Principle Of Conservation Research Articles

A Key Research Case for Promoting Education for Sustainable development: The Case of Okayama, Japan

This paper explores the productive efforts of Okayama City, Japan, in advancing education for sustainable development (ESD). Focusing on two significant initiatives, the Marine Conservation Education Program and RCE Okayama, the paper explores how these programs integrate formal, non-formal, and informal education to foster sustainable practices. The Marine Conservation Education Program, a collaboration between schools and local fishermen, involves experiential learning to instill marine conservation principles among students, yielding significant shifts in their attitudes towards ocean protection. RCE Okayama, recognized globally, collaborates with various organizations to promote ESD within the community, offering programs and training to enhance understanding and implementation of sustainable practices. The paper emphasizes the synergy of formal and non-formal education, highlighting the broader impacts of Okayama's ESD efforts on developing a sustainable society.

Laboratory demonstration of image plane self-calibration in interferometry

We demonstrate the shape-orientation-size conservation principle for a three-element interferometer using aperture plane masking at the ALBA visible synchrotron radiation light source. We then use these data to demonstrate image plane self-calibration.

Kualitas Air dan Karakteristik Tanah Penduga Erodibilitas pada Sub-Sub DAS Amandit Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan

Land management in, Amandit sub-sub watershed must comply with the principles of soil and water conservation to avoid erosion and sedimentation. The aim of this research was to assess water quality and soil characteristics that predict erosion in the upstream, middle and downstream areas. The purposive sampling method was used by taking soil and water samples in the upstream, middle and downstream parts. In the upstream section soil samples were taken with a slope of 15-25%, in the middle section with a slope of 8-15% and in the downstream section with a slope of 0-8%. Soil samples were taken at each of six points representing the upstream, middle, and downstream parts of the area. Water sampling was carried out in the soil sampling area by paying attention to the slope of the land. The results showed that the water quality (pH, DHL, SAR, and TSS) in the area was in accordance with the quality of water for irrigation. Soil erodibility values in the upper and middle areas did not show significant differences. In the upstream part, soil erodibility had very low criteria and the middle part had low criteria but were different from the downstream area (medium criteria).

Jeans instability in the particle-antiparticle system with the different gravitational charges and the ALPHA-g experiment

The principle of binding energy conservation during charge conjugation and the hypothesis of gravitational repulsion of antiparticle masses is used to formulate appropriate two-component hydrodynamics. The dispersion relation for small perturbations is obtained and analyzed. The modified Jeans instability for matter-antimatter system is found as the function of arbitrary fraction of the repulsive matter. For the hydrogen-antihydrogen system, the recent ALPHA-g experimental result is used to apply to the early Universe evolution. It is shown that the non-damping sound mode exists if the annihilation damping is absent.

Comparative analysis of microdamage-affected chloride transport in concrete under static and dynamic hydraulic pressure

Concrete structures in marine environments frequently encounter the adverse impacts of hydraulic pressure, leading to a decrease in their durability. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the internal microdamage in concrete when subjected to static and dynamic hydraulic pressure of equal intensity, and to examine the influence of such damage on chloride transport. By employing potentiometric titration, MIP, N2 adsorption, and AFM tests, the chloride concentration, pore structure parameters, and microscale elastic modulus of concrete under static and dynamic hydraulic pressure were analyzed. The results indicate that dynamic hydraulic pressure accelerates chloride transport in concrete. Compared with static hydraulic pressure, dynamic hydraulic pressure — sustained at the same intensity—results in an elevated threshold pore size along with an increased most probable pore size of the concrete. Furthermore, dynamic hydraulic pressure induces the expansion of microcracks, consequently decreasing the microscale elastic modulus of concrete. The use of mineral admixtures can effectively mitigate the damage evolution of concrete microstructure subjected to dynamic hydraulic pressure. Besides, a model is developed for relative chloride diffusion based on the principle of energy conservation and from the evolution law of the microscale elastic modulus gleaned from AFM tests. Through calculations, it can be found that the crack propagation rate and the decline rate of the relative chloride diffusion coefficient Df1Df2 increase markedly when dynamic hydraulic pressure intensity surpasses 40,000 Pa. The propagation of the crack length is moderated by a larger initial crack width.

Enhancing the activation of the Ni2+/Ni3+ redox couple by gradient-tantalum doping for high specific capacity and outstanding interfacial stability

P2-type transition metal layered oxides (TMOs) have gathered significant interest by virtue of their low-cost and excellent cycling stability. However, the extensive practical application of TMOs is constrained by inherent factors, such as inferior rate performance and deficient interfacial stability. Herein, the gradient Ta-doped Na0.78(Ni0.33Mn0.67)1-xTaxO2 (NMT) cathode material was synthesized via a one-step solid-state reaction method to overcome these obstacles. The Ta modification augments the Ni2+/Ni3+ redox couple activity, in accordance with the principle of charge conservation, thus bolstering the reversible capacity of the material. Furthermore, the gradient Ta-doping not only preserves the stability of the bulk phase of TMOs but also serves as a potent suppression against the emergence of deleterious interfacial side reactions. As a result, the NMT cathode delivers an improving initial discharge specific capacity of 105 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and sustains an excellent capacity retention of 91.4 % after 500 cycles at 5 C within the voltage range of 2.0–4.0 V. Benefiting from the robust Ta–O bond, the highly reversible structure evolution of the gradient Ta-doped material during the Na+ extraction/insertion process is clearly elucidated through in-situ XRD. This research provides a straightforward and efficacious approach to elevate the electrochemical performance of TMOs for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in the future.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРОЦЕССОВ ВОДОПОДГОТОВКИ И ОЧИСТКИ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД НА ОСНОВЕ ПРИНЦИПОВ РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЯ И ПРИРОДОПОДОБИЯ

Environmental safety refers to the state of protection of the natural environment and humans by ensuring an acceptable level of negative impact of natural and anthropogenic environmental hazards on the environment and humans. Based on the principles of nature similarity, resource substitution and conservation, modules and components of environmental safety of drinking water treatment and wastewater treatment processes have been formed. The functions of each module of the aquatic safety ecosystem are disclosed. Dangerous events and hazard factors in the processes of water treatment and water treatment are presented. The content of the system components of environmental safety of water treatment and wastewater treatment processes has been established: sanitary and epidemiological safety, consumer safety, technical safety, environmental safety of production and environmental and economic safety. An algorithm for the environmentally sustainable functioning of water management facilities, long-term and trouble-free operation of water treatment equipment, preservation of the health of water consumers and minimizing the impact on reservoirs, natural water sources (underground and surface) is proposed.

Velocity divergence—Generalized adaptive probability density evolution method

AbstractThis study proposes a novel velocity divergence‐generalized adaptive probability density evolution method (VD‐GAPDEM) for calculating the probability density function of the stochastic response process of stochastic structures under stochastic dynamic loads. First, based on the principle of probability conservation, the velocity divergence‐generalized adaptive probability density evolution equation (VD‐GAPDEE) is derived for a stochastic system that can effectively consider the shape and location changes of the joint transitional probability density of representative points (RPs) in the stochastic response process. Second, a novel VD‐GAPDEM is proposed to solve the VD‐GAPDEE directly using the point selection technique based on the generalized F discrepancy and the second‐order Runge–Kutta method with a smoothing kernel method (Runge–Kutta‐SKFAM). Furthermore, the differences and connections between VD‐GAPDEM and the existing probability density evolution method are analyzed. Additionally, the high computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed VD‐GAPDEM are demonstrated through three typical examples of stochastic response analysis, involving stochastic systems subjected to stochastic dynamic loads.

Supercontinuum laser-based gonio-scatterometer for in and out-of-plane spectral BRDF measurements.

The hyperspectral component of bidirectional reflectance measurements, namely from several hundred wavelengths upwards, is attracting growing interest for numerous applications in both optics and computer graphics. In this paper, we present a motorized hyperspectral bidirectional reflectance measurement bench that performs in-plane and out-of-plane measurements for isotropic materials using a supercontinuum laser covering the visible and near infrared range, with a sub-nanometer spectral accuracy. We describe the complete data processing chain, including a method for assessing the alignment error of the measurement bench. From these measurements, we verify the principles of non-negativity, energy conservation and Helmholtz reciprocity. We introduce criteria also to evaluate the validity of the Lambertian hypothesis for the bidirectional reflectance and its deviation from reciprocity, obtained from the measurements directly. We show the need for spectral bidirectional reflectance measurements for certain materials, rejecting the separable function approximation.

The principle of development right conservation. How, why, and with what effects development rights outlive the building they produce

The principle of development right conservation. How, why, and with what effects development rights outlive the building they produce

Fluctuating pressure gradients and corrugated surfaces effects on wind turbines power output

This paper investigates the effect of corrugated surfaces on the wind turbines power output for both laminar and turbulent flows. Conservation principles including continuity and momentum equations, wind turbine power equations, and the corrugated surface equation have been implemented to build up a theoretical model then which has been solved using MATLAB. This model simulates wind turbines power output and analyzes several case studies implementing different parameters such as air pressure wave amplitude (Po), air wave fluctuation frequency (n), and wind layer turbulence (b). Also, different complex terrains in two main scenarios representing two different positions (X) of the wind turbine are analyzed. This analysis indicates the importance of wind turbines micro siting. In addition, it is found that increasing the pressure ratio increased wind turbine power output, while increasing the frequency decreased the power ratio of the wind turbines for both laminar and turbulent flow conditions. Increasing turbulence for the turbulent model increased the power ratio.

Cross-correlation-based convolutional neural network with velocity regularization for high-resolution velocimetry of particle images

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) stands as a pivotal experimental technique in fluid dynamics, enabling the visualization and analysis of fluid flows. Traditional methods for extracting velocity fields from particle images often rely on window-cross correlation PIV or, more recently, optical flow techniques rooted in intensity conservation principles. However, the former approach suffers from low resolution, whereas the latter is hampered by computational inefficiency and a high susceptibility to noise. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in processing particle images to obtain high-resolution and high-accuracy velocity fields, though traditional CNN architectures are still not satisfying in accuracy. The present study introduces an enhanced network, En-FlowNetC, based on the cross correlation-based CNN FlowNetC, specifically designed to process PIV particle images and achieve high-accuracy, high-resolution velocity fields. It incorporates a velocity regularization and is trained and validated on canonical datasets. The results indicate that En-FlowNetC surpasses traditional CNN networks in accuracy and markedly outperforms the classic Horn–Schunck optical flow method in both complex and simple flow scenarios. Furthermore, this study confirms the beneficial impact of velocity regularization, when judiciously applied, on network accuracy. The proposed modifications compared to the original FlowNetC are also examined in the ablation experiments. Overall, En-FlowNetC provides an effective deep-learning solution for PIV analysis, paving the way for future endeavors aimed at achieving highly accurate and resolved velocimetry.

New Study on the German “Iron Chancellor”

The present publication is a review of the two-volume monograph by M.Yu. Zolotukhin, Doctor in History, who tried to present his view of one of the most signifi cant politicians of the 19th century, whose conservative principles were refl ected both in theoretical reasoning and in practice. However, Bismarck was always distinguished from the majority of staunch supporters of that political ideology by his lack of dogmatism and political fl exibility, which gave his detractors a reason to accuse him of Bonapartism.

Evaluation of the Geotourism Potential of the Mountain Lakes in the Călimani Massif: Colibița Lake, Iezer Lake and Zânelor Lake

Evaluation of the Geotourism Potential of the Mountain Lakes in the Călimani Massif: Colibița Lake, Iezer Lake and Zânelor Lake. This paper evaluates the key geosites in the Călimani National Park: Colibița Lake, Iezer Lake and Zânelor Lake. The internationally recognized methodology used in this study has a crucial role in the development of tourism and the conservation of natural resources. The obtained results show that these geosites have a significant potential for tourism development. Colibița Lake, an artificial lake, attracts tourists with its picturesque landscape and recreational activities. Iezer Lake impresses with its natural beauty and ecological importance, being a crucial habitat for local flora and fauna. Zânelor Lake offers a unique cultural experience, thanks to the charming landscape and local legends. The evaluation and management of these geosites will contribute to the management and conservation of natural resources in the Călimani Massif. The development of sustainable tourism requires appropriate management strategies that ensure responsible use and conservation of the environment. Promoting sustainable tourism and respecting conservation principles will ensure the preservation and sustainable exploitation of these geosites, benefiting both local communities and visitors. Keywords: Geotourism, Geosite, Călimani Massif, Carpathian Mountains, Romania.

Job insecurity and (un)sustainable well-being: unravelling the dynamics of work, career, and life outcomes from a within-person perspective

ABSTRACT The present study investigates longitudinal relationships between job insecurity and a set of work, career, and life outcomes. Using an integrative theoretical framework that combines the principles of conservation of resources and sustainable career development, we aim to unravel the scope and dynamics of stressor-strain pathways that undermine employee well-being in these domains. To that end, latent curve modelling with structured residuals was performed on a large heterogeneous sample (N = 1134) of individuals living and working in Switzerland. Based on seven annual measurement points, the results revealed yearly within-person dynamics through which job insecurity may hinder sustainable well-being in different areas of life. Furthermore, our findings allow for contrasting short-term (yearly) versus long-term (7-year) effects. They uncover potential protective mechanisms through which between-person differences in the initial levels of sustainable well-being resources might mitigate the risks of being increasingly exposed to job insecurity over time, as reflected in within-person growth patterns. Research, policy, and practical implications are discussed based on these findings.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPTIMUM TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF GRAIN LOADS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE EXISTING TRENDS OF THE INDUSTRY

An algorithm and management procedure for the distribution of grain cargoes at port stations have been developed. A list of necessary conditions has been created under which the introduction of graded routes eliminates the problem of direct distribution of cargo by unloading points in the port infrastructure. The proposed technology for the distribution of bulk cargo allows to attract a larger number of participants in the transportation process and create conditions for the attraction of other accompanying cargo.The above problems of railway transport, a significant reduction in the volume of transportation against the background of the existence of a fairly wide network of railways form a trend for route shipments, the vast majority of which, in turn, go to the port.The introduction of staged loads as a compromise in the conditions of the trends acquired by the industry requires the creation of the necessary conditions along the entire route of the cargo.Market conditions as the main driver of the transportation process require a proactive response to variability. It is this approach with the use of transitional phases in the view of port stations that gives the technology such qualities that it becomes especially relevant when the operator of port stations becomes effective.Areas of concentration of freight work, potential infrastructure facilities and port stations, where the formation of groups of wagons for unloading at the ports will take place, were determined by systematizing the collected information and identifying patterns that can be introduced taking into account the existing system of restrictions.Looking directly at the composition of the transport sector for the above-mentioned period, it turns out that the share of cargo processed in Ukrainian ports is 159 million tons. For comparison, in the same period, rail transport was 314.3 million tons, road 222.6 million tons. The above problems of railway transport, a significant reduction in the volume of transportation against the background of the existence of a fairly wide network of railways form a trend for route shipments, the vast majority of which, in turn, go to the port. Analyzing the above in the existing conditions, it is the ports that should set the vector for both the formation of sending and step routes based on the principles of resource conservation.

Accurate model development for predicting sprinkler water distribution on undulating and mountainous terrain

The hilly terrain modifies the droplet landing positions in comparison to flat ground, complicating the prediction of sprinkler water distribution on such uneven regions. Utilizing a digital elevation model combined with droplet dynamics and evaporation models, droplet landing positions were calculated on both flat and uneven terrains. From the droplet landing positions and the corresponding water application rates on flat terrain, the water application rate on hilly terrains was deduced using the principle of water volume conservation. Subsequently, a software application was developed to assist in this prediction. Using the radial water distribution data from an individual sprinkler under various operating pressures and the elevation data of a hill, the software predicts the water distribution for either an individual sprinkler or an entire solid-set sprinkler irrigation system on the hill. This allows for the calculation of the average water application rate (h¯) and distribution uniformity (UCS) for combined sprinklers. The simulated water application rate on hilly terrains was validated using an experimental platform that replicates the sprinkler arrangement on a hill, devoid of plant canopy. Our findings indicate that the simulated water application rate for a sprinkler on hilly terrain aligns closely with the observed values, achieving a confidence coefficient (c) of 0.96. The developed software reliably predicts sprinkler water distribution on hilly terrains with significant accuracy for the conditions studied. We compared the UCS of the flat, hilly slope, and homogeneous slope terrains and found that the hilly slope better reflects the uneven water distribution owing to the undulating characteristics of the hilly terrain.

Viscous dissipation effects on time-dependent MHD Casson nanofluid over stretching surface: A hybrid nanofluid study

The study of MHD Couple stress Casson flow of a hybrid nanofluid is paramount due to its potential applications in advanced engineering systems, particularly in enhancing thermal management and efficiency in various industrial processes. In this report, the time-dependent MHD Couple stress Casson flow of a hybrid nanofluid, considering the impact of viscous dissipation over a stretching surface is presented. The main objective of this work is to enhance the transformation heat ratio to meet the requirements of the engineering and manufacturing industries. After conducting a continuity check, the issue is analyzed by applying the principles of momentum and energy conservation. This modeling process generates nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), which are subsequently converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformation and thermophysical characteristics. To solve these ODEs, the Approximate Analytical Method HAM is employed, which is specifically designed for nonlinear problems. Velocity decreases with increasing values and higher nanoparticle volume fraction further slows the velocity. Increasing the couple-stress parameter reduces velocity; increasing the Casson parameter slows the velocity profile. Increasing magnetic parameter enhances temperature profile; profile escalates with Eckert number magnitude. These findings contribute significantly to understanding the structure, interactions, and dynamics of such liquids, aligning with the focus on exploring the fundamental properties of simple, molecular, ionic, and complex liquids.

Metamorphoses

The Esterházy Palace in Fertőd is part of Hungary’s largest eighteenth-century residential complex. After severe damage at the end of the Second World War and in the 1950s, the palace was repeatedly renovated for almost seventy years. Between 2021 and 2022, the state apartments in the main building and some adjoining rooms underwent extensive conservation and restoration. Due to the palace’s complicated history and the inconsistent interventions of the post-war period, it was difficult to preserve as many remnants as possible. The aim was to preserve and display all historical periods from the beginning to the present, as they provide information about all the historical and cultural changes over the centuries. From this point of view, the contradictory relationship between some previous interventions and the principles laid down in documents such as the Venice Charter, the Nara Document or the UNESCO Convention of the Intangible Heritage were considered a legacy that can no longer be erased from the history of the palace. Based on conservation and restoration principles crystallised in the second half of the twentieth century and considering the changes in the field of heritage conservation since the 1990s, an attempt was made to preserve the tangible and intangible heritage as far as possible. With this in mind, the rooms were divided into three groups, each of which is subject to a different conservation and restoration method.

DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF MANUAL AND AUTOMATED PID CONTROLLERS FOR THE OPTIMUM PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL IN A CSTR

Industrially, one of the techniques used to enhance the optimum production of petrochemicals is the configuration of process control units such as gas chromatography (G.C. Analyzer) for concentration and thermocouple for temperature in the production system. This research focused on the application of the principles of mass and energy conservation in the development of dynamic or unsteady state models for predicting the behaviour of the system or process involved in the production of ethylene glycol from a reaction involving oxidation of ethylene-to-ethylene oxide which further undergoes hydrolysis to produce ethylene glycol in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The high mathematical complexities of the mass and energy balance models of the Process as a result of the reaction kinetic scheme of the non-elementary reaction of the process which integrated both linear and non-linear terms into the models were resolved by the application of the principles of Taylor’s series expansion, Laplace Transform, partial fraction and matrix in the development of the dynamic models. Process simulation tool (Simulink) was utilized in the configuration of closed-loop systems with thermocouple and G. C. Analyzer, at the feed point of the reactor for process variables (temperature and concentration) control during the process using proportional, integral and derivative (PID) as controller parameters. The results of the process behaviour showed that manual tuning of different controller parameters experienced a high level of fluctuations and would not attain its stability or steady state even at a processing time above 16 seconds. Whereas, automatic tuning of desired controller gains of 1.361, 1.056 and 0.4109 for K P, K I and K D for temperature and pressure with a tuning time of 143.9 Seconds, requires a maximum time of 8 seconds for the system to attain stability. This study showed that automated tuning of the controller resulted in better performance characteristics for optimum production of ethylene glycol in a non-isotheral continuous stirred tank reactor within the shortest possible time.