Principle Of Analogy Research Articles

Experimental investigation of a ceramic heat regenerator for heat recovery in a decentralized reversible ventilation system

The operational characteristics of decentralized, wall–mounted, ductless, reversible heat recovery ventilation unit (HRV) with a ceramic honeycomb stone for sensible thermal energy storage and recovery were investigated in a full-scale, long-term experiment. Parametric experimental studies were carried out to obtain the operation cycles, supply air temperature, thermal effectiveness and sensible heat recovery under real working conditions of the heating season in Dfb Koepper-Geige climate. An experimental study was carried out to obtain data for determining the characteristics of supply air temperature as a base for further effectiveness and thermal sensible energy calculation. For comprehensive evaluation of the HRV the three specific effectiveness has been established as the instantaneous (from 100 to 63%–67% for the external temperature of −3 and 10 °C respectively), the air supply cycle (80–81%) and the long-term operation (62–63%), as a new approach to operation characteristics in the form of equations easy to implement in HVAC simulation programs and calculation sheets for future building energy simulation, building energy performance calculations, complex and simple engineering calculations, etc. Preserved open and universal form of research procedure and proposed equations, as a directly applicable characteristics, enable effective engineering calculations and analyzes, and allow for determining the operational characteristics of other devices with analogous operating principles.

Level of geneexpression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood ofcows with chronic endometritis

The level of expression of genes of proinflammatory (IL-1α and IL-1β) and antiinflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the blood of cows was studied on 20 animals, divided according to the principle of analogues into two groups: the first group (n=10) - clinically healthy cows, the second one (n=10) - diagnosed with chronic endometritis. Diagnosis of chronic endometritis was carried out on the basis of the results of transrectal examination and echographic data obtained using a portable ultrasound scanner. The experiment included cows 60 or more days after calving. It has been found that the level of expression of IL-1α, IL-1β in cows with chronic endometritis is by 1.92 and 4.61 times higher, respectively, than in clinically healthy animals, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, on the contrary, is by 118.6 times lower. The dominance of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression over anti-inflammatory ones indicates the development of an inflammatory process in the uterus, which is confirmed by the results of histological studies of endometrial biopsy material. In clinically healthy animals, the integumentary epithelium is lined with cells of a prismatic or cubic shape, the endometrium is slightly infiltrated with neutrophils, lymphocytes and histiocytes. The uterine glands are presented in a significant amount, the glandular cells are integral, prismatic in shape. In the cows with chronic endometritis, desquamation of the integumentary epithelium was diagnosed, the cells of which in most cases are in a state of dystrophy and necrobiosis. The lumen of the uterine glands is narrowed, glandular cells are rejected into the lumen of the glands, which indicates a decrease in the functional activity of the organ. The endometrium looked edematous, abundantly infiltrated, predominantly with neutrophilic leukocytes and, to a lesser extent, with lymphoid cells, indicating the presence of inflammation in the uterine mucosa.

The influence of feed additive “Sylimevit” on indicators of the immune system of piglets at weaning

In the development of adaptive reactions during weaning, biological mechanisms are involved with the complete mobilization of the functional reserve, an increase in the level of catecholamines, corticosteroids, and mediators, which is accompanied by a violation of the nitrogen balance in the body, enzymopathy, and endotoxemia—the work aimed to investigate humoral and non-specific immunity indicators in piglets after weaning. Experiments were conducted based on the Ltd “KOSHET” of the Mukachiv district of the Zakarpattia region. Two groups of piglets were formed – control and experimental in the number of 10 individuals in each group, selected according to the principle of analogs – age, breed, and body weight. Weaning piglets from sows at 28 days suppress the humoral link of natural resistance. A decrease in lysocin and bactericidal activity of blood serum was established at 40.56 ± 1.75 and 21.22 ± 1.05 %. The content of circulating immune complexes in the blood of piglets of the control group remained high after weaning. Along with a decrease in the activity of the humoral link of immunity in weaned piglets, suppression of the non-specific link of the immune system was established, manifested by a decrease in phagocytic activity and a decrease in the number of phagocytes. Feeding the feed supplement “Sylimevit” to the piglets of the research group helped to strengthen the immune status of the piglets' bodies. In piglets of the research group on the 35th day of life, when feeding the feed additive “Sylimevit”, an increase in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils by 4.26 % was established. Similar differences were obtained regarding the effect of the Butaselmevit-plus feed additive on the phagocytic number and the phagocytic index, in particular, in piglets of the experimental group on the 35th day of the experiment; they were 7.63 and 11.1 % higher than in control. These research results confirm the effectiveness of using milk thistle, methifen, selenium, and vitamins as part of the feed supplement “Sylimevit” for piglets before and after weaning to activate the protective systems of their body.

Changes in the indicators of immunobiochemical blood status of cows during correction of the functional activity of the ovaries with a drug based on GM-CSF

The state of the immunobiochemical status of the blood of cows when using a drug containing gm-csf was studied on 15 animals with a hypofunctional state of the ovaries. The animals were divided according to the principle of analogues into three groups. The animals were included in the experiment 45- 60 days after calving without signs of sexual cyclicity. The cows of the first group were injected with a drug based on gm-csf (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), the cows of the second one - follimag, the third group served as a negative control without the introduction of drugs. Evaluation of the efficacy of the use of gonadotropic and recombinant drugs showed that the use of the agent based on gm-csf turned out to be the most effective in comparison with follimag and the negative control. After the use of the drug of recombinant interferons, the content of circulating immune complexes turned out to be lower by 30.9%, malon dialdehyde - by 17.1%, medium molecular peptides - by 34.9% TNFα - by 21.0%, IL-1β - by 41.1%, IL-2 - by 35.9%, with an increase in serum bactericidal and lysozyme activity by 13.8% and 21.7%, respectively, phagocytic index - by 12.9%, phagocytic number - by 18.4%, progesterone - by 5.09 times, estradiol - by 29.3%, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate - by 78.9%, IL-4 - by 44.6%, IL-10 - by 20.3%, which indicates activation the humoral link of general nonspecific resistance, an increase in the content of anti-inflammatory cytokines, with a decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes, the level of proinflammatory cytokines against the background of the restoration of the hormoneproducing function of the sex gonads. Changes in the indicators of the immunobiochemical blood status of cows are reflected in the activation of the functional activity of the ovaries, the manifestation of full-fledged sexual cycles by animals and successful insemination.

Study of the chronic toxicity of the disinfectant drug Iodopovidone

The article reflects the results of preclinical studies of the chronic toxicity of the disinfectant drug Iodopovidone on non-linear laboratory white rats. Disinfectant Iodopovidon produced by LLC "Basalt" (Ukraine) is a polymer complex of iodine in its composition. The purpose of our research was to establish the chronic toxicity of the new promising disinfectant drug Iodopovedon. The experiment was conducted on the basis of the laboratory and clinic "Vetmedservis" of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine on non-linear laboratory white rats in compliance with biotic norms in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of Animals from Cruelty" and the "European Convention on the Protection of Domestic Animals". 10 animals were involved in the experiment (5 animals - experimental and 5 animals - control), groups were formed according to the principle of analogues. Biochemical indicators of blood serum (total protein, albumins, globulins, glucose, urea, creatinine and activity of enzymes AsLT, AsAT), hematological indicators of blood and organ mass ratio (liver, kidneys, heart) were determined. Determinations were made in accordance with generally accepted methods. As a result of the study of biochemical indicators, a difference in the levels of total protein between the experimental and control groups was established within 2.1% due to a decrease in the level of the globulin fraction by 0.3% and a decrease in the level of the albumin fraction by 3.7% and a tendency to lower glucose levels by 28.0%. There was also a trend of an increase in AST activity by 7.3% and a decrease in ALT activity by 3.3%. The level of creatinine did not undergo pronounced changes against the background of an increase in the level of urea by 11.7%. When examining hematological indicators, a slight decrease in the number of lymphocytes by 6.6% and an increase in monocytes and granulocytes by 5.5 and 13.6% were found, respectively. The established changes in biochemical indicators of blood serum and hematological indicators of blood are insignificant and unlikely. The results of studies of the relative mass of internal organs - liver, kidneys and heart, to the final body mass of animals, indicate the absence of deviations. Therefore, the disinfectant preparation Iodopovidon does not cause pronounced changes in the critically important organs of the liver, kidneys and heart, does not cause pronounced changes in the morphological parameters of the blood of animals, the biochemical composition and activity of enzymes in the blood serum of white laboratory rats. Key words: disinfectant, Iodopovidone, polymeric iodine complex, chronic toxicity, laboratory rats.

A novel approach for prediction of transverse thermal conductivity of unidirectional random fiber composites

In fiber-reinforced composites, fibers are randomly positioned during the manufacturing process. Most of the theoretical studies assume regular arrangement of fibers in matrix that permits the use of representative volume element (RVE) for prediction of mechanical properties. Theoretical methods established in the literature for random fiber composites are complex and approximate. A simple approach is established in this work to accurately predict the transverse thermal conductivity of unidirectional random fiber-reinforced composites using the principle of electrical analogy (EA). In this study, circular fiber is transformed into an equivalent square fiber that facilitates the application of EA, and predicted the transverse thermal conductivity of random fiber composites. The conductivity of equivalent square fiber is evaluated by back-track approach using an equivalent thermal system. Python code is developed to generate the random location of fibers in the composite. The results obtained in this way are verified and found to be in good agreement with benchmark results over a wide range of fiber composites with varying conductivity ratios, fiber volume fraction, and randomness.

Economic evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy for purulent-catarrhal endometritis of cows with drugs of various pharmacological groups

Ensuring the food independence of the population of Russia, reducing the consumption of imported food products is one of the priority tasks of our economy. Achieving this goal is impossible without a comprehensive solution of many important issues of conservation and development of animal husbandry, a significant increase in the productivity of various animal species. Prosperous development is hindered by obstetric and gynecological diseases, which cause significant economic damage due to a decrease in milk productivity and reproductive potential, and premature culling of cows. A predisposing factor in the development of the inflammatory process is the weakening of the body's resistance as a result of inadequate feeding, lack of exercise, keeping animals in rooms where the main parameters of the microclimate are violated. The use of the preparation containing silver nanoparticles argovit allows to reduce the duration of treatment in the absence of damage from the rejection of milk after therapy. The study was carried out in order to study the cost-effectiveness of the treatment of mastitis in cows with drugs of various pharmacological groups. Animals were divided into experimental and control groups according to the principle of analogues. During the treatment of purulent-catarrhal endometritis of cows, the experimental group was injected intrauterine with the drug argovit in the form of a 10% aqueous solution at a dose of 100 ml 1 time in 48 hours and uteroton intramuscularly 10 ml once every 48 hours. The control group was administered intrauterine metrobiotic 1 tablet 1 time in 24 hours and uteroton intramuscularly at a dose of 10 ml, once 1 time in 48 hours. The results of the research established a high economic efficiency of veterinary measures per 1 rub. costs in the treatment of purulent catarrhal endometritis of cows with Argovit (16.2 rub).

Accumulation lithium in the tissues and organs of goslings concerning of its level in the mixed feed

We studied the possibility of fortification of goslings’ products with lithium and peculiarities of its depositing in the organs and tissues of goslings concerning lithium level in the mixed feed. Experimental studies have been conducted on goose breed Legart. A total of 320 one-day-old goslings were divided on the principle of analogues into four groups and 80 heads each. The goslings of the first control group did not receive the lithium supplement with the feed mix. Experimental groups were fed with the feed mixed that additionally was supplemented with different doses of lithium by the scheme of the experiment. After 70 days of rearing, three birds were randomly selected from each group and their control slaughter. The lithium content in the representative samples of muscle tissue and organs of goslings was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). It was established that feeding the growing goslings with mixed feed containing lithium supplements in doses of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg, contributed to the increase (P < 0.001) of the concentration of this trace element in the muscles of the thigh and drumstick accordingly 789.5, 1589.5 and at 3447.4 %, in the muscles of the breast 1096.8, 2080.6 and at 3948.4 %, liver are 455.4, 824.6 and at 1440.8 % are compared to goslings that did not receive lithium supplements. Significantly high values of lithium accumulation factors in organs and tissues of gosling (3.21–14.44) indicated that this element has a substantial accumulating capacity. The meat of goslings enriched with lithium can be considered as a natural product with bio-corrective action that can be used in human nutrition. These meat products can be particularly useful for people that are living in regions with a low environmental level of lithium.

Study of the tolerance of high doses of drugs for external use based on fipronil, praziquantel, moxidectin and pyriproxyfen

The purpose of the researchis to study the tolerance of increased doses of topical preparations based on fipronil, praziquantel, moxidectin and pyriproxyfen in dogs and cats at increased therapeutic doses.Materials and methods.In the laboratory of ectoparasitoses on the basis of VNIIP, a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Center of VIEV RAS, two preparations were developed in the form of a solution for external use for dogs and cats based on praziquantel, pyriproxyfen, imidacloprid and moxidectin. Work on the study of tolerance to high doses was carried out on 15 kittens and 15 puppies under the age of one year, 15 adult cats and 15 adult dogs. Animals were divided into 8 experimental and 4 control groups according to the principle of analogues, 5 animals each. The drugs were used at 1.5 and 2 times the increased therapeutic dose four times with an interval of 7 days. The animals were observed for 30 days; noted the general condition, behavior, appetite, controlled weight and body temperature. Before the start of the experiment and 30 days after the start of the use of the drugs, blood was taken for general clinical and biochemical studies.Results and discussion.It was found that drugs in 1.5 and 2 times increased therapeutic doses, applied four times with an interval of 7 days, did not have a negative effect on carnivores. There were no changes in behavior, body temperature and weight, physical condition, clinical status, hematological and biochemical parameters of blood and functions of internal organs. The drug was well tolerated by dogs and cats of different breeds of different age groups, as well as by puppies and kittens. Manifestations of any allergic reactions were not observed. The obtained results of the studies confirm the safety of the use of drugs in practice in the recommended dosing regimen.

Influence of intestinal coccidiosis on weight gain of young cattle

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of coccidiosis infection (cryptosporidiosis, eimeriosis) on the average daily gains in live weight of young cattle.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on animals spontaneously infected with Eimeria spp. And Cryptosporidium spp. According to the principle of analogues, 4 groups of animals were formed, 10 heads each. In the first experiment, the average daily weight gain of 1-20-day-old animals infected with Cryptosporidium (1st experimental group) and clinically healthy calves (1st control group) was compared. For the second experiment, calves at the age of 2-4 months, infected with Eimeria spp. (2nd), were selected, young animals free from infection were selected in the second control group.Results and discussion. In calves infected with Cryptosporidium spp., the average daily gains ranged from 0.597±0.017 to 0.675±0.018 kg. The decrease in growth per day relative to the animals of the control group was, on average, 0.346 kg. The maximum loss of weight gain, 11.0±0.88 kg, was recorded in November. A similar dynamic of the decrease in average daily weight gain was established in animals at eimeriosis. During the research period, the shortfall in live weight of calves infected with Eimeria spp. was 21.5±2.6 kg, which is 12.3 kg less relative to the mass of calves infected with Cryptosporidium spp. Sharp fluctuations in the reduction of average daily weight gain in this group were not recorded: on average, 0.248±0.113 kg relative to the control group. Thus, the reason for the lack of live weight gain (up to 40 %) in calves in the farm of the Uvinsky district of the Udmurt Republic is intestinal coccidiosis. The minimum indicator of the average daily gain in live weight (0.597±0.017 kg) falls on the group of calves infected with cryptosporidiosis, which is almost 2 times less relative to the gain of animals from the control group.

POSTHUMOUS WEDDING IN TRADITIONAL IDEAS AND RITUAL PRACTICE OF THE CHUVASHS IN SOUTHERN URAL

The article considers the funeral and memorial customs and rites of the Chuvashs living in the Southern Urals, mainly the Ttans-Ik and Trans-Belaya basins of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The choice of the study range is due to the fact that the funeral and memorial customs and rites of the Chuvash of this region have not been studied sufficiently in historical and ethnological terms, and the available studies are generalized or fragmentary in nature. The purpose of the study is to show the phenomenon of the so-called posthumous wedding and its local variants, which have been preserved and exist in the ritual practice of this ethno-territorial group. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy, systematization and fundamental principles of historical research: historicism, objectivity, consistency and specificity. Historical-comparative, descriptive methods, the method of system-semantic analysis, as well as such methods of field research as interviews and observation were also used. The article is based on historical and ethnological studies on ethnography, religion and funeral and memorial rituals of the Chuvash, the peoples of Russia and the Volga-Ural region, archival documents of the Scientific Archive of the Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, as well as field materials collected by the author in 2014, 2021, 2022 in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Republic of Tatarstan. Results of the study. The ideas of the Chuvash about the institution of marriage were analyzed from the point of view of its relevance for unmarried and unmarried dead, verbal, actional and ritual actions pursuing the motivation for marriage by representatives of the specified category of the deceased were considered, the essence and content of the posthumous wedding in the ritual practice of the Trans-Ural Chuvashs were reflected, including local forms of its manifestation. Findings. It was revealed that posthumous weddings were symbolic in nature and were held formally. With the participation of the parents and relatives of the deceased, they arranged both with a preliminary visit and without visiting the cemetery. The time for the wedding was determined by the parents of the deceased themselves or adjusted it to the summer or autumn general commemoration of the deceased. At posthumous weddings, such elements of the traditional Chuvash wedding were observed as the performance of long and dance wedding songs with dances, parental blessing, a joint meal at the table, and the distribution of gifts to the participants of the rite.

Plant raw materials for correction of reproductive function of cows

The article presents data on the study of the effect of the supplement Lamarin Saldonum on the reproductive ability of highly productive cows. The experiment was conducted in the APC collective farm "Iskra" (Kotelnichsky district, Kirov region). The experiment involved cows of a black-and-white Holstein breed aged 2-5 lactation, with a milk yield of 7,500 kg for 305 days of the previous completed lactation, divided according to the principle of analogues into experimental groups O1, O2, O3 and control K4 (n=5). The additive was introduced into the ration of cows in groups O1, O2 and O3 30 days before the expected date of calving for 2 months (60 days) daily in doses of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/kg live weight per day respectively. It was found that the use of dietary supplements in these doses does not affect the duration of pregnancy of females and the timing of their arrival in the hunt after calving. However, it reduces the number of spermodoses spent per fruitful insemination by 7,69; 46,15 (p?0,01) and 23,08 % (p?0,05), the number of days from calving to fruitful insemination by 19, 65 (p?0,01), 38,24 (p?0,001) and 27,27 % (p?0,001), and period of infertility by 32,81 (p?0,01), 63,84 (p?0,001) and 45,54 % (p?0,001) respectively relative to group K4 (intact animals). According to the conducted studies, the most optimal dose for correcting the reproductive function of cows is an additive dose of 0,4 g per 1 kg of live weight.

Влияние кормовой добавки на микроморфометрию и микробиом кишечника бройлеров

Abstract. Poultry farming makes a significant contribution to the country's economy, to the stability of the food market and ensures food security. The increase in the rate of poultry production directly depends on the feeding and maintenance of poultry. Various domestic manufacturers offer a large number of different feed additives with improved feed conversion. At the same time, some additives provoke an exacerbation of reactions to stress factors and a decrease in immunity in poultry. Therefore, one of the main tasks in the development of poultry farming is the use of feed additives with the least negative impact on the body, increasing the safety of livestock and ensuring maximum productivity. One of these is a feed additive based on humic acids. The scientific novelty lies in obtaining new data on micromorphometric indicators and microbiocenosis of the intestines of broilers when using the Reasil® Humic Health feed additive. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of a feed additive based on humic acids on micromorphometric parameters and microbiome of the digestive canal organs. Materials and methods. The production experience was carried out at the poultry farm of “Vremya-91”. According to the principle of analogues, 2 groups were formed: a control and an experienced one of Cobb 500 cross broilers with 18,000 heads each. Results. The analysis of the results showed that in the broilers of the experimental group, in comparison with the intact one, there was an increase in the thickness of the mucous membrane and submucosal base in the glandular stomach by 319 and 378 microns, and in the muscular one - the mucous and muscular membranes by 844 and 481 microns, respectively. In the small intestine, an increase in the size of villi by 702 microns and their number was observed. The thickness of the mucous membrane in the colon was greater by 733 microns. When using a feed additive, the amount of conditionally pathogenic microflora did not exceed the norm, while the number of lactobacilli increased by 103 CFU/g.

The state of metabolic parameters of the blood in white rats under conditions of long-term oral administration of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles under food stress

The prohibition of using antibiotics with growth-stimulating properties in the European Union led to the search for new, safer, more effective, and cheaper feed additives. One of these substances was rare earth elements (REE, atomic numbers 57–71) due to their low toxicity and protective and antioxidant properties. At the same time, higher efficiency of organic forms of REE was noted. Thanks to this, it is possible to assume their even more pronounced effect in nano-sized form as feed additives and the need to conduct research in this direction. Therefore, this work aims to study the metabolic parameters of the blood in rats under long-term oral administration of nanoparticles of one of the representatives of rare earth elements – gadolinium orthovanadate (NP GdVO4:Eu3+) under food stress. Experimental samples of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles activated by Europium (spindle-shaped geometry; size 8×25 nm; initial concentration 1.0 g/dm3) were used in work. Experimental studies on rats were carried out based on the vivarium of the NSC “IEKVM”. The object of research was 140 mature male Wistar rats with an initial weight of 180–200 g. Four groups of animals, 35 rats each, were formed according to the principle of analogs. During the experiment, animals of the control group received drinking water without additives; rats of the І experimental group were given a solution of NP GdVO4:Eu3+ at a dose of 0.2 mg/dm3 (≈ 0.03 mg/kg of body weight); II research group – at a dose of 1.0 mg/dm3 (≈ 0.15 mg/kg of body weight) and rats of III research group – at a dose of 2.0 mg/dm3 (≈ 0.30 mg/kg of body weight). Drinking was carried out for 56 days, then it was completed, and the rats were observed for another 14 days. A nutritionally unbalanced diet was used as a stress factor. Taking into account the results of biochemical studies, the adaptogenic effect of NP GdVO4:Eu3+ in the range of doses of 0.2–1.0 mg/dm3 of drinking water (≈ 0.03–0.15 mg/kg of body weight) on the body of white rats was established under conditions of food stress with optimal duration of action – 28–42 days. Under the conditions of administration at a dose of 2.0 mg/dm3 of drinking water (≈ 0.30 mg/kg of body weight), a hepatic(cyto-)toxic effect of nanoparticles was detected, which was accompanied by an irreversible decrease in the structural indicators of lipid metabolism, the consumption of antioxidant resources and the induction of intensity processes of lipid peroxidation against the background of alanine aminotransferase hyperenzymemia.

Study of the effects of butyric acid and propanediol of the intestine in ICR mice

The effect of gut microbiota correctors on the motility of the gastrointestinal tract of ICR mice was studied. Two feed additives were used - compositions based on glycerol and 1.3 propanediol and Salkoli Mono BP Dry. Three groups of 10-12 animals each were formed according to the principle of analogues: two experimental and one control. Experimental feed mixtures were made by saturating 200 g of feed with sunflower oil, 1.3 propanediol, glycerol (experimental group 1); the feed mixture of experimental group 2 was additionally mixed with the feed additive Salkoli Mono BP Dry. To estimate the rate of fecal excretion, 100 µl of fluorescent tags (fluorescent ink green and red) were given to mice of all groups, previously mixed with water 1: 1. The timing of the appearance of the first signs of fluorescence in feces in animals of the control and experimental groups was estimated. Intensive fluorescence of the green label in fluorimetry samples was observed. The greatest increase in fluorescence was observed at the 4th hour of the experiment in the control group, while in the 2nd experimental group the increase lasted until the 5th hour. In the 1st experimental group, elimination of the main amount of green dye did not begin even by the 5th hour of the experiment. The method using fluorescent tags revealed a delay in mixing of feed masses in mice fed glycerol and 1,3 propanediol, which was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in Escherichia coli concentration - by 3 times (p < 0.05). The use of Salkoli Mono BP Dry had no statistically significant effect on E. coli concentrations and gastrointestinal motility.

Infl uence of genotype of sows on carcass weight of offspring

The study of fattening and meat traits of farm animals is relevant in the framework of ecological and genetic screening. The purpose of the work was to establish the infl uence of the genotype of sows on the carcass weight of the off spring obtained from them. Three groups of sows of Landrace breed were formed according to the principle of analogues, in each group they were full sibs, the total number of animals was 13. Pigs were reared in a large pig farm in the Altai Territory. The conditions of housing the animals corresponded to the standard requirements for pork fattening. At the age of about 150–160 days when fattening up to 100 kg of live weight slaughter was performed. The determination of the carcass weight was established by weighing on monorail scales for static mass estimation. The data was evaluated using Microsoft Offi ce Excel and the R programming language in the RStudio data analysis environment version 2022,07,2+576 (RStudio, PBC). The weight of the carcass characterized by the median in litters No. 2386, No. 1902, No. 2849 was 59,60, 63,60 and 71,60 kg, respectively. The analysis of variance carried out using the Kraskel-Wallis criterion indicated that the carcass weight significantly differed in the estimated litters (H = 6,36, df = 2, p = 0,041). A pair wise comparison using the posteriori Dunn test with the Hill correction indicates signifi cant diff erences in the pair of litters No. 2386 and No. 2849. Cluster analysis revealed two clusters: litter No. 2849 and litters No. 1902, No. 2386. The data obtained indicates the infl uence of pig heredity on the studied trait, and can be used in breeding programs and genetic-breeding research.

Topological phenomena in honeycomb Floquet metamaterials

Being driven by the goal of finding edge modes and of explaining the occurrence of edge modes in the case of time-modulated metamaterials in the high-contrast and subwavelength regime, we analyse the topological properties of Floquet normal forms of periodically parameterized time-periodic linear ordinary differential equations ddtX=Aα(t)Xα∈Td\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\left\\{ \\frac{d}{dt}X = A_\\alpha (t)X\\right\\} _{\\alpha \\in {\\mathbb {T}}^d}$$\\end{document}. In fact, our main goal being the question whether an analogous principle as the bulk-boundary correspondence of solid-state physics is possible in the case of Floquet metamaterials, i.e., subwavelength high-contrast time-modulated metamaterials. This paper is a first step in that direction. Since the bulk-boundary correspondence states that topological properties of the bulk materials characterize the occurrence of edge modes, we dedicate this paper to the topological analysis of subwavelength solutions in Floquet metamaterials. This work should thus be considered as a basis for further investigation on whether topological properties of the bulk materials are linked to the occurrence of edge modes. The subwavelength solutions being described by a periodically parameterized time-periodic linear ordinary differential equation ddtX=Aα(t)Xα∈Td\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\left\\{ \\frac{d}{dt}X = A_\\alpha (t)X\\right\\} _{\\alpha \\in {\\mathbb {T}}^d}$$\\end{document}, we put ourselves in the general setting of periodically parameterized time-periodic linear ordinary differential equations and introduce a way to (topologically) classify a Floquet normal form F, P of the associated fundamental solution Xα(t)=P(α,t)exp(tFα)α∈Td\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\left\\{ X_\\alpha (t) = P(\\alpha ,t)\\exp (tF_\\alpha )\\right\\} _{\\alpha \\in {\\mathbb {T}}^d}$$\\end{document}. This is achieved by analysing the topological properties of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the monodromy matrix Xα(T)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$X_\\alpha (T)$$\\end{document} and the Lyapunov transformation P(α,t)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P(\\alpha ,t)$$\\end{document}. The corresponding topological invariants can then be applied to the setting of Floquet metamaterials. In this paper these general results are considered in the case of a hexagonal structure. We provide two interesting examples of topologically non-trivial time-modulated hexagonal structures.

Productive and weight indicators of the digestive canal organs of broiler chickens when using a feed additive based on humic acids

Relevance. Recently, a promising alternative to antibiotics has become a wide range of feed additives of different composition and different origin, the action of which is aimed at improving the safety of livestock, increasing live weight gain, feed conversion and the quality of the products obtained. One of such feed additives is «Reasil® Humic Health» based on humic acids.Methods. The production experience was carried out on the basis of the poultry farm of LLC «Vremya-91». To conduct production experience on broiler chickens of 21-day-old «Cobb 500» cross, according to the principle of analogues, 2 groups of poultry were formed: control and experimental, with 18,000 heads each. The bird of the control group received the main diet. Broiler chickens of the experimental group, in addition to the main diet, received the feed additive «Reasil® Humic Health» in a concentration of humic acid salts of 2 g/kg of feed.Results. The addition of a humic biologically active feed additive to the diet at a dose of 2 g/kg of feed makes it possible to increase the live weight of broilers by 9.5%, the safety of livestock by 2% and average daily gains by 21%.

ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS EFFICACY AGAINST BOVINE FASCIOLIASIS

Parasitic diseases in cattle are widespread in the territory of the Russian Federation. At the farms of Udmurtia various kinds of ruminants parasitic fauna are represented and therefore the vast use of antiparasitic drugs entails a range of problems: their toxic side effects on animals’ organism, restrictions for livestock products consumption (milk, meat). Based on the aforementioned, the aim of the work was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of anthelmintic drugs against bovine fascioliasis under the Udmurt Republic conditions. The coprological examinations were made in the conventional sedimentation technique; in total 50 head of cows aged 3–5 years were examined. To determine the extensive and intensive efficacy of the drugs based on the analogy principle five groups per 10 animals were formed, four - experimental ones and the fifth served as a control one. Four drugs were used in the experiment: «Rolenol», «Santel 10 %», «Albendozole 10 %» (suspension for oral administration) and «Santomectin». When evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintic drugs against trematode infestations in cattle it was found that all of the used drugs showed high efficacy on the 40th day after dehelmintization, but due to the fact that the causative agent Fasciola hepatica belongs to biohelminthic diseases with chronic course the period of therapeutic efficacy was evaluated for up to 60 days. The maximum extensive efficacy – 90 % and intensive efficacy from 63.54 % to 83.33 % respectively were found in the groups of animals dehelmintized with: «Albendozole 10 %» in the form of suspension for oral administration and the injectable «Santomectin»; these antiparasitic drugs have a similar mechanism of action on helminths. The use of the latter is more cost-effective for agricultural enterprises, which must be taken into consideration when planning the combat measures against trematode infestations in cattle.

ВПЛИВ ЗГОДОВУВАННЯ ДОБАВКИ ЗООФІТОПЛАНКТОНУ НА ОБМІН РЕЧОВИН І ВІДТВОРНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ ОВЕЦЬ ПОРОДИ ЛАКОН

Продуктивні якості овець залежать від породності, годівлі й утримання, віку тварини, місяця лактації, кількості ягнят, яких вигодовує вівцематка. Вирішення цієї проблеми можливе лише за умови розведення та утримання тварин. Своєю чергою головною ланкою утримання тварин є їх повноцінна годівля. На сьогодні загальний рівень годівлі низький, а її повноцінність не відповідає вимогам. Важливим резервом поповнення потреби у високобілкових кормах, кормовому протеїні та біологічно активних речовинах у наш час можуть бути флора й фауна водоймищ. Вивчали показники відтворних властивостей вівцематок та обміну речовин за умови включення в раціон комбікорму з вмістом у його складі протеїново-мінеральної добавки з аквакультури річки Дністер. Дослідження ґрунтується на проведенні науково-господарського досліду на вівцематках молочно-м’ясної породи лакон за місяць до парування та дає змогу стверджувати, що згодовування протеїново-мінеральної добавки з аквакультури в раціонах вівцематок дослідних груп сприяло заплідненості маток під час першого осіменіння. Результати досліджень вказують на те, що жива маса маток у різні періоди досліду змінювалася. Встановлено, що за період підготовки до осіменіння жива маса маток контрольної групи збільшилася на 3,11 кг, а першої та другої дослідних груп – на 3,67 кг і 3,94 кг відповідно, що більше за контрольну групу тварин на 18% (Р<0,05) і 26,6% (Р<0,01). Унаслідок дослідження встановлено, що жива маса маток контрольної групи за період лактації зменшилася на 9,0 кг, або 11,79%; маса маток першої дослідної групи – на 7,27 кг, або 8,9%; маса маток другої дослідної групи – на 5,5 кг, або 7,57%; маса маток третьої дослідної групи – на 8,24 кг, або 11,5%. Встановлено можливість і доцільність введення в комбікорми вівцематок породи лакон 3–12% протеїново-мінеральної добавки з аквакультури річки Дністер замість ячменю. За комплексною оцінкою найвища ефективність спостережена за доз ПМДА в комбікормі маток у межах 7% за масою комбікорму.