Primigravida Mothers Research Articles

Effect of Antenatal Counselling by Healthcare Professionals in Initiating Precise Early Breastfeeding Practices in Primigravida Mothers: A Quasi-experimental Study

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding practices for six months and its continuity, including supplementary foods, is recommended to the child for a particular duration. In addition, antenatal counselling on early breastfeeding practices ensures optimum nutrition for the neonates, thereby reducing mortality. Aim: To evaluate the positive effects of antenatal counselling on breastfeeding outcomes in primigravida women. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted over 18 months on the mothers who attended the Obstetrics Department at Niloufer Hospital in Hyderabad, India. Participants were allocated either to a study group (n=100) (volunteered for antenatal counselling) or a control group (n=100) (did not volunteer for antenatal counselling). The study group received 1-3 breastfeeding counselling sessions during different months of gestation, whereas the control group merely received routine antenatal counselling. A breastfeeding performance checklist was finished, and the outcome of the counselling sessions was observed among the subjects. The procured data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0 for the t-test, odds ratio and Chi- square values, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: This study monitored the breastfeeding practice of mothers in the first 48 hours and defined corrective timely breastfeeding practice for the following infantile period based on their reflexively formed habits under the impact of counselling improving awareness. Statistically, significant difference was observed in the counselled group concerning duration of breastfeeding, importance, and the benefits of breastfeeding to the mothers and families when compared to the control group (p<0.0001**). In addition, the questionnaire and the breastfeeding assessment scores were statistically significant in the counselled group compared to the control group (p<0.001** and p=0.002*, respectively). Conclusion: The statistically significant results of the study showed that antenatal counselling during pregnancy increases the frequency and duration of exclusive breastfeeding in mothers. Various aspects of counselling sessions on breastfeeding practices cleared the myths and misconceptions that mothers previously had in this study.

PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME THROUGH BOOKLET FOR PRIMI GRAVIDAE WOMEN REGARDING LACATATION PROBLEMS

Introduction: Lactation issues are a painful ailment that affects postpartum women and leads to failed breastfeeding. As a result, there is a strong need to improve women's awareness and self-care behaviors related to breast problems especially among primi gravidae. Aim: to evaluate the effect planned teaching programed through booklet for primi gravidae women regarding Lactation problems. A quasi-experimental design was utilized. Setting: The study was done at antenatal clinic of Suez Canal university Hospital. A Purposive sample that consisted of 200 primi gravidae women was divided into two groups (control group comprising 100 pregnant women and study group comprising 100 pregnant women) using structured interview schedule, observational checklist regarding lactation and lactation problem were used for data collection. The procedure passed through four phases; interviewing and assessment, designing, implementation, and evaluation phase. Results: Pre intervention study design showed that the majority of the sample in both the study and control groups had poor lactation and it is related with knowledge and practices compared to post intervention. About 74% of the study group had good knowledge, whereas the control group had no significant difference from pre intervention (P ≤ 0.001). It was seen that 72.0% of the study group-initiated breast feeding directly after delivery compared to only 25.0% of the control group. 63% of control versus 39% in study faced breast problems. Conclusion In pre-intervention, most of the members of both study and control group primi moms had poor knowledge and practice about breastfeeding and breastfeeding issues, according to the study's findings. As a result, the program and the booklet distributed were effective in increasing knowledge and practice of lactation problems in primi gravidae. The findings confirm the research hypothesis that women who enroll in the program and receive the booklet are able to avoid and overcome lactation disorders than those who did not. Recommendation: Classes for Mother are necessary to educate primi gravidae mothers regarding the bases of breastfeeding and breast-feeding problems during pregnancy that will help to reduce the risk of various complications and breastfeeding disorders.

Thrombocytopenia in an Apparently Healthy Neonate: An Unusual Report of Postnatally Acquired Dengue Infection

Dengue is one of the commonest viral infections affecting general population in endemic zones every year. However, dengue is usually not reported in newborn period as it is widely believed that infants are protected from serious viral infections in the first 6 months of life by presence of maternal antibodies. Here, a unique case of an apparently healthy newborn with dengue fever is reported where transmission of the infection occurred postnatally. A 10-day-old male child, born to a primigravida mother with normal antenatal history, presented with complaints of fever for four days along with full body macular rash. Examination findings revealed red coloured, pin-point macular rash while rest of general and systemic examination were unremarkable. Routine Sepsis work-up was negative except presence of thrombocytopenia. Keeping in mind the endemicity and season of dengue, NS1 antigen of the baby was tested by a rapid antigen test which was positive, which was further confirmed by IgM ELISA for dengue. However, the mother was asymptomatic and platelet count as well as NS1 antigen and IgM, IgG ELISA for dengue of the mother was negative.

Difference In Knowledge Between Primigravida And Multigravida Mothers About The Danger Signs Of Pregnancy At Seririt 1 Health Center

Background: Maternal Mortality Rate (AKI) is one of the efforts to assess the degree of public health. One of the problems associated with maternal mortality is pregnancy problems that should be avoided. Pregnancy problems can be detected early from the presence of danger signs in pregnancy. One of the factors that influences mothers knowing the danger signs of pregnancy is the mother's knowledge. From the preliminary study conducted there is still a difference in knowledge between primigravida and multigravida mothers about the danger signs of pregnancy in Seririt I Health Center. The purpose is to find out the difference in knowledge between primigravida and multigravida mothers about the danger signs of pregnancy in Seririt I Health Center..Methods: Research methods is Comparative Study with a cross sectional approach. The population is primigravida and multigravida pregnant women in Seririt I Health Center in 2021, with purposive sampling and obtained a sample of 52 respondents. The research instrument used is a questionnaire. The results of the study were then analyzed with an independent T-test.Results: The results of the analysis showed no difference in knowledge between primigravid mothers and multigravidas about pregnancy danger signs in Seririt 1 Health Center with a p-value of 0.000 and p-value of 0.0160 so that p-value>α 0.05.Conclusion: Conclusion there is no difference in knowledge between primigravida and multigravid mothers about the danger signs of pregnancy.

Combination pelvic rocking exercises with belly dance to reduce labor pain

Background: Labor pain will get more substantial along with the increase in cervical dilatation and can affect the mother's psychological condition and the welfare of the fetus. Pelvic rocking exercises help reduce pain during labor, but the combined pelvic rocking exercises with belly dance for birth have not been studied. In this study, combining pelvic rocking exercises with belly dance for birth as physical preparation and exercise, especially in the pelvic area, can reduce pain effectively and efficiently so that mothers can give birth vaginally.Purpose: Analyze the effect of intervention combination of pelvic rocking exercises with belly dance for birth to pain intensity of first stage the active phase in mother birth.Methods: This is Quasy experimental research with pretest and posttest with control group design. Respondents were primigravida mothers during the first stage of the active phase. Determination of respondents by accidental sampling obtained the treatment group (n=17) and control group (n=17). The intervention was given for 20 minutes every 1 hour during the first stage of the active phase.Result: The combined intervention of pelvic rocking exercises with belly dance for birth was effective in reducing pain intensity as seen from the average decrease in pain intensity every hour, at the 1st hour of 4.0, the 2nd hour of 3.0, the 3rd hour of 2.7, and the 4th hour of 2.6 (p<0.001)Conclusion: The combination of pelvic rocking exercises with belly dance for birth is effective to pain intensity of the first stage, the active phase in women giving birth.

Is There Effect of Murottal Therapy? Pregnancy Response with Spiritual Islamic Nursing Care Application

The Spiritual Islamic Nursing Care (SINC) application is an innovation in spiritual services that has a murottal feature that can be used to reduce anxiety responses in patients. This application is used to help mothers with gestational age entering the period of seven months or third trimester who experience anxiety and irregular fetal heartbeat in primigravida mothers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of murottal therapy with the application of Spiritual Islamic Nursing Care (SINC) on the response of the third trimester of pregnancy. The research design used a quasi-experiment with a one-group pre and post-test design approach. The sample in this study amounted to 10 respondents using the accidental sampling technique. Data were collected using Doppler to measure the fetal heart rate (FHR), visual fetal movement, and the DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) questionnaire to measure the level of anxiety in pregnant women. Analysis of the data used was the Friedman test for fetal movement and fetal heart rate and the Wilcoxon test for the anxiety level of pregnant women. After the research, the results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant difference in the fetal heart rate and the anxiety level of the third trimester pregnant women before and after being given murottal therapy with the application of Spiritual Islamic Nursing Care (SINC). Therapy using murottal with the Spiritual Islamic Nursing Care (SINC) application provides recommendations that can be used in various health services for pregnant women.

Application of SEFTnobirthing-Ball To The Progress of Childbirth Process In Maternity Mother Primigravida In BPM Ika Siswiyanti Demak City

Background: The maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is 38 thousand every day. One of the causes of the high mortality rate in Indonesia is prolonged labor. Prolonged labor is a labor process that lasts more than 24 hours in primiparas. There were 29 cases of old labor at the Independent Midwife Practice Ika Siswiyanti in Demak City in 2020, there were 29 cases, and all of these cases were referred. Self-birthing-ball is a combination of Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique intervention with birthing ball that can reduce pain intensity and speed up the duration of labor. This study aims to determine the effect of self-birthing-ball on the progress of the first stage of labor in primigravida mothers. Methods: The design of this study was a Quasy experimental with a post-test only design. The research sample was 16 respondents obtained through purposive sampling, namely prospective respondents must meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria that have been determined. Statistical tests using Wilcoxon test. Results: The average percentage of labor progress is 3.2. statistical results obtained a p-value 0.031 (0.05), which shows that there has been an effect SEFTnobirthing-ball on the progress of the first stage of labor in primigravida mothers. Conclusion: SEFTnobirthing-ball proven to increase the progress of the first stage labor. Keywords: Birthing-ball; labor progress; first stage labor; SEFT

Risk Factors of Birth Asphyxia : Literature Review

Background: Birth asphyxia is a condition of failure to start breathing in neonates or unable to maintain spontaneous breathing at birth. Neonatal asphyxia is a contributor to 30-35% of neonatal deaths. The incidence of birth asphyxia in infants in developing countries is 10 times greater than in developed countries, especially if maternal and neonatal health services are inadequate. The incidence of asphyxia is inseparable from the accompanying risk factors. Therefore, this study aims to determine the risk factors for the incidence of asphyxia in newborns based on fetal and maternal factors. Method: This research is a literature review where researchers will review articles that are relevant to predetermined criteria. Articles were screened based on titles, abstracts, keywords, inclusion criteria, and the contents of the entire text, and the seven most relevant articles were obtained for review. Result: The results of a literature search showed that the most risk factors for the incidence of birth asphyxia were: Fetal factors consisting of low birth weight, prematurity, meconium amniotic fluid, malpresentation, and umbilical cord entanglement. Then on maternal factors, the most risk factors were prolonged labor, preeclampsia, primigravida mothers, and post-term pregnancies. Conclussion : Based on the results of a search of seven literature, researchers have taken the most mentioned factors and grouped these factors into 2 factors, namely fetal factors and maternal factors.

Effect of Video Assisted Teaching Guidelines on Knowledge and Anxiety Level among Primigravida Mothers undergoing Caesarian Section

One of the most common procedures among pregnant women is a cesarean section. The worry that pregnant women experience throughout the preparatory stages of operation day, as well as their lack of control over being in a new setting and feeling in danger, causes anxiety and, as a result, instability. The aim was to determine the effect of video-assisted teaching guidelines on knowledge regarding anxiety levels among primigravida mothers undergoing caesarian sections. Subjects and method: Design: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized to achieve the aim of this study. Setting: the research was conducted at the Antenatal Outpatient Clinic at South Valley University Hospital. Subjects: A purposive included 139 primigravida mothers who were included in the study within six months. Three tools were used: Tool (I) A structured interview questionnaire, Tool (II) Primigravida mothers' knowledge regarding caesarian section (pre/post), and Tool (III) Anxiety Rating Scale (pre/post). Results: The majority of primigravida mothers reported that the main source of information regarding their knowledge was nurses. There was a positive significant correlation (P=0.005) between primigravida mothers ' knowledge scores pre and post-video-assisted teaching guidelines. There were highly significant improvements in primigravida mothers' knowledge regarding the caesarian section post-video-assisted teaching guidelines (P=0.005). Statistical highly significant differences and reductions were detected between anxiety levels of primigravida mothers pre and post-video-assisted teaching guidelines. Conclusion: The present study concluded that video-assisted structured teaching guidelines had a highly significant positive effect on improving knowledge and reducing anxiety levels among primigravida mothers undergoing caesarian section. Recommendations: Educational guidelines about the caesarian section should be taught and discussed in the antenatal care follow-up visits for primigravida mothers.

A PRE EXPERMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS IN PEDIATRIC WARD OF SHRI MAHANT INDRESH HOSPITAL

A PRE EXPERMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS IN PEDIATRIC WARD OF SHRI MAHANT INDRESH HOSPITAL

To Assess the Effectiveness of Breathing Exercise on Labour Pain and Behavioral Response of Primi Gravida Mothers during First Stage of Labour, at Selected Maternity Hospitals

Background of the Study: Labour is tough and headaches occur, however mother's our bodies are designed to supply birth. The shape of the pelvis, hormones, effective muscle mass and further all paintings collectively that may help mother to convey her child into the globe - before, within the course of and after childbirth.
 Objectives: 1. To assess pain intensity level among the Primi gravida mothers during first stage of labour in experimental and control group.2. To assess the behavioral response of primi gravid mothers during 1st stage of labour in control and Experimental group. 3. To determine the effectiveness of breathing exercise on labour pain among primi gravida mothers during first stage of labour.4. To determine the effectiveness of breathing exercise on behavioral response among primi gravida mothers during first stage of labour. 5. To determine the association between selected demographic variables and pain of primi gravida mothers during first stage of labour.6. To determine the association between selected demographic variables and behavioral response of prim gravid mothers during first stage of labour.
 Material and Methods: The design of this research study was based on a True Experimental research design with a pre-test and post-test control group. A total of 400 mothers were included in the study (200 in experimental group and 200 in control group). The samples were chosen using the probability simple random sampling technique. The data will be gathered using Baseline Proforma and an observational check list.
 Expected Results: At selected Maternity hospitals, this study will assess the effects of respiratory exercise on Childbirth pain and behavioral responses of primi gravida moms during the early stage of childbirth. After intervention, the degree of discomfort in primi gravida women should be reduced, and their behavioral reaction should improve.
 Conclusion: Final conclusion is drawn from the ultimate results of the statistical review.

Clinical profile of pathological Jaundice among neonates admitted in the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan

Background: Neonatal jaundice is a common condition especially in the first week of life. There are various maternal and neonatal clinical characteristics that have been associated with pathological jaundice. Objectives: To describe clinical profile of pathological jaundice and to estimate its prevalence among newborns admitted at the National Referral Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to study pathological jaundice cases admitted at the Gyaltsuen Jetsun Pema Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH) from 7th November 2018 till 6th November 2019. Data was collected using a predesigned case proforma, entered and analyzed in Epidata after obtaining ethical clearance from the Research Ethics Board of Health (REBH), Bhutan. Results: Facility based prevalence rate of pathological neonatal jaundice was found to be 63.66% in our setting. The median age on presentation was 4 days. Blood group ABO incompatibility and neonates less than one week of age were found to be most common neonatal profile in this study. Significant association was found between primiparous mothers and excessive weight loss. Conclusion: The prevalence of pathological jaundice was high in our setting. ABO incompatibility, neonates less than one week of age, primigravida mothers with feeding issues should be closely followed or screened for pathological jaundice especially during the first one week of life.
 Keywords: Pathological jaundice, Prevalence, ABO incompatibility, feeding issues, excessive weight loss

Effectivity of Large Intestine 4 Point Accupressure on Labour Pain Stage-I Active Phase

Background: Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 36 of 2009 concerning traditional health services (Yankestrad), namely articles 1, 48, 59, 60 and 61. Acupressure is included in Yankestrad skills that are easy, cheap, simple, effective, and without any side effects. harmful. Acupressure at the Large Intestine 4 Point (LI4) based on the literature is able to reduce labor pain in the first stage of the active phase.
 Methods: This type of research is quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test research design. The samples were divided into two groups, the treatment group and the control group.
 Results: Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded as follows: Active phase I labour pain before being given Acupressure Therapy for primigravida mothers in PMB Aceh Besar District averaged 7.35. Active phase I labour pain after being given Acupressure Therapy to primigravida mothers in PMB Aceh Besar District decreased by an average of 5.47.
 Conclusions: There are differences in labour pain in the stage-I of active phase in the Acupressure therapy group with the Routine care group for the stage-I of labour for primigravida mothers in PMB Aceh Besar District.

Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Kangaroo Mother Care among Husbands of Primigravida Mother

Kangaroo care is a practise that allows moms and fathers to have direct skin-to-skin contact with their infants. It has been demonstrated to promote the mother's mental health, strengthen mother-infant connection, and increase maternal lactation. Many studies feel that returning to the original paradigm of infant-mother early care, rather than our current incubator, bottle, and formula-feeding model, will result in happier and healthier newborns [1].
 Objective: 1) To determine whether primigravida women' spouses have any awareness of kangaroo mother care. 2) To assess the efficiency of a planned education programme on kangaroo mother care among primigravida moms' husbands.3) To see if there's a link between post-test knowledge scores on kangaroo mother care among primigravida moms' spouses and certain demographic variables.
 Methodology: A total of 60 people took part in the research. Husbands of primigravida women from various hospitals will be used as study subjects.
 Results: There is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores when measuring effective planned training on knowledge about kangaroo mother care among husbands. The pretest has a mean of 8.18, while the posttest has a mean of 16.30, and the pretest has a standard deviation of 2.855, while the posttest has a standard deviation of 1.710. The t-value is 18.57, and the p-value is 0.000.
 Conclusion: As a result, the planned education on knowledge about kangaroo mother care among primigravida moms' husband is statistically interpreted. The research hypothesis was accepted in this study, while the null hypothesis was denied.

Pengaruh Video Persalinan Normal terhadap Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Menghadapi Persalinan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pangaribuan Kecamatan Pangaribuan Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara

Primigravida mothers in facing delivery would experience anxiety. Anxiety in pregnant women increases in the third trimester which can lead to complications for both the mother and the fetus. 80% of primigravida mothers experience anxiety just before delivery. Efforts that can be made to reduce anxiety can be by watching videos of normal childbirth. The aim of the study was to determine whether there was an effect of video of normal delivery on anxiety of pregnant women in facing childbirth in the Pangaribuan Health Centre, Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli Regency in 2020.This study used a Quasi-Experimental Research type with the design used was One Group Pretest-Postest Design. The sample of this study were 10 pregnant women who were measured before and after the intervention watching normal childbirth videos. Based on the results the data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon Rank Test, obtained a p value (Sig.2-tailed) of .006 <α: 0 .05, it can be concluded that there is an effect of Normal Delivery Videos on Anxiety of Pregnant Women Facing Childbirth in the Pangaribuan Health Centre, Pangaribuan District, District North Tapanuli 2020. These results conclude that there is a significant effect between normal delivery videos on the anxiety of pregnant women facing childbirth in the Pangaribuan Public Health Centre, Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli . Suggestions for health care workers to provide more information to primigravida mothers about labor preparation to reduce feelings anxiety of pregnant women facing childbirth.

To Assess the Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Obstetric Danger Signs, Birth Preparedness and Complications Readiness among the Primigravida Mothers

Background: Every pregnant woman faces the possibility of unforeseeable pregnancy problems, which can result in morbidity or fatality for herself or her infant. As a result, the concept of birth preparedness and complication readiness was developed, in which the family and community should plan ahead of time to protect the safety and well-being of the women and their new-borns throughout pregnancy, delivery, and after delivery. In the event of pregnancy and delivery problems, delivery intrapartum, and after postpartum, good plans and preparations will enhance usage of professional care and reduce delays in receiving care. Good plans and preparations will increase the usage of expert care and reduce the time it takes to seek care in the case of pregnancy and delivery complications [1].
 Objectives: 1. To assess the existing knowledge on obstetric danger signs, birth preparedness and complications readiness among primigravida mothers. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of self- instructional module on knowledge regarding obstetric dangers signs, birth preparedness and complications readiness among the primigravida mothers. 3. To find out the association between the knowledge regarding obstetric danger signs, birth preparedness and complications readiness with selected demographic variables.
 Materials and Methods: It is a quantitative research approach, in which one group pre-test post-test design will be used. Purposive sampling technique will be used to collect the data. Self-instructional module and structured questionnaire will be used to assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding obstetric danger signs, birth preparedness and complication readiness among the primigravida mothers.

To Assess the Effectiveness of Patterned Breathing Technique in Reduction of Pain during First Stage of Labour among Primigravida Mothers

Background: The pain of labour is intense, but his memory decreases over time, despite this. Labour is an emotional phenomenon that encompasses both psychological and physiological processes. The active method of delivering a foetus is labour, which is characterized by frequent, painful uterine contractions that increase in frequency and intensity [5]. There are many ways, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, to relieve work pain and help to relax. During labour and childbirth, comfort measures that offer natural pain relief can be very effective.
 Methods and Materials: Quantitative Research Approach and Non-randomized control group design will be used, 56 subjects (28 in experimental group and 28 in control group) will be randomly allotted. The experimental group received breathing exercise during contraction at a rate of 45 mins interval 3 times during the active phase of labour whereas routine care will be provided to the subjects in the control group. Pain level will be assessed after each contraction with Wong weber’s facial pain scale.
 Expected Outcome: This study is planned to assess the effectiveness of patterned breathing technique during first stafe of labour among primigravida mothers to reduce their pain and their pain perception. Hence, it is expected to reduce their pain perception among primigravida mothers and it will make it easy to bear the labour pain.

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Maternal Bearing Down Efforts During 2nd Stage of Labour Among Primigravidae Mothers in Selected Hospitals at Mysore

Background: Maternal health is taking care of health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. As per the report of statistical analysis on health indicators in 2009 in India current neonatal mortality rate (NMR) per 1000 live births is 34 deaths per 1000 live births and maternal mortality rate (MMR) is 254 per 100,000 live births. MMR in Karnataka is 213 for every one-lakh live births, IMR records 45 for every 1,000 live births in karnataka. Hence care of mother during pregnancy, labour and postnatal period plays a vital role. Objectives: 1. To assess the pre test knowledge level regarding maternal bearing down efforts. 2. To administer structured teaching program regarding maternal bearing down efforts 3. To assess the post test knowledge level regarding maternal bearing down efforts 4. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding maternal bearing down efforts 5. To find out the association between pre test knowledge score and selected demographic variables like age, educational status, occupation, gestational age, number of antenatal visits and previous source of information. Methods: The data were formulated by using demographic proforma and structured knowledge questionnaire. Non probability Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 60 primigravidae mothers. One group pre test- post test design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme. Reliability of the tool was tested and validity was ensured in consultation with guides and experts in the field of statistics, medicine and nursing. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: With regard to the knowledge assessment, the mean pre test score was 10.78 and mean post test score was 20.87. The mean difference between pre-test score and post test score was 10.09. This indicated that the STP was effective. Interpretation and conclusion: Further, effectiveness of STP was tested using the paired ‘t’ test.

Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on The Levels of Knowledge Regarding Breast Feeding Problems among Primigravid Mothers at Urban Health Center, KASPA, Vellore

Pregnancy is a journey of creating a new life. Motherhood makes this journey memorable and happy. During pregnancy, the mother and baby are considered a single unit because the baby gets the essential nutrition from the mother through the placenta. At birth, this bond is replaced by breastfeeding. A mother who is breastfeeding for the first time is in a vulnerable position and requires support, encouragement and knowledgeable assistance. There are many possible breast abnormalities that breastfeeding mothers may encounter. Identifying these issues are very important to continue a healthful breastfeeding relationship with the child. The research approach selected for the study is quantitative research approach quasi experimental design with one group pre and post test design. Through the Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 primigravid mothers from Urban Health Centre. Demographic variables were collected by using a structured questionnaire. Planned teaching programme was given to the primigravid mothers by using charts, models, and pamphlets. Post test was conducted after giving planned teaching programme. The collected data were analysed based on the objectives using Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis and interpretation of data. The study results revealed that the pretest knowledge mean score was 18 ± 2. After the planned teaching programme, the posttest knowledge mean score was 24 ± 2. The calculated paired‘t’ test value19 was greater than the table value 1.96 which is highly significant at p < 0.05 level. Hence the research hypothesis H1was accepted. The study was a significant increase in the levels of knowledge, after planned teaching programme among primigravid mothers regarding breast feeding problems. This shows that the planned teaching programme was effective. Keywords: Breastfeeding problems, Primigravid mothers.

Mitos, Stress Serta Dukungan Keluarga Pada Perempuan Primigravida Jawa

Background:Pregnancy is one of the most awaited phases of life for most women and couples, but for some, pregnancy can cause anxiety over the changes that occur physically and psychologically. Myths surrounding pregnancy and childbirth are one of the greatest environmental influences on the health of pregnant women from a cultural point of view. Myths related to pregnancy generally regulate prohibitions, recommendations or obligations or obligations that must be carried out by a woman during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to find out about the myths related to pregnancy from the perspective of Javanese culture, how these myths affect the stress level of pregnant women and how to support family during pregnancy. Method This study involved 5 participants using interviews. The results of the study found that there are myths that are still carried out from generation to generation in the family, especially those related to pregnancy. The existing myths are basically understood and implemented by avoiding taboos. Avoiding taboos such as, pregnant women are prohibited from going out at night, pregnant women are prohibited from bathing at night, pregnant women are prohibited from killing animals, are required to bring sharp objects such as scissors or safety pins, have the belief to bring goodness/safety to pregnant women and the baby in the womb Families of pregnant women also play a role in providing support to pregnant women so that taboos can be carried out properly because this has become a belief from their ancestors. Conclusion: Primigravida mothers do not object to the myths that develop in the family because they have become ancestral traditions and beliefs. The family is also considered to provide full support during pregnancy by adhering to taboos.Keywords: Myth, Stress, Family Support, Pregnant Women