Prime System Research Articles

A prime system with many self-joinings

We construct a rigid, rank 1, prime transformation that is not quasi-simple and whose self-joinings form a Poulsen simplex. This seems to be the first example of a prime system whose self-joinings form a Poulsen simplex.

Design and Analysis of a System

Systems Analysis and Design (SAD) may be a broad term for describing methodologies for developing prime quality data system that combines data Technology, folks and knowledge to support business demand. The unhappy technique isn't solely restricted to those systems and may be accustomed produce near to something, from a family house to the international orbiter

SISTEM PELAYANAN BADAN AMIL ZAKAT NASIONAL (BAZNAS) KOTA SAMARINDA

Baznas as a trusted amil zakat body because it is centralized and regulated by the government of the Republic of Indonesia and has a legal basis, namely Law No. 23 of 2011 and has standardization and professionalism. This has triggered Baznas to continue to implement a good prime service system, especially in managing and distributing zakat. This is implemented through a zakat service program that seeks to ensure that zakat can be collected from benefactors and muzzaki in a professional and prime manner. This is what muzzaki demands besides good service as well as professional governance. This type of research uses a qualitative approach. The subject of this research is the National Zakat Agency. Meanwhile, the object of research is the service system. Sources of data obtained by researchers are primary data in the form of interviews, observation and documentation and secondary data through library sources. The results of the research obtained are that the Samarinda City Baznas service system has a series of strategies and processes in zakat management starting from the process of zakat, infaq and sadaqah services, the collection and collection process, distribution programs, and improvement of human resources. The service system of Baznas Kota Samarinda is in accordance with the indicators of excellent service quality, namely transparency, accountability, conditionality, participation, equality of rights, and balance of rights and obligations

New physiological insights into the phenomena of deer antler: A unique model for skeletal tissue regeneration.

SummaryGenerally, mammals are unable to regenerate complex tissues and organs however the deer antler provides a rare anomaly to this rule. This osseous cranial appendage which is located on the frontal bone of male deer is capable of stem cell-based organogenesis, annual casting, and cyclic de novo regeneration. A series of recent studies have classified this form of regeneration as epimorphic stem cell based. Antler renewal is initiated by the activation of neural crest derived pedicle periosteal cells (PPCs) found residing within the pedicle periosteum (PP), these PPCs have the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages. Other antler stem cells (ASCs) are the reserve mesenchymal cells (RMCs) located in the antlers tip, which develop into cartilage tissue. Antlerogenic periosteal cells (APCs) found within the antlerogenic periosteum (AP) form the tissues of both the pedicle and first set of antlers. Antler stem cells (ASCs) further appear to progress through various stages of activation, this coordinated transition is considered imperative for stem cell-based mammalian regeneration. The latest developments have shown that the rapid elongation of the main beam and antler branches are a controlled form of tumour growth, regulated by the tumour suppressing genes TP73 and ADAMTS18. Both osteoclastogenesis, as well as osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation are also involved. While there remains much to uncover this review both summarises and comprehensively evaluates our existing knowledge of tissue regeneration in the deer antler. This will assist in achieving the goal of in vitro organ regeneration in humans by furthering the field of modern regenerative medicine.The Translational potential of this articleAs a unique stem cell-based organ regeneration process in mammals, the deer antler represents a prime model system for investigating mechanisms of regeneration in mammalian tissues. Novel ASCs could provide cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine and bone remodelling for clinical application. A greater understanding of this process and a more in-depth defining of ASCs will potentiate improved clinical outcomes.

Radiation Dose during Transarterial Radioembolization: A Dosimetric Comparison of Cone-Beam CT and Angio-CT Technologies

PurposeTo evaluate the radiation dose differences for intraprocedural computed tomography (CT) imaging between cone-beam CT and angio-CT acquired during transarterial radioembolization (TARE) therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort of 22 patients who underwent 23 TARE procedures were selected. Patients were imaged in both cone-beam CT and angio-CT rooms as a part of their conventional treatment plan. Effective dose contributions from individual CT acquisitions as well as the cumulative dose contributions from procedural 3D imaging were evaluated. Angiography dose contributions were omitted. Cone-beam CT images were acquired on a C-arm Philips Allura system. Effective doses were evaluated by coupling previously published conversion factors (effective dose per dose-area product) to patient’s dose-area product meter readings after the procedure. Angio-CT images were acquired on a hybrid Canon Infinix-i Aquilion PRIME system. Effective doses from angio-CT scans were estimated using Radimetrics. Comparisons of a single patient’s dose differential between the 2 technologies were made. ResultsThe mean effective dose from a single CT scan was 6.42 mSv and 5.99 mSv in the cone-beam CT room and the angio-CT room, respectively (P = .3224), despite the greater field of view and average craniocaudal scan coverage in angio-CT. The mean effective dose summed across all CTs in a procedure was 12.89 mSv and 34.35 mSv in the cone-beam CT room and the angio-CT room, respectively (P = .0018). ConclusionsThe mean effective dose per CT scan is comparable between cone-beam CT and angio-CT when considered in direct comparison for a single patient.

The wide-field photometric system of the Nanshan One-meter Telescope

The Nanshan One-meterWide-field Telescope is a prime focus system that is located at Nanshan Station of Xinjiang Astronomical Observatories. The field of view was designed to 1.5° × 1.5°, and the Johnson-Cousins UBVRI system was chosen as the main filter set. The telescope has been providing observation services for astronomers since September 2013. Variable source searching and time-domain surveys are the main scientific goals. The system’s test results are reported including linearity, dark current, bias, readout noise and gain of the CCD camera. The accurate instrumental calibration coefficients in UBVRI bands were driven with Landolt standard stars during photometric nights. Finally, the limiting magnitudes are given with signal-to-noise ratios and various exposure times for observers.

Precise genome modification in tomato using an improved prime editing system.

The CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing technology has been widely applied to create knock-out alleles of genes by generating short insertions or deletions (indel) in various plant species. Due to the low efficiency of homology-directed repair (HDR) and difficulties in the delivery of DNA template for HDR, precise genome editing remains challenging in plants (Mao et al., 2019). A tandem repeat-HDR method was developed very recently for sequence replacement in rice, which is most useful for monocots (Lu et al., 2020). Base editors developed from Cas9 nickase fusion with cytosine and adenine deaminases enable targeted C-to-T or A-to-G substitutions, but are restricted to specific types of base replacements and target site selections (Mao et al., 2019).

Completely multiplicative functions with sum zero over generalised prime systems

CMO functions multiplicative functions f for which sum _{n=1}^infty f(n) =0. Such functions were first defined and studied by Kahane and Saïas [14]. We generalised these to Beurling prime systems with the aim to investigate the theory of the extended functions and we shall call them CMO_{mathcal {P}} functions. We give some properties and find examples of CMO_{mathcal {P}} functions. In particular, we explore how quickly the partial sum of these classes of functions tends to zero with different generalised prime systems. The findings of this paper may suggest that for all CMO_{mathcal {P}} functions f over mathcal{{N}} with abscissa 1, we have ∑n≤xn∈Nf(n)=Ω(1x).\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsmath}\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{wasysym}\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsfonts}\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amssymb}\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{amsbsy}\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{mathrsfs}\t\t\t\t\\usepackage{upgreek}\t\t\t\t\\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\t\t\t\t\\begin{document}$$\\begin{aligned} \\sum _{\\tiny \\begin{array}{c} n \\le x \\\\ n\\in \\mathcal {N} \\end{array}} f(n) = \\Omega \\Big (\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{x}} \\Big ). \\end{aligned}$$\\end{document}

Unbiased investigation of specificities of prime editing systems in human cells.

Prime editors (PEs) enable targeted precise editing, including the generation of substitutions, insertions and deletions, in eukaryotic genomes. However, their genome-wide specificity has not been explored. Here, we developed Nickase-based Digenome-seq (nDigenome-seq), an in vitro assay that uses whole-genome sequencing to identify single-strand breaks induced by CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) nickase. We used nDigenome-seq to screen for potential genome-wide off-target sites of Cas9 H840A nickase, a PE component, targeted to nine human genomic sites. Then, using targeted amplicon sequencing of off-target candidates identified by nDigenome-seq, we showed that only five off-target sites showed detectable PE-induced modifications in cells, at frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 1.9%, suggesting that PEs provide a highly specific method of precise genome editing. We also found that PE specificity in human cells could be further improved by incorporating mutations from engineered Cas9 variants, particularly eSpCas9 and Sniper Cas9, into PE.

Cost and cost drivers associated with setting-up a prime vendor system to complement the national medicines supply chain in Tanzania

IntroductionEconomic analysis of supply chain management interventions to improve the availability of healthcare commodities at healthcare facilities is important in generating evidence for decision-makers. The current study assesses the cost...

Precision genome engineering in rice using prime editing system.

Precision genome engineering in rice using prime editing system.

Acceptability of a Prime Vendor System in Public Healthcare Facilities in Tanzania.

Background: Pharmaceutical supply chain management in low- and middle-income countries has received substantial attention to address the shortage of medicines at peripheral facilities. The focus has been on health system interventions, including the establishment of public-private partnerships (PPPs). In 2014, the United Republic of Tanzania began implementing the Jazia prime vendor system (Jazia PVS) with a contracted private wholesale supplier to complement the national medicines supply chain in public facilities. Few studies have investigated the acceptability of such a prime vendor system. This study analyses factors that contributed to the acceptability of Jazia PVS introduced in Tanzania. We used qualitative analytical methods to study experiences of Jazia PVS implementers in 4 districts in mid-2018. Methods: Data were drawn from 14 focus group discussions (FGDs), 7 group discussions (GDs) and 30 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with a range of actors involved in Jazia PVS. The study analysed 7 acceptability dimensions as defined in the acceptability framework by Sekhon et al. Framework analysis was adopted to summarise the results using a deductive and an inductive approach. Results: The findings show that participants’ acceptability of Jazia PVS was influenced by the increased availability of essential medicines at the facilities, higher order fulfilment rates, and timely delivery of the consignment. Furthermore, acceptability was also influenced by the good reputation of the prime vendor, close collaboration with district managers, and participants’ understanding that the prime vendor was meant to complement the existing supply chain. Intervention coherence, experienced opportunity cost and intervention burden, affective attitude and self-efficacy were also important in explaining the acceptability of the Jazia PVS. Conclusion: In conclusion, the most critical factor contributing to the acceptability of the Jazia PVS was the perceived effectiveness of the system in achieving its intended purpose. Districts purchasing directly from the prime vendor have a policy based on the possibility to increase availability of essential medicines at peripheral facilities in a low income setting; however, it is crucial to select a reputable and competent vendor, as well as to abide by the contractual agreements.

The role of accountability in the performance of Jazia prime vendor system in Tanzania

BackgroundAccess to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines for all is a central component of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). However, the availability of quality medicines in peripheral healthcare facilities is often limited. Several countries have developed integrated complementary pharmaceutical supply systems to address the shortage of medicines. Nevertheless, there is little evidence on how accountability contributes to the performance of such complementary pharmaceutical supply systems in low-income settings. The current study analyses how accountability mechanisms contributed to the performance of Jazia Prime Vendor System (Jazia PVS) in Tanzania.MethodsThe study analysed financial, performance and procedure accountability as defined in Boven’s accountability framework. We conducted 30 in-depth interviews (IDIs), seven group discussions (GD) and 14 focus group discussions (FGDs) in 2018 in four districts that implemented Jazia PVS. We used a deductive and inductive approach to develop the themes and framework analysis to summarize the data.ResultsThe study findings revealed that a number of accountability mechanisms implemented in conjunction with Jazia PVS contributed to the performance of Jazia PVS. These include inventory and financial auditing conducted by district pharmacists and the internal auditors, close monitoring of standard operating procedures by the prime vendor regional coordinating office and peer cascade coaching. Furthermore, the auditing activities allowed identifying challenges of delayed payment to the vendor and possible approaches for mitigation while peer cascade coaching played a crucial role in enabling staff at the primary facilities to improve skills to oversee and manage the medicines supply chain.ConclusionFinancial, performance and procedure accountability measures played an important role for the successful performance of Jazia PVS in Tanzania. The study highlights the need for capacity building linked to financial and supply management at lower level health facilities, including health facility governing committees, which are responsible for priority-setting and decision-making at facility level.

Beurling integers with RH and large oscillation

We construct a Beurling generalized number system satisfying the Riemann hypothesis and whose integer counting function displays extremal oscillation in the following sense. The prime counting function of this number system satisfies π(x)=Li(x)+O(x), while its integer counting function satisfies the oscillation estimate N(x)=ρx+Ω±(xexp⁡(−clog⁡xlog⁡log⁡x)) for some c>0, where ρ>0 is its asymptotic density. The construction is inspired by a classical example of H. Bohr for optimality of the convexity bound for Dirichlet series, and combines saddle-point analysis with the Diamond-Montgomery-Vorhauer probabilistic method via random prime number system approximations.

Comparing generic and vectorial nonlinear manoeuvring models and parameter estimation using optimal truncated least square support vector machine

An optimal truncated least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) is proposed for the parameter estimation of nonlinear manoeuvring models based on captive manoeuvring tests. Two classical nonlinear manoeuvring models, generic and vectorial models, are briefly introduced, and the prime system of SNAME is chosen as the normalization forms for the hydrodynamic coefficients. The optimal truncated LS-SVM is introduced. It is a robust method for parameter estimation by neglecting the small singular values, which contribute negligibly to the solutions and increase the parameter uncertainty. The parameter with a large uncertainty is sensitive to the noise in the data and have a poor generalization performance. The classical LS-SVM and optimal truncated LS-SVM are used to estimate the parameters, and the effectiveness of optimal truncated LS-SVM is validated. The parameter uncertainty for both nonlinear manoeuvring models is discussed. The generalization performance of the obtained numerical models is further tested against the validation set, which is completely left untouched in the training. The R2 goodness-of-fit criterion is used to demonstrate the accuracy of the obtained models.

From the Literature

From the Literature

Canada–United States Environmental Relations during the Trudeau-Trump Years: A Story of Divergence and Resilience

ABSTRACT More than any previous presidential transition, the 2016 election of Donald Trump gave rise to fears on both sides of the border as to what consequences might follow for the state of the environment. In Canada, by contrast, the 2015 election of a Liberal government was widely expected to produce a significant increase in both environmental spending and regulation. Divergence in the environmental policies of the two countries and friction over transboundary environmental issues appeared likely. Three years after the election of President Trump, the environmental policy conflicts between Canada and the United States are fewer and less fractious than many anticipated. Moreover, the consequences for Canada of the Trump administration’s weaker concern for the environment also have been less dire than many predicted. In short, the environmental relationship between Canada and the United States has proved to be more resilient than expected. Two main factors are responsible for blunting the bilateral effects of an undeniable and wide gap between the Trudeau and Trump governments on the environment. One involves the nature of environmental policy, characterized by high levels of technical and scientific complexity, multiple stakeholders, and the important role of subnational governments. The second factor involves governmental structure. In particular, the American system of divided powers makes it more difficult than Canada’s more centralized, prime ministerial system of government to change the direction of policy.

The average order of the Möbius function for Beurling primes

In this paper, we study the counting functions [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of a generalized prime system [Formula: see text]. Here, [Formula: see text] is the partial sum of the Möbius function over [Formula: see text] not exceeding [Formula: see text]. In particular, we study these when they are asymptotically well-behaved, in the sense that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], for some [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We show that the two largest of [Formula: see text] must be equal and at least [Formula: see text].

The Executive and the Constitutional Reforms Process in Sri Lanka

ABSTRACTThe debate on whether the executive presidential system which was introduced to Sri Lanka in 1978 should be retained, reformed or abolished is not a new one. It is a topic which is central to constitutional reformation in Sri Lanka, but one which always carries the potential of either making or breaking any attempt made at reforming the Constitution. This article examines the character of the post of executive president in Sri Lanka and how the most recent constitutional reforms process (initiated in 2015–2016) has sought to engage with the topic of executive presidency. Departing from the more popular trend of unconditionally critiquing the executive presidency, this article calls for a more realistic and dispassionate assessment of not only the possibility of abolishing the executive presidency but also of the viability of a prime ministerial system in Sri Lanka.

Performance Analysis of 2-D Prime Codes Encoded Optical CDMA System

Abstract Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system provides highly secured transmission in addition to its capabilities to support asynchronous transmission and soft blocking. Two-dimensional OCDMA codes are chosen in this paper due to their high cardinality, good spectral efficiency and flexibility in their construction methods against direct sequence codes. This paper focuses on study of impact of multiple access interference (MAI) at high data rates for 2-D prime codesbased OCDMA system. It is shown that how the change in number of simultaneous users affects the transmission quality. Further, performance of the system is analysed in terms of bit error rate, received electrical power and eye openings. In addition, this paper also shows a comparative analysis of 2-D codes-based OCDMA system and wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) system in order to justify the improved performance of the proposed system. It is observed that the performance of 2-D OCDMA system is much better than WDMA system in terms of quality as well as security.