expression of rich semantic information due to their unique graphical structure and to provide new ideas for studying speech emotion recognition recommendations. Impulse-coupled neural networks, as a mathematical abstraction of the visual properties of the human eye, have been widely used in various fields of speech processing. In this paper, we take the classical impulse-coupled neural network model as the research object, aiming to explore, analyze, and study the method of constructing knowledge maps of speech emotion features based on the impulse-coupled neural network model, and propose several improved impulse-coupled neural network models, which are used in the fields of target detection, speech segmentation, and quantization compression. This paper further constructs various domain semantic concept maps and performs multidimensional semantic enhancement understanding of search text based on the concept maps and the constructed entity-relationship knowledge maps and proposes a knowledge-based interpretable recommendation method for cloud services and a generalized recommendation and sample enhancement method for cloud scenarios. The fusion algorithm based on multiscale analysis can decompose the source speech into subspeech at different scales and then fuse each subspeech separately, while typical objects in the real world are also composed of many components at different scales. Based on the factors of different degrees in the speech context, the imagery work ruler evaluation model is refined with the basic principles of risk perception and risk resolution in the context, and an exploratory design is carried out separately for the verbal description, graphics, text, color, animation, and sound signals in the audiovisual signal using the workshop format to obtain a large number of design samples and evaluate the important units in turn, finally integrating the context involved in the study. The perceptual design system is given as a specific contextual design method.

Proses Pembelajaran Melalui Interaksi Edukatif Dalam Pendidikan Islam

This study aims to analyze the learning process through educative interactions in Islamic education. This research uses research method library Research. (Library Studies), where the data sources used are books, or research journals related to Educational Interaction. Data collection is of course done with documentation techniques. The results of the study explain that the process of educative interaction is a process that contains a number of norms, all of which the teacher must transfer to students. There are several principles of educative interaction, namely the principle of motivation, the principle of perception, the principle of focus, the principle of integration, the principle of problem solving, the principle of seeking, the principle of learning while working, the principle of social relations, and the principle of individual uniqueness. The attitude of professional educators is not limited to mere technical competence, but also to their personality and character. Learning attitude is very dependent on the teacher as a leader in the teaching and learning process. The attitude of learning is not just an attitude shown to the teacher, but also to the goals to be achieved, subject matter, assignments and others.

Research on Sound Source Material Recognition Technology in Indoor Geotechnical Inspection

Studies have shown that physical parameters such as size have obvious influence and relevance on the sound spectrum structure. In order to study the new detection technology of sound recognition of compaction of soil, this article conducted a large number of indoor soil sample hammering tests. The timbre features of the sound are extracted by the impact sound feature extraction method based on the principle of auditory perception, and the focus is on the correlation between frequency domain eigenvalues such as spectral centroid and different compaction of soil. By grouping and analyzing the multiple sets of acoustic samples after the different compaction of soil samples are excited, we found that the centroid feature of the subband spectrum can well represent the compaction of soil, and the two have a strong correlation; the maximum correlation coefficient is up to 0.81. The research results show that when the reasonable hammering force range of exciting soil is 30 N~89 N, the subband spectrum centroid feature is used as an index to characterize the compaction of soil, which can be used to infer the compaction of soil.

Virtual Reality as an Artistic Space in the Context of Musical Art

The article highlights the modern view of musical art in the context of the development of information and communication technologies, which form the perception of art in the context of virtual interpretation. The relevance of the study is based on the prerequisites of the modern development of information and innovation society. There is a need for the perception of information in the context of virtual space in the context of the twentieth century. This trend changes approaches to human activities in different spheres of life, including artistic. This article shows the basic principles of virtual reality formation in the context of creating a space for the manifestation of musical art. The basic principles of perception of new artistic media in virtualization and digitalization are defined, and aspects of musical art reproduction are analyzed. This study shows the transformation of real life into virtual simple, which contributes to the spatio-temporal thinking of man and interprets the cultural achievements of human activity throughout the historical development. The article presents theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of musical art. The reflexion of the temporal phenomenon of cultural stratification and in-depth analysis of modern digital transformation in the context of virtual space formation is defined. Music discourse is analyzed in the context of cultural dynamics in the direction of the virtual world creation. The methods of analysis and synthesis, the research method and the method of discourse analysis were applied to study the virtualization of the musical environment. This study provided a basis for reflecting the effectiveness of the virtual environment for music art.

ETKİLEŞİM KAVRAMI VE ETKİLEŞİMLİ İNFOGRAFİKTE TASARIM GELİŞTİRME SÜRECİ

Etkileşimli medya ortamlarında, kullanıcılar ve nesneler arasında bir etkileşim meydana gelirken bir
 iletişim de oluşmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda etkileşim, bir iletişim vazifesi görmekte ve iletişimin var olduğu alanda
 tasarımda etkileşimle bağlantılı bir ilişki içerisine girmektedir. Bilgisayar ve iletişim teknolojilerinde meydana
 gelen yenilikler etkileşim kavramının çalışma alanının genişleyerek, hayatın merkezine ilerleyip yaygınlaşmasına
 sebep olmuş ve bu durum, bu kavramın farklı başlıklar altında ele alınmasını sağlamıştır. Bu başlıklardan bir
 tanesi olan etkileşimli infografik, kullanıcıya fazla bilginin sunulması imkanını sağlayan ve aynı zamanda onlara
 veri üzerinde kontrol imkanı sunarak, kendilerine sunulan bilgiyi hızlı anlayabilmelerini amaçlayan ortamlardır.
 Kurulan etkileşimin sağlıklı ve anlaşılır bir biçimde kurgulanmasında tasarım süreci, hedef kitlenin algı düzeyine
 göre işlevsel bir çalışma ortaya koyulması açısından önemlidir. Bu süreçle birlikte tasarımın oluşturulmasında
 kullanılan gestalt ilkeleri, kullanıcıların tasarım ortamındaki farklı elemanları birbirleri ile ilişkilendirebildikleri
 etkili ve verimli bir tasarım ortamı oluşturulabilmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle
 etkileşim tasarımında gestalt algı ilkeleri ve tasarım geliştirme süreci üzerinde durulmuş ve ele alınan etkileşimli
 infografik uygulamalar, bu ilkeler ve etkileşim tasarım süreci ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Etkileşimli infografikte
 tasarım geliştirme sürecinin ve gestalt algı ilkelerinin önemini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır, bu noktada
 çalışmanın literatüre katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.

Infographics Wizard: Flexible Infographics Authoring and Design Exploration

AbstractInfographics are an aesthetic visual representation of information following specific design principles of human perception. Designing infographics can be a tedious process for non‐experts and time‐consuming, even for professional designers. With the help of designers, we propose a semi‐automated infographic framework for general structured and flow‐based infographic design generation. For novice designers, our framework automatically creates and ranks infographic designs for a user‐provided text with no requirement for design input. However, expert designers can still provide custom design inputs to customize the infographics. We will also contribute an individual visual group (VG) designs dataset (in SVG), along with a 1k complete infographic image dataset with segmented VGs in this work. Evaluation results confirm that by using our framework, designers from all expertise levels can generate generic infographic designs faster than existing methods while maintaining the same quality as hand‐designed infographics templates.

Coordination of voice, hands and feet in rhythm and beat performance

Interlimb coordination is critical to the successful performance of simple activities in everyday life and it depends on precisely timed perception–action coupling. This is particularly true in music-making, where performers often use body-movements to keep the beat while playing more complex rhythmic patterns. In the current study, we used a musical rhythmic paradigm of simultaneous rhythm/beat performance to examine how interlimb coordination between voice, hands and feet is influenced by the inherent figure-ground relationship between rhythm and beat. Sixty right-handed participants—professional musicians, amateur musicians and non-musicians—performed three short rhythmic patterns while keeping the underlying beat, using 12 different combinations of voice, hands and feet. Results revealed a bodily hierarchy with five levels (1) left foot, (2) right foot, (3) left hand, (4) right hand, (5) voice, i.e., more precise task execution was observed when the rhythm was performed with an effector occupying a higher level in the hierarchy than the effector keeping the beat. The notion of a bodily hierarchy implies that the role assigned to the different effectors is key to successful interlimb coordination: the performance level of a specific effector combination differs considerably, depending on which effector holds the supporting role of the beat and which effector holds the conducting role of the rhythm. Although performance generally increased with expertise, the evidence of the hierarchy was consistent in all three expertise groups. The effects of expertise further highlight how perception influences action. We discuss the possibility that musicians’ more robust metrical prediction models make it easier for musicians to attenuate prediction errors than non-musicians. Overall, the study suggests a comprehensive bodily hierarchy, showing how interlimb coordination is influenced by hierarchical principles in both perception and action.

A General Spline-Based Method for Centerline Extraction from Different Segmented Road Maps in Remote Sensing Imagery

Road centerline extraction is the foundation for integrating the segmented road map from a remote sensing image into a geographic information system (GIS) database. Considering that existing approaches tend to have a decline in performance for centerline and junction extraction when segmented road structures are irregular, this paper proposes a novel method which models the road network as a sequence of connected spline curves. Based on this motivation, the ratio of cross operators is firstly proposed to detect direction and width features of roads. Then, road pixels are divided into different clusters by local features using three perceptual grouping principles (i.e., direction grouping, proximity grouping, and continuity grouping). After applying a polynomial curve fitting on each cluster using pixel coordinates as observation data, the internal control points are determined according to the adjacency relation between clusters. Finally, road centerlines are generated based on spline fitting with constraints. We test our approach on segmented road maps which were obtained previously by machine recognition, or manual extraction from real optical (WorldView-2) and synthetic aperture radar (TerraSAR-X, Radarsat-2) images. Depending on the accuracy of the input segmented road maps, experimental results from our test data show that both the completeness and correctness of extracted centerlines are over 84% and 68% for optical and radar images, respectively. Furthermore, experiments also demonstrate the advantages of our proposed method, in contrast to existing methods for gaining smooth centerlines and precise junctions.

Redefining Structural Art: A Neuroaesthetics Perspective on the Art of Structural Design

Structural art should not be marginalised as an integral part of structural design. By reviewing historical understandings of structural art, this article discusses the ambiguous and neglected perspective of structural art on architectural design and human perception dimensions, concentrating the attention of structural art on the question of human aesthetic perception. Based on significant changes in how art is perceived due to recent neuroaesthetics research, this article introduces recent findings from cognitive neuroscience regarding embodied perception principles, sheds new light on the aesthetic experiences inherent in the built environment, and clarifies and expands previously held beliefs about structural art. Finally, while emphasising the significance of structural art, this article attempts to provide a body-informed perspective on structural art that can aid in incorporating human neuroaesthetic perception principles during the conceptual phase of the structural design process, thereby redefining the effect of structures on architectural space and aesthetics, thus redefining structural art.

The visual coupling between neighbours explains local interactions underlying human 'flocking'.

Patterns of collective motion in bird flocks, fish schools and human crowds are believed to emerge from local interactions between individuals. Most ‘flocking' models attribute these local interactions to hypothetical rules or metaphorical forces and assume an omniscient third-person view of the positions and velocities of all individuals in space. We develop a visual model of collective motion in human crowds based on the visual coupling that governs pedestrian interactions from a first-person embedded viewpoint. Specifically, humans control their walking speed and direction by cancelling the average angular velocity and optical expansion/contraction of their neighbours, weighted by visibility (1 − occlusion). We test the model by simulating data from experiments with virtual crowds and real human ‘swarms'. The visual model outperforms our previous omniscient model and explains basic properties of interaction: ‘repulsion' forces reduce to cancelling optical expansion, ‘attraction' forces to cancelling optical contraction and ‘alignment' to cancelling the combination of expansion/contraction and angular velocity. Moreover, the neighbourhood of interaction follows from Euclid's Law of perspective and the geometry of occlusion. We conclude that the local interactions underlying human flocking are a natural consequence of the laws of optics. Similar perceptual principles may apply to collective motion in other species.

Perceptual Grouping Explains Similarities in Constellations Across Cultures

Cultures around the world organize stars into constellations, or asterisms, and these groupings are often considered to be arbitrary and culture specific. Yet there are striking similarities in asterisms across cultures, and groupings such as Orion, the Big Dipper, the Pleiades, and the Southern Cross are widely recognized across many different cultures. Psychologists have informally suggested that these shared patterns are explained by Gestalt laws of grouping, but there have been no systematic attempts to catalog asterisms that recur across cultures or to explain the perceptual basis of these groupings. Here, we compiled data from 27 cultures around the world and found that a simple computational model of perceptual grouping accounts for many of the recurring cross-cultural asterisms. Our results suggest that basic perceptual principles account for more of the structure of asterisms across cultures than previously acknowledged and highlight ways in which specific cultures depart from this shared baseline.

The Free Energy Principle for Perception and Action: A Deep Learning Perspective.

The free energy principle, and its corollary active inference, constitute a bio-inspired theory that assumes biological agents act to remain in a restricted set of preferred states of the world, i.e., they minimize their free energy. Under this principle, biological agents learn a generative model of the world and plan actions in the future that will maintain the agent in an homeostatic state that satisfies its preferences. This framework lends itself to being realized in silico, as it comprehends important aspects that make it computationally affordable, such as variational inference and amortized planning. In this work, we investigate the tool of deep learning to design and realize artificial agents based on active inference, presenting a deep-learning oriented presentation of the free energy principle, surveying works that are relevant in both machine learning and active inference areas, and discussing the design choices that are involved in the implementation process. This manuscript probes newer perspectives for the active inference framework, grounding its theoretical aspects into more pragmatic affairs, offering a practical guide to active inference newcomers and a starting point for deep learning practitioners that would like to investigate implementations of the free energy principle.

THE CONCEPT OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERSONALITY IN THE POETRY OF ABAY KUNANBAYEV

The work examines some aspects of the moral and philosophical problems of the artistic work of Abay Kunanbayev, a classic of Kazakh literature.The poetic texts were selected taking into account the manifestation in them of the concepts of moral improvement inherent in Sufi poetry and the lyrics of the classics of the East: Nizami, Ferdowsi, Navoi. It has been established that the Kazakh poet follows the eastern tradition, but rethinks these concepts, as well as some images, in particular, the image of Iskander.Without rejecting the thesis about the immortality of the soul, Abay Kunanbayev relies more on the principles of sensory perception of the external world. Some materialism, rationalism in combination with belief in the divine origin of humanity manifested itself in the doctrine of the passions of the soul, the concept of humanity, and a number of didactic statements created by the poet. According to Abay, spirituality and constant reflection are a way of being and a condition for the development of mankind.

Beyond Thermal Sensation: Roles of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Subfamily Member 1 and Spicy Food in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Beyond Thermal Sensation: Roles of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Subfamily Member 1 and Spicy Food in Cardiometabolic Diseases