Principal Areas Research Articles

Spatial and temporal effects on the value of ecosystem services in arid and semi-arid mountain areas—A case study from Helan Mountain in Ningxia, China

In the context of global warming and the continued increase in greenhouse gas emissions, the expansion of the global arid and semi-arid zones will accelerate, and there will be a risk of further land degradation. Changes in land use are one of the human activities that cause the increase in CO2 concentration in the global atmosphere. This article takes Helan Mountain as the research object which is located in the arid and semi-arid regions. It analyzes the spatial and temporal effects of land use changes, ecosystem service value, and ecological risk of land use in Helan Mountain by using GIS technology and five periods of land use data in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The study results show the following: First, due to land use changes in the arid and semi-arid zones, grasslands lost the largest area (in total 50,407.11 ha) during the study period. Construction land is the highest dynamic land type that increased by 22,364.73 ha. Land use generally shows a trend of increasing before decreasing, with an inevitable increase in the degree of utilization. Second, the total ecosystem service value decreased by 0.1148 million yuan from 5,674.5490 to 5,674.6638 million yuan, which shows a slight change in the overall ecosystem service value. Third, the ecological risk of land use could be divided into five classes, with a transformation characteristic from high and low ecological risk to comparatively high, medium, and comparatively low ecological risk. Fourth, the western side of Helan Mountain is the principal supply area for ecosystem services in the entire study area, which is an area with high-grade ecological risk at the same time. The vulnerability and importance of this area need to be given high priority. This study will provide spatial guidelines for the protection and restoration of ecological security issues such as environmental damage and land degradation in the arid and semi-arid regions of the mountains.

Klasifikasi Kadar Glukosa Darah Keluaran Alat Non-invasif Menggunakan Regresi Logistik Ordinal dengan Peringkasan Luas

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the silent killer because its symptoms tend to go unnoticed. Blood glucose level checks must be performed periodically to control blood glucose levels for DM and non-sufferers. The IPB Non-Invasive Biomarking Team developed a non-invasive monitoring device to check blood. The tool uses the spectroscopy principle and produces an output in the form of a residual value of light intensity. A method is needed to predict the category of blood glucose levels based on the measurement results of non-invasive tools. Classification modeling is one of the methods that can be used to analyze the relationship between the blood glucose level class of invasive measurement results and the residual value of the intensity of non-invasive measurement results. One of the commonly used classification methods is ordinal logistic regression. This method generates the final model of a cumulative opportunity logit function with an opportunity value for each class as a differentiator between classes. Light spectrum-based data used as predictor X changes often provide changes that correlate with each other. The principal component analysis reduces its dimensions to become a new set of changes that do not correlate. A good data summarization approach at the preprocessing stage is also necessary to provide good modeling. Several summarization methods have been carried out in previous studies. Graph area summation in the period is the best summarization method because it can take advantage of the general data information. This study uses the ordinal logistic regression method as a modeling method by applying principal component analysis and graph area summation applied to 2017 data and 2019 data. Classification modeling in the 2017 data had a balanced accuracy value of 64,64%. Classification modeling in the 2019 data produced a balanced accuracy value of 57,57%. The design used in the 2017 tool and the 2019 tool is different, causing the residual intensity graph of the non-invasive measurement results to be read differently. The 2017 data model is better applied to homogeneous data and the 2019 data model is better applied to heterogeneous data.
 
 Keywords: blood glucose levels, non-invasive tool, graph area summation, ordinal logistic regression, principal component
 analysis.

Big data in tourism marketing: past research and future opportunities

Purpose The purpose of this study was to uncover representative emergent areas and to examine the research area of marketing, tourism and big data (BD) to assess how these thematic areas have developed over a 27-year time period from 1996 to 2022. This study analyzed 1,152 studies to identify the principal thematic areas and emergent topics, principal theories used, predominant forms of analysis and the most productive authors in terms of research. Design/methodology/approach The articles for this research were all selected from the Web of Science database. A systematic and quantitative literature review was performed. This study used SciMAT software to extract indicators. Specifically, this study analyzed productivity and produced a science map. Findings The findings suggest that interest in this area has increased gradually. The outputs also reveal the innovative effort of industry in new technologies for developing models for tourism marketing. Ten research areas were identified: “destination marketing,” “mobility patterns,” “co-creation,” “gastronomy,” “sustainability,” “tourist behavior,” “market segmentation,” “artificial neural networks,” “pricing” and “tourist satisfaction.” Originality/value This work is unique in proposing an agenda for future research into tourism marketing research with new technologies such as BD and artificial intelligence techniques. In addition, the results presented here fill the current gap in the research since while there have been literature reviews covering tourism with BD or marketing, these areas have not been studied as a whole.

Applications of Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) for Books and Objects on Paper

ABSTRACT Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) is a photography technique that documents object surface relief under varying illumination directions. This article presents the technique through a portable, automated RTI dome system, which allows for convenient photographing of objects in the collection and subsequent rendering of interactive, digital RTI images. The paper showcases the possible applications of RTI methods in documenting books and objects on paper. We discuss the applicability of RTI in four principal areas of interest: technology identification, object condition assessment, evaluation of conservation treatments, and dissemination of conservation work results. Each example is supported with RTI images recorded for objects from the collections of the Jagiellonian Library in Krakow, the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw and the Asia and Pacific Museum in Warsaw.

One Nation, One Team: The U.S. Women’s National Team’s Equal Pay Victory and Its Broader Impact

This teaching-based case study focuses on and addresses issues and opportunities in women’s sports. The context used for such discussions are the U.S. Women’s National Soccer team’s accomplishments (e.g., mainly the settlement for equal pay). Both the main case and the teaching materials enlighten examinations in three principal areas (i.e., leadership, diversity, and marketing). As future leaders in the sports industry, we believe that Sport Management students should be prompted to discuss issues and opportunities beyond what we have long referred to as (traditional) “sports,” to intentionally focus on and address issues and opportunities in women’s sports. Nonetheless, the benefits of the present case study reside in its ability to invite students to consider topics and current events in sports that are imperative to continue the momentum to move sports (in particular, women sports) forward. This teaching-based case study is intended for third- or fourth-year undergraduate students. Given its broad approach and focus in three different areas (i.e., leadership, diversity, and marketing), the case could be used in several sport courses, such as management or business of sports, sport marketing, sport diversity, sport sociology, or sport leadership. Knowledge is gained via individual and teamwork, class debates, and written assignments.

A research review on coarse grain micronization

This article gives an overview of research on grain micronization and the principal research areas that have been carried out in this respect. The results of the effects of infrared radiation on fodder grain used in animal feeding are presented. It is stated in most of the researches that micronization causes destruction of grain molecular structure, decreasing its hardness, partially changing amount of starch, which positively influences on absorption of grain treated by infra-red irradiation. The main lines of research into the micronization process are formulated.

Features of the current geopolitical situation and foreign policy of independent Ukraine

The relevance of the subject under study is conditioned by the fact that in the context of Russian aggression, Ukraine is undergoing a new stage of state development, which primarily concerns its future position on the political map of the world and its role in the system of international relations. The purpose of this study was to analyse the geopolitical situation and foreign policy activities of Ukraine at the present stage of its historical development. General scientific and special research methods, including comparative, historical, and systemic, structural and functional, forecasting, institutional, and other methods, were used to solve the tasks set. The findings of this study can be considered as the identification of the stages of Ukraine’s development in the diplomatic space, and the formulation of the state’s foreign policy guidelines. The study described Ukraine’s geopolitical strategy since independence and the state of its partnership potential at present. The study analysed the principal areas of foreign policy activities of the state authorities and the country’s prospects in terms of its advancement on the world stage. The participants also identified the priorities of Ukraine’s foreign policy and the problems of asserting the state in the international arena in the context of Russian aggression and the struggle for territorial integrity. The results of this study are important for government officials whose responsibilities include the development of the state’s foreign policy course, as well as for scholars whose research interests include foreign policy in the European-Atlantic context and Ukraine’s cooperation with foreign countries

Розвиток механізмів бюджетування фінансової діяльності банків в умовах міжнародних економічних відносин

The article examines the budgeting mechanism of banks’ financial activities in the context of international economic relations. The essence of financial planning of banking activity, as well as its role in the bank management system, is substantiated. The method of bank budgeting was considered. Recommendations for the implementation of modern automated information and analytical budgeting systems in the bank, used in foreign practice, are proposed. The proposed procedure for the formation of the bank’s financial plan, which will make it possible to improve the budgeting of the bank’s financial activities, since with the help of budgeting it is possible not only to increase the income and reduce the expenses of the bank, but also to obtain an increase in economic efficiency indicators by improving the quality of the services provided and the degree of satisfaction of customers and employees of the bank. Budgeting is a technology of business management at all levels through budgets, including setting goals, monitoring performance, analyzing and making appropriate adjustments. The processes of financial planning and budgeting are future-oriented decision-making. In the process of budgeting, managers make more reasonable management decisions based on budget information, and a system of responsibility distribution and motivation of bank branch managers and business line managers regarding the results of their work. Budgeting forces planning, producing a comprehensive financial model of the bank, clear for analysis, key parameters and improving coordination. Banks that effectively use budgeting get the opportunity to plan the needs for financial resources, thereby reducing the risks of unforeseen expenses, obtaining cost savings due to the coordination of all types of activities, and determine ways to eliminate problems and obstacles that arise in the process of activity. The process of drawing up the planned budget consists of four stages: 1) determination by the management of the main directions of the bank’s activity; 2) budget centers prepare their budgets; 3) conducting analysis and checking of budget proposals by the management, the result of which is the adjustment of their budgets by the budget centers in accordance with the recommendations of the management; 4) approval of budgets. The first stage includes the following four components: a) determination of guidelines for the bank’s activities in general; b) determination of planned values of macroeconomic indicators (analysis of the external environment); c) determination of guidelines for the principal areas of activity; d) determination of internal regulations, including those regarding non- operational activities.

Challenges of Wartime: The Work of the Central State Archive of Science and Technology (TsDNTA) of Ukraine during the Russian Invasion

The article focuses on the activities of the Central State Archive of Science and Technology (TsDNTA) of Ukraine from the start of the full-scale Russian invasion on February 24, 2022 and until October 2022. The author gives an overview of the types of scientific and technical documentation and composition and contents of the archive’s holdings and considers the principal areas of the archive’s work, aimed at enriching the National Archive Fund with socially valuable materials, ensuring the preservation of documents, popularizing archival resources, and promoting their wider use. Particular attention is paid to important cooperation with legal entities that serve as key sources of documentation for the National Archive Fund, as well as to the provision of practical and methodological assistance to employees of state archival institutions. Implementing the Strategy for the Development of Archives until 2025 and maintaining the priority of ensuring unhindered access to information and satisfying people’s information needs by providing equal access to archival resources, the TsDNTA of Ukraine elicits feedback from users, services requests, issues electronic copies of documents, offers online consultations, etc. Despite the difficult wartime conditions and remote work, the archivists of the TsDNTA of Ukraine continue to pursue large-scale undertakings launched earlier, particularly the creation of a search system for the electronic identification of objects of preservation (TOPAZ) and development of a comprehensive 3D tour of all the premises of the archive. These endeavors not only significantly expand the nomenclature of remote services the archive provides, but also have given rise to new projects introducing innovative technologies into archival work, in particular the development of an object-geographical catalog integrated into an interactive map. These measures are aimed at adapting the TsDNTA of Ukraine to wartime conditions and preserving the country’s scientific and cultural heritage. Since the Russian armed aggression is still ongoing and archival institutions are functioning under the constant threat of destruction and seizure by the invaders, the article is far from the last word in the study of the efforts by the archivists of the TsDNTA of Ukraine to safeguard the nation’s cultural treasures. The subject has a lot of potential for further research.

TASKED: Transformer-based Adversarial learning for human activity recognition using wearable sensors via Self-KnowledgE Distillation

Wearable sensor-based human activity recognition (HAR) has emerged as a principal research area and is utilized in a variety of applications. Recently, deep learning-based methods have achieved significant improvement in the HAR field with the development of human–computer interaction applications. However, most of them are limited to operating in a local neighborhood in the process of a standard convolution neural network, and correlations between different sensors on body positions are ignored. In addition, even though several recent existing works considered the correlations between different sensor positions, they still face significant challenging problems with performance degradation due to large gaps in the distribution of training and test data, and behavioral differences between subjects. In this work, we propose a novel Transformer-based Adversarial learning framework for human activity recognition using wearable sensors via Self-KnowledgE Distillation (TASKED), that accounts for individual sensor orientations and spatial and temporal features. The proposed method is capable of learning cross-domain embedding feature representations from multiple subjects datasets using adversarial learning and the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) regularization to align the data distribution over multiple domains. In the proposed method, we adopt the teacher-free self-knowledge distillation to improve the stability of the training procedure and the performance of human activity recognition. Experimental results show that TASKED not only outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the four real-world public HAR datasets (alone or combined) but also improves the subject generalization effectively.

Sleep in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review and Systematic Update.

Sleep problems are a common comorbidity for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and research in this area has a relatively long history. Within this review, we first outline historic patterns in the field of sleep and ASD. Second, we conducted a systematic update and coded these studies based on their alignment with historic patterns. Research on ASD and sleep over the past two decades has primarily focused on four principal areas: (1) documenting the prevalence and types of sleep problems; (2) sleep problem treatment options and efficacy; (3) how sleep problems are associated with other behavioral, contextual, or biological elements; and (4) the impact of child sleep problems on families and care providers. The systematic update in this paper includes empirical studies published between 2018 and 2021 with terms for sleep and ASD within the title, keywords, or abstract. In sum, 60 studies fit the inclusion/exclusion criteria and most fit within the historic patterns noted above. Notable differences included more global representation in study samples, studies on the impacts of COVID-19, and a growing body of work on sleep problems as an early marker of ASD. The majority of studies focus on correlates of sleep problems noting less optimal behavioral, contextual, and biological elements are associated with sleep problems across development for children with ASD. Recommendations for future directions include continued expansion of global and age representation across samples, a shift toward more treatment and implementation science, and studies that inform our mechanistic understanding of how sleep and ASD are connected. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40675-022-00234-5.

Directions of Monitoring the Financial Activity of Agricultural Enterprises

The relevance of this study is conditioned upon the special importance of accounting reports in financial performance assessment of organisations that form the basis of the agricultural sector of the state and the need to find effective ways to improve the procedure for conducting such reporting activities and improve its quality. The purpose of this study is to analyse the principal areas of accounting for the financial aspects of the activities of modern agricultural enterprises. The leading research methods are systematic analysis, analytical comparison, and synthesis. The theoretical framework of this study included the papers on the pressing issues of accounting and analysis of financial results of agricultural enterprises, in the context of assessing profits and losses of these structures. The grouping of financial results by the composition of the elements that form them were considered. The main indicators used to assess the financial stability of an agricultural enterprise are availability of net working capital, coefficient of autonomy, manoeuvrability coefficient, ratio of borrowed and own funds, coefficient of provision of net working capital, financing ratio, financial stability coefficient. The types of current financial stability are absolute, normal, unstable financial condition, budgetary crisis. The real opportunities to improve the procedure for keeping financial statements at enterprises of the agricultural sector of the economy were found, especially in the field of assessing the profits received by these organisations during their activities. The results and conclusions of the article are important for representatives of accounting departments of agro-industrial enterprises, and for representatives of government agencies controlling their activities. It was concluded that there is no single method for assessing the financial condition

Overcoming Linguistic Inequities: Strengths and Limitations of Translation during the Pandemic

The confinement period imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented event with severe human and social implications. Its effects further accentuated the marginalisation of migrants and minor linguistic communities, with access to essential resources, such as healthcare services and remote teaching, being considerably hampered by linguistic diversity. Communication was paramount to share information and reduce the uncertainty provoked by the enforced isolation. As a form of inter-lingual communication, translation has significantly contributed to containing the problems of multilingualism. By mediating expert-lay and peer-to-peer communication in multilingual contexts, translators and interpreters helped remove linguistic barriers. Nevertheless, language inequities as well as the inadequacy of government policies, which often overlooked the linguistic needs of vulnerable social groups, revealed that translation still awaits considerable improvements. With reference to scholarly works and large-scale examples, this paper discusses the strengths and limitations of translation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also outlines the principal areas that need further development if translation is to work as a fully effective form of communication in our multilingual and multicultural society.

Best Practices of the World Health Organization Collaborating Centres (WHOCCs) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

BackgroundWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centres (WHOCCs) cooperate with the WHO on a range of strategic areas such as nursing, nutrition, mental health, chronic diseases, education, and health technologies, depending on their speciality areas. As of 2021, WHO has 47 CCs in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) collaborating on diverse areas. Four CCs in the EMR located in Egypt, Kingdom of Bahrain, Sudan, and Pakistan focus primarily on medical education (ME).ObjectiveThe objective of this review of the literature is to describe the best practices in ME based on published research from the four WHOCCs in EMR. The secondary objective is to classify them based on the level of Kirkpatrick’s model (KM) of educational outcomes.MethodsThe contributions of WHOCCs are categorised in to five domains namely “Curriculum Development and Course Design”, “Student Assessment”, “Quality, Accreditation, and Program Evaluation”, “Teaching and Learning” and “Innovation in Medical Education”. Initial extraction yielded 96 articles for review, while the second level of analysis reduced the number of publications to 37 based on the date of publication within the last 5 years. Numerous best practices in ME emerged from the recently published works of these WHOCCs in the areas of learning and teaching, curriculum development, innovations in medical education, quality, and assessments in medical education. Literature from the WHOCCs on assessment and curriculum design are limited, possibly indicating opportunities for additional research.ConclusionThe researchers conclude that the WHOCCs in the EMR show transformational impact on all principal areas of research and at multiple levels.

Village chicken production and food security: a two-decade bibliometric analysis of global research trends

BackgroundThe present study aimed to reveal outputs of research works on village chicken production as a tool to combat food insecurity, taking into account the recurring challenge posed by food shortage and high rise in hunger among vulnerable people of several countries.ResultsOn aggregate, 104 publications were obtained in a BibTeX design for analysis using bibliometric package in R studio. The obtained data comprised, but not limited to authors, citations, institutions, key words and journals. Published articles on village chicken production with relation to food security retrieved from web of science (WOS) and Scopus data banks were utilized with a rise in research publications of a yearly growth of 12.93% during the study period. With regard to country, USA was ranked first with an aggregate sum of publications (n = 16), and a huge global academic influence with most top article citations (n = 509). The frequently used authors’ keywords in this studied research area were food security (n = 23), poultry (n = 9), chickens (n = 7), backyard poultry (n = 5), gender (n = 4), which all together created a hint on related studies on village chicken production and food security.ConclusionsThe present study provides a worldwide situation that traverse the intellectual quandary on village chicken production and food security research, and a direction for further researches in this field. It is very vital to emphasize that the current study only dealt with principal areas of village chicken production as related to food security research, hence, it is projected that new empirical research and prospective research findings would afford new knowledge and insight on village chicken production as a means to address food security challenges as new studies evolves.

A STUDY ON WORKLIFE BALANCE AT ISPATIAL TECHNO SOLUTIONS –HYDERABAD

Work and life remain the two most principal areas in the life of a used single individual. There is a developing readiness in today’s workplaces that employees don’t surrender their lives just because they work. With the increasing differences of family structures spoke to in today’s workforce, especially with the creating standard of twofold profession families, the imperativeness of managing an employee’s work-life balance have expanded prominently in recent years. Managements understand that the possibility of an employee’s close to home and family life effects work quality and that there are solid business motivations to advertise work and non-work coordination. In this project, we battle that helping employees to achieve a work-life balance should transform into an essential bit of HR policy and system if it is to truly get the best from the association’s kin without forsaking them unsatisfied, exhausted and unfulfilled. KEYWORDS-Work quality.HR Policy, work life Balance

E&P Notes (August 2022)

E&P Notes (August 2022)

Further explorations of connected speech in Nigerian English

AbstractThe article begins with the assertion that much research has now been done on the once‐neglected suprasegmental phonology of Nigerian English. A principal area of interest in this field is connected speech, and several Nigerian scholars have addressed many of the issues involved, not least the patterns of intonation structure. Building on these studies, and taking the British descriptive tradition developed notably by A. C. Gimson and Alan Cruttenden as its theoretical base, the article seeks to offer fresh perspectives on certain issues that have hitherto not received attention. With the aid of the interlinear method of transcription, it shows the differences between two contrasting systems, on the one hand that of native speakers, and on the other Popular Nigerian English (PNE), a concept first developed by Jowitt (1991) and denoting features characteristic of relatively younger and less educated Nigerians.

The emblematic South African therocephalian Euchambersia in China: a new link in the dispersal of late Permian vertebrates across Pangea.

Therapsids were widely distributed in Pangea in the late Permian. South Africa in Gondwana and Russia in Laurasia are the principal areas recording tetrapods (including therapsids) of this age. More recent field explorations have increased the importance of Chinese late Permian fossil assemblages. This is clearly reflected in the discovery of several new therocephalians from the Naobaogou Formation in Nei Mongol. Here, we report a therocephalian from that unit identified as a new species of the emblematic South African taxon Euchambersia. The new species, Euchambersia liuyudongi, is represented by a well-preserved skull and mandible showing a well-developed maxillary fossa and the absence of postcanine teeth. This is the third akidnognathid therocephalian recovered from the Naobaougou Formation, but oddly, the two basal Chinese akidnognathids previously known were recovered from a younger unit of the formation than the derived E. liuyudongi. This is the first time that the same therocephalian genus has been recorded in northern and southern continents, making the record of the Naobaougou Formation key to understanding the evolution of late Permian continental fauna in general, and of akidnognathid therocephalians in particular.

"To Recover What Has Been Lost": Essays on Eschatology, Intertextuality, and Reception History in Honor of Dale C. Allison Jr. ed. by Tucker S. Ferda et al.

Reviewed by: "To Recover What Has Been Lost": Essays on Eschatology, Intertextuality, and Reception History in Honor of Dale C. Allison Jr. ed. by Tucker S. Ferda et al. Olegs Andrejevs tucker s. ferda, daniel frayer-griggs, and nathan c. johnson (eds.), "To Recover What Has Been Lost": Essays on Eschatology, Intertextuality, and Reception History in Honor of Dale C. Allison Jr. (NovTSup 183; Leiden: Brill, 2021). Pp. xx + 450. $159. One of the household names in NT studies, Dale C. Allison Jr. is presented with a remarkable volume. The twenty essays are arranged in three groups reflecting "areas of Allison's scholarship" (p. 2). Part 1 is devoted to "Eschatology"; part 2 to "Intertextuality"; and part 3 to "Reception History." Of course, these research areas are not the only building blocks in Allison's still growing legacy. Both the collection's list of contributors and the topics they have chosen frequently reflect other principal areas of Allison's academic impact. One of Allison's major contributions to NT scholarship is his and W. D. Davies's monumental ICC commentary on Matthew's Gospel (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1988–1997), which, more than two decades after the closing volume's publication, remains a standard reference in the field. It is no surprise that a number of fellow Matthean specialists contribute to the present collection (Foster, Gundry, Konradt, and Evans). Overall, a quarter of the volume's essays direct the readers' attention to Matthew's Gospel: Paul Foster, "The Eschatology of the Gospel of Mathew"; Mark Goodacre, "The Orthodox Redaction of Mark: How Matthew Rescued Mark's Reputation"; Robert H. Gundry, "Topographical Christology in Matthew's Narrative of Jesus' Birth and Infancy"; Chris Keith, "The Book of the Genesis of Jesus Christ (Matthew 1:1)"; and Lidija Novakovic, "Matthew and Paul on Torah Observance: Is Matthew's Gospel Anti-Pauline, Pro-Pauline, or Un-Pauline?" Two more essays focus on Synoptic texts that have parallels in Matthew: Brant Pitre, "From Reimarus to Allison: The Quest for Jesus and the Christological 'Thunderbolt' (Matt 11:25–27 // Luke 10:21–22)"; and Rafael Rodríguez, "Your Will Be Done: Remembering Jesus' Submission [End Page 536] to the Father." Gundry's essay develops a proposal introduced in his own commentary on the First Gospel. Another major building block of Allison's legacy, one for which he is equally well known, is his work on the historical Jesus. This broad area is engaged by seven contributions: James Hamilton Charlesworth, "Clarifying the Background of Jesus' Eschatological Parables (4Q541)"; James Crossley, "Jesus and John Ball: Millenarian Prophets"; Paula Fredriksen, "Al Tirah ("Fear Not!"): Jewish Apocalyptic Eschatology, from Schweitzer to Allison, and After"; Stephen J. Patterson, "Bultmann's Jesus in America"; Pitre (see above); Rodríguez (see above); and Gerd Theissen, "The Peril of Modernising and De-modernising Jesus: A Cognitive Perspective." Highlighting the volume's elegant design, its bookends connect Allison to towering figures in twentieth-century biblical research: Albert Schweitzer (Fredriksen) and Rudolf Bultmann (Patterson). Fredriksen's contribution opens by juxtaposing Allison and N. T. Wright: "Much is gained when Second Temple Jewish apocalyptic is denied, redefined, or quietly discarded" (p. 17). She concludes her essay with a quotation from Allison (p. 33): "To do history is not to do theology" (Dale C. Allison Jr., Constructing Jesus: Memory, Imagination, and History [Grand Rapids: Baker, 2010] 462). These two statements capture well what Allison's work is and is not like, what elevates him to the level of Schweitzer and Bultmann, what will require future scholarship to interact with his work. That interaction will not be limited to Jesus and the Gospels. Further prominent areas of Allison's research include the epistle attributed to James of Jerusalem, the brother of Jesus (ICC commentary; London: T&T Clark, 2013), and the Testament of Abraham (CEJL commentary; Berlin: de Gruyter, 2003). Four of the volume's essays address James and the Testament of Abraham: Alicia J. Batten, "The Letter of James and the Divine Liturgy"; Craig A. Evans, "James and Paul on the Works of the Law and the Pure Food of 4QMMT"; John S. Kloppenborg, "Verbatim Citations in James"; and Jared W. Ludlow, "Untimely Death: Is There a...