Standards of Classical Architecture Criticism: Between Mathematics and Philosophy

Abstract

Criticism is an intellectual process that primarily searches for beauty aspects in the works of art, including architecture. This article explores the mathematical and philosophical principles of classical architectural criticism. It is hypothesized that design criteria during the Classic period were clear and specific. The research presents theories of classical art that focus on the process of beauty interpretation. It also assesses the mathematical evaluation of architectural art and beauty through “The Golden Ratio” and “The “Fibonacci Sequence.” Classical philosophy, and its perception of beauty, is discussed as an essential basis in any artistic critical activity. The research asserts that the science of aesthetics is both objective and subjective, which explains the difference in aesthetic evaluation across eras. Objectivity stems from conditions of proportionality that must be met for an architectural art to be aesthetically judged as beautiful. Subjectivity lies in the time and place of the architectural work, whereby tendencies, tastes, and needs related to the human and geographical environment can affect the standards of beauty. This makes the evaluation of beauty in classical architecture a delicate and complex process in which many aspects must be considered to have an objective, fair, and correct judgment.