Critical Principles Research Articles

Psychological Difficulties during the Covid Lockdown: Video in Blended Digital Teaching Language, Literature, and Culture

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused an urgent necessity for higher education institutions and their teaching staff to move the educational process online in the shortest possible time. It should be admitted that higher education worldwide is changing, and institutions face challenges when adapting to the new COVID-19 reality – blended digital teaching and learning. They are tackling several issues connected with the essence of virtual education, its technical aspect, and students’ learning environment. During COVID-19 lockdown, teachers have to prepare and deliver their classes from home, simultaneously coping with numerous professional and technical challenges, often without any appropriate support. In addition to that, they were lack of technology literacy, professional knowledge, and experience needed for successful E-teaching. Besides, a new mode of blended digital teaching and learning also made them consider technical and administrative aspects of the current educational process, namely to use new educational platforms and tools, organize active workflows, and work out critical educational principles to design and facilitate practical online experiences. Along with the challenges that the teachers face in such conditions, they should be able to cope with the stress and psychological disorders of pupils and students. The article emphasizes the abnormal psychology of youngsters (pupils and students) as the result of stress and anxiety that appeared during Covid lockdown – the application of psychological science to understanding and treating mental disorders – and the use of video as a productive means of avoiding psychological disabilities. The research objective is to prove that video is an effective educational tool for avoiding psychological difficulties in blended digital learning during COVID-19 lockdown while teaching foreign languages, literature, and culture. Special attention is paid to psychological strategies of overcoming stress during COVID-19 lockdown, as well as to effective ways to students’ adapt to a virtual learning environment, development and implementation of anti-stress methods, which heighten their motivation. The article also heads on and explores potential solutions to educational problems that one can encounter in the new educational process at the post-COVID-19 epidemic period, such as the quality of education offered, its cost and availability, internationalization, and employability.

Standards of Classical Architecture Criticism: Between Mathematics and Philosophy

Criticism is an intellectual process that primarily searches for beauty aspects in the works of art, including architecture. This article explores the mathematical and philosophical principles of classical architectural criticism. It is hypothesized that design criteria during the Classic period were clear and specific. The research presents theories of classical art that focus on the process of beauty interpretation. It also assesses the mathematical evaluation of architectural art and beauty through “The Golden Ratio” and “The “Fibonacci Sequence.” Classical philosophy, and its perception of beauty, is discussed as an essential basis in any artistic critical activity. The research asserts that the science of aesthetics is both objective and subjective, which explains the difference in aesthetic evaluation across eras. Objectivity stems from conditions of proportionality that must be met for an architectural art to be aesthetically judged as beautiful. Subjectivity lies in the time and place of the architectural work, whereby tendencies, tastes, and needs related to the human and geographical environment can affect the standards of beauty. This makes the evaluation of beauty in classical architecture a delicate and complex process in which many aspects must be considered to have an objective, fair, and correct judgment.

Disentangling critical success factors and principles of on-farm agricultural demonstration events

ABSTRACT Purpose: The paper identifies, outlines, and categorises establishment and operational factors that contribute to successful agricultural on-farm demonstration. Design/Methodology/approach: The paper is based on a literature review on demonstration activities and meta-analysis of 24 original case study reports from 12 European countries. Findings: Based on a combination of deductive and inductive analysis, the success determinants are classified into nine critical success factors deemed important in designing an on-farm demonstration event (the ‘Nine Ps'): Purpose, Problem, Place, Personnel, Positioning, Programme, Process, Practicalities, Post-event engagement. Each factor (‘what') is framed in terms of success principles to provide a guide to its enactment (‘how'). Practical implications: The results of the analysis can serve as a practical decision-support tool for organisers and evaluators of on-farm demonstration events. Theoretical implications: The paper broadens the perspective on the character, interlinkages, and relative importance of the factors underlying demonstration and their successful application within the agricultural knowledge and innovation system. Originality/Value: The paper addresses the deficit of comprehensive empirical studies investigating on-farm demonstrations by offering a rich research-based analysis of the factors and principles underlying their successful implementation.

Overview and Evaluation of Existing Guidelines for Rational Antimicrobial Use in Small-Animal Veterinary Practice in Europe.

Antimicrobial stewardship guidelines (ASGs) represent an important tool to help veterinarians optimize their antimicrobial use with the objective of decreasing antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to map and qualitatively assess the ASGs for antimicrobial use in cats and dogs in Europe. Country representatives of the European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT) were asked to identify ASGs published in their countries. All collated ASGs updated since January 2010 containing recommendations on antimicrobial therapy for at least three conditions affecting different organ systems in cats and dogs underwent detailed review including AGREE II analysis. Out of forty countries investigated, fifteen ASGs from eleven countries met the inclusion criteria. Several critical principles of antimicrobial use were identified, providing a framework that should assist development of stewardship guidance. The AGREE II analysis highlighted several methodological limitations of the currently available ASGs. This study sheds light on the lack of national ASGs for dogs and cats in multiple European countries and should encourage national bodies to prioritize guideline development in small animals. A greater awareness of the need to use a structured approach to guideline development could improve the quality of ASGs in the future.

Ethnocultural code in the Crimean Tatar literary criticism (on the example of Shakir Selim’s literary-criticism article “About Shamil Alyadin, Charyks and a Pocket Knife”)

 Based on the analysis of causality and reasonableness of arguments of such literary scholars as Shakir Selim and Shamil Alyadin, this article attempt to determine the ethnocultural code of the Crimean Tatar literary criticism. The author applies the approach of methodological pluralism, as well as hermeneutical, logical, historical-genetic, comparative-typological, phenomenological, and psychological methods. This allows considering various perspectives of the aforementioned literary scholars upon the variants of critical analysis of the artistic heritage of the classic of Crimean Tatar literature Memet Nuzet. The article outlines the basic principles of literary criticism, declared by Shakir Selim and Shamil Alyadin, as well as their dependence on the ethnocultural code of the Crimean Tatars. The scientific novelty of this research consists in the attempt of carrying out a comprehensive hermeneutical analysis of Shakir Selim’s literary-criticism work “About Shamil Alyadin, Charyks and the Pocket Knife” through the prism of methodological pluralism in the aspect of ethnocultural code. The author’s main contribution consists in the reflection of the “clash of opinions” of three literary critics – this is the critical article by Shakir Selim, based on the response of Pirae Kadri-Zade, written to Shamil Alyadin’s criticism essay on the poem composed by the classic of the Crimean Tatar literature Memet Nuzet. 

Towards an Anti-Barthesian Reading of Poetry: "Kublakhan" as a Case Study

Samuel Taylor's Coleridge's poem "Kublakhan" was composed when the poet experienced an opium-influenced dream and after reading a book on Xanadu and the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan. The present study aims to analyze this genuine poem by means of Roland Barthes's theory of the author's death. It also refers to Sigmund Freud's principles of psycho-analytical criticism. It focuses on the interpretation of the dream in it as a kin way to make a literary analysis of it. The study significantly defies "The death of the author" theory, arguing that "Kublakhan" is a representation of Coleridge's id; hence a close reading of the poet's biography would help better to understand the scattered images of the poem. The study contends that “Kublakhan” is a reflection of Coleridge’s abandonment and self-defeat. It resembles his wish to fulfill his desire for personal success and self- confidence.

The Role of Community in Sustainable Tourism. Case Study: Girsang Simpangan Bolon

Abstract. Sustainable tourism must consider three aspects of sustainability, namely economic, social and environmental aspects. To support sustainable tourism development, the community's role in tourism development or Tourism Based Community (TBC) is one of the critical principles that must be fulfilled because it is the component closest to and tied to regional tourism. This research examines the community's role in Girsang Sipangan Bolon District, Simalungun Regency in the development of sustainable tourism. The study uses quantitative methods by collecting data through distributing questionnaires. The observations show that the participation of local communities related to sustainable tourism in Girsang Sipangan Bolon is classified as good with an overall average score of 3.8 out of 4.5 for several indicators of local community participation in sustainable tourism

Philosophical and Aesthetic Principles of Mykhailo Rudnytsky's Literary Criticism

Philosophical and Aesthetic Principles of Mykhailo Rudnytsky's Literary Criticism

Light Higgs boson from multi-phase criticality in dynamical symmetry breaking

The Coleman-Weinberg mechanism can realise different phases of dynamical symmetry breaking. In each phase a combination of scalars, corresponding to the pseudo-Goldstone boson of scale invariance, has a loop-suppressed mass. We show that additional scalars, beyond the pseudo-Goldstone bosons, can become light at critical points in the parameter space where two different phases co-exist. We present a minimal implementation of the mechanism in multi-scalar models, detailing how loop-suppressed masses and mixings can be computed. We discuss realisations of the resulting multi-phase criticality principle and its relevance to the case of the Higgs boson.

Evaluating the impact of a brief Health at Every Size®-informed health promotion activity on body positivity and internalized weight-based oppression

Weight-based oppression, including negative attitudes about body weight, and harassment, stigma, and discrimination based on body weight, is a widespread phenomenon that leads to considerable distress and poor health and wellbeing outcomes. Conversely, body positivity is a multi-faceted concept that encompasses body acceptance, body appreciation, and body love, and adaptive approaches protective of health and wellbeing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a brief health promotion activity informed by Health at Every Size® and critical health promotion principles on body positivity and internalized weight-based oppression in female students at Qatar University. A quasi-experimental mixed methods pre-post evaluation design was used, with quantitative assessment of body positivity and internalized weight-based oppression before the activity, immediately afterwards, and 10 weeks later, and qualitative assessment at the 10-week follow up. Measures used were the Body Appreciation Scale 2, Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale, Fat Attitudes Assessment Toolkit Size Acceptance and Self Reflection on Body Acceptance subscales, and an open-ended questionnaire. Body acceptance and appreciation increased significantly after the activity. Qualitative results suggest that these improvements were sustained at follow up. Brief Health at Every Size® informed health promotion activities show potential to improve health and wellbeing.

Mechanism of twinning induced plasticity in austenitic lightweight steel driven by compositional complexity

The current work investigated the mechanical behaviors of a novel austenitic lightweight Fe-Mn-Al-Si-C steel that combined the characteristics of lightweight steel and TWIP steel, due to compositional complexity. The critical design principle lay in the synergetic addition of Al and Si to obtain simultaneously a stacking fault energy of 49.5 mJ/m2, short-range ordering, and density reduction. The initial strain hardening in this steel proceeded by microband-induced plasticity slip featuring the substructure of Taylor lattices due to planar-slip dislocations. It contributed to a high Hall-Petch coefficient of 673 MPa·μm0.5. In the latter stage of deformation, even though the stacking fault energy was not low, stacking faults and deformation twins were triggered when the critical stress was achieved. This transition behavior was first observed in lightweight steel and the overall effects led to an outstanding work hardening rate of about 2.4 GPa. This lightweight TWIP steel with a density of 6.98 g/cm3 possessed ultimate tensile strength of 800-950 MPa and total elongation of 67-77%. This study focused on its mechanical behaviors and developed a confined dislocation model to clarify the transition from dislocation glide to mechanical twinning.

Designing Tools for Energy System Scenario Making in Municipal Energy Planning

Energy planning increasingly revolves around the use of tools for energy system modelling and analysis with a view to generating scenarios to show implications and possibilities for decision makers. Municipalities engage in the transition to renewable energy systems through the formulation of strategies and goals at a local level despite often lacking appropriate tools and resources to conduct the needed complex analyses. Tools for energy system analyses have traditionally been designed either with the scope of national energy systems or detailed project-specific analysis in mind, leaving municipal planners in a state of flux. This study aims to identify important specifications and critical design principles for future energy system modelling tools designed for municipal planners. Through a qualitative case-oriented approach, this study investigates the planning practices of four municipalities. It is found that future tools for municipal planning purposes need to combine the need for systematic analyses with concrete and implementable initiatives while balancing analytical complexity with operational simplicity.

Aberrant phase separation and cancer.

Eukaryotic cells are intracellularly divided into numerous compartments or organelles, which coordinate specific molecules and biological reactions. Membrane-bound organelles are physically separated by lipid bilayers from the surrounding environment. Biomolecular condensates, also referred to membraneless organelles, are micron-scale cellular compartments that lack membranous enclosures but function to concentrate proteins and RNA molecules, and these are involved in diverse processes. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) driven by multivalent weak macromolecular interactions is a critical principle for the formation of biomolecular condensates, and a multitude of combinations among multivalent interactions may drive liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT). Dysregulation of LLPS and LLPT leads to aberrant condensate and amyloid formation, which causes many human diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer. Here, we describe recent findings regarding abnormal forms of biomolecular condensates and aggregation via aberrant LLPS and LLPT of cancer-related proteins in cancer development driven by mutation and fusion of genes. Moreover, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms by which aberrant LLPS and LLPT occur in cancer and the drug candidates targeting these mechanisms. Further understanding of the molecular events regulating how biomolecular condensates and aggregation form in cancer tissue is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies against tumorigenesis.

Use of criticality principle in information protection systems at machine-building enterprises

At present, the security of information systems plays a key role not only for large enterprises, but also for individuals. The information presented in the paper considers an innovative approach to the organization of multi-stage protection of information networks based on access matrices created and specified by data on the degree of criticality of protected files against illegal actions of third parties. The authors proposed to use several levels of criticality with three degrees: critical for program running; important for programs; not critical to programs. Besides, an algorithm for determining the criticality level by file extension as universal is proposed as the basic one. Timely response to changes in critical files not only of the operating system, but also of all programs significantly increases the security of enterprise systems. Moreover, the proposed method can be used to minimize the loss of important data.

새뮤얼 존슨의 비평적 원칙과 내면세계

For Samuel Johnson, life and literature were inseparable. He believed literature should function as the cure and alleviation for the complexities of the human condition. Johnson’s critical principles can be summarized as empirical realism, the pursuit for truth and the deep humanistic view of man. In Lives of the Poets, Johnson’s final and greatest achievement, Johnson pursued his life-long interest in the close relationship between the life of a writer and his work by uniting biography and literary criticism. This paper aims to understand the basic principles of Johnson’s criticism shown in “John Milton,” “Jonathan Swift,” and “John Grey.” Firstly, Johnson’s empirical realism is evident in his negative attitude towards the transcendental realm in Paradise Lost. And Johnson’s persistent pursuit of truth is clarified in his criticism of pastoral poetry and mythological allusions in the poems of Milton and Grey. Finally, through Johnson’s idea on the boundaries of satire we can clearly see his compassionate and humanistic view. And Johnson’s particularly severe attitude towards Swift can be interpreted as the defense mechanism of avoiding losing his psychological and mental balance.

Existence of a radial solution to a 1-Laplacian problem in [formula omitted

We obtain the existence of a radial solution to the following 1-Laplacian problem −Δ1u+u|u|=Q(x)f(u),inRN,u∈BV(RN).(0.1) The work is carried out in the space of functions of bounded variation BV(RN). The proof of the main result relies on a version of mountain pass theorem without Palais–Smale condition to Lipschitz continuous functionals, and symmetric criticality principle of Palais for non-smooth functionals .

Study of power consumption in vibromixing apparatus during Jerusalem artichoke drying

Jerusalem artichoke (JA) tubers have recently attracted interest as a functional ingredient in food products with enhanced nutritional characteristics. Dried powder of JA tubers was prepared using a developed vacuum vibromixing apparatus to prevent degradation of thermolabile substances. The critical principle of technological calculations for vibrating apparatuses is to determine the power consumption of the load circulation, depending on dynamic parameters. The paper aims to examine the effect of changes in the amplitude and frequency of apparatus vibration on the power consumption while drying the JA tubers. The results obtained experimentally in the laboratory vibromixing dryer (282 mm in diameter, 186 mm in length) show that with an increase in the amplitude, as well as the frequency of the vibration, the time of mass heating to the drying temperature and total drying time decreased. It was found that the maximum useful power is transmitted to the load at optimal vibration modes: 1.44 mm amplitude and 50 Hz frequency. Thus, under optimal dynamic parameters, the approximate time of the drying process can be determined at the moment when power value is fixed. The current results allow automatically controlling the termination of JA powder drying through power change.

Diagnostic ultrasound assessment of deep fascia sliding mobility in vivo: A scoping review – Part 2: Femoral and crural fasciae

BackgroundFailure of fascial sliding may occur in cases of excessive or inappropriate use, trauma, or surgery, resulting in local inflammation, pain, sensitization, and potential dysfunction. Therefore, the mechanical properties of fascial tissues, including their mobility, have been evaluated in vivo by ultrasound (US) imaging. However, this seems to be a method that is not yet properly standardized nor validated. ObjectivesTo identify, synthesize, and collate the critical methodological principles that have been described in the literature for US evaluation of deep fascia sliding mobility in vivo in humans. MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted on ScienceDirect, PubMed (Medline), Web of Science and B-On databases, according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The OCEBM LoE was used to evaluate the level of evidence of each study. ResultsFrom a total of 104 full-text articles retrieved and assessed for eligibility, 18 papers were included that evaluate the deep fasciae of the thoracolumbar (n = 4), abdominal (n = 7), femoral (n = 4) and crural (n = 3) regions. These studies addressed issues concerning either diagnosis (n = 11) or treatment benefits (n = 7) and presented levels of evidence ranging from II to IV. Various terms were used to describe the outcome measures representing fascial sliding. Also, different procedures to induce fascial sliding, positioning of the individuals being assessed, and features of US devices were used. The US analysis methods included the comparison of start and end frames and the use of cross-correlation software techniques through automated tracking algorithms. These methods had proven to be reliable to measure sliding between TLF, TrA muscle-fascia junctions, fascia lata, and crural fascia, and the adjacent epimysial fascia. However, the papers presented heterogeneous terminologies, research questions, populations, and methodologies.This two-part paper reviews the evidence obtained for the thoracolumbar and abdominal fasciae (Part 1) and for the femoral and crural fasciae (Part 2). ConclusionThe US methods used to evaluate deep fascia sliding mobility in vivo in humans include the comparison of start and end frames and the use of cross-correlation software techniques through automated tracking algorithms. These seem reliable methods to measure sliding of some fasciae, but more studies need to be systematized to confirm their reliability for others. Moreover, specific standardized protocols are needed to assess each anatomical region as well as study if age, sex-related characteristics, body composition, or specific clinical conditions influence US results.

One event, four historians Objective approach of Jovini, Ibn Futi, Minhaj Siraj and Wassaf to the fall of Baghdad

The Mongol invasion of Islamic lands and the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate is one of the most important events of the seventh century AH, which has been considered by historians from different dimensions. Historians of the patriarchal era (Jovini, Ibn Futi, Minhaj Siraj Jawzjani, Wasaf) have come close to historical objectivity in narrating the fall of Baghdad. It is assumed that the solidity of the narrator's method in the narrative affects the two principles of criticism and analysis and his view of what history is in achieving historical objectivity. In fact, the narrator's knowledge of the intellectual and narrative sciences and their critical causal approach bring them closer to historical objectivity.

Cultivating social justice literacy in education leaders: contemplating bodily and conceptual knowledges

ABSTRACT How can instructors in higher education understand and address the challenges of cultivating critical social justice knowledge and perspectives? In this paper an embodied knowledge framework is used to interpret the accounts of two former doctoral students within a US research institution who, while expressing appreciation for a graduate seminar designed to cultivate critical social justice literacy, did not embrace its content to the degree demonstrated by their peers. Narratives constructed for the two participants, a Black woman and a White man, suggested that knowledge inscribed deeply in their bodies from experience and emotion created friction with critical social justice concepts and principles examined in the seminar. This collision of bodily and conceptual knowledges can create disjuncture that is a barrier to learning. In order to cultivate critical social justice literacy in higher education, instructors may need to create tools that call on an embodied, experientialist view of cognition. (150)