Principles Of Green Chemistry Research Articles

On-water Catalyst-free Synthesis of 3-Alkenyl Oxindoles

3-Alkenyl oxindoles are key structural motifs in organic chemistry with a wide range of applications mainly in the pharmaceutical industry, due to excellent biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. With the discovery of the importance of oxindole derivatives in the pharmaceutical industry, demand for sustainable protocols for the synthesis increased as most classical methods have their limitations and flaws. In this study on-water, catalyst-free, atom-economical green approach was developed for the synthesis of 3- alkenyl oxindole derivatives using oxindole and aldehyde as starting materials. The reaction between oxindole and benzaldehyde was conducted on water under catalyst-free conditions. Interestingly, 100% conversion was observed when the reaction was carried out for 24 hours at 100° C. As the next step, the applicability of the developed approach was proven for different aldehydes. Furaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and vanillin were used as the aldehydes to synthesize 3- alkenyl oxindole derivatives, and the isolated yields were obtained as 77%, 54%, and 51% respectively. The desired product formation was confirmed by comparing the Rf value of the product with that of the previously synthesized well-characterized compounds; 3- benzylideneindolin-2-one, 3-(furan-3-methylene)indolin-2-one, 3-(3-phenylallylidene)indolin-2- one, and 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)indolin-2-one using Thin Layer Chromatography. Further characterization was done by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-visible (UVVis), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques. In further optimization steps, the reaction was performed using surfactants as the catalyst. By adhering to the green chemistry principles different sources of biosurfactants were used including Acacia concinna pods, Sapindus emarginatus fruit pericarp, Dillenia retusa fruit pericarp, and Trigonella foenumgraecum seeds. In order to compare the effect of biosurfactants, a synthetic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as the catalyst. When the reaction was carried out for 21 hours at 100 °C using fruit pericarp of Sapindus emarginatus as the source of biosurfactant, 100% conversion was observed. Using water as the solvent, readily available starting materials, higher yield, and eco-friendliness and catalyst-free conditions suggest the possible use of the developed method for large-scale preparations of 3-alkenyl oxindole derivatives.
 Keywords: Green protocol, Oxindole derivatives, Surfactant, On water synthesis, Catalyst-free

Chemo-Enzymatic Derivatization of Glycerol-Based Oligomers: Structural Elucidation and Potential Applications.

Switching from oil-based to bio-based feedstocks to ensure the green transition to a sustainable and circular future is one of the most pressing challenges faced by many industries worldwide. For the cosmetics and personal and house care industries there is a strong drive to accelerate this transition from the customers that starts favoring the purchase of naturally derived and bio-degradable products over the traditionally available products. In this work we developed a series of fully biobased macromolecules constituted of a glycerol-based oligoester backbone. Based on the subsequent derivatization with fatty acids or peptides, the resulting products may find application as emulsifiers, wetting agents, and potential vectors for the delivery of bioactive peptides. All steps of the resulting macromolecules were conducted following the green chemistry principles with no toxic or environmentally damaging compounds that were used in the overall production process.

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Cuprous Complexes for X-ray Scintillation and Imaging.

Cuprous complex scintillators show promise for X-ray detection with abundant raw materials, diverse luminescent mechanisms, and adjustable structures. However, their synthesis typically requires a significant amount of organic solvents, which conflict with green chemistry principles. Herein, we present the synthesis of two high-performance cuprous complex scintillators using a simple mechanochemical method for the first time, namely [CuI(PPh3)2R] (R = 4-phenylpyridine hydroiodide (PH, Cu-1) and 4-(4-bromophenyl)pyridine hydroiodide (PH-Br, Cu-2). Both materials demonstrated remarkable scintillation performances, exhibiting radioluminescence (RL) intensities 1.52 times (Cu-1) and 2.52 times (Cu-2) greater than those of Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO), respectively. Compared to Cu-1, the enhanced RL performance of Cu-2 can be ascribed to its elevated quantum yield of 51.54%, significantly surpassing that of Cu-1 at 37.75%. This excellent luminescent performance is derived from the introduction of PH-Br, providing a more diverse array of intermolecular interactions that effectively constrain molecular vibration and rotation, further suppressing the nonradiative transition process. Furthermore, Cu-2 powder can be prepared into scintillator film with excellent X-ray imaging capabilities. This work establishes a pathway for the rapid, eco-friendly, and cost-effective synthesis of high-performance cuprous complex scintillators.

Eco-Friendly Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for Related Compounds in Pemetrexed Ditromethamine (Antineoplastic Agent) for Injection.

An eco-friendly analytical technique was developed with the intention of preserving the environment by using green chemistry principles. Pemetrexed is a folate analogue indicated for the treatment of advanced lung cancer. Development of a green stability-indicating HPLC method for the quantification of pemetrexed ditromethamine (PDT) impurities in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) and parenteral dosage form. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Zorbax SB C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 3.5 µ particle size) with perchlorate buffer (pH 3.0 ± 0.1, 50 mM) as mobile phase A and acetonitrile-perchlorate (90 + 10, v/v) buffer as mobile phase B at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min with a column temperature of 40°C ± 0.5°C. All analytes were well resolved by gradient elution with a total run time of 75 min. The UV detection wavelength was 230 nm. The RP-HPLC method is capable of resolving all the degradation and process impurities for PDT API and parenteral dosage form. The related compounds method was validated in accordance with International conference on harmonization (ICH) Q2(R1) and United states of Pharmacopoeia (USP) <1225> guidelines, and found to be accurate, specific, precise, linear, robust and stability-indicating. The precision and intermediate results were <5% CV for all the impurities. The accuracy for all the impurities was found to be between 90 and 110%. The linearity of regression co-efficient values for all the impurities were found to be more than 0.999. The proposed related compounds method is found suitable for the determination of process and degradation impurities of commercial formulations, stability samples in QC analysis for PDT API, and drug product. The developed liquid chromatographic method greenness and eco-friendliness were assessed using the green analytical procedure index (GAPI) and the analytical greenness (AGREE) tool, and found to be green. A PDT detoxification procedure was also developed to reduce environmental pollution.

Evaluation of deep eutectic solvents in the synthesis of molecularly imprinted fibers for the solid-phase microextraction of triazines in soil samples.

Nowadays, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are well established and are considered excellent materials for performing selective extractions. However, with the progressive implementation of the principles of green chemistry, it is necessary to find greener alternatives for both the synthesis and further use of MIPs in sample preparation. Accordingly, in the present work, different deep eutectic solvents (DES, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic), as an alternative to conventional organic solvents (i.e., toluene), were evaluated as porogens for the synthesis of imprinted fibers (monoliths), using fused silica capillaries as molds, for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). From this study, the polymer prepared with propazine (dummy template), methacrylic acid (monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross-linker), and a formic acid:L-menthol (1:1) DES (porogen) showed the best performance for selective rebinding of triazines. After optimization of the different variables involved in SPME, the new imprinted fibers were successfully applied to the extraction of target analytes (desisopropylatrazine, desethylatrazine, simazine, and atrazine) from soil sample extracts, providing relative recoveries ranging from 75.7 to 120.1%, reaching limits of detection within the range of 6.2-15.7ngg-1, depending upon the analyte.

Visible‐Light‐Photocatalyzed Pinacol Coupling in Water

AbstractWe present a green and efficient approach for synthesizing vicinal diols via a metal‐free photocatalyzed pinacol coupling reaction in water or aqueous media. The mild and practical reaction conditions, including a commercially available organic photocatalyst and a nontoxic solvent, provide wide functional group tolerance while furnishing the corresponding vicinal diols in high yields. Mechanistic studies reveal the crucial role of Hantzsch ester (HEH), which undergoes single‐electron oxidation and subsequently acts as a proton donor to aldehydes for proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET). This work contributes to the development of environmentally friendly methodologies for carbon−carbon bond formation, aligning with the principles of green and sustainable chemistry.

Water-based Synthesis of MIL-53(Al) at Room Temperature: An Eff ective Adsorbent for Oxytetracycline (OTC) Antibiotic Removal from Water

MIL-53(Al), a fl exible metal-organic framework, was synthesized by a facile method through a water-based method at room temperature, aligning with the principles of green chemistry. The objective was to investigate its effectiveness in removing pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), specifi cally focusing on oxytetracycline (OTC). Our fi ndings revealed that MIL-53(Al) possesses a structure with both micropores and mesopores, with a specifi c surface area of 916 m2/g. MIL-53(Al) notably exhibited a higher OTC adsorption capacity than commercially available powder activated carbon (PAC). The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, while the Langmuir model accurately described the experimental isotherms for OTC adsorption. MIL-53(Al) outperformed previously reported MOF-based adsorbents with a maximum of 1005 mg/g capacity at pH 7. The fl exible structure induces a breathing effect that signifi cantly improves intraparticle diffusion for OTC, contributing to its adsorption effi ciency. The adsorption of OTC was infl uenced by the solution pH, the acid dissociation constants of OTC, and the charged surface of the adsorbent. Pore fi lling, hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction, electrostatic interaction, and hydrophobic interaction were all associated with the adsorptive interaction between OTC and MIL-53(Al). The MIL-53(Al) also demonstrated good regeneration and reuse, with just a little decreased adsorption capacity after three reuse cycles. These fi ndings indicate that green material MIL-53(Al) has the potential to be an effective adsorbent for removing OTC from water matrices

Direct Immersion-Solid Phase Microextraction for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Patients with Mood Disorders.

This article discusses a new method for monitoring drug concentrations in blood samples from patients with mood disorders. The method uses solid-phase microextraction to extract analytes directly from blood samples. It has been adapted to identify the most commonly used drugs in mood disorders, including amitriptyline, citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, trazodone, duloxetine, venlafaxine, lamotrigine, quetiapine, olanzapine, and mirtazapine. The analysis is carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. The proposed DI-SPME/LC-MS method allows for a simple and quick screening analysis while minimizing the volume of the tested sample and solvent, in line with the principles of green analytical chemistry. The method was used to analyze 38 blood samples taken from patients with mood disorders, and drug concentrations were determined and compared with therapeutic and toxic dose ranges. This allowed for better control of the course of treatment.

Designing A Proposed Educational Program Based on the Principles of Green Chemistry and Measuring its Effectiveness in Developing Related Concepts for Secondary School Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Designing A Proposed Educational Program Based on the Principles of Green Chemistry and Measuring its Effectiveness in Developing Related Concepts for Secondary School Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

N-substituted pyrrole carboxylic acid derivatives from 3,4-dihydroxyketons.

Since the chemical industry is largely dependent on petrol-based feedstocks, new sources are required for a sustainable industry. Conversion of biomass to high-value compounds provides an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach, which might be a potential solution to reduce petrol-based starting materials. This also applies for N-heterocycles, which are a common structural motif in natural products, pharmaceuticals and functional polymers. The synthesis of pyrroles is a well-studied and established process. Nevertheless, most routes described are not in line with the principles of green and sustainable chemistry and employ harsh reaction conditions and harmful solvents. In this study, 3,4-dihydroxyketons are used as excellent platform chemicals for the production of N-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxylic- and pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acids, as they can be prepared from glucose through the intermediate d-glucarate and converted into pyrrolic acid derivatives under mild conditions in water. The scope of this so far unknown reaction was examined using a variety of primary amines and aqueous ammonium chloride leading to pyrrolic acid derivatives with N-substituents like alkane-, alkene-, phenyl- and alcohol-groups with yields up to 20 %. The combination of both, enzymatic conversion and chemical reaction opens up new possibilities for further process development. Therefore, a continuous chemo-enzymatic system was set up by first employing an immobilized enzyme to catalyze the conversion of d-glucarate to the 3,4-dihydroxyketone, which is further converted to the pyrrolic acid derivatives by a chemical step in continuous flow.

MicroCycle: An Integrated and Automated Platform to Accelerate Drug Discovery.

We herein describe the development and application of a modular technology platform which incorporates recent advances in plate-based microscale chemistry, automated purification, in situ quantification, and robotic liquid handling to enable rapid access to high-quality chemical matter already formatted for assays. In using microscale chemistry and thus consuming minimal chemical matter, the platform is not only efficient but also follows green chemistry principles. By reorienting existing high-throughput assay technology, the platform can generate a full package of relevant data on each set of compounds in every learning cycle. The multiparameter exploration of chemical and property space is hereby driven by active learning models. The enhanced compound optimization process is generating knowledge for drug discovery projects in a time frame never before possible.

Evaluating Multienzyme Cascade Routes for Pharmaceutically Relevant Molecules

AbstractThe constant demand for sustainable approaches to pharmaceutical synthesis has thrived the enzyme catalysis (biocatalysis) field. The most sought‐after features like high specificity, environmentally benign, and biodegradable nature have rendered enzymatic processes predominantly eco‐friendly. Owing to these merits, biocatalysis is now being developed extensively to exploit their applications in designing alternate and sustainable synthetic routes for manufacturing pharmaceuticals, in line with green chemistry principles. Further, combining multiple enzymes in one‐pot is a highly efficient methodology as it eliminates intermediate isolation, shifts equilibrium in the forward direction, and proceeds in ambient aqueous conditions. This review highlights the importance of recently developed multienzyme cascade synthesis of pharmaceutically important bioactive molecules by relating them with their well‐known chemical route.

Life cycle assessment of agave bagasse management strategies: PLA biocomposites versus conventional waste disposal practices

Tequila production is one of Mexico's largest agro-industries, generating significant amounts of agave bagasse (AB) as its primary solid waste. Current AB management practices encompass composting, open dumps, and incineration. Life cycle analysis was developed to compare the environmental impact of these management scenarios with developing value-added agave fiber (AF) reinforced plastic biocomposites and generating biogas through anaerobic digestion. The assessment compares three molding methods for the PLA-AF biocomposite, with the environmental impact evaluated against pure PLA and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Extrusion-injection molding was the most environmentally friendly molding method across all indicators, primarily due to the reduced inputs required for pretreating the fibers. Among the current management scenarios, composting was the least environmentally impactful for the global warming potential indicator. Nonetheless, composting requires substantial time and land use, posing challenges for some producers. Incineration displayed a significant trade-off on the fossil resource scarcity indicator by replacing natural gas. Anaerobic digestion displayed high impacts in all indicators as AB does not yield high methane potential. While the production of PLA-AF displays a significantly higher environmental impact, it remains a preferable option when compared to pure PLA and may further improve its sustainability through green chemistry principles. Notably, LDPE was less environmentally impactful than both bioplastic options assessed, due to the environmental impacts of PLA production and the widespread standardization of LDPE production processes. Context-specificity is critical to assess the environmental impact of circular bioeconomy pathways, which are not always inherently beneficial, while addressing SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production.

Development of a green analytical methodology based on a deep eutectic solvent for the determination of pesticide residues in industrial hemp

In this study, in accordance with the green analytical chemistry principles, the use of eco-friendly solvents has been proposed for the first time for the analysis of pesticide residues in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). With this aim, betaine-based natural deep eutectic solvents with lactic acid and propylene glycol were explored as extraction solvents in the solid–liquid extraction of fifteen pesticides from hemp samples. The mixture composed of betaine:propylene glycol at molar ratio 1:4 (n/n) was selected due to its better analytical performance. The separation, identification and quantification of pesticides were carried out by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The extraction protocol was optimised through the step-by-step strategy, evaluating NADES composition, water addition to the solvent, solid–liquid ratio, and re-extraction solvent. The analytical methodology was validated in terms of calibration (linear regression with R2 ≥0.9966), trueness and precision (average relative recovery of 63–77% with relative standard deviation ≤20%) and sensitivity (limits of quantification of 0.663–3.625 µg/kg). These results successfully demonstrated the convenience of the developed approach for the determination of pesticides in industrial hemp, which has industrial applications such as the production of food and supplements, cosmetics, and textiles, which should not compromise the health of consumers. In addition, the comparison with previously reported research in this field showed that not only the present method is more sensitive, but also more sustainable and economical.

One pot synthesis of the β-enaminones using visible light mediated Nb2O5/g-C3N4 photocatalytic reaction

Synthesis of various β-enaminones derivatives using substituted aromatic amines and cyclic 1,3-diketone in the presence of visible light driven catalyst of Niobium pentoxide decorated on 2D-Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) sheet. In this method, a simple procedure is followed utilizing the green chemistry principles and observed high selectivity, less reaction time and good yield without the need of column chromatographic purification. The prepared catalyst and product are characterized by various spectroscopy techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, XPS, SEM-EDX, Elemental Mapping, HR-TEM, SAED pattern, UV–Vis. Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UVDRS), EIS, Photoluminescence (PL) and 1H NMR spectra. The product is achieved in 90–98 % yield under mild reaction conditions utilizing non-toxic and environmentally benign heterogeneous catalyst. Further the catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration method and the product is without any chromatographic purification for the desired products.

Synthesis and application of a phenazine class substrate for high-throughput screening of laccase activity

Biocatalysis is one of the greatest tools for implementing the 12 principles of Green chemistry. Biocatalysts are bio-based, highly efficient and selective, operate at moderate conditions, and can be reused multiple times. However, the wider application of biocatalysts is plagued by a plethora of drawbacks, such as poor stability at operating conditions, inadequate efficiency of catalytic systems, a small number of commercially available biocatalysts, and a lack of substrates or methods for their discovery and development. In this work, we address the lack of suitable substrates for high-throughput screening of laccase by synthesising and investigating a newly developed phenazine-type substrate – Ferbamine. Investigation of Ferbamine pH and thermal stability indicated that its long-term stability in an aqueous medium is superior to that of commercially available substrates and does not require organic solvents. Ferbamine displayed convincing performance in detecting laccase activity on Ferbamine-agar plates in commercial laccase products and the collection of extracts from wild terrestrial fungi (42 species, 65 extracts), of which 26 species have not been described to have laccase activity prior to this work. Incubation of microorganisms on Ferbamine-agar plates showed its compatibility with live colonies. Ferbamine proved to be an easy-to-use substrate, which could be a great addition to the toolbox of methods for the functional analysis of laccases.

Anhydrous metal nanoparticle suspensions using deep eutectic solvents (DES) – Green approach to metal nanoparticles production

Following the principles of green chemistry and the concept of sustainable development, a method was developed to obtain suspensions of metal nanoparticles, i.e. Ag, Au, Cu, Ni and Sn in deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The choice of DES (type III quaternary ammonium salt + hydrogen bond donor) as the base for the preparation of metal nanoparticles allowed the elimination of unnecessary solvents and the removal of the introduction of additional reactants, as DES acted as both a metal ion reducer and a stabiliser of the formed nanoparticles in the system. Running the process to obtain metal nanoparticle suspensions in an anhydrous environment (possible trace water content) ensured high stability of the nanoparticles. Suspensions with a nanoparticle concentration of 250 mg/kg were characterised by a reduced pH of 5–6, which in the future increases their application potential in, among others, coatings exposed to skin or in acidic concentrates used for cleaning. Spherical nanoparticles with an average size of approx. 14.40, 14.00, 60.38, 26.50 and 16.36 nm were obtained for Ag, Au, Cu, Ni and Sn NPs, respectively. The developed method will enable the future use of metal nanoparticle suspensions in DESs as additives both in materials sensitive to the aqueous environment and in products with neutral or acidic pH. The developed method is also a versatile approach to the synthesis of nanoparticles, following the principles of green chemistry by maximising the potential of the reactants used.

Development and optimization of green extraction of polyphenols in Michelia alba using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and evaluation of bioactivity

The development of bioactive natural products should take traditional as well as environmental factors into account to comply with the principles of green chemistry. This study evaluates the use of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for polyphenols extraction from Michelia alba (M.alba). We compared the extraction performance of traditional solvents and screened nine different NADES for the tailored solution of M. alba. Environmental impact and extraction effectiveness were both taken into account throughout development. In order to save environmental resources in experiments, the effects of ultrasonic time, water content in NADES, and liquid-solid ratio on the extraction were investigated by single-factor experiments. These parameters were optimized by Box-Behnken design using response surface methodology. The optimum extraction conditions were 17.98 min of ultrasonic time, 48.52% of NADES water content, and 59.79 g/ml of liquid-solid ratio, which resulted in a high yield of 169.17 ± 0.19 mg/g. Morphological analysis of M. alba powder before and after extraction was carried out, and the findings indicated that the tailored NADES extraction technique provided a higher yield than the conventional extraction process. Additionally, The bioactivities of M. alba extraction are predicted with network pharmacology based on HPLC-MS/MS results and are further validated with cell experiments. Therefore, the green and high-efficiency method developed in this study provides a powerful tool that can utilize M. alba to its full potential and is environmentally friendly. The excellent bioactivities of M. alba extraction shown in this study suggest the potential value of M. alba extraction in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food additive applications.

Nine principles of green heritage science: life cycle assessment as a tool enabling green transformation

AbstractThis literature review presents a comprehensive review of life Cycle Assessmernt (LCA), as an emerging tool in the field of cultural heritage research and demonstrate how this tool could be useful to support the development of green heritage science into an environmentally responsible field of scientific endeavour. LCA is a standardised, structured, comprehensive, international environmental assessment tool and a rapidly evolving field of research that leverages and harmonises efforts across many sectors to inform environmentally-friendly solutions and choices. LCA has been growing in importance as an evidence-based tool in the field of heritage science, being used as a decision-support tool at micro level (typically for questions related to specific products/processes) and macro levels (e.g. strategies, scenarios, and policy options). This review explores applications of LCA (and the complementary Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCC), and Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA)) to a wide array of conservation and preservation actions. The paper also examines challenges associated with the application of these life cycle-based methods in heritage science, in order to put forward a set of recommendations to guide the domain of heritage science towards greener and more sustainable practices and impacts.Based on a review of the principles of green chemistry, green analytical chemistry, green engineering, and nature conservation, the paper also attempts to formulate nine principles of green heritage science, taking into account the complexity of research challenges and the environmental and socio-economic sustainability.

A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for Cr6+ ions detection using Ag NPs/rGO/quercetin modified glassy carbon electrode for water applications

Heavy metals possess some serious hazardous influence on the environment as well as on human health. Monitoring of Cr6+ ions using the electrochemical sensing method proves to be an effective analytical tool and has an edge over the other conventional technologies. The glassy carbon electrode used in this study has its surface modified with highly sensitive silver nanoparticles, conductive 2-dimensional carbon material, and a metal chelating bio-compound prepared to significantly impact the selectivity and sensing of metal ions in the electrochemical determination. Applying the green chemistry principle, Graphene Oxide is reduced and functionalized simultaneously using a natural flavonoid called quercetin. Turkevich method was used to synthesis Silver nanoparticles. A novel composite is prepared by taking these compounds in a 1:1:2 ratio. The working electrode's surface was modified using this Ag NPs/Q-rGO composite and used in the analysis of Cr6+ ions. The physio-chemical characterization of the synthesized Ag NPs/quercetin-rGO composite was carried out. The surface morphology of the novel composite was observed. The cyclic voltammetry technique was used for electrochemical characterization. The monitoring of the Cr6+ metal ions using the Ag NPs/Q-rGO electrode was done with differential pulse voltammetry technique. The cyclic voltammogram for the Ag NPs/Q-rGO showed two anodic peaks at Epa1 = 0.28 V, Epa2 = 0.38 V, and one cathodic peak was seen at Epc = 0.14 V. Analytical parameters like the effect of electrolytes and the effect of pH were optimized. The results obtained from DPV experiments showed that the Ag NPs/Q-rGO electrode is efficient enough to sense the Cr6+ ions. Interpretation from the Linear plot helped in determining the LOD and LOQ of Cr6+ ions in the system which was found to be 0.07 μgL−1 and 0.224 μgL−1 respectively.