Primorye Region Research Articles

Far-Eastern Gardariki: Urban Archaeology Heritage of Jurchen Empire in Primorye Region of Russia

The article is concerned with the archaeological past of Ussuriysk town in the Russian Far East. In the Middle Ages, there was a center of Xupin province of Jurchen state in the 12th — 13th centuries, and then the capital of Eastern Xia state — Kaiyuan city — was established. Russian pioneers found here the monuments of past cultures and two tortoises. In one was founded the stele with some write characters — titles of deceased. The scholars established the name of this man. It was prince Yesykui — a collateral relative of Aguda, the first emperor of the Jurchen empire. It shows how the excavations were carried out on the Ussuriysk territory and other sites in Primorye in the 19th — 20th centuries. The activation of studying the Jurchen allowed to write the detailed history of the Jin dynasty (1115—1234) as well as to reconstruct the Primorye history in the times of Jurchen on the base of the combination of the written and archaeological sources as well as to conceptualize the distinctive features of the Jurchen urbanization. One part of Jurchen towns followed the Chinese architectural canons, while the other part followed them partially. The mountain towns and fortresses in Primorye were built following entirely different rules. Jurchens have formulated their canons of the architectural practice of mountain towns: the presence of the internal “forbidden cities” and so so-called “redoubts”, the location of houses on terraces (they acted as analogues of streets), massive extensive frontal fortifications and specific fortifications before the gates.

Composition of lipids from coal deposits of the Far East: Relations to vegetation and climate change during the Cenozoic

Twenty-one samples of sub-bituminous coal and 1 sample of coaly shale have been collected from different coal seams, representing the Cenozoic coal basins widely distributed in the region of Primorye and Sakhalin (Russia), and NE China (Hunchun deposit). The seams belong to lower Miocene-upper Oligocene (Sineutesovsky), Oligocene-upper Eocene (Pavlovsky), upper Eocene (Ust-Davydovsky), lower Eocene (Uglovsky), and upper Paleocene (Kivdinsky) local chronostratigraphic units.Terpenoid biomarker compositions indicate the contribution of conifers and angiosperms to peat formation. The results are in agreement with paleobotanical data from sedimentary successions closely associated with the seams, highlighting abundant conifers of the taxodioid Cupressaceae and Pinaceae families, as well as Betula, Alnus, Fagus, and Ulmus during Cenozoic in the Far East. In contrast to previous findings about changes in peat-forming vegetation in central Europe, the terpenoid biomarker ratios revealed increased contributions of angiosperms during the Oligocene and gymnosperm domination during Eocene and Miocene. The different evolution may be related to differences in temperature and precipitation distribution, as well as in geomorphology and landscape evolution.A positive relationship between the di-/(di- + tri-)-terpenoid biomarker ratios and δ13C of Oligocene samples indicates the role of varying gymnosperm/angiosperm influences on the δ13C of coal. Differences in vegetation and climate are most probably responsible for the different trends in δ13C of terpenoid biomarkers over the Cenozoic, beside their general variation coupled to the evolution in δ13C of atmospheric CO2.Lower δ2H values of plant-derived lipids during the Oligocene were most probably caused by lower temperatures during coal formation. This conclusion is supported by the results of recent paleobotanical studies, yielding lower mean annual temperatures (MAT) during the Oligocene but comparable values for mean annual precipitation (MAP) during the Eocene and Oligocene in the Primorye region. Pimarane-type diterpenoids are significantly depleted in 2H. The results are in agreement with previous studies identifying different sources of hydrogen and/or different biosynthetic pathways during their formation.

Приамурье и Приморье

The review of seismicity of Amur and Primorye in 2013 according to the data of permanent seismic sta-tions’s network of the Sakhalin branch of the GS RAS is presented. Maps of the representative registration of earthquakes (Mmin), of epicenters of earthquakes and explosions are presented. Distributions of shallow earthquakes by T.G. Rautian energy classes КR, and of deep-focused by magnitude MPVA are shown; total amount of seismic energy released in six seismoactive areas is given. The results of observations of after-shock activity of Skovorodino earthquake on October 14, 2011 (M=6.2) are presented. Seismicity recorded in 2013 is compared with the results of long-term observations. In general, the seismic regime of the Pri-amurye and Primorye region in 2013 is identical to that in 2012. The Turano-Bureinsky district (No. 4) con-tinues to be the dominant region in terms of released seismic energy of crustal earthquakes, which is similar to the previous year. The more stable operation of seismic stations in 2013 had a positive effect on the quality of seismic events in the catalog. There is a noticeable shortage of small events in the catalog (with КР≤6.5) despite this. This is mostly relevant to Stanovoy District No. 1 and Yankan-Tukuringra-Dzhagdinsky No. 2 regions. There was a significant increase in the total amount of released seismic energy of deep-focus earthquakes in the Sikhote-Alin area No. 5 in 2013. The peculiarity of 2013 was a slight in-crease in the number of recorded technogenic events, the largest of which are located on the territory of northern China. In most parts of the Amur and Primorye region the level of seismic activity in 2013 re-mained moderate.

Weather Radar Data for Hydrological Modelling: An Application for South of Primorye Region, Russia

This paper describes the experience of using weather radar data to simulate a catastrophic flood caused by intense rains that occurred in the period from August 5 to 8, 2017 in the south of Primorye, Russia. The Amba River (243 km²), where historical discharge peak was measured, was chosen as the test watershed of this study. Weather radar hourly precipitation fields with a spatial resolution of 1 km and a modified version of the kinematic-wave-based geomorphologic IUH model were used to estimate the hydrograph at the watershed outlet. The simulation was performed with an hourly time step; using the precipitation grids obtained from initial radar reflectivity data, and then using bias-correction based on precipitation measurement at the closest meteorological station. In the preliminary tests, the simulated discharge was found underestimated about two times in comparison with the observed discharges. After performing a precipitation bias-correction, the simulated and observed discharges showed good accordance.

Population genetic analysis of trematode Parasaccocoelium mugili Zhukov, 1971 (Haploporidae Nicoll, 1914) from the Russian Far East and Vietnam based on ribosomal ITS and mitochondrial COI gene partial sequence data.

Intraspecific variation of Parasaccocoelium mugili collected from mullet fish of the south of Russian Far East and Vietnam has previously been estimated on the basis of two molecular markers: ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences. In the present study, molecular identification of this species from the Kievka River, Primorye and from Vietnam was performed by analysis of 28S rDNA sequences. Analysis of ITS1 rDNA sequences variation revealed two highly differentiated main groups, representing trematode specimens from the two regions. Genetic variation within each region was relatively low. Mitochondrial COI gene sequence data analysis revealed fixed nucleotide and amino acid substitutions, and supported the existence of two genetically different groups associated with geographical origin. Analysis of the COI gene fragments showed extremely high variation within Russian and Vietnamese P. mugili samples. Our results for P. mugili most probably represent a case of initial step of allopotric speciation for this trematode, caused by living strategy of its definitive host at evolutionary scale. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data show that existence of gene flow between local populations of P. mugili in the Primorye Region caused by definitive hosts can be proposed.

Paleometal Epoch in the Primorye (south of the Far East of Russia)

ABSTRACTArchaeological investigations of Paleometal Epoch in the Primorye (south of the Far East of Russia) are generating insight for the introduction of metals into the Pacific coastal areas of prehistoric Eurasia. The chronological framework covers the turn of the 2nd −1st mil. BC to the beginning of 1st mil. AD. The temporal limits of bronze-bearing and iron-bearing cultural units of Primorye region overlap. The limited degree of local metal production and re-working during the Paleometal epoch still suggests progressive changes in the material culture of prehistoric populations of the southern Russian Far East.

Paleogene climate dynamics in the Primorye Region, Far East of Russia, based on a Coexistence Approach analysis of palaeobotanical data

The Paleogene climate dynamics in Primorye (Far East of Russia) are studied using the Coexistence Approach, based on palaeobotanical records. Palaeobotanical data for the reconstruction comprises 54 palaeofloras covering the early Paleocene to late Oligocene, a time span of ca. 42 myr. The climate inferences obtained are consistent with independently derived global trends, demonstrating general climate cooling through the Paleogene. Cooling is most striking regarding the cold month mean temperature, while the decline of mean annual temperature was less marked. Our data indicate that the Paleogene climate of Primorye was significantly warmer than present, in general, with the warmest conditions prevailing throughout the Eocene and in the southeast of the study area. Negligible Paleogene temperature gradients over Primorye are related to the global pattern and specific regional aspects. The precipitation reconstruction points to conditions considerably wetter than at present. A distinct increase in mean annual precipitation is observed for the early Eocene and persisted throughout the Eocene and Oligocene. The regional rainfall pattern fundamentally differed from modern conditions, and this holds for all studied variables. The inland region and the south of Primorye were significantly more humid than today. The Paleogene pattern was possibly related to a monsoon-type circulation and enhanced landward flow of humid air masses, due to an overall flatter geomorphology of the East Asian coastal areas.

Major plant biome changes in the Primorye Region (Far East of Russia) during the Paleogene

Major plant biome changes in the Primorye Region (Far East of Russia) during the Paleogene

Олово Приморья. Кавалеровский рудный район

The article presents the history of the development and the current state of tin mining industry in Primorye Region and its leading ore district. The main features of tin mineralization are characterized by examples of some typical deposits. In the description of the deposits, the authors focused on the ore composition determining their commercial value as well as on prognostic estimates. It is shown that the revival of regional tin mining industry is associated with polymetallic state of ores in the prevailing cassiterite-sulfide deposits, in which tin exists with other economically important elements such as Zn, Cu, Ag, Pb, In, and Au. The article provides a detailed description for the Arsenyevskoe deposit. With its considerable reserves of tin and a unique combination of diverse mineralization, this deposit is considered here as a geological object that reflects main features of metallogeny of tin in Primorye. A brief outline is given to the Iskra tin deposit, the last of the discovered (1989) and exploited (1992–2001) deposits in Primorye.

Impacts of Eurasian Transport Connectivity enhancement on Russia

As China has promoted the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) since 2014 and some CIS countries including Russia established Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015, the trans-Eurasian land transport has gained attentions. Under this background, this paper examines two questions. The first question is how significantly the recent strategic policies such as BRI and EAEU could shift container cargo from maritime shipping and land transport. The other is how much the shift could affect Russian Far East. To answer these questions, the authors estimated their impacts on cargo volume using the intermodal network simulation model. The simulation results indicate that the cargo volume shifted would be about 10 percent of the total container flows between Asia and Europe, under our assumptions. Although the land transport has potential to increase cargo volume several times as the current level, the maritime shipping will be still a dominant mode in the intercontinental cargo transport. In addition, the simulation revealed possible negative impacts on Primorye region of Russia, while the shift will advance.

An Essay on the Buddhist Scupltures of Balhae from Primorye

An Essay on the Buddhist Scupltures of Balhae from Primorye

Stratigraphic Subdivisions of the Lower Triassic of South Primorye Region. Article 3. First Findings of Euflemingites prynadai and Shimanskyites shimanskyi (Ammonoidea) in the SMID Section

Stratigraphically important early Olenekian ammonoids are found for the first time in the SMID section (outskirts of the town of Artem, southern Primorye): Euflemingites prynadai (Kiparisova), Shimanskyites shimanskyi Zakharov et Smyshlyaeva, Parussuria semenovi Zakharov, and Xenoceltites aff. variostatus Brayard et Bucher. The scheme of zonal subdivisions of the lower substage of the Olenekian Stage of this region is refined on the basis of new paleontological data.

Provenance identification of the high-fired glazed wares excavated from the Late Jin Dynasty (Dong Xia State) sites in Russia's Primorye Region

In this work, twenty-three pieces of high-fired glazed samples from the archaeological excavations of the Dong Xia sites in Russia's Primorye region were studied. In addition to visual observation, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques were jointly applied to the analysis of the chemical composition and microstructure of the samples. The major emphasis was placed on the provenance identification of the white, opalescent glazed, and celadon samples. Seven excavated fine whiteware samples were confirmed as the products from the Ding Kiln in the Jin Dynasty, and nine samples as the Jun-series wares. The most important conclusion out of the study is that two celadon samples with opaque glaze were proved to be the Ru Kiln wares. This finding implies that the Ru ware is identified for the first time in the Dong Xia sites of Russia's Primorye region. This work is a successful case of interdisciplinary cooperation in the medieval archaeometry of the Far East.

THE SARATOV VOLGA REGION AND THE FAR EAST: THREE CENTURIES OF RELATIONS

The article deals with the dynamics of the development of the Far East with the help of labor migration in the period from the 1860s to the present day. The authors analyze the intensity of migration flows, the reasons for their decline or increase, talk about new settlements founded by immigrants from the Saratov Volga region in the Amur and Primorye regions of the Russian Empire, and trace the fate of these settlements to this day. The authors identify the reasons for the lack of support for the resettlement movement in the Russian Empire by the state until the beginning of the twentieth century, and the reasons that prompted the government to develop an effective resettlement program since 1906. Attention is paid to the participation of Saratov in the Russian-Japanese war in the Far East. The extensive statistical material contained in the official publications following the results of the all-Russian population censuses of 1897, 2002 and 2010 is used. Internet sources, websites of public organizations, official state bodies, mass media are attracted. The migration policy of P.A. Stolypin, Prime Minister of Imperial Russia and former Saratov Governor- General is analyzed. In comparison with it, the project "far Eastern hectare" is considered, which the modern Russian government considers as the main tool for the inflow of population to the vast far Eastern territories. The authors prove the ineffectiveness of the project due to the small amount of allocated land, their unsuitability for agriculture or other socially significant activities, remoteness from communications, the lack of benefits for immigrants on such a scale as it was a century ago. The conclusion to which the researchers come: only taking into account the experience of generations of Russians in the development of the Far East, the traditional connection of the regions of Russia, proved by the example of the Saratov Volga region, providing immigrants with all the necessary and benefits no worse than a century ago, it is possible to ensure the priority development of the Far East.

Middle Ages Sites of the Northern Primorye Region

Middle Ages Sites of the Northern Primorye Region

Study on Smolnoe culture of Primorye Region

Study on Smolnoe culture of Primorye Region

Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow and the Russian Church Policy in the Eastern Siberia

The article is devoted to the Church policy of the Russian Orthodox Church in Eastern Siberia and the Far East with the participation of the Metropolitan of the Moscow Philaret (Drozdov, 1782–1867). Until recently historians did not focus their attention on “Asian” perspective of his activities, though there is an extensive historiography devoted to Moscow prelate. The most important aspects of the missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church in Eastern Siberia during the 1810s – 1860s are considered on the basis of materials from Russian archives (RSHA, St. Petersburg) and the little-known documentary sources. Particular attention is paid to the fate of the British Ecclesiastical Mission (1818–1840) and the development of Orthodox missionary work in the Trans-Baikal region, the missionary work of St. Innocent (Veniaminov) in the Far East, the Russian Church policy in the Amur and Primorye regions after the Crimean War (1853–1856), the reorganization of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing (1860–1864). The role of the Metropolitan Philaret in the Russian Church diplomacy in the Far East is studied in the context of Russian-Chinese relations in the mid-Nineteenth Century.

Geological and Isotope–Geochemical Criteria for the Existence of the Ancient Continental Crust in Basement Complexes of Primorye

The problem of the development of the ancient continental crust in the Primorye Region is discussed. It is substantiated by geological and isotope-geochemical criteria: a granite–metamorphic mineral composition of different-aged terrigenous deposits and pelagic cherts, occurrence of arkoses, as well as Proterozoic model age datings of sedimentary complexes and the occurrence of early Proterozoic zircons and monazites. The manifestation of potassium, high-Ba, LREE- and Nb-rich basite–ultrabasite magmatism, typical of Sino-Korean and Okhotsk Ba-bearing nuclears, of lengthy age intervals (Jurassic–Paleogene) in Primorye and the Amur Region is an important criterion.

Лингвокультурные особенности регионов в контексте развития туризма (на примере Приморского края)

Лингвокультурные особенности регионов в контексте развития туризма (на примере Приморского края)

Выборы во Всероссийское Учредительное собрание в Приморской области

Выборы во Всероссийское Учредительное собрание в Приморской области