Principle Of Expansion Research Articles

El sistema narrativo del Quijote: la construcción del personaje Cide Hamete Benengeli

This essay presents a semiological study of the character Cide Hamete and attempts to demonstrate that this character is simply a rhetorical procedure in the discursive construction of the novel. It includes a study of the system of fictitious authors in Don Quixote from the viewpoint of the semiology of literature. Examining the praxis in Don Quixote, it studies the construction and disposition of a) the real author in the text, b) the principal narrator, and c) the rhetorical system of the fictitious authors. The concluding summary attempts to justify, from the viewpoint of the principle of discreteness, the polyphonic and discontinuous expansion provided by Don Quixote's narrative system, as a body of successive and concentric recursive procedures.

レーザ照射によるｆｃｃ金属の溶融・蒸発過程の研究 分子動力学シミュレーション

Considering the principle of minimum potential energy and thermal expansion, atomic array model of fcc metal is constructed at room temperature through the molecular dynamics, where 12000 atoms are arranged in 60 atoms per layer in the direction of width and 200 layers in the direction of depth. It is confirmed that velocity of atoms at room temperature has a Maxwell distribution. A simple model of laser absorption of crystal and a method to estimate stress state of atoms are proposed. Applying molecular dynamics, atomic behavior of copper, aluminum and lead with laser irradiation is simulated. Variation of atomic array and stress state of atoms during and after laser irradiation are shown visually. Main conclusions obtained are summarized as follows : (1) Thermal shock wave travels to interior of material with laser irradiation. Especially, when surface vapors explosively, large compressed-field occurs due to its reaction. (2) Propagation velocity of thermal shock wave is equal to elastic wave velocity. (3) Particles scatter in pieces as relatively fine cluster when power density is higher. On the other hand, the vicinity of surface bounds out forming relatively large lumps when power density is lower. (4) Degree of these phenomena varies with material and depends on the well depth of pair potential.

Unconstrained-endpoint dynamic space-warping algorithm with experiments in binary English character images

The unconstrained-endpoint dynamic space-warping algorithm (UEDSWA) is presented for two-dimensional template matching. The UEDSWA computes three kinds of distances: pixel-distance, line-distance and area-distance. Pixel-distance is the distance between two pixels and is computed by using a pixel-distance measuring scheme. Line- and area-distances are the distances between two line segments and rectangular areas, respectively. Both distances are computed using dynamic programming techniques based on the principle of compression and expansion. The UEDSWA computes a minimum distance from two image templates. By using binary English character images, experimental results show that the minimum distances computed by the UEDSWA have great potential for measuring the similarities between binary images.

Vacuum gauge calibration by a combination of expansion and pumpdown methods

A combined approach to the calibration of vacuum gauges is described. It is based on the principle of expansion and pumpdown methods. Two chambers V1 and V2 are connected by conductance Ck. Gas is first expanded into V1 (expansion method), admitted into V2 via Ck, and then pumped away through an orifice of conductance C2. The pressure P2 in V2 decreases exponentially (pumpdown method). A formula for computing P2 is given. Calibration of a Bayard–Alpert type ionization gauge has been carried out in the range 10−4–5×10−7 Torr (1.3×10−2–6.7×10−5 Pa). Possible experimental errors are discussed. A total uncertainty of about 5.2% has been estimated.

On evolutionary systems.

This paper develops a metatheoretical framework for understanding evolutionary systems (systems that develop in ways that increase their own variety). The framework addresses shortcomings seen in other popular systems theories. It concerns both living and nonliving systems, and proposes a metahierarchy of hierarchical systems. Thus, it potentially addresses systems at all descriptive levels. We restrict our definition of system to that of a core system whose parts have a different ontological status than the system, and characterize the core system in terms of five global properties: minimal length interval, minimal time interval, system cycle, total receptive capacity, and system potential. We propose two principles through the interaction of which evolutionary systems develop. The Principle of Combinatorial Expansion describes how a core system realizes its developmental potential through a process of progressive differentiation of the single primal state up to a limit stage. The Principle of Generative Condensation describes how the components of the last stage of combinatorial expansion condense and become the environment for and components of new, enriched systems. The early evolution of the Universe after the "big bang" is discussed in light of these ideas as an example of the application of the framework.

Ligand effects on metal-oxygen stretching frequencies in dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes

Several new seven-coordinated dioxomolybdenum(VI) heterochelates, [MoO2(AA)(BBB)], where AA = bidentate ligand = ethylenediamine, 2-aminoethylpyridine,o-pheny-lenediamine,o-phenanthroline or 2,2′-dipyridyl; BBB = tridentate ligand (the Schiff base derived from benzoylhydrazide and salicylaldehyde), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, molecular weight, i.r. spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The principle of coordination number expansion of a six coordinate homochelate, [MoO2(H2O)(BBB)] was used to prepare the complexes, which are nonelectrolytes, monomers and diamagnetic. The i.r. spectral data reveal that they possess acis-MoO2 structure. The νsym(OMoO) and νasym(OMoO) shifts and the difference between νsym(OMoO) and νasym(OMoO) have been related to an increase in electron density at the molybdenum atom therein.

Momentum density approach to the second energy gradient

Previously, rigorous equations, which relate the total energy and interatomic force of a molecular system with the electron density in momentum space, have been derived and applied to the analysis of several interatomic interactions. This approach of momentum density is extended here to the second gradient of the energy with respect to the internuclear distance. It is shown that the second energy gradient, including the harmonic force constant, is also governed by the manner of the electron momentum distribution and the guiding principle of contraction and expansion is valid. The results are illustrated for the interactions in the two lowest states (1∑+g and 3∑+u) of the H2 system.

A method for injection and transplantation of nuclei and cells inDrosophila eggs

Microinjection ofDrosophila eggs using the principle of thermal expansion is described. The eggs, mounted on cover slips with adhesive, are slightly dried to avoid the formation of exudate and then covered with fluorocarbon oil. Injections are made with a specially designed electrically controlled micropipette.

Injection of horseradish peroxidase solution in calibrated volumes (nanolitre) into the spinal cord

A method for the injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the spinal cord (SC) is described, based on the principle of fluid expansion upon application of heat. HRP solution in the tip of a glass micropipette (tip diameter 10–15 μm) was extruded when the sealed stem of the pipette, containing distilled water, was warmed. The pipette was calibrated (temperature/volume relation) before it was inserted into the SC and the injection of HRP was made according to the calibration curve. Using the pipette as an electrode it was possible to locate its tip with reference to recorded field potentials. After the injection, the volume of HRP solution actually injected was determined.

ON CONDITIONS OF EXPANDIBILITY OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS IN DIRICHLET SERIES

A function , analytic in or analytic in and continuous in , where is an open bounded convex domain, is related to the well-known principle of expansion in Dirichlet series with exponents , which are the zeros of an entire function of exponential type . Necessary and sufficient conditions on are given which insure that the series always converges in to .

Project MACETIE (Multistage adiabatic compression and equi-temperature irreversible expansion)

The principle of Project MACETIE and the preliminary experiment are described. The basis of our plan is the thought that the goal of controlled thermonuclear fusion may be accessible by the multistage alternating processes of adiabatic compression and irreversible expansion of plasma. In the latter process, the plasma compressed by a strong magnetic field is expanded into a region of weaker magnetic field. A static consideration of this expansion suggests that plasma temperature will not change appreciably in this process, and a second adiabatic compression of plasma in the weak field may further increase its temperature. Preliminary experiments are being carried out to examine the foregoing principle of irreversible expansion.