Primorsky Krai Research Articles

The interaction of endogenous and exogenous factors in the biological rhythms of the Arabesque greenling Pleurogrammus azonus in the Primorie waters

Arabesque greenling Pleurogrammus azonus is an important commercial species in the waters of Russia and Japan. In the Russian waters of the Japan Sea, regular study of its biology was conducted in the waters of the Primorsky Krai, where annual trawl surveys were performed. Material collections covered the entire calendar year. Endogenous rhythms (internal biological clocks) play a crucial role in the coordination of biorhythms of the Arabesque greenling Pleurogrammus azonus. This assumption is confirmed by the different duration of exogenous and endogenous rhythms: the dynamics of the temperature index has a pronounced periodization equal to one astronomical year, and the duration of the mixed rhythms in the dynamics of physiological processes and main components changes with age. The relationship of somatic and generative growth with temperature oscillation is subjected to age-related variability. In juveniles, this relationship is not clearly traceable. At the beginning of puberty period, significant connections are manifested. Then the dependence of growth indicators on the temperature oscillation is reduced, as the selective ability of the Arabesque greenling to choose the temperature range increases. Selective ability to environmental conditions is largely determined not by individual but by group behavior.

Strategic prospects for the development of innovative startup companies in the Primorsky Krai

Subject. This article discusses the prospects for the development of innovative companies in the Primorsky Krai, taking into account regional specifics and competitive advantages, as well as the support measures taken at the federal level. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the present-day regional strategic trends in measures to support innovative companies and develop recommendations for their improvement. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of logical analysis, synthesis, comparison, aggregation by specific feature, and systematization. Results. The article summarizes the tools of government support for start-up companies and updates the requirements for applying the theory and practice of strategic planning in this field of activity, as well as regional strategic advantages and opportunities for further development of technology startups in the Primorsky Krai. Conclusions. The development of innovative technological start-ups is a catalyst to unlock synergies of both sectoral and regional development. The combination of strategic perspectives and implemented solutions by start-up support institutions will help form the basis for the future trend in the development of innovative infrastructure in the Primorsky Krai.

FLAVONOIDS OF THE FAR EASTERN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BUPLEURUM L.

Compounds of the flavonoid class were isolated from six species of plants of the genus Bupleurum L. growing in the Russian Far East (Primorsky Krai, Magadan Region) by liquid extraction. Five compounds were identified by reversed-phase liquid chromatography: avicularin, rutin, narcissin, quercetin, isorhamnetin. Avicularin has been identified in the plants B. atargense, B. longiradiatum for the first time. The structure of compounds (avicularin, rutin, narcissin) isolated by preparative column chromatography on silica gel in the gradient elution mode with a mixture of solvents (carbon tetrachloride and ethyl alcohol) was proved by NMR-1H, 13C, 1H,13C-HMBC spectroscopy and mass spectrometry with ESI. The sum of flavonoids in the aerial part of six species of the genus Bupleurum L. was determined by differential spectrophotometry, the mass fraction of which varies from 0.58 to 2.92%. The highest content of flavonoids was found in B. euphoiroides – 2.92±0.58%, and the least – in B. longiradiatum (0.58±0.12%). Comparative analysis of individual flavonoids in species of the genus Bupleurum L. revealed the specificity of their accumulation. The main flavonoid in the aerial part of B. atargense, B. euphoiroides is quercetin – 1.14±0.23%, 0.92±0.18%, and in B. triradiatum, B. komarovianum, B. scorzonerifolium, B. longiradiatum – rutin (0.47±0.09%, 0.18±0.04%, 0.32±0.08%, 0.13±0.03% accordingly).

Preliminary assessment of current population status of the Sakhalin taimen, Parahucho perryi (Brevoort, 1856), in Primorsky Krai (Russia)

The Sakhalin taimen, Parahucho perryi, occurs along the sea coast of Primorsky Krai, but to date, self-reproducing populations have only been noted in the central and northern coastal regions between the Kievka R. in the south and the Samarga R. in the north. The Pacifi c Branch of VNIRO (TINRO) surveyed the Sakhalin taimen populations during the fi eld work in the north-east of Primorsky Krai in 2018–2022. New information about the current population status of the Sakhalin taimen has been obtained. On the basis of original and compiled data, a general increase in the abundance of the species in the rivers Edinka and Samarga including surrounding marine water areas was revealed. The presence of all size groups from underyearlings to large individuals weighing more than 20 kg was noted. These facts suggest that the living conditions and natural reproduction of the Sakhalin taimen in the area favor the growth of its populations. Since the situation in the southern regions is worse, an action plan has been proposed for conservation and restoration of the species populations in Primorsky Krai, the main point of which is the need to conduct a comprehensive study of the state of Sakhalin taimen populations.

Big value of a small natural monument of regional signifi cance Mys Devich’y Peski (Primorsky Krai, Russia)

This is the fi rst biota description of the regional nature monument Mys Devich’y Peski, located on the west coast of Lake Khanka (Primorsky Krai, Russia). The Amur softshell turtle Pelodiscus maackii (Brandt, 1857) and a large bivalve mollusk Lanceolaria chankensis Moskvicheva, 1973, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, inhabit the coastal waters, while Oxytropis chankaensis Jurtz., a coastal endemic of Lake Khanka, grows on the sandy beaches. This natural monument is one of the few places of successful breeding of the Amur softshell turtle after the catastrophic rise of water in the lake. The local group of P. maackii is dominated by mature individuals of medium size with a track width of 190–229 mm. Average number of tracks of these reptiles per 1 km of coastline is 38.2, maximum is 60 (n = 109). We have noted a high number of predators – raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834) and otters Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758, ravaging turtle clutches.The geographical location of the Mys Devich’y Peski natural monument should be clarifi ed in its cadastral case, and the monument should be assigned with a zoological profi le.

QUANTITATIVE INDICES OF ZOOBENTHOS OF THE TIGROVAYA RIVER (PARTIZANSKY DISTRICT, PRIMORYE TERRITORY)

Based on the results of the annual series of collections, the process of changes in the quantitative characteristics of benthos in the section of the right–bank tributary of the Partizanskaya River –Tigrovaya River (Partizansky municipal district of Primorsky Krai) is considered. The main trends of community formation are revealed. The results obtained were compared with the literature data on the left-bank tributary of the Partizanskaya River – the “model” Frolovka River.

Morphological and molecular identification of <i>Neomoliniella longicorpa</i> gen. et sp. nov. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from the Eurasian coot <i>Fulica atra</i> (Aves: Rallidae): a taxonomic evaluation

The purpose of the research is the morphological and molecular identification of trematodes found in the intestines of migratory waterfowl with subsequent taxonomic evaluation.Materials and methods. Mature specimens of trematodes were collected from the intestines of waterfowl (Fulica atra and Aythya ferina) shot during the ecological-faunistic monitoring in the southern part of the Primorsky krai. Preliminary morphological analyze revealed that trematodes belong to the Echinostomatidae family. The whole-mounts of worms from F. atra were prepared using standard methods with alum carmine. Divergent domains of 28S ribosomal RNA gene were sequenced and used to determine systematic position and relationships of discovered species of echinostome by reconstructing Bayesian and Maximum likelihood trees.Results and discussion. Trematodes found in the coots' intestine, should be described as Neomoliniella longicorpa in the new genus Neomoliniella gen. et sp. nov., which is reliably confirmed by morphological and genetics data. Another cryptic echinostomatid species sister to Neomoliniella gen. nov., and probably representing the separate unknown genus, was demonstrated only on the phylogenetic reconstructions and confirmed by large genetic distances. Currently, this taxon is indicated as Echinostomatidae gen. sp. and more evidence is needed for its validation. We also report about the first detection of Echinostoma paraulum from A. ferina in the south of the Russian Far East. The biology, morphology of each life cycle stage of newly described species of worms should be investigated to test not only their scientific but also medical significance. For the first time in the history of the group, dichotomous keys for eight families of the superfamilyEchinostomatoidea and, to date, the largest of all previously known for the family Echinostomatidae identification chart – dichotomous keys for the identification of 27 Palearctic genera were compiled.

Development of tuberculosis surgical service in Primorsky krai

To the 65th anniversary of the thoracic department of the Primorsky Regional Tuberculosis DispensaryThe paper reviews the main stages of the sixty-five-year history of the Thoracic Surgical Department of Primorsky Krai TB Dispensary. During this time, the department has handled all the difficulties of establishing the TB service, turning it to a platform for mastering new technologies in close cooperation with leading research institutions of Russia. Due to high professionalism and considerable efforts of managers, doctors and whole staff, the department is rapidly developing in the field of practical medical care and scientific work. All these historical chapters are inextricably interlinked with people whose respectful work and personal talents serve as an example for new generations of specialists.

An analysis of COVID-19-associated deaths in Primorsky Krai

Objective. To assess factors in COVID-19-associated lethal outcomes and to identify gaps in the quality of inpatient medical care.Materials and methods. An analysis of expert opinions (reports of medical care quality) was carried out using a random sample of 116 medical histories of COVID-19-associated lethal outcomes from various hospitals in Primorsky Krai for the period from June 2020 to August 2021.Results. The highest mortality was observed among patients aged 60–79 (53.4%) and 80–96 (30.2%). The lethal outcome occurred, on average, on the 12.8 ± 1.3 day of illness. Concomitant chronic pathologies of various organs and systems was observed in 96.5% of the deceased, with the majority of such patients having had comorbidities of three or more body systems (55.2%). Discrepancies in clinical and pathoanatomic diagnoses were noted in nine cases (7.8%) and were related to the structure of the clinical diagnosis and the reassessment of COVID-19 complications. The immediate cause of death in 84.5% of patients was acute respiratory distress syndrome.Conclusion. Elderly and senile patients with comorbid diseases are at highest risk of severe and lethal COVID-19 outcome. The difficulty of managing such patients is associated with the complexity of diagnosis, interpretation of critical conditions, and selection of appropriate therapy.

PHYCITODES SUBCRETACELLA (RAGONOT) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE: PHYCITINAE) - A NEW PHYTOPHAGE OF THE QUARANTINE SPECIES AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA L. IN THE SOUTH OF THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA

In Primorsky Krai, on the invasive naturalized species of ragweed (Asteraceae: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), the species Phycitodes subcretacella (Ragonot, 1901) was found for the first time. The ragweed is recorded as a host plant for moth Ph. subcretacella for the first time, and this fact broadens the list of phytophages of this weed plant. New data on the biology of Ph. subcretacella are given and photographs of the genitalia of both sexes with indication of diagnostic characters are shown for the first time, which make it possible to distinguish the species from related taxa. It has been established that the larvae of Ph. subcretacella damage the apical parts of the stems on which the generative organs of the plant are located that can significantly reduce the reproductive potential of ragweed.

Radon Concentrations in Mineral Waters of the Sikhote-Alin, Primorsky Krai

Radon Concentrations in Mineral Waters of the Sikhote-Alin, Primorsky Krai

ОЦЕНКА ПРЕДИКТОРНОЙ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИСКУССТВЕННО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ МЕТОДОВ В ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИИ КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНЫХ СОБЫТИЙ

Introduction. Predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases and adverse outcomes are a promising direction in medicine. Using machine learning methods to process large databases to identify new predictors and establish more complex and deeper interactions between them creates other predictive capabilities in a personalized approach to risk assessment. The new approach to improving forecasting is the ability to use artificial intelligence techniques by creating a combination of sophisticated mathematical models and algorithms under certain conditions of computational power and improved database quality. Aim. To estimate the accuracy and reliability of models based on machine learning for solving problems of cardiovascular disease risk prediction. Materials and Methods. Data from a one-stage anonymous survey of volunteers in Primorsky Krai were collected in a multicenter observational study «Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Regions of the Russian Federation». A total of 2 131 participants took part in the study. The main and additional predictors of cardiovascular diseases were selected for further analysis and inclusion in prediction models. Models were created and evaluated using statistical and neural network libraries of the Python programming language. The quality of the models was determined by calculating the total area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results and discussion. Compared to the established risk prediction algorithm by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, machine-learning algorithms improved the prediction: random forest +1.7%, logistic regression +3.2%, neural networks +3.6%. The algorithm with the highest performance (neural networks) predicted 320 cases (sensitivity 70.2%) and 1217 non-cases (specificity 74.7%), correctly predicting 248 (+7.6%) more patients who developed cardiovascular disease compared to the established absolute cardiovascular risk calculation scale Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation. Conclusion. The use of neural networks with multilayer perceptron, as one of the methods of layer-by-layer construction of machine learning algorithm, is the best option for creating a prognostic model and currently provides the most reliable results.

Monitoring of the Phytosanitary Status of the Hispid Starburr in Primorsky Krai

Monitoring of the Phytosanitary Status of the Hispid Starburr in Primorsky Krai

The impact of the ecological and climatic characteristics of the territory on the condition of the housing stock

The problem of environmental pollution is relevant at the present time. Any enterprise is a potential source of environmental pollution, and the production of road construction materials is one of the enterprises that pose a significant danger to the environment. As an example, we chose Primasfalt LLC, which is one of the main enterprises serving the roads of the city of Vladivostok. At all stages of the preparation of asphalt concrete mixtures, pollutants are released. Toxic substances accumulate in the atmospheric air, then fall on the ground in the form of liquid and solid precipitation, penetrating into the soil, groundwater is polluted, and the balance of nutrients in the soil is disturbed. In the course of the study, an assessment was made of the impact of asphalt concrete production on the condition of soils through the use of test objects — living organisms that are able to respond to environmental changes. The test object was oats, the most common and widely available bioindicator of soil conditions. Sampling points are located within the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise. When sampling, the climatic characteristics of the city of Vladivostok were taken into account. The results of the study showed that high toxicity of soils is observed at points located in the zone of maximum values of wind speed and its frequency. With the help of bioindicator organisms, it is possible to quickly and inexpensively analyze the state of the natural environment. Assessing the activity of an asphalt concrete plant with the help of biological objects makes it possible to identify the intensity of its impact not only within the framework of normative values that are aimed specifically at humans, but also at biological objects in general, which determines the relevance of the chosen topic. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of soil toxicity within the regulatory sanitary protection zone of the LLC Primasfalt enterprise in the city of Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai.

Impact of the Vladivostok landfill on shaping the environmental risk of water resources pollution

Many countries are implementing MSW recycling programmes to improve the environmental situation and quality of life. The sphere of solid municipal waste management in Russia lags behind the developed countries and is mainly aimed at landfilling. This is largely due to the problem of separate collection of MSW. The article considers the problem of waste management on the example of Primorsky Krai and its regional centre Vladivostok, which is characterized by the problem of solid municipal and domestic waste disposal, which negatively affects the ecological situation of the whole region. The article analyzes the state of the environment of the city and its surrounding areas, identifying the main sources of pollution. The data on waste recycling and population dynamics are analyzed, a map of Primorsky Krai landfills and a scheme of solid waste recycling are shown. Measures aimed at enhancing the role of waste recycling as a promising method of waste management are proposed.

항일독립운동가 최병준의 삶과 활동

From 1908 to 1919, Choi Byeong-jun devoted himself to the anti-Japanese armed struggle in the northern Gando in Manchuria and Primorsky Krai in Russia for more than 10 years before and after the Japanese invasion of the Korean Empire and its forcible annexation. He was a very noteworthy figure in the early history of the anti-Japanese independence movement in that he acted as a comrade of Lee Beom-yoon, Choi Jae-hyeong, Ahn Jung-geun, and Hong Beom-do, whom we are familiar with, and that it allows us to know the flow of the anti-Japanese independence movement at the time just by looking at his life. Above all, Choi Byung-jun was a true patriot and comrade whom Hong Beom-do trusted the most. In the early days of his activities, he fought passionately for the Righteous Army, and in the middle and latter half of his career, he faithfully fulfilled his role as a contact officer. In addition, he raised his two sons and Hong Beom-do's son as excellent patriotic youths, which served as a foundation for them to play a major role in the anti-Japanese armed struggle in the 1920s. Besides that, however, there are three major historical meanings that we can learn from Choi Byung-jun's life. First, he did not cling to ideologies s and beliefs that were only instrumental in achieving the great goal of independence, and showed a flexible and humble attitude that allowed him to humble himself at any time if he was considered a better person than himself. Secondly, Choi Byeong-jun, together with Hong Beom-do, was the person who established the basic framework of the Korean anti-Japanese armed struggle, that is, the war of independence. Lastly, Choi Byung-jun gave up his life to save his own son and Hong Beom-do's son. This cannot be explained only in the dimension of paternal love. He did not sacrifice himself as a mere biological father, but sacrificed himself to save the next generation of the independence movement.

On the controversial issues of the use of the term "sect" in legal acts (on the example of the Central Federal District legislation)

The subject of the study is the use of the definition of "sect", which is absent in federal legislation, in relation to religious organizations registered in accordance with the established procedure in the legal acts of the Central Federal District. The object of the research is scientific articles by foreign and domestic scientists on the subject, legal acts of the Central Federal District. The author examines in detail modern scientific and theoretical research in the field of destructive religiosity and a vast array of legal acts in which the term "sect" is used. Particular attention is paid to hypothetical problems that can lead to broad discretion of subjects endowed with public powers when trying to introduce rather religious, sociological (and often just everyday) term "sect" into legal discourse. Methodological basis of the research: analysis, synthesis, formal-logical and comparative-legal methods in their systemic interrelation, as well as the consistent practical experience of the author of the article as a teacher of religious studies, and an employee of one of the executive authorities of Primorsky Krai. The main conclusions of the study are the statement of the unsatisfactory experience of the implementation of the term "sect" in the legal field of the subjects of the Russian Federation included in the Central Federal District; the formulation of recommendations to eliminate these shortcomings of legal regulation. The author's special contribution to the study of the applicable conceptual apparatus is that there are practically no similar studies in the scientific legal literature. Representatives of other humanities disciplines use this term as a matter of course, but their ideas are speculative, very poorly correlated with legal reality. In a state governed by the rule of law, it is hardly justified to arbitrarily label "sect" on various religious organizations, even relatively small ones.

Persistent organic toxicants in the breast milk of women in the south and north of the Far East of Russia and infant health risk assessment

Introduction. National programs for monitoring organochlorine compounds (OCs) in the human body are being implemented in different countries. According to WHO, one of the most reliable indicators of the impact of POPs on human health is the determination of their content in women’s breast milk.
 In this regard, the purpose of the study was to study the accumulations of organic pollutants (OCPs and PCBs) in the breast milk of women in the south and north of the Far East region of Russia and to assess the environmental risk for infants.
 Material and methods. Breast milk samples (n=94) was collected in several healthcare institutions in the region (Primorsky Krai and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) with the written consent of the participants in the experiment. The women’s age ranged from 15 to 49 years. The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in breast milk samples were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 
 Results. The concentrations of POPs (∑HCH+∑DDT+∑PCB) in the samples in women’s breast milk of Primorye varied from 23 to 878 (median (Ме) 128) ng/g and from 13 to 621 (Ме 58) ng/g of lipids in the samples of women from the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, respectively. The range of concentrations of OCPs (∑HCH+∑DDT) and ∑PCBd for residents of Primorye was 3–291 (Ме 72) and 3–720 (Ме 52) ng/g of lipids, for CAO – 7–275 (Ме 27) and 1–431 (Ме 28) ng/g lipid, respectively.
 Limitation of the study. The limitation of the study is a small sample sample. However, this does not prevent us from conducting an assessment and making preliminary conclusions for the subsequent in-depth analysis of the state of these regions.
 Сonclusion. Persistent organic contaminants were found in all breast milk samples. The total content of POPs in women’s breast milk of Primorye is higher than in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in all age groups. Calculations to assess the risk of not exceeding the estimated daily intake (EDI) in breastfed infants in two regions. As follows from the results of the calculation of EDI, the level of PCB intake in newborns in Chukotka is 1.6 times higher than in Primorsky Krai. Since the action of PCBs is associated with effects that have a negative impact on the development of the child and the risk of possibility of developing various pathologies, this situation is alarming.
 Keywords: POPs; HOP; PCBs; breast milk; risk assessment; Primorsky Krai; Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 
 Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the School of Biomedicine of the Far Eastern Federal University, case No. 4, protocol No. 5 dated December 19, 2017.
 Patient consent. Each participant of the study (or his/her legal representative) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal “Toksikologicheskiy vestnik (Toxicological Review)”.

Multidrug Resistance of <i>F. tularensis</i> subsp. <i>holarctica</i>, Epizootiological and Epidemiological Analysis of the Situation on Tularemia in the Russian Federation in 2022 and Forecast for 2023

The review provides concise information on the innate ability of cells of the tularemia pathogen, Francisella tularensis subsp. Holarctica, to resist antimicrobials through a variety of mechanisms, leading to its multi-resistance. In total, taking into account new territories, 120 cases of human infection were registered in the Russian Federation in 2022. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying degrees of intensity were detected in 58 constituent entities. Against this background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were reported in 18 regions of the country. An outbreak of tularemia occurred in the Stavropol Territory; the disease of mild and moderate severity was found in 76 people. The increased incidence of tularemia persists in the Republic of Karelia with severe cases of the disease in the absence of immunoprophylaxis of this infection in the region. A total of 61 cultures of the tularemia pathogen F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, out of which 20 erythromycin-resistant strains were isolated in the Stavropol Territory. In addition, 8 cultures of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica from a silt sample and mites Dermacentor silvarum and Haemaphysalis concinna caught in the Republic of Altai were isolated. On the territory of the Russian Federation in 2022, 930 999 people were vaccinated and revaccinated against tularemia. Based on the analysis of the data obtained in 2022, epidemic complications in 2023 in the form of sporadic cases of the disease among the unvaccinated population are most likely to occur in the territories of the Central Federal District – in the Vladimir, Ryazan and Smolensk Regions; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk Region and the Republic of Karelia; Southern Federal District – in the Volgograd and Rostov Regions. The situation in the North Caucasian Federal District will remain tense in the Stavropol Territory; in the Volga Federal District – in the territories of the Saratov Region, as well as in the Kirov Region and the Republic of Mordovia; Ural Federal District – in Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts; Siberian Federal District – in certain territories of Omsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk Regions, Altai, Krasnoyarsk Territories; in the Far Eastern Federal District, the most intense epizootic activity of natural tularemia foci is in Primorsky Krai.

Lichen species in need of protection in Primorsky Krai of the Russian Far East (for the regional Red Data Book update)

The list of lichen species in need of protection was revised for the new edition of the Red Data Book of Primorsky Krai. Changes in lichen taxonomy and additions to information on species ecology and distribution were taken into account. The updated list includes 56 lichen species. We justify the need to introduce 6 lichen species into the regional Red Data Book and exclude 16 lichen species. The following species are recommended to be included in the new regional Red Data Book: Scytinium lichenoides, Alectoria sarmentosa, Hypogymnia fujisanensis, Pyxine sibirica, Phaeophyscia pyrrhophora, Umbilicaria deusta. We propose to exclude the following lichens from the regional Red Data Book: Lichenomphalia hudsoniana, Vulpicida viridis, Parmotrema cetratum, Platismatia erosa, Platismatia glauca, Platismatia norvegica, Anzia colpodes, Hypogymnia metaphysodes, Hypogymnia submundata, Lobaria crassior, Lobaria isidiosa, Nephromopsis laureri, Nephromopsis pseudocomplicata, Nephromopsis pallesens, Cetrelia davidiana, Cetrelia nuda.