Selection Principle Research Articles

Benign water quality and phytoplankton status during the operation of Guishan offshore wind farm in the Pearl River Estuary, China

Wind power is a clean and renewable source of energy that plays a crucial role in the global effort to combat climate change. Yet, the effects of offshore wind farms on the marine environment remain poorly understood and there is a lack of field data analysis in this area. This study aims to address these gaps by conducting a year-long examination of water quality and phytoplankton communities around the Guishan offshore wind farm (GS-OWF) in the Lingdingyang Bay, Pearl River Estuary, China. The analysis of water quality indicators reveals repelling effect on algae dispersion but no significant contamination resulting from the running of the wind farm over the course of one year. These indicators encompassed various parameters, such as water depth (4.1 − 17.4 m), salinity (16.9 – 28.4 ‰), pH (7.41 – 8.35), temperature (20.5 − 31.2 °C), transparency (⁓ 1.5 m), dissolved oxygen (⁓ 7.5 mg L−1), chemical oxygen demand (⁓ 0.81 mg L−1), chlorophyll-a (14.7 − 0.139 μg L−1), petroleum (0 – 0.0527 mg L−1), and various heavy metals. The cell composition (4 phyla, 158 species, dominated by Bacillariophyta) and density (3 – 1809 cells m−3) demonstrate a healthy phytoplankton community. These results indicate a benign estuary environment after the construction of GS-OWF. This study provides valuable insights into the environmental effects of offshore wind farms, principles for site selection, and the integration of aquaculture convergence with offshore wind farms.

Influence of material properties of liquid absorption filters for concentrated photovoltaic/thermal hybrid systems

A concentrated photovoltaic/thermal system with a liquid filter is an effective technique to utilize the whole solar spectrum for power production. However, fundamental issues still need further investigation, including the structure of flow design and absorptive fluid selection principles. This paper presents a comparative study of optimized configurations of fluid flow channels in a concentrated photovoltaic/thermal system. MATLAB was used to study the influence of fluid thermal properties and transmittance on the system performance. The results showed that increasing the ideality factor from 0.5 to 1 can improve the overall exergy efficiencies of the coupled and decoupled concentrated photovoltaic/thermal system by 2.2 % and 2.4 %, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the coupled concentrated photovoltaic/thermal is more suitable for electrical production when the heat capacity exceeds 2500 J/kgK. The coupled system’s outlet temperature is boosted to 20˚C when the ideality factor is decreased by 20 % but requires significantly lower specific heat capacities. Overall energy efficiency tends to be higher at high heat capacity and low ideality factor values, while exergy efficiency tends to be higher at high heat capacity and high ideality factor values.

Evaluation and Screening of Technological Innovation and Entrepreneurship Based on Improved BPNN Model

Aiming at the low success rate of incubation investment of China’s technology-based start-ups, how to scientifically evaluate technology-based start-ups has become an important issue that needs to be faced. Considering the expert consultation characteristics of the Delphi method is extremely suitable for decision-making problems in the field of uncertainty, as well as the strong nonlinear mapping ability and learning ability of the backpropagation neural network (BPNN). According to the characteristics of the evaluation object and following the principle of index selection, the study uses the Delphi method to determine the evaluation index system suitable for technology-based entrepreneurial enterprises in the current environment and obtain the scores of each index. Based on the established evaluation index system, the BPNN evaluation model is further constructed, and its parameters are optimised to improve its performance. Aiming at the problem that it is easy to fall into a local optimal, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimise it, and a GA-BPNN model is constructed. The comprehensive capability of GA-BPNN is evaluated by using the excellent nonlinear characteristic analysis ability of GA-BPNN to provide a reference for important decisions such as investment. Using BPNN simulation, it was concluded that the correct rate of evaluation of qualified enterprises was between 23.32% and 89.99%, with an average correct rate of 58.32%. The average correct rate was 80.99%. The evaluation accuracy rate was unstable and the average accuracy rate was low. The optimised GA-BPNN model had an average evaluation accuracy rate of 80.32% for qualified enterprises and 93.66% for unqualified enterprises, and the average evaluation accuracy rate increased by 21.99% and 12.66%, respectively. The effectiveness of the model and algorithm was verified. It shows that the GA-BPNN model can be used as an effective tool for the evaluation and screening of technology-based entrepreneurial enterprises. The evaluation system of technology-based entrepreneurial enterprises established by research is scientific and can be applied in practice.

Yury Nikolaevich Stolyarov – an outstanding classic of the national library science

Yury Nikolaevich Stolyarov is an outstanding classic of the Russian library and information science who made an invaluable contribution into the studies of its diverse aspects. He investigated into the library theory and methodology and efficiently applied the range of research approaches, with the focus on system and multidisciplinary methodology. Y. Stolyarov has developed the scholarly discipline of library collection studies. He introduced this vector as a valid, relevant and systemic scientific knowledge, and as a scientific activities of result-oriented, self-correcting, dynamic and continuing character. In his works, Y. Stolyarov provided in-depth characteristics of library collection, criteria, and principles of selection for various document types and formats with account of user information needs. He explored the library collection development cycle in the aggregate of its basic processes, namely modelling, acquiring, organizing, and managing.

Separation processes for the treatment of industrial flue gases – Effective methods for global industrial air pollution control

The treatment of flue gases has become a crucial area of interest with the increasing air emissions into the atmosphere from industries involved in combustion of fossil fuels in their operations. In essence, there is a critical need for effective methods of treatment more than ever. Treatment and separation are now a demand for the overall industrial operations to control the rate of flue gas emissions. The major culprit in this wise is power generating industry. The major associated air pollutants are carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, trace metals, volatile organic compounds, particulate matters, and nitrogen oxides. However, the choice of technologies to be utilized requires more than just knowledge of the separation process, but also a good understanding of the properties of the pollutants. This review explored and evaluated the various separation processes and technologies for the treatment of industrial flue gases for the control of the associated air pollutants. It also analyzed the performance with references to cost and efficiency, the advantages and disadvantages, principles for selection, research direction, and/or potential opportunities in existing separation processes and technologies.

OmicsMIC: a comprehensive benchmarking platform for robust comparison of imputation methods in mass spectrometry-based omics data.

Mass spectrometry is a powerful and widely used tool for generating proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics profiles, which is pivotal for elucidating biological processes and identifying biomarkers. However, missing values in mass spectrometry-based omics data may pose a critical challenge for the comprehensive identification of biomarkers and elucidation of the biological processes underlying human complex disorders. To alleviate this issue, various imputation methods for mass spectrometry-based omics data have been developed. However, a comprehensive comparison of these imputation methods is still lacking, and researchers are frequently confronted with a multitude of options without a clear rationale for method selection. To address this pressing need, we developed omicsMIC (mass spectrometry-based omics with Missing values Imputation methods Comparison platform), an interactive platform that provides researchers with a versatile framework to evaluate the performance of 28 diverse imputation methods. omicsMIC offers a nuanced perspective, acknowledging the inherent heterogeneity in biological data and the unique attributes of each dataset. Our platform empowers researchers to make data-driven decisions in imputation method selection based on real-time visualizations of the outcomes associated with different imputation strategies. The comprehensive benchmarking and versatility of omicsMIC make it a valuable tool for the scientific community engaged in mass spectrometry-based omics research. omicsMIC is freely available at https://github.com/WQLin8/omicsMIC.

The development of information processing systems for forests and forest resources

Information systems are applied in the forestry sector to address a wide range of tasks. The process of their development has led to the emergence of a heterogeneous set of systems and methods. The aim of the research is to determine their further development and formulate a work plan. To achieve this, the author conducted a review of publications on the subject, including both theoretical works and existing systems and processing methods. The guiding principle of selection was to provide a comprehensive and thorough coverage of the subject area. The methods were classified according to the tasks they solve and presented in logical order, starting from the widely used ones and ending with experimental ones. As a result, it was found that analytical methods are developing significantly, which will lead to the emergence of new data models in the future. Geographic information systems, specifically distributed network-based ones, are also evolving. The problem of modeling forest vegetation is generally part of the task of modeling ecosystems as a whole. The author concluded that integrated information systems are a relevant direction for the industry. A project for further development was proposed, decomposing the task of building information systems. The author sees the forest inventory system as the main system, upon which all other systems depend and can be presented as separate services. The research contributes to the development of theoretical concepts of forest information processing systems. It is useful for specialists and researchers in the field of forestry, as well as developers of specialized software.

Principles of peptide selection by the transporter associated with antigen processing

Our ability to fight pathogens relies on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules presenting diverse antigens on the surface of diseased cells. The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) transports nearly the entire repertoire of antigenic peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum for MHC-I loading. How TAP transports peptides specific for MHC-I is unclear. In this study, we used cryo-EM to determine a series of structures of human TAP, both in the absence and presence of peptides with various sequences and lengths. The structures revealed that peptides of eight or nine residues in length bind in a similarly extended conformation, despite having little sequence overlap. We also identified two peptide-anchoring pockets on either side of the transmembrane cavity, each engaging one end of a peptide with primarily main chain atoms. Occupation of both pockets results in a global conformational change in TAP, bringing the two halves of the transporter closer together to prime it for isomerization and ATP hydrolysis. Shorter peptides are able to bind to each pocket separately but are not long enough to bridge the cavity to bind to both simultaneously. Mutations that disrupt hydrogen bonds with the N and C termini of peptides almost abolish MHC-I surface expression. Our findings reveal that TAP functions as a molecular caliper that selects peptides according to length rather than sequence, providing antigen diversity for MHC-I presentation.

Treatment patterns in a real-world cohort of patients with Wilson disease in the United States

BackgroundWilson disease (WD) is a rare and potentially fatal genetic disorder caused by accumulation of toxic levels of copper. Current treatments include chelating agents and/or zinc. We characterized real-world US treatment patterns in patients with WD.MethodsThis retrospective, observational medical chart review utilized deidentified clinical data, including treatment patterns, abstracted from patient medical charts between 01/2012 and 06/2017. Line of therapy was assessed based on disease presentation and aggregated. Index treatment was defined as the first line of therapy, followed by second line of therapy and third line of therapy. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 225 patients were included (mean [SD] age at diagnosis: 24.7 [9.8] years). Initial disease presentation was both neurologic/psychiatric and hepatic in 52.9%, followed by neurologic/psychiatric (20.0%), hepatic (16.9%), and asymptomatic (10.2%). Median (first and third quartiles) duration of follow-up from diagnosis was 39.5 (33.8–60.4) months. The most common first line of therapy was penicillamine monotherapy in 45.5%, followed by trientine monotherapy (26.1%) and chelator/zinc combination therapy (21.2%). A total of 167/222 (75.2%) patients remained on first line of therapy during the follow-up period. Of the 13.5% who switched to second line of therapy, most changed to trientine monotherapy (53.3%). All those who switched to third line of therapy transitioned to zinc monotherapy (100.0%). Unexpectedly, 11.3% discontinued first line of therapy without transitioning to a subsequent therapy. The primary rationale for index monotherapy selection was improved efficacy (61.6%). Most discontinuations were due to side effects/tolerability (40.8%). Treatment patterns varied by initial disease presentation, practice setting, physician specialty, and geographic location.ConclusionThese results demonstrate a lack of consensus in the US regarding first-line treatment for patients with WD. Evidence-based treatment pathways informed by high-quality clinical trials for improved health outcomes are needed.

Exploring the perspectives of transwomen on ethical issues in conducting research with the transwomen community in India: A qualitative enquiry

Background Research with or involving transwomen in India is limited; previous research has focused on understanding the problems and discriminations they face. However, no studies have focused on exploring the ethical dimension of conducting research among transwomen. This kind of research is important for true representation but is only possible when cis-gender researchers engage with transgender perspectives. The study aimed at identifying the perspective of transwomen regarding the need to undertake research among them, understanding their perspectives of research ethics and articulating requirements to ensure their inclusion in research. Methods The study was an exploratory study using qualitative research methods, conducted with transwomen in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, in collaboration with a transgender led community-based organisation. The National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research involving Human Participants by the India Council for Medical Research was the reference point for this exploration with focus on select research ethics principles and allied ethical aspects. Results Insights into the perspectives of the transwoman from this research include: research among transgender persons is much needed to understand the trans way of life, identify problems and possible solutions; researchers should be mindful of the preferred nomenclature, invest in rapport building; ensure research is done in a safe space; the results are reported in a way that does not increase stigma and the research findings are used for the benefit of the community. Conclusions While conducting research among trans-communities is important, it is essential that before starting any research with transgender persons, researchers should carefully examine questions related to who benefits from the proposed research, whether the proposed study is meaningful to the trans-community, whether it address their immediate and pressing needs and finally whether it furthers the stigma that transgender persons are subjected to, before embarking on the study.

A Multicenter Evaluation of a Metacognitive Framework for Antimicrobial Selection Education.

Antimicrobial selection is a complex task for veterinary students there is a need for both assessment tools and novel strategies to promote the proper use of antimicrobials. SODAPOP (Source-Organism-Decided to treat-Antimicrobials-Patient- Option-Plan) is a mnemonic previously designed to aid in developing antimicrobial selection skills by promoting metacognition. To assess the effect of this tool, we enrolled veterinary students (N = 238) from five veterinary teaching institutions in a study that consisted of an online survey that contained a video-based intervention. For the intervention, a video that presented principles of antimicrobial selection was embedded within the survey. For one-half of students, the video also included an explanation of SODAPOP. The survey included self-efficacy statements rated by participants pre-intervention and post-intervention. The survey also included cases, developed for this study, that were used to assess selection and plan competence. Cases were graded using two study-developed rubrics in a blinded fashion by veterinary educators. A statistically significant difference was found in participant-reported self-efficacy pre-scores and post-scores when asked about empiric prescribing (5.8 vs. 6.5; P = .0153) for the SODAPOP group but not the control group. No immediate impact on competence was found. When asked whether SODAPOP was an essential educational tool and likely to be used by participants in the future, the mean rank score (from 1-10) was 7.6 and 7.2, respectively. In addition to developing cases and rubrics, this study demonstrated that SODAPOP may be a useful tool for integration into approaches for teaching antimicrobial selection to veterinary students.

Method for selecting viewpoints of architectural heritage landscapes

The selection of viewpoints is a crucial aspect in conducting visual impact assessments of architectural heritage. To address this issue, a quantitative viewpoint selection method based on GIS spatial analysis is proposed. The first step involves defining the factors that influence the selection of viewpoints for architectural heritage. Next, the city’s historical architectural areas are divided into units based on courtyards. Subsequently, a candidate set of viewpoints is constructed by extracting the skeleton lines and characteristic points of sub-regions. Finally, following the principles of viewpoint selection, the method achieves the selection of viewpoints for the visual impact assessment of architectural heritage. The Forbidden City is chosen as the practical area for implementation, and the results demonstrate that the viewshed coverage range in the architectural heritage area is as high as 96%. It represents that this approach for visual impact assessments of architectural heritage is more grounded.

Умения визуализации учебного материала как компонент профессионально-коммуникативной компетенции учителя иностранного языка

The aim of this study is to describe the typology and content of future foreign language teachers’ mediation and communicative-interactive skills to visualize the educational material in a foreign language lesson at school. The work presents the definitions of the concept of ‘visualization of educational material’ and related concepts of ‘non-continuous text’, ‘multimedia text’, and ‘multimodal text’. The visualization of the educational material is considered in the framework of professional and communicative competence of a foreign language teacher. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the typology of mediation and communicative-interactive skills to visualize educational material in accordance with mediation and presentation strategies, a description of communicative tasks solved in terms of visualization of educational material, and the main mistakes of teachers in the implementation of these tasks. As a result, we assume that the skills of visualizing linguistic material correlate with professional and communicative strategies of mediation and explanation of educational material and require purposeful development, taking into account the key principles of competence-based, communicative, and sociocultural approaches, solved educational tasks, level and age needs of learners, principles of selection of material, cultural value of the visual sources used, and other parameters.

Principles of professional selection of nursing staff

An important component of the effective operation of a medical organization is the selection of personnel, the attraction of workers with the necessary knowledge, experience, skills, and personal qualities. Properly selected personnel forms a system of relationships between people, includes everyone in the creative process of collective work activity, in this regard, the goal of professional personnel selection is: expanding the capabilities of personnel, promoting the development of employees, their training and growth, including the promotion of employees based on the planning system and career development. Target. Improving the personnel policy of a medical organization, effective forms of searching for recruitment and selection of personnel, and placement of personnel.Results. The existing personnel planning system was analyzed, the causes of personnel turnover were studied, and measures were developed to reduce it. Conclusion. A qualitatively new level of healthcare development cannot be achieved without the effective use of the organization’s personnel, who must be competently selected, trained and adapted to professional activities.

A Minimal PBPK/PD Model with Expansion-Enhanced Target-Mediated Drug Disposition to Support a First-in-Human Clinical Study Design for a FLT3L-Fc Molecule.

FLT3L-Fc is a half-life extended, effectorless Fc-fusion of the native human FLT3-ligand. In cynomolgus monkeys, treatment with FLT3L-Fc leads to a complex pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship, with observed nonlinear PK and expansion of different immune cell types across different dose levels. A minimal physiologically based PK/PD model with expansion-enhanced target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) was developed to integrate the molecule's mechanism of action, as well as the complex preclinical and clinical PK/PD data, to support the preclinical-to-clinical translation of FLT3L-Fc. In addition to the preclinical PK data of FLT3L-Fc in cynomolgus monkeys, clinical PK and PD data from other FLT3-agonist molecules (GS-3583 and CDX-301) were used to inform the model and project the expansion profiles of conventional DC1s (cDC1s) and total DCs in peripheral blood. This work constitutes an essential part of our model-informed drug development (MIDD) strategy for clinical development of FLT3L-Fc by projecting PK/PD in healthy volunteers, determining the first-in-human (FIH) dose, and informing the efficacious dose in clinical settings. Model-generated results were incorporated in regulatory filings to support the rationale for the FIH dose selection.

The soliton and periodic solutions for the perturbed sine–cosine–Gordon equation

In the paper, the existence of soliton and periodic solutions is studied for the perturbed sine–cosine–Gordon equation. The corresponding traveling wave system is converted to a regularly Hamilton system via using bifurcation theory of differential equations and the geometric singular perturbation theory. Then by using Melnikov's method and symbolic computation, periodic wave solutions, solitary solutions, and kink and antikink solutions are obtained. The wave speed selection principles are given, respectively. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate our theoretical analysis.

Selection Rules of Transition Metal Dopants for Prussian Blue Analogs Enabling Highly Reversible Sodium Storage

AbstractRational element doping is demonstrated as an effective strategy to optimize crystal stability and enhance the electronic conductivity of Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) to achieve a satisfactory sodium storage performance. However, unraveling the dopant selection principles is still a big challenge. Herein, the integrated crystal orbital Hamilton population (ICOHP) function is adopted to evaluate the strength of chemical bonds of N‐transition metals (N‐TM) and guide the dopant selection. Among the series of ICOHP values for N‐TM (TM = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), the Cu─N bond exhibits the lowest ICOHP value, which indicates that Cu doping can improve the stability of PBAs compared to other dopants. Experimentally, among TM‐substituted Fe‐based PBAs (TMFeHCFs), the as‐prepared sample with 20 at.% Cu doping (CuFeHCF‐2) exhibits the best cycling performance, with a capacity retention of 83.5% after 400 cycles at 1 C, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation results. In addition, in situ XRD and in situ, Raman reveal a highly reversible monoclinic‐cubic two‐phase conversion and redox‐active pairs, respectively. This study provides valuable guidelines for dopant selection to enhance the performance of PBAs cathodes.

Research Progress in High-Temperature-Resistant Electromagnetic Wire.

Electromagnetic wire is the carrier of energy and signal transmission. With the rapid development in aerospace, atomic energy, and other industrial fields, there is an increasing demand for the high-temperature-resistance of electromagnetic wires. In using traditional electromagnetic wires, it is difficult to meet the current temperature-resistance requirements. Therefore, the development of high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic wire has extremely important application value. In this paper, high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic wires are divided into organic insulated high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic wires, organic-inorganic insulated composite high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic wires, and inorganic insulated high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic wires. The method of improving the temperature-resistance level of organic insulated high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic wire is introduced. The selection principle of organic-inorganic and inorganic insulation high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic-wire conductor materials is analyzed. The current research status of organic-inorganic and inorganic insulated high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic wires is reviewed. The technical routes for preparing inorganic insulated high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic wire are compared. Finally, the challenges faced by the current high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic wire are pointed out, and the future development direction of organic-inorganic-composite insulation and inorganic insulation high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic wire is proposed.

Improved genetic algorithm based on rule optimization strategy for fibre allocation

ABSTRACT In modern manufacturing industry, in order to adapt to changes in the general environment, the manufacturing industry must improve production efficiency. To this end, this article introduces an improved genetic algorithm based on rule selection to tackle the nondeterministic polynomial hard problem stemming from inventory fibre resources and fibre selection principles in optical cable production. The algorithm aims to maximize inventory score and minimize fibre segmentation rate. It employs a permutation encoding approach to link the genetic algorithm with fibre allocation solutions and applies a self-attention mechanism to determine subset solution weight within each solution. To boost the recombination of favourable gene segments from different chromosomes, a rule optimization strategy is integrated into the crossover operation based on the weights. This operations enhance the algorithm's global search capability and convergence speed. A feasibility repair strategy is then used to inspect and rectify chromosomes, preventing the generation of illegal solutions. The legitimate mutation operation, founded on weight optimization rules, effectively reduces the algorithm's running time by avoiding illegal solutions. By leveraging actual production data from an optical cable manufacturer for simulation, the experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the improved genetic algorithm in addressing the fibre allocation problem. Comparative simulations with the unimproved genetic algorithm and a stepwise greedy algorithm underscore the superiority of the improved genetic algorithm in resolving the fibre allocation problem.

Investigation on friction pressure of oil storage and brine discharge in underground salt caverns

The design and control of oil injection and brine removal constitute a crucial task in the construction of salt cavern oil storage (SCOS). In this article, the innovation is that the SCOS pressure governing equations were established, and the impacts of salt cavern depth, crude oil viscosity, as well as injection rate on pipeline friction pressure and wellhead injection pressure were calculated and assessed. Besides, the selection principle of varying viscosity crude oil in different depths of salt caverns, as well as the implementation of an optimal oil injection rate, were proposed. The findings indicated that within the depth range of 500 ∼ 2,000 m, there was a nearly linear correlation between the increase in salt cavern depths and the corresponding rise in injection pressures. The friction pressure generated by the injection pipe constituted the predominant proportion among them, and the range of oil injection pressure was 3.4 ∼ 23.0 MPa. Additionally, the injection pressure and friction pressure were primarily influenced by the viscosity of crude oil, with cavern depth and injection displacement following suit. Shallow salt caverns are optimal for storing high-viscosity crude oil, whereas deep salt caverns are better suited for low-viscosity crude oil storage.