Primorsky Region Research Articles

Study of Deformability of Weak Soils Underlying the Embankment at Construction Sites in Nakhodka City, Primorsky Region

The article presents the dependences of the weak soil settlement (peat, silty sand) on their capacity, the capacity of artificial embankment and the dynamic effects of transport and construction machinery on the planned area, which were identified due to long-term observations over settlement of ground reference marks and benchmarks. The recommendations are given to determine the settlement of weak soils under the embankment pressure when planning a residential area.

Russian Migration and Psychological Aspect

The problem of regional migration is treated in the article. The development of the Far Eastern territories is a priority now. The government has developed many large-scale projects aimed at supporting the remote region, but the problem of emigration of the economically active population has not settled since 1991. The problem of the outflow of promising young personnel from its territory is particularly acute. The purpose of this research is to study the reasons for the migration of young people from the Primorsky Region - one of the regions of the Far East. The main tasks were to obtain visions of migration moods and motivation of migration behavior of students. The study used a psychological verbal-communicative method - a survey in which a specially designed list of questions was used as a means to collect information from the respondent. The survey covered about 1,000 respondents between the ages of 15 and 30. The research has shown that the main reason for emigration of school graduates is the opportunity to progress, studying in prestigious domestic and foreign universities, working in the largest Russian and foreign companies, that not enough represented here. Excellent and good rated school graduates prefer to enter Moscow and St. Petersburg universities. This means that most prospective workers in the future want to leave the territory of the region. Analysis of the responses of the university graduates revealed the prevalence of negative expectations about their future and the future of the territories. The data indicated that the main reasons to leave the country and the Primorsky Region are low job prospects for university graduates, lack of self-realization possibilities, low wages and the instability of the region’s political and socio-economic situation. In addition, the situation is exacerbated by the fact that respondents, for the most part, do not know about the projects that are being implemented in the region and do not see career prospects, which confirms the implementation of many strategic projects of the region only on paper. The lack of measures to prevent the emigration of young people will have a number of negative economic and social consequences, one of which is the reduction of competitevness of the territory. Creating favorable conditions for young people in the region, active public policy to attract young skilled professionals in Primorye is a prerequisite for the development of the region's intellectual capital and a guarantee of its dynamic socio-economic development.

Информационные агентства Приморского края как ресурс развития международного сотрудничества и формирования информационной повестки в регионе

Информационные агентства Приморского края как ресурс развития международного сотрудничества и формирования информационной повестки в регионе

New species of Parasaccocoelium (Haploporidae) and new genus Pseudohaplosplanchnus (Haplosplanchnidae) from mullet fish in the Far East of Russia and Vietnam: morphological and molecular data.

A description and the molecular characterization of two new species in the Haploporidae and Haplosplanchnidae families are provided herein. Parasaccocoelium armatum n. sp. was collected from the intestine of a Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 from the Primorsky region, Russia, and Pseudohaplosplanchnus catbaensis n. g. n. sp. was collected from Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål, 1775) in the coastal waters of Cat Ba Island, Vietnam. The morphological features of P. armatum n. sp. closely resemble those of Parasaccocoelium polyovum, but these species differ from one another by hermaphroditic sac and vitellaria area length and by maximal egg size. The main difference between P. armatum n. sp. and P. polyovum is the presence of an armed hermaphroditic duct in the new species. Molecular data support the case for inclusion of the studied trematodes in P. armatum n. sp. Worms P. catbaensis n. g. n. sp. from the mullet from Vietnam are morphologically close to Haplosplanchnus (Haplosplosplanchninae). The only difference between P. catbaensis n. g. n. sp. and species of Haplosplanchnus is the presence of few (1-7) large eggs, measuring 135-142 × 92-104 μm, versus numerous small eggs with a maximal size of 75 × 50 μm. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there is a contradiction between the morphological similarity of the worms and their position in the Haplosplanchnidae system, based on the genetic data. Results of this study indicate that P. catbaensis n. g. n. sp. is genetically distant from other representatives of Haplosplanchnus, despite their morphological similarity. According to the molecular data, P. catbaensis n. g. n. sp. is close to Hymenocotta mulli Manter, 1961 (Hymenocottinae). However, these species are considerably different to each other morphologically. Molecular data argue for the possibility of establishing a new subfamily for P. catbaensis n. g. n. sp. However, considering earlier studies of Haplosplanchnidae, we support the view that creating new subfamilies within this family is unreasonable because of the lack of molecular data for most haplosplanchnid species, which are necessary to resolve the problematic systematics and phylogeny of this family.

Информационные агентства Приморского края как ресурс развития международного сотрудничества и формирования информационной повестки в регионе

Информационные агентства Приморского края как ресурс развития международного сотрудничества и формирования информационной повестки в регионе

Критерии успешности социального предпринимательства Приморского края

The article is aimed at studying social entrepreneurship success and identifying the opinions of social entrepreneurs in the Primorsky region (krai) on the criteria for assessing the success of their activities and the reasons for choosing these criteria. The goal and the specific scope of the research required the application of such scientific instrumentation as case studies, interviews, observation and survey of entrepreneurs of social businesses of the Primorsky region in the period 2016-2017. The data used in the research were taken from various scientific journals and articles on management and entrepreneurship. The concept of success as well as the criteria for assessing the success of social entrepreneurship still remains insufficiently studied. The nature of social entrepreneurship is still the subject of scientific discussion, and there has always been contradictions in the definition of this concept. In social entrepreneurship, it is important to have a mixed mission, including both social and economic components. The respondents defined the success of social entrepreneurship as “a social business which is aimed to solve problems in the system of social protection, yield profit and financial stability, and provide the opportunity for its development”, with public utility and shared value being the main criteria to assess the success of social businesses. Preliminary results of the study can contribute to the development of theoretical knowledge for understanding social entrepreneurship nature and the success of its development. The relevance and practical application of this study is that the obtained results can help social entrepreneurs in making decisions on the analysis of their own enterprises’ success in accordance with their strategies, goals and objectives. The further scientific research in this field will require a longitudinal study to trace the dynamics of social enterprises in order to generalize the obtained results.

Детерминанты миграционной активности в контексте восприятия населением Приморского края уровня социального благополучия

Детерминанты миграционной активности в контексте восприятия населением Приморского края уровня социального благополучия

Построение и оценка точности регрессионных моделей для определения урожайности зерновых и зернобобовых культур на основе данных дистанционного зондирования Земли и климатических характеристик

Crop yields are strictly dependent from natural and climatic conditions of the growing region, in addition specific weather conditions in the southern part of the Far East necessitates the analysis of a large number of factors when building a predictive regression model. The article presents regression models for assessing the average productivity of the main crops in Chernigovsky district of Primorsky region: soybean, spring wheat, barley and oat. Between 2012 and 2018 the sown area of these crops ranged from 78 to 86 % of the total sown area in the Chernigovsky district. We used the indicators obtained from Earth remote sensing data (the maximum weekly NDVI per year, calculated from the mask of arable land in the Chernigovsky district) and meteorological characteristics (from 2008 to 2018): hydrothermal Selyaninov coefficient, the duration of the growing season, temperature and humidity of the upper soil layer, photosynthetically active radiation and the Budyko radiation index. Climatic characteristics of arable land, representing reanalysis data and combining ground based and remote observations, were obtained using the Vega–Science web–service. Also, we used data about sown area and gross crop in the Chernigovsky region from 2008 to 2018. It was found that average annual oat yield has the biggest coefficient of variation (31.5 %). The corresponding indicator for the remaining crops is in range from 16 to 18 %. The accuracy analysis of the obtained models showed that the average error of the model in period from 2008 to 2017 was 4.1 % for barley, 5.1 % for oat and spring wheat, and 5.4 % for soybean.

Жанр «марина» и его разновидности в творчестве художников Приморского края

The article examines the work of artists of the Primorsky Region who created art works at different time periods and in different styles, in their own manner in various subgenres of the sea landscape, as well as those related to the marine theme. The author of the article analyzes the simplicity and complexity of visualizing the image of the sea wave in their works and makes a classifi cation of the genre of marine painting and proposes paths of further development of the chosen theme. Examination of the peculiarities of perceiving the nature of the sea by artists working on seashores (conditionally — “seashore artists”) and professionally working at sea makes it possible to elucidate the differences in the visualization of the sea element on the dimensions of their canvases and to penetrate more deeply into the semantic essence of the imagery of “sea inspiration”. These differences can in no way be signs of the superiority of some artists over others — they are merely different philosophical and psychological approaches to the implementation of personally endured sensory-logical experience in their works, which in general constitutes the enduring wealth of the artistic maritime culture of the Russian Far East.

Increasing the availability of financial services in remote, sparsely populated and hard-to-reach regions through the development of an entrepreneurial initiative in rural tourism

Activities to increase the availability of financial services are the primary task of the state economic policy. The formation of an active consumer of financial services is possible through the development of entrepreneurial activity among residents of remote areas, whose sparse population can become a competitive advantage. World experience in rural tourism development has shown that it is the sparsely populated, remote rural settlements from industrial centers that make them attractive for potential users of tourist services that are supplied by local people: tourist accommodation, catering, souvenir production, etc. This article presents the results of a study of the level of physical accessibility of financial services for residents of the Pozharsky district of Primorsky Krai, as well as their level of satisfaction with financial products and services. The study was conducted in 2018-2019. The main goal of the article is to examine the problems of ensuring financial affordability in remote, hard-to-reach and sparsely populated regions by the example of Pozharsky District, Primorsky Region of the Russian Federation. Measures are proposed to increase the availability of financial services through the development of entrepreneurial initiative of the inhabitants of the region.

Justification of Saponaria officinalis (S. officinalis) cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Primorsky region (Russia) and analysis of saponin- containing root extracts

The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of cultivation of soapwort (S. officinalis L.) in its singleflowered and double-flowered (var. flore pleno hort.) forms in the soil and climatic conditions of the Primorsky region (Russia); to study the effects of S. officinalis L. vegetation time on the composition and micellar properties of saponincontaining root extracts for their use as highly effective natural surfactants. The dynamics of saponin accumulation in the root as a function of cultivation time was studied. The values of surface tension and critical micelle concentration indicators of saponins and water root extracts were established for both S. officinalis L. forms and different vegetation times. The effect of various technological factors on the micellar parameters of root saponins for both S. officinalis L. types was investigated. It was found that better saponin parameters of double-flowered form of S. officinalis L. allow recommending it as a high-potential source of natural surfactants, comparable to commercial Quillaja saponins in its micellar parameters. The identified correlation between changes in the hemolytic activity of root extracts of S. officinalis L. and its vegetative stage allows expanding the sphere of their application.

Impact of different fallow durations on soil aggregate structure and humus status parameters

Soil aggregate structure and soil organic matter are closely interrelated and commonly considered as key indicators of soil quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different fallow durations on indices of soil structure and humus status indicators. Studies were conducted on abandoned agricultural fields (15, 20 and, 35 years after abandonment). As a reference site, we used a cultivated field in the area. The experimental soil fields are classified as Gleyic Cambisols. Soil macroaggregates were separated with the sieve (dry sieve) to seven aggregate size fractions, i.e.> 10, 10–5, 5–2, 2–1, 1–0.5, 0.5–0.25 and < 0.25 mm. The humus status parameters of soils included the following indicators: soil organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>), humus reserves (Q<sub>H</sub>), the degree of humification of organic matter (SOM<sub>dh</sub>), fractions of humic acids (HA) (free and bound with monovalent cations and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, bound with Са<sup>2+</sup> which forms humates, bound with clay minerals), fulvic acids (FA) (free aggressive) and ratio of HA to FA (C<sub>HA</sub><sub> </sub>: C<sub>FA</sub>). After a fallow period of more than 20 years on the surface formation of a sod layer. A long-term fallow period had an impact on the mean weight diameter of the aggregates (MWD) and agronomically valuable aggregates (AVA). Fallow soils have a significantly better structure than soils under a cultivated field. Long-term cultivation leads to the deterioration of soil structure and the formation of large aggregates (>10 mm). The C<sub>org</sub> content remains at the level of the background content when the soils are left fallow for less than 15 years and increases over time. The C<sub>org</sub> in the upper 0–20 cm soil layer has been shown to increase from 3.55 to 8.74% on arable land that has been fallow for 35 years and has been largely associated with significant accumulation of organic matter within the plant root mass. Mature sites are characterized by an increase of fulvic acids in the humus composition in comparison with their arable analogues. The abandonment of soil agricultural use and the cessation of mechanical tillage results in the restoration of the natural structure of soils and the improvement of their agrophysical properties. Such studies have not been previously conducted in the Primorsky region of the Russian Far East.

Food Habit Analysis of the Amur Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus in the Russian Far East

The ecology of the Amur leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) has not been studied enough, especially in the Russian Far East. This study presents the food habits of the Amur leopard cat, based on the analysis of scat samples collected in the Primorsky Region of Russia. Mammals and birds had the highest contribution in the diet (89.3 and 30.6% frequency of occurrence, respectively). Rodents had an important role in the diet of the leopard cat throughout the year. The proportion of birds and poikilothermic animals increased during the snow-free season. The total list of animals recorded to be consumed by the leopard cat is presented, consisting of 63 species (seven fishes, eight amphibians, one reptile, 21 birds, and 26 mammals).

Ecological-hygienic aspects of the prevalence of respiratory diseases in adolescents and children of the Primorsky Krai

There was executed the ecologic-hygienic assessment of the distribution of respiratory diseases prevalence in bioclimatic zones of the Primorsky Krai. The aim of the study was a systematic assessment of the impact of ecological-hygienic factors of environment on the distribution of respiratory diseases in adolescents and children of the Primorsky region. As an information database there were used indices of the prevalence of diseases of the respiratory system of the ICD-10 class of the official statistical report forms for the period of2000-2013 and the parameters of the environment offactor modules (6 - socio-sanitary, 5 - environmental). The numerical values of modules offactors were determined according to a specially developed scoring scale. The study of the prevalence was carried out with the use of a classical method of data analysis - descriptive statistics, Chi-square criteria. By means of the method of regression analysis from the SPSS package software there was established the relationship of environmental factors and the level of the prevalence of diseases, and were calculated values of the factor loadings influencing on the morbidity rate of children and adolescents. The study revealed that in the structure of morbidity diseases of the respiratory system account of 39% in adolescents, 61% - in children. Constructed predictive models describe the trend of the increasing in the prevalence in adolescents and children. Over the past 15 years, the level of respiratory diseases morbidity rate increased by 46.1%. It is established that the prevalence of respiratory diseases in children and adolescents from various districts of the Primorsky territory depends on the features of the bioclimatic zones and the degree of sanitary-hygienic situation, as well as combinations of parameters that form these zones; the highest cumulative level of the prevalence is observed in the bioclimatic zone of the coast, that is caused by the various degree of the impact of biotropic factors of environment; The prevalence of diseases of respiratory system is mainly affected by bioclimatic factors: residence in an area of high humidity, temperature swings, movements of air masses in combination with air pollution.

STATE OF SETTLEMENTS, RESOURCES AND FISHERY OF GRAY MUSSEL CRENOMYTILUS GRAYANUS AT THE COAST OF PRIMORSKY REGION (JAPAN SEA)

Current state of the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus stock in the coastal waters of Primorsky Region (Japan Sea) is considered on the base of diving surveys conducted in 2007–2018. Data on spatial distribution and abundance of the mussel were collected at the depths up to 20 m using hydrobiological methods of scuba diving, the transects were arranged taking into account the historical data on distribution of commercial bivalves. Total biomass and abundance of the mussel were calculated using the Voronoi diagrams (Thiessen polygons). In total, the data were analyzed for 3023 stations located along the entire coast of Primorye from the Tumannaya/ Tumen River mouth to Cape Zolotoy; 3263 mussels were sampled, weighted and measured. The material was processed statistically and cartographically, the average biomass and distribution density were estimated for the mussel settlements. State of the mussel population is evaluated as stable, in general: the portion of mollusks with non-commercial size exceeds 50 % in majority of settlements that indicates active natural reproduction. Comparison of these new results with the data of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1990s shows that those mussel settlements, which were not exposed to intensive fishery, preserve their spatial structure and abundance for a long time. Commercial stock of the mussel in Peter the Great Bay is estimated as 32.6 . 10 3 t that is in 1.8 times higher than the previous assessment made in the 1970s, possibly because of more detailed survey. In the area from Cape Povorotny to Cape Zolotoy, the commercial stock of Gray mussel is estimated as 1.1 . 10 3 t. Thus, more than 96 % of this species resource is concentrated in Peter the Great Bay. Good long-term prospects for C. grayanus fishery in the coastal waters of Primorye are concluded.

Thunderstorm activity in typhoon Lionrock (2016)

On Aug. 29, 2016, the tropical cyclone Lionrock was reported to turn into an extra-tropical storm and go to the shore of the Primorsky Region as monitoring shows, which brought about significant precipitation growth recorded in the north of the coast. Many surveys show the tropical cyclones in this area to transform into extra-tropical ones and become powerful mid-latitude storms with significant damage to coastal and maritime areas. The paper uses WWLLN (World Wide Lightning Location Network) data to study the thunderstorm activity while the tropical cyclone reaches the typhoon level with the maximum wind velocity. This made it possible to identify parameters’ variations of thunderstorm activity during atmospheric vortex phenomena. It also enabled us to determine the emergency probability due to a thunderstorm.

Alloying metals of Russia. Mineral raw materials resources: state, utilization, perspective of development (Report 2)

A group of metals, including tantalum, rare earth metals, beryllium, titanium, zirconium, rhenium, scandium and boron has a big importance for alloying steel, aluminum and other non-ferrous metals as well as for production of different alloys. In Russia, the explored resources of tantalum by many times exceed the plants’ demands. Zashikhinskoe and Vishnyakovskoe deposits in Irkutskregion, as well as Katuginskoe in Chitaregion are most promising. The State balance accounts the resources of rare earth metals (REM) oxides by 20 deposits. Russiatakes the second place in the world after Chinaby REM resources. The balance resources of beryllium are accounted in 35 deposits, exceeding the world proved resources in the summarized categories A + B + C1+ C2. Russia takes the third place in the world after China and Australia by zirconium resources. The state balance accounts 36 deposits of titanium and 21 deposit of zirconium. Rhenium is the least provided by deposits and most demanded metal. The state balance of RF accounts resources of rhenium in seven deposits: three of them being copper-molybdenum deposits, two – copperporphyritic deposits, one – tungsten-molybdenum deposit and one – purely rhenium deposit. Resources of scandium as an associated component are accounted in eight deposits of Russia, half of the being within the allocated fund of bowels. However, man-caused formations – red sludge – wastes of alumina production – are most real source of scandium. Big resources of scandium are associated with the wastes of iron ore production at Kachkanar mining and concentration plant, which ate not accounted by the State balance. Resources of three deposits of boron ores are accounted in Russia, two of the being within the allocated fund of bowels – the Dal’negorskoe (Primorsky region) which utilized, and Taezhnoe (Sakha Republic – Yakutiya), which is being prepared for utilization. A wide distribution of boron minerals ascertained in magnetite ores, developed in Korshunovskoe (Irkutsk region) and Kazskoe (Kemerovo region) deposits.

НОВЫЙ ВИД MUKHINA ORIENTALIS SP. NOV. (NEMATODA, CEPHALOBIDAE) ИЗ ПРИМОРСКОГО КРАЯ (РОССИЯ)

A new species of nematodes from the genus Mukhina Ozdikmen, 2010 (= Brevistoma Mukhina, 1981 non Brevistoma Tjeder, 1967) is described based on the leaf samples of Aralia elata and soil samples collected in the Khasansky District (Primorsky Region). Mukhina orientalis Mukhina sp. n. differs from the single known species of the genus, M. elegans (Mukhina, 1981), in body length (420–468 μm), incisura number in the lateral field (3), a shorter seminal receptacle and a plicate tail with a subulate end. The paper provides the diagnosis of the genus Mukhina.

The Analysis of the Financial Condition of Small Business and the Ways of its Development in the Primorsky Territory

Small business is the essence of development of any economy, providing the economic growth of the national economy and the welfare of the population. In the literature, the problems of assessing the financial condition of small businesses are highlighted recently, mainly on the example of countries with developed market economies. In conditions of internal structural reorganization, creation of territories for advanced development, improvement of the institutional environment, involvement of foreign investment in small business, the assessment of the current state of small business in Primorye is particularly significant. The purpose of the research is to study the theoretical, methodological and organizational issues of assessing the financial condition of small businesses in modern conditions and to propose ways of its development. Statistical and graphical methods of investigation are used in the work. Based on the study of methodological approaches for evaluating the financial condition of small business, the research presents a refined approach to a comprehensive reflection of the results of small business at the meso-level. According to the results of the analysis advantages and disadvantages of small business were identified, there was presented the evaluation of dynamics of main indicators characterizing the financial condition of small business in Primorsky region at the meso-level. Identification of factors of development of small business allows to suggest directions of sustainable business development.

Features of technological water pollution during the development of the tin-ore raw materials in the borders of the tailings dam “Dalnegorsky GOK”

The article presents a long-term study of the features of technogenic water pollution within the influence of technogenic systems (tailings dams containing toxic heavy metal compounds). In this regard, the purpose of the work was to study the specifics of water pollution during the development of tin ore raw materials at the mining enterprise “Dalnegorsky GOKZ” of the Primorsky region to ensure its environmental safety. Based on the goal, the following tasks are formulated: (1) analysis, synthesis, and systematization of literature data on the problem; (2) assessment of the impact of waste stored in tailings on water and other environmental objects; (3) development of proposals for ensuring environmental safety of technogenic pollution. Research has established that the high toxicity of waste processing of tin ore raw materials stored in tailings dams located near mining villages, contributed to intensive pollution not only of the air basin, soil, vegetation (MPC excess was from 2 to 34 times), but also surface and groundwater (excess background readings were 5-9 times). On the basis of the conducted research, proposals were made to ensure the environmental safety of technogenic pollution.