Primigravida Mothers Research Articles

Relationship of Marriage Age with Pregnancy Acceptance Readiness in Pregnant Mothers in the Work Area of Sumberjambe Public Health Center, Jember Regency

Introduction: Marriage can be interpreted as a married couple of men and women so commonly referred to as husband and wife. A person is said to be legally married in terms of the age of the two spouses. Law number 16 of 2019 concerning the minimum age limit for marriage for both men and women is the same as the minimum age limit for men, namely 19 years. Couples who are married <19 years are said to be early marriage Method: This study uses quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were primigravida mothers with a total sample of 92 respondents. Using a simple random sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed by chi-square test. Results: in this study, the results of the analysis of the chi-square test with the results of p-value .000 (<0.005) said that there was a relationship between the age of marriage and the readiness of pregnant women. Conclusion: The age of marriage is closely related to the mother's readiness for pregnancy physically, psychologically, financially, and culturally. Married young teenage girls are still a phenomenon now, there needs to be a role from health workers in providing education in the form of information.

Effect of Face-to-Face and WhatsApp Communication of a Theory-Based Health Education Intervention on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (SeBF Intervention): Cluster Randomized Controlled Field Trial.

BackgroundThe exclusive breastfeeding rate in Malaysia is still not satisfactory. Previous studies have shown that breastfeeding self-efficacy is one of the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding, and it can be improved using social cognitive theory. WhatsApp, which is widely used among Malaysians, could be leveraged as a platform to deliver health education interventions.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate the effect of using a face-to-face and WhatsApp-based health education intervention based on social cognitive theory, namely the Self-Efficacy in Breastfeeding (SeBF) module, on mothers' self-efficacy, knowledge, and attitudes in a district in Selangor state.MethodsThis study was a 2-arm, parallel, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled field trial with an intervention and a control group involving primigravida or multigravida mothers who reside in a district in Selangor state and did not exclusively breastfeed during their previous pregnancy. All 12 maternity and pediatric clinics in this district were randomly divided into 6 intervention and 6 control groups. A total of 172 pregnant mothers were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=86) or the control group (n=86). The control group received usual routine care. The primary outcome was breastfeeding self-efficacy, while secondary outcomes were knowledge and attitude toward breastfeeding. Each subject was assessed at 4 time points: at baseline, immediately after the intervention, 4 weeks post partum, and 8 weeks post partum. Generalized mixed model analysis was applied to measure the effect of health education on breastfeeding self-efficacy, knowledge, and attitude after the intervention.ResultsThe response rate was 81% (139/172), with the dropout rate being 7% (6/86) in the intervention group and 31% (27/86) in the control group. In the intent-to-treat analysis, the intervention group showed a significant increase in the mean total breastfeeding self-efficacy score 8 weeks after delivery compared with the control group (F21,601=111.73, P<.001). In addition, the mean total score for breastfeeding knowledge increased significantly in the intervention group after the intervention compared to the control group (F21,601=8.33, P<.001). However, no significant difference was found in the mean total score for breastfeeding attitude after the intervention (F21,602=5.50, P=.47).ConclusionsFace-to-face and WhatsApp-based participation in the SeBF program, designed on the basis of social cognitive theory, contributed to improved self-efficacy and knowledge about breastfeeding. Further studies need to be conducted with a longer duration (until 6 months post partum) to evaluate its effectiveness in increasing exclusive breastfeeding. Furthermore, new strategies in health education need to be developed to improve breastfeeding attitudes.Trial RegistrationThaiclinicaltrials.org TCTR20200213004; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20200213004

The Effect of Antepartum Yoga Sequences on Anxiety Levels, Vital Sign Values, and Fetal Heart Rate in Third-Trimester Primigravida

Anxiety in the third-trimester pregnancy can affect the physical and psychological aspects of the mother and fetus. Until now, there has been no study comparing yoga sequences that are effective in reducing anxiety levels in third-trimester primigravida. The yoga sequence will cause the heart rate to return to normal after finishing exercising, and the body will feel more comfortable. This study aims to determine the effect of antepartum yoga sequences on anxiety levels, vital sign values, and fetal heart rate in third-trimester primigravida. This study was quasi experiments with a pretest posttest control group design conducted in January-April 2022. The sampling technique used cluster sampling to determine the intervention group and control group. The intervention group was given antepartum yoga sequences for six sessions with a duration of 60 minutes, consisting of 18 respondents in A group model and 18 respondents in B group model. The control group consisting of 18 respondents, received pregnancy exercise for six sessions with a duration of 60 minutes. Data analysis using T-test. The results showed differences in the control group for anxiety (p-value = 0.042), pulse (p-value = 0.021) and respiratory frequency (0.032). In the intervention group model A, there were differences in anxiety, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate with p-values ​​of 0.032, 0.005, 0.005, and 0.005, respectively. While in the intervention group model B, there were significant differences in anxiety, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and fetal heart rate, namely p-values ​​of 0.005, 0.002, 0004, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005. The results of this study can be used by midwifery service providers as one of the complementary treatments for reducing anxiety experienced by third-trimester primigravida mothers, namely by giving antepartum yoga, which is done for 60 minutes.

Baby delivery development by one phase in active primigravidal mothers through Al Qur'an murrotal method

Introduction: The opening-stages of the cervix during baby-delivery-process is a physiological condition. In any case, if the interaction is excessively long, whenever left unchecked, it can influence the mother's condition as weariness, dread, stress, and stress that can expand agony and influence the conveyance cycle. The reason for this investigation was to break down the impact of murottal or reading Al-Qur'an treatment on the advancement of the main phase of work in the dynamic period of primigravida mothers. Methods: The research is utilized pre-experimental with a pre-posttest design. The participants in this study was 102 primigravida mothers who emanated to the VK Maternity who met the inclusion conditions with the sampling technique utilizing the accidental sampling method. Data collection comprises coding, editing, and tabulating, then the data is scrutinized by computer using the paired t-test with P-Value = 0.05. Results: The results exposed that the average cervical dilatation before murottal therapy was 5.46, the average after murottal therapy was 8.95. Paired t-test showed that there was an effect after murottal therapy. There is an increment in the amassing of cervical dilatation after murottal Al-Qur'an treatment. The examination presumes that there is an impact of murottal Al-Qur'an treatment on the advancement of the main phase of work in the dynamic period of primigravida mothers. Conclusion: The use of murottal Al-Qur'an treatment to primigravida mothers is extremely huge in aiding smooth the advancement of baby-delivery as far as the cervical opening. With the goal that the baby-delivery-process is simpler for the mother to live.

The Effect Of The Use Of Birth Ball On Intensity Of Labor Pain I Active Phase In Primigravidal Mothers In Pmb Bekasi City In 2022

Childbirth is a natural process.Discomfort, fear and pain is a problem for mothers in labor. Pain in the first stage of the active phase of labor is severe pain with a longer time, therefore it is necessary to pay attention to handling to overcome pain in the first stage of labor. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of birth balls on the intensity of labor pain in the active phase of the first stage of primigravida mothers in PMB Bekasi City 2022. This study uses a quasi-experimental approach. The sample in this study was 30 respondents, namely 15 mothers in the control group and 15 mothers in the intervention group. The instrument used is an observation sheet on the implementation of the use of a birth ball. The analysis used is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using Independent T test and Paired T - Test. HThe results of the univariate analysis showed that in the intervention group the average level of pain before the birth ball was done the average pain level was 7.46 and after it was done it was 4.46. The mean level of pain in the control group on examination 1 was 7.06 and on examination 2 was 6.80. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was an effect of using a birth ball on the pain of labor in the first stage of the active phase in primigravida mothers with a p value of 0.000. There is no effect of not using a birth ball on the pain of labor in the first stage of the active phase of primigravid mothers with a p value of 3.64. There was a difference in the decrease in pain level in the first stage of the active phase in primigravida mothers in the intervention group and the control group with a p value of 0.000. The results of this study can be concluded that the use of birth balls is effectively used to reduce labor pain in the first stage of the active phase of primigravida mothers

Assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and attitude of birth preparedness among primigravida mothers

Background: Birth preparedness is a safe motherhood initiative with the objective of planning for normal birth and anticipating actions needed in the case of emergency. The pregnant mother and their families are encouraged to effectively plan for births and deal with anticipated complication, if they occur it ensures that the readiness and timely utilization of skilled maternal and unit health care services. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and attitude of birth preparedness among Primigravida mothers. Design: Quasi Experimental one group pretest and posttest design was used.Setting: The study was conducted in Government Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvallur, Tamilnadu in Maternal and Child Health Center. Sample: Primigravida mothers in their third trimester who visited the antenatal OPD at Thiruvallur GH served as study participants.Tools: Demographic Variables, Self-structured knowledge questionnaire, self-structured 5 point Likert Scale to assess the attitude. Results: The study results showed that knowledge level in the pretest was 42(42%) of Primigravida mothers had moderately adequate knowledge, 41(41%) had inadequate knowledge and 17(17%) had adequate knowledge on birth preparedness whereas in the post test, 79(79%) had adequate knowledge and 21(21%) had moderate adequate knowledge on birth preparedness among Primigravida mothers. The attitude level in the pretest was 79(79%) of Primigravida mothers had moderately favourable attitude, 17(17%) had favourable attitude and 4(4%) had unfavourable attitude on birth preparedness whereas in the post test, 78(78%) had favourable attitude and 22(22%) had moderate favourable attitude on birth preparedness among Primigravida mothers. There was a significant ix difference between the pretest and post test score of knowledge and attitude which clearly infers that structured teaching programme on birth preparedness administered to the Primigravida mothers was found to be effective in improving their level of knowledge and attitude in the post test.

A study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding new born care among primigravida mothers in selected rural areas of Byahatti PHC, Hubballi

A study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding new born care among primigravida mothers in selected rural areas of Byahatti PHC, Hubballi

Efektivitas Essential Oil Lemon dan Grapefruit (Lemon Paradisi) Terhadap Penurunan Mual pada Ibu Hamil Trimester Pertama di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kayangan

Background: Orange essential oil is well known for its flavor and fragrance properties, as well as many aromatherapeutic and medicinal applications. The lemon essential oil can be used to treat emesis of gravidarum. Purpose: To determine the difference in the effect of inhalation of lemon and grapefruit essential oils on reducing the frequency of emesis gravidarum in first-trimester pregnant women. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design method. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling with a sample size of 30 first trimester primigravida mothers. The study was conducted in Kayangan, North Lombok Regency. Measurement of the frequency of nausea and vomiting using the Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis Scale (PUQE), statistical analysis using the Independent T-Test. Results: There was a significant effect between lemon essential oil and emesis of gravidarum with a p-value of 0.01. There is no difference between the results of the pre-test and post-test with a p-value &gt; 0.05. There was no significant effect between grapefruit essential oil on the decrease in emesis gravidarum with a p-value of 0.3. There is a significant difference with a p-value of 0.009 between the results of the pre-test and post-test. Conclusion: Lemon essential oil affects reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women, while grapefruit essential oil does not affect reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women.

Primigravida TM III Anxiety Levels in Facing the Labor Process Judging from Mother's Knowledge

Introduction: Pregnancy can be a source of anxiety stressors, especially in primigravida mothers' third trimester of pregnancy. One of the efforts made by health workers to reduce the level of anxiety in pregnant women facing the delivery process is by providing health services and counseling, and health education during pregnancy check-ups (ANC). Every woman believes that pregnancy is a natural thing that must be lived. On the other hand, some argue that it is an event that determines the next life. Anxiety and anxiety in pregnant women, if not treated seriously, will impact and affect the physical and psychological of both the mother and the fetus. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and the level of anxiety of primigravida TM III in dealing with childbirth at the Wae Rii Health Center and Langke Rembong Regency. Methods: The research design used in this research is descriptive correlative with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 70 respondents was selected using the purposive sampling technique using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data on pregnant women were taken from the register book and distributed in knowledge and anxiety questionnaires. Statistical test using chi-square test. Results: Most of the 35 people with good knowledge had a mild level of anxiety. The results of the statistical test showed a p-value of 0.000 which means a p-value &lt;0.05, so there is a statistically significant relationship between knowledge and the anxiety level of TM III primigravida mothers in dealing with labor at the Work Center of Manggarai Regency, especially Wae Rii and Langke Rembong District.

PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG ANEMIA DALAM KEHAMILAN

Anemia of pregnancy can cause high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aims to explore the maternal knowledge level of anemia of pregnancy reviewed based on age, education and parity. This study has 30 samples. The results shows that the maternal knowledge level of anemia on pregnancy is as follows: mothers &lt;20 years of age had low level of knowledge (77,78%); mothers with low education had low level of knowledge (80%); and primigravid mothers had low level of knowedge as well (75%). Thus, it can be concluded that low level of knowledge regarding anemia on pregnancy can generally be found in mothers whose age is &lt;20 years, with low education, and who are expecting their first child.

Assess the Knowledge on Preparation of Parenthood Among Primigravida Mothers

A descriptive study was conducted to assess the knowledge on preparation of parenthood among primigravida mothers in selected hospital, Coimbatore. The investigator selected 50 primigravida mothers who attended OPD and fulfilled the inclusion criteria by convenient sampling technique. The analysis findings indicated that, 64% of the primigravida mothers had moderate adequate knowledge regarding preparation of parenthood and there is a significant association between education statuses with the level of knowledge. The study concluded that, the education programs should be given to the eligible primigravida mothers to enhance their knowledge on preparation of parenthood.Keywords:Parenthood, Primigravida mother.

Antenatal Anxiety towards Gender Preference and Social Acceptance among Primi and Multi Gravida Antenatal Mother attending Sadar Hospital, Sasaram

Antenatal Anxiety towards Gender Preference and Social Acceptance among Primi and Multi Gravida Antenatal Mother attending Sadar Hospital, Sasaram

Characteristics Associated With Anxiety in Primigravida Mothers Facing Labor in Cianjur District

Anxiety in primigravida mothers can arise in the third trimester and can harm pregnant women and their babies by leading to stunted fetal growth, weakening of uterine muscle contractions, increased risk of giving birth to premature babies, and affecting the growth and development of children. High levels of anxiety in pregnant women can be caused by several factors including the characteristics of the mother. Midwives must know the causal factors and how to overcome them. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of anxiety in primigravida mothers in the third trimester in the face of childbirth and the factors that influence this. An analytic observational design was used with a cross-sectional approach. The sample included 35 pregnant women in the third trimester, recruited by consecutive sampling. Data were collected by questionnaires. The univariate data analysis looked at the frequency distribution and the bivariate analysis used the Chi-square test. The results showed that 60.0% of the women had mild anxiety and 40.0% had moderate anxiety. There was a significant relationship between the characteristics of age (p = 0.001; OR: 3.672; 95% CI: 0.20-0.85), education (p = 0.005; OR: 2.552; 95% CI: 0.30-0.75) and economic status (p = 0.003; OR: 1.552; 95% CI: 0.56-3.75) with anxiety of primigravida pregnant women in facing childbirth. It is recommended that pregnant women routinely carry out prenatal check-ups at health facilities to help mothers obtain information related to their pregnancy, so they can control the anxiety that arises during their pregnancy.&#x0D; Keywords: maternal characteristics, anxiety, primigravida

The effect of empowerment counseling on stress and self-esteem of mothers with hospitalized premature infants

ABSTRACT Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of counselling on stress and self-esteem of mothers with hospitalized premature infants. Materials and Methods This parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 primigravida mothers aged 18-40 years, gestational age of 28-34 weeks in 2021 in Iran. The women were randomly assigned to two groups by blocked randomization. The data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, Paternal Stress Scale and Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire. Individual counselling based on the GATHER model was carried out within two consecutive weeks in four sessions. Data were analyzed with SPSS 24. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in demographic variables, stress, and self-esteem before the intervention (P>0.05). There was a substantial difference in the mean score of self – esteem 9.52±3.22 and 16.75±6.39 (P<0.001), stress 154.65±32.15and 61±10.98 (P<0.001) and different dimensions of stress between the control and intervention groups after the intervention. The most significant reduction occurred in the dimension of appearance and behaviour of the infant (cohen d=3.146). Conclusions The results show counselling with an empowerment approach based on the GATHER model is effective in reducing stress and increasing self-esteem of mothers of premature infants admitted to the intensive care unit.

Nipple/Areola Dimensions in Early Breastfeeding.

Background: Nipple dimensions may be an important factor in breastfeeding (BF) initiation success. Objective: To establish standards of nipple/areola dimensions in early BF and to determine whether maternal age, gestational age (GA), parity, cup size, previous BF experience, and early (<2 hours) BF affect nipple dimensions (assessed on the second day of BF). Design/Methods: A total of 205 consecutive BF women were enrolled. They were all Caucasians, and had uncomplicated pregnancies, labors, and vertex vaginal deliveries. Measurements (immediately before and after BF) of nipple length and diameter and of prefeeding areolas were by sliding calipers. Results: In average, there were no significant differences between right (R) and left (L) side dimensions, except for post-BF nipple length, and post-BF horizontal nipple diameter (significantly higher on the L side). Both R and L nipple length correlated positively with maternal age, gravidity, parity, number of previously breastfed infants, and cumulative number of BF months. Early (<2 hours) first BF did not correlate with increased nipple length. Pre-BF nipple length correlated significantly with post-BF nipple length on both sides. There were significant differences between pre- and post- BF values in terms of nipple length (longer length post-BF), but not in terms of nipple diameter. In stepwise regression analysis, where pre-BF nipple length was the dependent variable, and parity (or maternal age, or previous BF), early first BF, and GA were independent variables, parity, maternal age, gravidity, or previous BF experience were positively and significantly associated with nipple length (p < 0.001). The correlation maternal age-nipple length remained significant in primigravida mothers. Conclusions: This study provided a set of standards for nipple and areola dimensions on day 2 of BF in Caucasian women. The only areola/nipple dimension significantly affected by BF is the nipple length. Increasing parity, maternal age, or previous BF experience is significantly associated with increased nipple length.

PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG ANEMIA DALAM KEHAMILAN

Anemia of pregnancy can cause high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aims to explore the maternal knowledge level of anemia of pregnancy reviewed based on age, education and parity. This study has 30 samples. The results shows that the maternal knowledge level of anemia on pregnancy is as follows: mothers &lt;20 years of age had low level of knowledge (77,78%); mothers with low education had low level of knowledge (80%); and primigravid mothers had low level of knowedge as well (75%). Thus, it can be concluded that low level of knowledge regarding anemia on pregnancy can generally be found in mothers whose age is &lt;20 years, with low education, and who are expecting their first child.

Effects of Educational Intervention on Maternal Knowledge Regarding Umbilical Cord Care of New-Borns

Background: Worldwide, About 4 million children die during the neonate period. Major cause of 25 percent of these deaths is umbilical cord infection nearly 25% children die due to this reason, meanwhile 2/3 children are delivered at home and traditional umbilical cord done in under developed countries. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of educational intervention of maternal knowledge regarding umbilical code care. Study design: A quasi-experimental design. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in Institute of Nursing, The University of Health Sciences Lahore in collaboration with Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore. The study population was the all expecting Primi gravida mothers who visited the Obstetrics and Gynecology outdoor department of Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore. The whole sample size (100) was included in the study. Simple randomized sampling technique was used. The women included to the study in accordance with the inclusion criteria, all expecting primigravida mothers who were able to read and write Urdu or English language and had no psychological illness with the age range between 20-35 years were included in the study. SPSS was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The 66 % of the participants were under the age of 25-30 years whereas, 22 % were above the age of 30 years and only 12 % participants were below 25 years of age. As for their residence, all the participants belonged to urban area. Educational status of the participants revealed that more than half of the participants 30 % possessed higher secondary school education while, 36.7 % were with secondary education and about18 % had primary education. While the majorities 90 % were house wives and only 10 % were job holder. Conclusion: The Results of the present study indicate that overall impact of structural education intervention improves the maternal knowledge about newborns care. Keywords: Educational interventions, Umbilical cord care, neonate period, maternal education.

Successful Management of a Case of Congenital Dislocation of Knee With Ipsilateral Developmental Dysplasia of Hip

Introduction Congenital dislocation of the knee (CDK) is a rare condition and includes a characteristic hyperextension deformity at the knee with varying degrees of anterior and lateral subluxation. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common disorder and presents frequently to a pediatrician. DDH with CDK is common, but hip pathology usually remains unnoticed because of more obvious deformity at the knee. Through this case, we aim to highlight the association of CDK with DDH and discuss its management. Case Presentation A preterm, 31-week baby girl, appropriate for gestational age, delivered to a primigravida mother with early antenatal oligohydramnios. At birth, the baby had an externally rotated left lower limb and the knee in hyperextension. A clinical diagnosis of CDK with ipsilateral DDH was confirmed further with a radiological evaluation of the left hip and knee. Staged correction of deformities was done starting with the knee, followed by the hip joint. By the 12th week of life, the knee and hip dislocations were corrected satisfactorily, which remained stable till the last follow-up (6 months). Conclusion CDK can present with an ipsilateral DDH, and this possibility needs attention. Newborns having congenital knee dislocation should undergo hip screening for instability by clinical methods. Ultrasound screening of the hip can be done if clinical examination is inconclusive. Such cases can be managed successfully by staged knee and hip disorder correction.

Anxiety Related to “Childbearing Process” Among Women

Introduction Childbirth is a natural, normal physiological phenomenon that introduces new experiences in women’s reproductive life. It has a great physiological, emotional, and social impact on a woman’s health. If a pregnant woman finds it difficult to adapt to the changes, she may suffer from anxiety and depression and it, in turn, affects the physical and mental health of both the mother and child. Assessing and managing anxiety is one of the most important needs during pregnancy. Objective To assess and compare the anxiety related to the childbearing process among primigravida and multigravida mothers. Methodology A descriptive study was conducted among 300 pregnant women visiting antenatal OPD or admitted before delivery in the selected hospital. The data were collected by interviewing pregnant women as per the interview schedule comprised of sociodemographic profiles and an anxiety scale. The obtained data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The results showed that 88% of pregnant women had low anxiety, whereas 12% had moderate anxiety. Anxiety was more common among primigravida women. Conclusion The study concluded that majority of the women had low anxiety during the childbearing process.

STUDY OF GENERALISED ANXIETY DISORDER AND FACTORS AFFECTING IT DURING POSTNATAL PERIOD.

ABSTRACT&#x0D; &#x0D; Background: Anxiety disorders remain the commonest mental disorder in general population. Both these disorders are common in pregnant women and postpartum period and are underdiagnosed. There is a paucity of research on mental disorders and their risk factors among women during postnatal period in India. This study aims to estimate the incidence of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression and explore the common associated factors among postnatal women in India.&#x0D; Aim: The present study aims to study the incidence and risk factors of generalised anxiety disorders among mothers attending the outpatient department clinic (OPD) for vaccination of their children or gynaecology OPD for follow up.&#x0D; Methods: Total of 180 women of postpartum period, up to 6 months, was randomly selected and assessed using self-report questionnaire GAD-7 for GAD. General demographic details were obtained via a revalidated proforma. Incidence and risk factors for both these mental disorders were assessed.&#x0D; Results: The incidence of GAD was found to be 31.11%. Primigravida mothers scored higher on GAD-7 score than multigravida mothers and incidence of GAD was also higher in primigravidas mothers (p=0.042). There was no significant association between age of mother, socioeconomic status of mother, and sex of the child born, with development of GAD in the postnatal period. Substance abuse in husband was significantly related to development of GAD in women in postnatal period.&#x0D; Conclusion: A significant proportion of women had generalised anxiety disorder. Pregnancy for the first time was associated with increased risk of GAD. Substance abuse by husband is significantly associated with development of GAD and depression during postnatal period.