Principal Ideal Ring Research Articles

RD-flatness and RD-injectivity of simple modules

We say that a ring R is a right RDV-ring if each simple right R -module is RD -injective. In this paper, we study the notion of RDV -rings which is a non-trivial generalization of V-rings and Köthe rings. For instance, commutative RD -rings, serial rings and right duo right uniserial rings are RDV -rings. Several characterizations of right RDV -rings are given. Also, it is shown that over a semilocal ring R with Jacobson radical J , each simple right R -module is RD -flat if and only if R is a left RDV -ring, if and only if R ( R / J ) is RD -injective, if and only if ( R / J ) R is RD -flat. As a consequence, we show that a local ring R is a principal ideal ring if and only if R satisfies the ascending chain condition on principal left ideals and R ( R / J ) is RD -injective. In the case of R being either a local left perfect ring or a normal left perfect ring, we have obtained results which state that to check whether every left R -module is RD -injective (or, R is Köthe), it suffices to test only the RD -injectivity of the simple left R -modules. Finally, we give some characterizations of quasi-Frobenius rings by using these concepts.

Computing free non-commutative Gröbner bases over [formula omitted] with Singular:Letterplace

With this paper we present an extension of our recent ISSAC paper about computations of Gröbner(-Shirshov) bases over free associative algebras Z〈X〉. We present all the needed proofs in details, add a part on the direct treatment of the ring Z/mZ as well as new examples and applications to e.g. Iwahori-Hecke algebras. The extension of Gröbner bases concept from polynomial algebras over fields to polynomial rings over rings allows to tackle numerous applications, both of theoretical and of practical importance. Gröbner and Gröbner-Shirshov bases can be defined for various non-commutative and even non-associative algebraic structures. We study the case of associative rings and aim at free algebras over principal ideal rings. We concentrate on the case of commutative coefficient rings without zero divisors (i.e. a domain). Even working over Z allows one to do computations, which can be treated as universal for fields of arbitrary characteristic. By using the systematic approach, we revisit the theory and present the algorithms in the implementable form. We show drastic differences in the behaviour of Gröbner bases between free algebras and algebras, which are close to commutative. Even the process of the formation of critical pairs has to be reengineered, together with implementing the criteria for their quick discarding. We present an implementation of algorithms in the Singular subsystem called Letterplace, which internally uses Letterplace techniques (and Letterplace Gröbner bases), due to La Scala and Levandovskyy. Interesting examples and applications accompany our presentation.

L-LIPs of codes over finite chain rings

In this paper, we first generalize the l-linear intersection pair (l-LIP) of codes over finite fields to the linear l-intersection pair of codes over finite chain rings. Then three criteria of l-linear intersection pair of codes over finite chain rings are obtained. By means of the generator set of cyclic codes, we obtain the generator set of the intersection of two cyclic codes which helps us to get a characterization of l-cyclic intersection pair of codes. As an application, l-cyclic intersection pair of codes over finite chain rings are used to construct new entanglement-assisted quantum error correcting codes. Finally, under suitable conditions, we also obtain a characterization for a l-cyclic intersection pair of codes over principal ideal rings Zk.

Diagnostic tests for discrete functions defined on rings

Abstract The paper is concerned with sources of faults associated with commutative principal ideal rings. Tables of faults of such sources are known to correspond to Cayley multiplication tables in rings, whose elements are replaced by the values of a Boolean function of these elements. For such rings, the concepts of a diagnostic test and the Shannon function for the length of a diagnostic test are introduced in a natural way. It is shown that if A is a principal ideal ring with only one prime ideal p ≠ A, and if pn = 0 for some n ∈ ℕ, then, for this ring, the Shannon length function of a diagnostic test has the form L diagn(A, n) = Θ(n). We also define an easily testable functions, i.e., a function with respect to which the order of growth of the length of a diagnostic test with respect to this function is equal to the logarithm of the number of pairwise distinct columns of the table of faults. A link between easily testable functions and column separation of tables of faults for two concrete sources of faults is established.

Further results on higher weights of codes over finite rings

The descriptions of generalized Hamming weights with respect to rank are given for codes over chain rings. Based on the descriptions of generalized Hamming weights with respect to rank, the double chain condition, in particular, the chain condition, is introduced and some judging criteria for the double chain condition are presented. As an application of the chain condition, we determine generalized Hamming weights with respect to rank of the tensor product of certain codes satisfying the chain condition. By using generalized Hamming weights with respect to rank, we generalize some results obtained in recent references. We introduce relative generalized Hamming weights to codes over chain rings and principal ideal rings, and present equivalent descriptions and bounds on them. We also generalize maximum distance codes with respect to rank to relative maximum distance codes with respect to rank and give a series of judging criteria for relative maximum distance codes.

Counting non-isomorphic generalized Hamilton quaternions

In this paper we study the isomorphisms of generalized Hamilton quaternions $\Big(\frac{a,b}{R}\Big)$ where $R$ is a finite unital commutative ring of odd characteristic and $a,b \in R$. We obtain the number of non-isomorphic classes of generalized Hamilton quaternions in the case where $R$ is a principal ideal ring. This extends the case $R=\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$
 where $n$ is an odd integer.

On $ S $-principal right ideal rings

<abstract><p>Let $ S $ be a multiplicative subset of a ring $ R $. A right ideal $ A $ of $ R $ is referred to as <italic>$ S $-principal</italic> if there exist an element $ s \in S $ and a principal right ideal $ aR $ of $ R $ such that $ As \subseteq aR \subseteq A $. A ring is referred to as an $ S $-<italic>principal right ideal ring</italic> ($ S $-PRIR) if every right ideal is $ S $-principal. This paper examines $ S $-PRIRs, which extend the notion of principal right ideal rings. Various examples, including several extensions of $ S $-PRIRs are investigated, and some practical results are proven. A noncommutative $ S $-PRIR that is not a principal right ideal ring is found, and the $ S $-variants of the Eakin-Nagata-Eisenbud theorem and Cohen's theorem for $ S $-PRIRs are proven.</p></abstract>

On the State Approach Representations of Convolutional Codes over Rings of Modular Integers

In this study, we prove the existence of minimal first-order representations for convolutional codes with the predictable degree property over principal ideal artinian rings. Further, we prove that any such first-order representation leads to an input/state/output representation of the code provided the base ring is local. When the base ring is a finite field, we recover the classical construction, studied in depth by J. Rosenthal and E. V. York. This allows us to construct observable convolutional codes over such rings in the same way as is carried out in classical convolutional coding theory. Furthermore, we prove the minimality of the obtained representations. This completes the study of the existence of input/state/output representations of convolutional codes over rings of modular integers.

Generalization of low rank parity-check (LRPC) codes over the ring of integers modulo a positive integer

Following the work of Gaborit et al. (in: The international workshop on coding and cryptography (WCC 13), 2013) defining LRPC codes over finite fields, Renner et al. (in: IEEE international symposium on information theory, ISIT 2020, 2020) defined LRPC codes over the ring of integers modulo a prime power, inspired by the paper of Kamche and Mouaha (IEEE Trans Inf Theory 65(12):7718–7735, 2019) which explored rank metric codes over finite principal ideal rings. In this work, we successfully extend the work of Renner et al. by constructing LRPC codes over the ring mathbb {Z}_{m} which is not a chain ring. We give a decoding algorithm and we study the failure probability of the decoder.

Non-invertible-element constacyclic codes over finite PIRs

In this paper we introduce the notion of λ-constacyclic codes over finite rings R for arbitrary element λ of R. We study the non-invertible-element constacyclic codes (NIE-constacyclic codes) over finite principal ideal rings (PIRs). We determine the algebraic structures of all NIE-constacyclic codes over finite chain rings, give the unique form of the sets of the defining polynomials and obtain their minimum Hamming distances. A general form of the duals of NIE-constacyclic codes over finite chain rings is also provided. In particular, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the dual of an NIE-constacyclic code to be an NIE-constacyclic code. Using the Chinese Remainder Theorem, we study the NIE-constacyclic codes over finite PIRs. Furthermore, we construct some optimal NIE-constacyclic codes over finite PIRs in the sense that they achieve the maximum possible minimum Hamming distances for some given lengths and cardinalities.

The exact annihilating-ideal graph of a commutative ring

The rings considered in this article are commutative with identity. For an ideal $I$ of a ring $R$, we denote the annihilator of $I$ in $R$ by $Ann(I)$. An ideal $I$ of a ring $R$ is said to be an exact annihilating ideal if there exists a non-zero ideal $J$ of $R$ such that $Ann(I) = J$ and $Ann(J) = I$. For a ring $R$, we denote the set of all exact annihilating ideals of $R$ by $\mathbb{EA}(R)$ and $\mathbb{EA}(R)\backslash \{(0)\}$ by $\mathbb{EA}(R)^{*}$. Let $R$ be a ring such that $\mathbb{EA}(R)^{*}\neq \emptyset$. With $R$, in [Exact Annihilating-ideal graph of commutative rings, {\it J. Algebra and Related Topics} {\bf 5}(1) (2017) 27-33] P.T. Lalchandani introduced and investigated an undirected graph called the exact annihilating-ideal graph of $R$, denoted by $\mathbb{EAG}(R)$ whose vertex set is $\mathbb{EA}(R)^{*}$ and distinct vertices $I$ and $J$ are adjacent if and only if $Ann(I) = J$ and $Ann(J) = I$. In this article, we continue the study of the exact annihilating-ideal graph of a ring. In Section 2 , we prove some basic properties of exact annihilating ideals of a commutative ring and we provide several examples. In Section 3, we determine the structure of $\mathbb{EAG}(R)$, where either $R$ is a special principal ideal ring or $R$ is a reduced ring which admits only a finite number of minimal prime ideals.

Composite G-codes over formal power series rings and finite chain rings

In this paper, we extend the work done on $G$-codes over formal power series rings and finite chain rings $\mathbb{F}_q[t]/(t^i)$, to composite $G$-codes over the same alphabets. We define composite $G$-codes over the infinite ring $R_\infty$ as ideals in the group ring $R_\infty G.$ We show that the dual of a composite $G$-code is again a composite $G$-code in this setting. We extend the known results on projections and lifts of $G$-codes over the finite chain rings and over the formal power series rings to composite $G$-codes. Additionally, we extend some known results on $\gamma$-adic $G$-codes over $R_\infty$ to composite $G$-codes and study these codes over principal ideal rings.

Ideals of Finite-Dimensional Pointed Hopf Algebras of Rank One

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebra of rank one over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. In this paper we show that any finite-dimensional indecomposable [Formula: see text]-module is generated by one element. In particular, any indecomposable submodule of [Formula: see text] under the adjoint action is generated by a special element of [Formula: see text]. Using this result, we show that the Hopf algebra [Formula: see text] is a principal ideal ring, i.e., any two-sided ideal of [Formula: see text] is generated by one element. As an application, we give explicitly the generators of ideals, primitive ideals, maximal ideals and completely prime ideals of the Taft algebras.

Virtually homo-uniserial modules and rings

We study the class of virtually homo-uniserial modules and rings as a nontrivial generalization of homo-uniserial modules and rings. An R-module M is virtually homo-uniserial if, for any finitely generated submodules the factor modules and are virtually simple and isomorphic (an R-module M is virtually simple if, and for every nonzero submodule N of M). Also, an R-module M is called virtually homo-serial if it is a direct sum of virtually homo-uniserial modules. We obtain that every left R-module is virtually homo-serial if and only if R is an Artinian principal ideal ring. Also, it is shown that over a commutative ring R, every finitely generated R-module is virtually homo-serial if and only if R is a finite direct product of almost maximal uniserial rings and principal ideal domains with zero Jacobson radical. Finally, we obtain some structure theorems for commutative (Noetherian) rings whose every proper ideal is virtually (homo-)serial.

Eigenvalues of zero divisor graphs of principal ideal rings

In this paper, we first study zero divisor graphs over finite chain rings. We determine their rank, determinant, and eigenvalues using reduction graphs. Moreover, we extend the work to zero divisor graphs over finite commutative principal ideal rings using a combinatorial method, finding the number of positive eigenvalues and the number of negative eigenvalues, and finding upper and lower bounds for the largest eigenvalue. Finally, we characterize all finite commutative principal ideal rings such that their zero divisor graphs are complete and compute the Wiener index of the zero divisor graphs over finite commutative principal ideal rings.

On the ideals of the Radford Hopf algebras

Let be the mn 2-dimensional Radford Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. In this paper, we show that any finite dimensional indecomposable -module is a cyclic module. According to the structure of any indecomposable module under the adjoint action of we prove that the Radford Hopf algebra is a principal ideal ring. Furthermore, we give explicitly the generators of all 28 ideals of 9-dimensional Radford Hopf algebra

Unique factorization properties in commutative monoid rings with zero divisors

Several different versions of “factoriality” have been defined for commutative rings with zero divisors. We apply semigroup theory to study these notions in the context of a commutative monoid ring R[S], determining necessary and sufficient conditions for R[S] to be various kinds of “unique factorization rings.” Our work generalizes Anderson et al.’s results about “unique factorization” in R[X], Gilmer and Parker’s characterization of factorial monoid domains, and Hardy and Shores’s classification of when R[S] is a principal ideal ring (for S cancellative). Along the way, we determine when R[S] is “restricted cancellative” or satisfies various “(restricted) ideal cancellation laws.”

Rings whose (proper) cyclic modules have cyclic automorphism-invariant hulls

The object of this article is associate to automorphism-invariant modules that are invariant under any automorphism of their injective hulls with cyclic modules and cyclic modules have cyclic automorphism-invariant hulls. The study of the first sequence allows us to characterize rings whose cyclic right modules are automorphism-invariant and to show that if R is a right Kothe ring, then R is an Artinian principal left ideal ring in case every cyclic right R-module is automorphism-invariant. The study of the second sequence leads us to consider a generalization of hypercyclic rings that are each cyclic R-module has a cyclic automorphism-invariant hull. Such rings are called right a-hypercyclic rings. It is shown that every right a-hypercyclic ring with Krull dimension is right Artinian.

Determinants of some special matrices over commutative finite chain rings

AbstractCirculant matrices over finite fields and over commutative finite chain rings have been of interest due to their nice algebraic structures and wide applications. In many cases, such matrices over rings have a closed connection with diagonal matrices over their extension rings. In this paper, the determinants of diagonal and circulant matrices over commutative finite chain rings R with residue field 𝔽q are studied. The number of n × n diagonal matrices over R of determinant a is determined for all elements a in R and for all positive integers n. Subsequently, the enumeration of nonsingular n × n circulant matrices over R of determinant a is given for all units a in R and all positive integers n such that gcd(n, q) = 1. In some cases, the number of singular n × n circulant matrices over R with a fixed determinant is determined through the link between the rings of circulant matrices and diagonal matrices. As applications, a brief discussion on the determinants of diagonal and circulant matrices over commutative finite principal ideal rings is given. Finally, some open problems and conjectures are posted

When Intersection Ideals of Graphs of Rings are a Divisor graph

Let R be a commutative principal ideal ring with unity. In this paper, we classify when the intersectiongraphs of ideals of a ring R G(R), is a divisor graph. We prove that the intersection graphs of ideals of a ring RG(R), is a divisor graph if and only if R is a local ring or it is a product of two local rings with each of them hasone chain of ideals. We also prove that G(R), is a divisor graph if it is a product of two local rings one of themhas at most two non-trivial ideals with empty intersection.