Primordial Element Research Articles

What does cosmology tell us about the mass of thermal-relic dark matter?

The presence of light thermally coupled dark matter affects early expansion history and production of light elements during the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Specifically, dark matter that annihilates into Standard Model particles can modify the effective number of light species in the universe N eff, as well as the abundance of light elements created buring BBN. These quantities in turn affect the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy. We present the first joint analysis of small-scale temperature and polarization CMB anisotropy from Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and South Pole Telescope (SPT), together with Planck data and the recent primordial abundance measurements of helium and deuterium to place comprehensive bounds on the mass of light thermal-relic dark matter. We consider a range of models, including dark matter that couples to photons and Standard-Model neutrinos. We discuss the sensitivity of the inferred mass bounds on measurements of N eff, primordial element abundances and the baryon density, and quantify the sensitivity of our results to a possible existence of additional relativistic species. We find that the combination of ACT, SPT, and Planck generally leads to the most stringent mass constraint for dark matter that couples to neutrinos, improving the lower limit by 40%–80%, with respect to previous Planck analyses. On the other hand, the addition of ACT and SPT leads to a slightly weaker bound on electromagnetically coupled particles, due to a shift in the preferred values of Y p and N eff driven by the ground based experiments. In most scenarios, the combination of CMB data has a higher constraining power than the primordial abundance measurements alone, with the best results achieved when all data are combined. Combining all CMB measurements with primordial abundance measurements, we rule out masses below ∼4 MeV at 95% confidence, for all models.We show that allowing for new relativistic species can weaken the mass bounds for dark matter that couples to photons by up to an order of magnitude or more.Finally, we discuss the reach of the next generation of the CMB experiments in terms of probing the mass of the thermal relic dark matter.

The category and phenomenon of the prototype in the context of the phenomenological-dialectical concept of A. F. Losev and the phenomenology of the poetic imagination of G. Bashlyar

The subject of this research is, first of all, the ontological and phenomenological aspects of the prototype as a category and a kind of phenomenon in the field of art and poetic imagination. The research is carried out mainly on the material of the phenomenological-dialectical concept of A. F. Losev and the phenomenology of the poetic imagination of G. Bashlyar. The historical, philosophical and theological contexts of the concept of the prototype of Losev are revealed. The emphasis is made on the ontological meaning of expression and the prototype, on the ontology of aesthetic and art. Losev's concept, as well as the "direct ontology" of the poetic image in the concept of Baschlyar, are applied to the artistic material that organically meets them. These are the texts of N. Gogol: "Sorochinskaya Fair", "The Night before Christmas", "Terrible Revenge", "Old World landowners", "Viy". The theme of the prototype as an archetype revealing the deep semantics of art has been sufficiently developed, in particular, based on the material of K. Jung's analytical psychology. The novelty of this study includes several aspects. Firstly, based on Z. Freud's approach to the close connection of the infantile-personal and the archaic in the psyche in the interpretation of this artistic material, Freud and Jung's approaches are combined, it is concluded that archaic and eroticism in the primordial element are merged into one whole, therefore it is not necessary to categorically oppose these two approaches to each other, at least when referring to archetypal material. Secondly, this study focuses on the ontological and phenomenological aspects of the prototype, which are not given enough attention in various studies. Thirdly, the study combines concepts such as phenomenological-dialectical (Losev), phenomenology of poetic imagination (Bashlyar), intertextual analysis (Weiskopf) in relation to the subject of the prototype, which in their interaction allow us to more fully reveal the primitive element of art. All this can contribute to the creation of a holistic concept of the prototype in art and in the sphere of poetic imagination.

Primordial Helium-3 Redux: The Helium Isotope Ratio of the Orion Nebula* *Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO program(s) 107.22U1.001, 194.C-0833.

We report the first direct measurement of the helium isotope ratio, 3He/4He, outside of the Local Interstellar Cloud, as part of science-verification observations with the upgraded CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph. Our determination of 3He/4He is based on metastable He i* absorption along the line of sight toward Θ2A Ori in the Orion Nebula. We measure a value 3He/4He = (1.77 ± 0.13) × 10−4, which is just ∼40% above the primordial relative abundance of these isotopes, assuming the Standard Model of particle physics and cosmology, (3He/4He)p = (1.257 ± 0.017) × 10−4. We calculate a suite of galactic chemical evolution simulations to study the Galactic build up of these isotopes, using the yields from Limongi & Chieffi for stars in the mass range M = 8–100 M ⊙ and Lagarde et al. for M = 0.8–8 M ⊙. We find that these simulations simultaneously reproduce the Orion and protosolar 3He/4He values if the calculations are initialized with a primordial ratio . Even though the quoted error does not include the model uncertainty, this determination agrees with the Standard Model value to within ∼2σ. We also use the present-day Galactic abundance of deuterium (D/H), helium (He/H), and 3He/4He to infer an empirical limit on the primordial 3He abundance, , which also agrees with the Standard Model value. We point out that it is becoming increasingly difficult to explain the discrepant primordial 7Li/H abundance with nonstandard physics, without breaking the remarkable simultaneous agreement of three primordial element ratios (D/H, 4He/H, and 3He/4He) with the Standard Model values.

The connotations of conceptual metaphor in the field of nature in political speech

The conceptual metaphor theorized by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson focuses on the „concepts” of everyday life. The world around us, the beings and things in the universe, offer many possibilities for metaphorization. The proper use of conceptual metaphor in political discourse presupposes an organic interweaving of the speaker’s ingenuity and imagination. In this article we will analyze the metaphors from the field of Natural Source. We will comment on metaphors focused on some primordial elements of nature (water, fire), plant metaphors (botanical) and zoomorphic ones. After examining the metaphorical structures from the field of nature, I came to the conclusion that they are very productive and that they help to fulfill the main functions of the current political discourse: conciseness, expressiveness and persuasion.

Premature black hole death of Population III stars by dark matter

Population III stars were the first generation of stars, formed in minihalos of roughly primordial element abundances, and therefore metal-free. They are thought to have formed at the cores of dense dark matter clouds. Interactions between baryons and dark matter can therefore have had an important impact on their evolution. In this paper we consider the capture of non- or weakly-annihilating dark matter by these early massive stars. In a wide region of parameter space, interactions of dark matter with baryons lead to premature death of the star as a black hole. We sketch how this modification of the standard evolutionary history of Population III stars might impact the epoch of reionisation, by modifying the amount of UV emission, the transition to Population II star formation, and the X-ray and radio emission from accretion onto the black hole remnants. Signals of massive black holes originating from Population III stars could be observed through gravitational waves from their mergers. Finally, the observation of pair-instability supernovae could effectively preclude premature black hole death across a wide range of parameter space, ranging in mass from m DM ∼ 0.1 GeV to m DM ∼ m Pl.

Gamified sleep intervention for veterans: an overview

A good night’s sleep is well known to be imperative for maintaining one’s overall wellness. Yet, about half of Canadian adults struggle with falling asleep or maintaining sleep. The impacts of insufficient sleep are wide-ranging, from physiological correlates such as diabetes to mental correlates such as depression. Effective treatments for sleep-related issues exist: for example, online interventions for insomnia have been found to be effective. As a medicine and a health psychology student at, respectively, Sherbrooke University and McGill University, we worked on the MissionVAV health promotion program during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing free gamified interventions for Canadian Veterans and their families. Over the course of several online interventions related to physical health, we observed that a large proportion of our participants were dissatisfied with their sleep. Consequently, we have developed an 8-week online sleep intervention to address this primordial element of primary prevention. The intervention aims to better our participants’ sleep through providing weekly readings on the following topics: age-related changes in sleep, proper sleep hygiene, varied relaxation techniques as well as the relationship between sleep and chronic pain, menopause, shift work, rumination, exercise and light. To promote healthy sleep hygiene habits, daily self-assessment questions are provided and are incentivized through points and storytelling. Furthermore, health coaches trained in sleep medicine follow participants throughout their journey to provide support and reinforcement. Ultimately, the intervention aims to shed light on the importance of sleep within preventative medicine, tackling it systematically in an engaging, gamified fashion.

Cosmological forecasts on thermal axions, relic neutrinos and light elements

Abstract One of the targets of future Cosmic Microwave Background and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements is to improve the current accuracy in the neutrino sector and reach a much better sensitivity on extra dark radiation in the Early Universe. In this paper we study how these improvements can be translated into constraining power for well motivated extensions of the Standard Model of elementary particles that involve axions thermalized before the QCD phase transition by scatterings with gluons. Assuming a fiducial ΛCDM cosmological model, we simulate future data for CMB-S4-like and DESI-like surveys and analyze a mixed scenario of axion and neutrino hot dark matter. We further account also for the effects of these QCD axions on the light element abundances predicted by Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. The most constraining forecasted limits on the hot relic masses are ma ≲ 0.92 eV and ∑mν ≲ 0.12 eV at 95%CL, showing that future cosmic observations can substantially improve the current bounds, supporting multi-messenger analyses of axion, neutrino and primordial light element properties.

The paradigmatic connection between myth and national identity in Dritëro Agolli's literature

As part of popular culture, studies on identity are closely related to nationalist discourses, because they are built on the basis of a common origin, which is myth. No popular culture has overlooked myth throughout its history, and for this reason nationalistic discourses based on myth have been and remain the reference point of the present over the past. This paper aims to show exactly how the myth comes and is taken over in time, showing that a great author like Dritëro Agolli, comes and approaches the myth and its connection with the national identity in a much later period of time than when he was dominant in society. Thus, being ideological (for the period in question), Agolli's nationalist discourse during the period of Socialist Realism bypasses traditional myths by building new myths in accordance with the dominant communist ideology. The period of Socialist Realism has been chosen since it is not only less studied from this point of view, but also for the debates it creates from time to time in relation to certain literary and social contexts and even more so because the national identity in this period takes a other form and meaning. Seen as a case study, for this paper some of Agolli's representative works have been selected where the discourse about the nation and the homeland is expressed, but this is taken in a limited period of time, such as that of Socialist Realism, because it not only expresses more clearly the connection with the primordial element but also because it specifies the context and background of our work.

The Origin of Cosmic Structures Part 4—Nucleosynthesis

In our original paper, we outlined a new model of nucleosynthesis which began when a small percentage of the vacuum energy was converted primarily into neutron-antineutron pairs but with a very small excess of neutrons. In this paper, we present a detailed study of that original idea. We show that immediately after their inception, annihilation and charge exchange reactions proceeded at a very high rate and after an interval of no more than 10-12 s, the matter/antimatter asymmetry of the universe and the present-day abundance of baryons had been established. The annihilations produced the high density of leptons critical for the weak interactions and the photons that make up the CMB. The model predicts a photon temperature in agreement with the present-day CMB value and also explains the origin of the CMB anisotropy spectrum. We also show how the nucleosynthesis density variations needed to explain all cosmic structures can resolve the difficulties that arise when trying to explain observed primordial element abundances in terms of a single-density universal model of nucleosynthesis.

Economic Development and Human Capital are Always Current Concepts

The European Union established, since 2000, a major objective, the development of human capital, so that, by 2020, we may have the most dynamic society and an economy based on knowledge. In the current context of economic development, human resources are the primordial element of competition. The investment in human capital, education, training, and health involves the adjustment of human resources to the structural change of the economy based on efficiency. This article presents the influence of genuine “intangible assets” on the development of society.

Exploring the technological acceptance of a mobile learning tool used in the teaching of an indigenous language.

Language is the primordial element for cultural transfer in indigenous communities; if it is not practiced, there is a risk of losing it and with it, a large part of the history of a community. Ecuador is a multicultural and multiethnic country with 18 indigenous peoples. Currently, in this country, some native languages are at risk of disappearing due to factors such as racial discrimination, underestimation of the language, and, above all, the lack of interest and motivation of the new generations to learn this language. Information technologies have made it possible to create mobile applications such as games, dictionaries, and translators that promote the learning of the Kichwa language. However, the acceptance of technology has not been evaluated, nor the intention to involve mobile devices in the process of teaching this language. Subsequently the objective of this work is to explore the acceptance of technology and the use of mobile devices to motivate the learning of the Kichwa language. For this purpose, the mobile application “Otavalo Rimay” was used with several students of a Kichwa language learning center. The methodology used to verify the hypothesis of this work was Design Sciences Research (DSR) together with the theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). The instrument used for this evaluation was a survey carried out after the use of the mobile application. The statistical analysis of the results obtained indicates characteristics such as the utility and perceived ease of use, positively influence students to motivate the use of mobile devices in learning a language. The results also show the great technological acceptance by students for learning and confirm that currently, mobile learning is accepted for use in education.

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Initial Conditions: Revisiting Wagoner et al. (1967)

Abstract We revisit Wagoner et al., a classic contribution in the development of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We demonstrate that it presents an incorrect expression for the temperature of the early universe as a function of time in the high temperature limit, T ≳ 10 10 K. As this incorrect expression has been reproduced elsewhere, we present a corrected form for the initial conditions required for calculating the formation of the primordial elements in the Big Bang.

Effects of Changes to Architectural Elements on Human Relaxation-Arousal Responses: Based on VR and EEG.

This study combines electroencephalogram (EEG) with virtual reality (VR) technologies to measure the EEG responses of users experiencing changes to architectural elements. We analyze the ratio of alpha to beta waves (RAB) indicators to determine the pre- and poststimulation changes. In our methodology, thirty-three females experience using private rooms in a postpartum care center participated in the experiment. Their brain waves are measured while they are experiencing the VR space of a private room in a postpartum care center. Three architectural elements (i.e., aspect ratio of space, ceiling height, and window ratio) are varied in the VR space. In addition, a self-report questionnaire is administered to examine whether the responses are consistent with the results of the EEG response analysis. As a result, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) are observed in the changes in the RAB indicator values of the pre- and poststimulation EEG while the subjects are experiencing the VR space where the architectural elements are varied. That is, the effects of the changes to architectural elements on users’ relaxation-arousal responses are statistically verified. Notably, in all the RAB indicator values where significant differences are observed, the poststimulation RAB decreases in comparison to the prestimulus ratios, which is indicative of the arousal response. However, the arousal levels vary across the architectural elements, which implies it would be possible to find out the elements that could induce less arousal response using the proposed method. Moreover, following the experience in the VR space, certain lobes of the brain (F4 and P3 EEG channels) show statistically significant differences in the relaxation-arousal responses. Unlike previous studies, which measured users’ physiological responses to abstract and primordial spatial elements, this study extends the boundaries of the literature by applying the architectural elements applicable to design in practice.

QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS OPERATED FOR GYNECO-MAMMARY CANCER

Introduction : Quality of life (QOL) has become an important part of the medical decision along with the efficacy and safety of treatment. Cancer is a chronic disease that affects the quality of life of patients from which the idea of evaluating the QOL of patients treated in the service. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at the Mohamed VI center for the treatment of cancers of Ibn Rochd Hospital of Casablanca over a period of one year. Results : In our study, the QOL was evaluated by the Moroccan Arabic dialect version adapted and validated to our context of the survey (FACT), the servey is divided into 5 modules (localization of the cancer): breast, cervix, endometrium, ovary and vulva . Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that the localization of the cancer does not affect the QOL of the patients, besides the concept of the quality of life of the cancer patients is a primordial element, and useful for the choice of the patients therapeutic decisions, the evaluation of the different anticancer treatments and still for the rehabilitation of the patients with cancer.

(TRANS)FORMAÇÕES DO PROFESSOR NO CONTEXTO DA ESCOLA DE EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA TEORIA HISTÓRICO-CULTURAL

The complexity of the autism spectrum disorder has mobilized the teaching profession in the school context. So, it is necessary to reflect on teacher training to deal with the teaching of students with that diagnosis. This paper, which is the result of a master's research carried out in a special education school located in a country town in the state of São Paulo, aims to discuss how the teacher, who becomes a researcher of his own practice, articulates the relationships between the cultural-historical theoretical framework and the pedagogical practice. The participants were the teacher, graduated in Pedagogy with a Masters Degree in Education, and his student with autism spectrum disorder. During the school year, the teacher recorded his classes on video, which waslater transcribed. When basing his practice on the aforementioned theory, he started to consider activities that favored the student's immersion in the symbolic sphere, having as a primordial element, the role of sign language. The microgenetic analyzes show evidence that: 1. the change in teaching practice was a (in) tense process; 2. the comings and goings of the transformation process reveal the tensions between the appropriation of a theoretical framework and the way of carrying out the pedagogical practice; 3. the production of pedagogical knowledge comes from the movement between theory andpractice.

ACROPOLIS: A generiC fRamework fOr Photodisintegration Of LIght elementS

The remarkable agreement between observations of the primordial light element abundances and the corresponding theoretical predictions within the standard cosmological history provides a powerful method to constrain physics beyond the standard model of particle physics (BSM). For a given BSM model these primordial element abundances are generally determined by (i) Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and (ii) possible subsequent disintegration processes. The latter potentially change the abundances due to late-time high-energy injections which may be present in these scenarios. While there are a number of public codes for the first part, no such code is currently available for the second. Here we close this gap and present ACROPOLIS, A generiC fRamework fOr Photodisintegration Of LIght elementS. The widely discussed cases of decays as well as annihilations can be run without prior coding knowledge within example programs. Furthermore, due to its modular structure, can easily be extended also to other scenarios.For the most recent version of this manual, please visit the GitHub repository at https://github.com/skumblex/acropolis.

BIM – AN APPLICATION IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

BIM model represents a significant step forward within the frame of the overall process of construction. This new approach goes from the assumption that up to date praxis, which is represented by different sets of 2D or 3D drawings of drawings, technical reports and calculations does not cover all problems of the above mentioned overall process of construction. Basic principles of BIM will be discussed, not only from the view of 3D models of the structure design. The utilization of the BIM model during life time structure expectancy will be stressed - from the initial phase (investigation, design) via the phase of structure execution, maintenance and ending with structure demolition at the end of life time expectancy. Specificity of the geotechnical engineering is in this entire process fundamental, as each construction is in the interaction with ground. 3D model of the ground (geotechnical model) is therefore one of the basic individual parametric elements from which BIM model consist. Ground model is time dependant as geological profile and geotechnical properties are refinement during each phase of ground investigation as well during geotechnical structure construction. Final 3D Ground model together with 3D model of geotechnical structure represents a first significant step of the overall BIM model. In the case of underground or earth structures such output can be primordial element of the BIM model with parametric elements around it. Finally some other possibilities or practical applications are mentioned.

Primordial element production studied beneath a mountain

Experiments conducted deep beneath a mountain have provided the most precise measurements yet of a key nuclear reaction that occurred seconds after the Big Bang — refining our knowledge of the constituents of the Universe. Measurement of a key process in Big Bang nucleosynthesis.

Gravity in the era of equality: Towards solutions to the Hubble problem without fine-tuned initial conditions

Discrepant measurements of the Universe's expansion rate (${H}_{0}$) may signal physics beyond the standard cosmological model. Here I describe two early modified gravity mechanisms that reconcile ${H}_{0}$ value by increasing the expansion rate in the era of matter-radiation equality. These mechanisms, based on viable Horndeski theories, require significantly less fine-tuned initial conditions than early dark energy with oscillating scalar fields. In imperfect dark energy at equality (IDEE), the initial energy density dilutes slower than radiation but faster than matter, naturally peaking around the era of equality. The minimal IDEE model, a cubic Galileon, is too constrained by the cosmic microwave background (Planck) and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) to relieve the ${H}_{0}$ tension. In enhanced early gravity (EEG), the scalar field value modulates the cosmological strength of gravity. The minimal EEG model, an exponentially coupled cubic Galileon, gives a $\mathrm{Planck}+\mathrm{BAO}$ value ${H}_{0}=68.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$ (68% CL), reducing the tension with SH0ES from $4.4\ensuremath{\sigma}$ to $2.6\ensuremath{\sigma}$. Additionally, Galileon contributions to cosmic acceleration may reconcile ${H}_{0}$ via late-universe phantom expansion (LUPE). Combining LUPE, EEG and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ reduces the tension between Planck, BAO, and SH0ES to $2.5\ensuremath{\sigma}$. I will also describe additional tests of coupled Galileons based on local gravity tests, primordial element abundances and gravitational waves. While further model building is required to fully resolve the ${H}_{0}$ problem and satisfy all available observations, these examples show the wealth of possibilities to solve cosmological tensions beyond Einstein's general relativity.

Aflamencado practice in the contemporary piano perfoming

Aflamencado practice in the contemporary piano perfoming