Prime Module Research Articles

Karakteristik Modul Endoprima Lemah

In this research, we studied weakly endoprime module, which is a development of weakly prime module by reviewing its fully invariant submodule. This is similar to the development of endoprime module from prime module. This primary objective of this research are to determine the relationship between weakly endoprime module and endoprime module and examine the fully invariant submodules of weakly endoprime module. The method employed in this research involves studying the relationship between weakly prime modules and prime modules, endoprime modules and prime modules, as well as weakly endoprime modules and weakly prime modules. The results obtained are that each endoprime module is a weakly endoprime module, but the converse is not necessarily true. Moreover, a fully invariant submodule of a weakly endoprime module is not necessarily a weakly endoprime module.

Efficient synthesis and in-silico studies of pyrano[3,2-c]pyrones based glycohybrids

This work is comprising of designing, efficient synthesis and molecular docking studies of pyrano[3,2-c]pyrones based stereodivergent glycohybrids. The diverse pyrano[3,2-c]pyrones based glycohybrids were efficiently prepared through condensation of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives and 4‑hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-ones with various enantiopure 2,3-dideoxy-α,β-unsaturated carbohydrate enals using organo-catalyst, l-proline, in EtOAc at room temperature. 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal derived acetyl-protected carbohydrate enals yielded highly diastereoselective glycohybrid products. Whereas, poor selectivity was observed with α,β-unsaturated carbohydrate enals obtained from 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-d-galactal. The in-silico investigations show the significant binding activity of the selected compounds in the active binding site of HCK protein (PDB:1QCF) with the better docking score of −7.13 kcal/mol as compared to the co-crystallized ligand PP1 (−6.77 kcal/mol). Additionally, MM/GBSA was calculated using the Prime module to determine the binding energy of the ligands. Selected compounds showed the maximum binding affinity of −74.18 kcal/mol compared to the co-crystallized ligand PP1 (−70.40 kcal/mol). ADMET screening of these compounds predicts the low toxicity and better metabolic profile of the synthesized compounds inside the body.

A Multimode Power Processor With Wired and Wireless Battery Charging for Electric Vehicle

The propulsion unit is the prime power module in an Electric Vehicle (EV) that keeps it moving. This module includes a propulsion motor and a power electronic interface that converts DC to three phase AC for driving the motor. In addition to this, separate power electronic modules are used for on-board wired charging and wireless charging. This paper proposes a multimode power processor for EV capable of serving the purpose of three different power modules required for propulsion, wired charging and wireless charging. This optimizes the weight, volume, and cost of the EV as separate power modules are avoided for three different modes. This paper also proposes a new scheme for the transmitting side power electronic module that taps power from the single-phase utility grid and generates high frequency AC using a resonant inverter for wireless power transfer. In both the wired and wireless charging method, the proposed technique draws power from the single-phase wall outlet, charges the EV battery pack with constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charging logic and performs power factor correction operation at the input AC grid side. A laboratory scale prototype is developed for experimentally validating the proposed concept with a 24 V, 30 Ah battery set and a 24 V, 400 W BLDC motor.

EXPLORATION OF ANTI-MELANOMA POTENTIAL OF PHYTOCHEMICALS FROM NYCTANTHES ARBORTRISTIS THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES

Objective: The goal of the current research is to identify the dominant phytochemical from the plantNyctanthesarbor-tristis Linn. and to investigate their binding affinities against the proteins BRaf Kinase mutant (3OG7) and Hsp90 Chaperone (2VCJ) that causesmelanoma. Methods: In this work, Schrodinger software was utilized to investigate the anti-cancer potential of phytochemicals Nyctanthesarbor-tristis against specific target proteins, namely BRaf Kinase mutant (3OG7) and Hsp90 Chaperone (2VCJ) Inhibitors. Results: Based on the outcome of the docking investigation, phytochemicals that exhibited highest binding affinity to the specified protein targets were subjected to induced fit docking and MM-GBSA computations using the Schrodinger Maestro version 2021.2 in prime module. According to the analysis, the compounds with the highest binding affinities for 2VCJ and 3OG7 are Arbortristoside D and Nicotiflorin respectively. The compound that interacted with both the proteins wasArbortristoside B. These phytochemicals appear to be more effective to the FDA-approved V600E-BRaf inhibitor Vemurafenib and Hsp90 Chaperone Inhibitor Diclonine. Conclusion: One of the most common, deadly, and dangerous malignant diseases with a high global prevalence rate is melanoma (skin cancer). The present study may prove more helpful in developing an ideal targeted drug delivery system of phytochemicals obtained from plant Nyctanthesarbor-tristisfor treatment of melanoma. This suggests that these substances could be evolved into highly effective anti-melanoma drugs.

Repurposing of Food and Drug Admnistration (FDA) approved library to identify a potential inhibitor of trypanothione synthetase for developing an antileishmanial agent

Leishmaniasis is one of the top 10 neglected tropical diseases. Globally, it impacts more than 12 million individuals. In light of the absence of a safer, affordable treatment for the Leishmaniasis, along with therapeutic failures and drug resistance, novel therapeutic strategies are necessary to discover new drugs. Treatment would benefit by concentrating on the precise targets that are crucial for the parasite to survive. A target that aids in the organism's survival under oxidative stress is trypanothione synthetase (TyS), which is a component of the trypanothione pathway in Leishmania spp. To find potential TyS inhibitors for the purpose of discovering novel antileishmanial drugs, we used a virtual screening strategy. Using the Glide module of Schrodinger-suite 2023, an FDA-approved library containing 2000 drugs from the ZINC-15 database was screened against the TyS. Dostinex, raloxifene, and formoterol showed good docking scores of −10.568 kcal/mol, −10.446 kcal/mol, and −56.21 kcal/mol, as well as good binding energies of −70.41 kcal/mol, −56.21 kcal/mol, and −64.15 kcal/mol respectively. The stability of the ligand-protein complexes was assessed further with the help of Desmond to execute a 100-ns molecular dynamics simulation. The Prime module was utilised to perform post-MM/GBSA analysis on these three molecules along with the toxicity profiling using Protox II web server. This study suggests that dostinex, formoterol, and raloxifene may act as effective inhibitors of the TyS receptor which could be used as novel antileishmanial agents for the therapeutic applications. Thorough preclinical studies are necessary to confirm the identified compounds chemotherapeutic qualities.

AMALAN KEPIMPINAN MORAL GURU BESAR LEPASAN PROGRAM PRIME DALAM ELEMEN NILAI MERENTASI ORGANISASI: SATU KAJIAN TINDAKAN PARTISIPATIF

This study aims to explore the moral leadership practices that exist among principals who have graduated from the Prime program (Principals Residency and Immersion Programme), from three primary schools in Malaysia. The element of leadership that is studied among head teachers is the practice of moral leadership that exists in the aspect of Organizational Values. This study was carried out in a qualitative approach using a participatory action research design (Participatory Action Research or PAR). A three-loop PAR model adapted from Crane and Richardson (2000)3 was used. A total of 21 people, from 3 national schools (SK) have become study participants. Those who became study participants consisted of head teachers, senior administrators and academic teachers. Data for this study were collected through interview techniques, observation and journal entries. The collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis method. The findings of the study show that head teachers who completed PRIme program, in each school studied, are able to develop moral leadership practices in the management of school organizations in planning element of Cross-Organizational Values. The implications of this study provide important information to the moral leadership of head teachers, school organization management and the PRIme module in more efficient moral leadership.

Computer-assisted identification of potential quinolone derivatives targeting Nipah virus glycoprotein attachment with human cell surface receptor ephrin-B2: Multistep virtual screening

Nipah Virus (NiV) is a single-stranded, negative-sense, highly lethal RNA virus. Even though NiV has close to 70–80% of mortality in India and Bangladesh, still there is no available US FDA-approved drug or vaccine. NiV attachment glycoprotein (NiV-G) is critical for NiV to invade the human cell where ephrinB2 which is a crucial membrane-bound ligand that acts as a target of NiV. Most of the research has been performed targeting NiV or human ephrin-B to date. Quinolone derivatives are proven scaffolds for many approved drugs used to treat various bacterial, viral respiratory tract, and urinary tract infections, and rheumatologic disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, we have tried to find potential drug molecules employing quinolone scaffold-based derivatives from PubChem targeting both NiV-G and ephrin-B2 protein. A total of 1500+ quinolone derivatives were obtained from PubChem which were screened based on Drug Likeness followed by being subjected to XP docking employing Schrödinger software. The top ten best molecules were then chosen for their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiling based on the docking score ranking. Further, the top five molecules were selected for 200ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study with Desmond module followed by MM-GBSA study by Prime module of Schrödinger. The exhaustive analysis leads us to the top three probable lead drug molecules for NiV are PubChem CID 23646770, an analog of PubChem CID 67726448, and PubChem CID 10613168 which have predicted Ki values of 0.480 μm, 0.785 μm, and 0.380 μm, respectively. These proposed molecules can be the future drugs targeting NiV-G and human ephrin-B2 which requires further in vivo validation.

Completely Prime Modules for Graded Simple Modules Which is Simple Over Leavitt Path Algebra

We characterize a graded simple module in the setting Leavitt path algebras L which is the completely prime module. Let m M and r A, an A-module M is called a completely prime module if for one m M and r A then 0 or m = 0. In this article, we show that If u is a sink or an infinite emitter, then a graded simple module which is simple is not a completely prime module.

Exploring therapeutic activity of Standard extract of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi): Indian Ayurvedic Herb

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the world’s most debilitating diseases, affecting over 24 million people worldwide. Many synthetic medications developed for Alzheimer’s disease were ineffective in treating the disease, however, they were able to control the symptoms to some extent. As a result, effective bioactive chemicals are in high demand. Bacopa monnieri is an Indian herb that has been used to treat a variety of neurological disorders, according to artifacts and literature (NDDs). We want to find bioactive molecules that target distinct indicators involved in the Alzheimer’s hypothesis. The goal of this study was to learn more about Bacopa monnieri’s potential to combat various AD targets.MethodThe research involved the in‐silico approach by performing docking studies of all bioactive compounds of Bacopa monnieri and target AChE, BuChE, MAO‐A, BACE1, NMDA & APOE. All the ligands of extract were selected from the database and the protein along with ligand were prepared and docking was performed using the Glide module of Schrodinger. Further, the free energy of the complex was calculated using the MM‐GBSA of the prime module. ADME and Bioactivity scores were also analyzed for further understanding.ResultThe results demonstrate free binding and free complex energies for all the phytocompounds of Bacopa monnieri. MAO‐A, AChE, BuChE, and NMDA have shown greater binding affinities than the respective controls. The good scoring compounds were further checked for their Free Energy calculations to ensure their stability. The ADMET properties and bioactivity scores revealed the best stability of the compounds in the human system.ConclusionThe results of the study indicated that the formulations of Bacopa monnieri can be one of the potent therapeutic components against AChE, BuChE, MAO‐A, BACE1, NMDA & APOE, based on the docking scores, free energies, amino acid interactions, ADME, bioactivity, and toxicity. Amongst all, key compounds that showed good binding energies compared to controls for all the targets were L‐Arabinose, DL‐Aspartic acid, L‐Ascorbic acid, DL‐Alanine, and 2,3‐dimethylaniline. Henceforth, it is an effective therapeutic candidate for AD.

2-Prime Modules

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a 2-prime module as a generalization of prime module E over a ring R, where E is said to be prime module if (0) is a prime submodule. We introduced the concept of the 2-prime R-module. Module E is said to be 2-prime if (0) is 2-prime submodule of E. where a proper submodule K of module E is 2-prime submodule if, whenever rR, xE, E, Thus xK or [K: E].

δ-small submodule and prime modules

In this paper, we introduced and studied δ-small submodule over prime module. Two concepts are very important namely strongly prime submodule and completely prime submodule. Multiple results led to obtaining a δ-small submodule of a singular, divisible and Bezout module with R is local. Important terms that appeared in this article, together with some terms, produced the submodule that we were interested in.

Quasi–essentially pseudo – prime modules

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M be a unitary R-module. In this paper we introduce the concept Quasi-essentially pseudo-prime module as a generalization of a prime module and give of examples, characterizations and some basic properties of this concept. Further more we study the relationships of Quasi-essentially pseudo-prime modules with some classes of modules .

Semi-essentially prime modules

Let R be a commutative ring with 1 and M be a (left) unitary R – module. This essay gives generalizations for the notions prime module and some concepts related to it. We termed an R – module M as semi-essentially prime if annR (M) = annR (N) for every non-zero semi-essential submodules N of M. Given some of their advantages characterizations and examples, and we study the relation between these and some classes of modules.

Ehretia Species Phytoconstituents as Potential Lead Compounds against Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase: A Computational Approach.

The evolution of antibiotic-resistant carbapenemase has negatively impacted the management of critical healthcare-associated infections. K. pneumoniae carbapenemase-2- (KPC-2-) expressing bacteria have developed resistance to conventional therapeutic options, including those used as a last resort for life-threatening diseases. In this study, Ehretia species phytoconstituents were screened for their potential to inhibit KPC-2 protein using in silico approaches. Molecular docking was used to identify strong KPC-2 protein binding phytoconstituents retrieved from the literature. The best-docked conformation of the ligands was selected based on their glide energy and binding interactions. To determine their binding free energies, these hit compounds were subjected to molecular mechanics with generalized born and surface area (MM-GBSA) in the PRIME module. Pharmacological assessments of the ligands were performed to evaluate their drug-likeness. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were used to analyze the conformational stability of the selected druglike compounds within the active site of the KPC-2 protein. Overall, a total of 69 phytoconstituents were compiled from the literature. Fourteen of these compounds exhibited a stronger binding affinity for the protein target than the reference drugs. Four of these top hit compounds, DB09, DB12, DB28, and DB66, revealed the highest efficacy in terms of drug-likeness properties. The MD simulation established that among the druglike compounds, DB66 attained stable conformations after 150 ns simulation in the active site of the protein. We concluded that DB66 from Ehretia species could play a significant role in therapeutic efforts against KPC-2-expressing bacteria.

Inhibition of mecA and blaCTX-M from MRSA and ESBL strains of diabetic foot infection by screening antibiotics compound library: an in silico analysis

A computational approach was exploited towards new molecule designing to target the inhibition of resistant genes mecA and blaCTX-M in MRSA and ESBL strains cultured from diabetic foot infected patients. The bioinformatic analysis involves the prediction of protein structures for mecA and blaCTX-M employing the Prime module of Schrodinger. The interactions were examined with the control antibiotics using the modelled protein structures, which revealed that Cefixime and Amikacin showed the highest binding affinity with mecA and blaCTX-M , respectively. According to the predictions of pharmacophores, the ADHRN hypothesis for mecA protein and the ADHR hypothesis for blaCTX-M protein were obtained. Subsequently, the antibiotic compound library from Selleckchem was retrieved, and molecular interactions studies were carried out to explore the interaction profiling of mecA with Tobramycin and blaCTX-M with Acyclovir. Further, the stability of protein-ligand interactions was validated through molecular dynamics simulations. Overall, this study suggests that the predicted pharmacophore model provides in-depth knowledge for repurposing an antibiotic drug with effective inhibition to enhance its therapeutic activity in the currently used ones. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis for Identifying the Significant Genes as Poor Prognostic Markers in Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the most common histological type of gastric cancer and imposes a considerable health burden globally. The purpose of this study was to identify significant genes and key pathways participated in the initiation and progression of GAC. Four datasets (GSE13911, GSE19826, GSE54129, and GSE79973) including 171 GAC and 77 normal tissues from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were collected and analyzed. Through integrated bioinformatics analysis, we obtained 69 commonly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the four datasets, including 20 upregulated and 49 downregulated genes. The prime module in protein-protein interaction network of DEGs, including ADAMTS2, COL10A1, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL8A1, BGN, and SPP1, was enriched in protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and amoebiasis. Furthermore, expression and survival analysis found that all seven hub genes were highly expressed in GAC tissues and 6 of them (except for SPP1) were able to predict poor prognosis of GAC. Finally, we verified the 6 high-expressed hub genes in GAC tissues via immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and RNA quantification analysis. Altogether, we identified six significantly upregulated DEGs as poor prognostic markers in GAC based on integrated bioinformatical methods, which could be potential molecular markers and therapeutic targets for GAC patients.

Anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of solvent extract of Lobophora variegata through in vitro and in silico studies with major phytoconstituents

Seaweeds possess a wide range of bioactive compounds which have been play a vital role in production of novel pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products resources. The present study employed in silico molecular docking to characterize the biomedical potential of brown seaweed Lobophora variegata through antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant and anticancer activities. The antibacterial activity of L. variegata extracts was analyzed against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains producing biofilms. The antioxidant activity was assessed using (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), superoxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Further, the anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of the bioactive compounds were evaluated through molecular docking using GLIDE ligand docking module and prime MM-GBSA module in the Schrodinger software. The phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of L. variegata found more phycocompounds which was confirmed by FT-IR and GC-MS. The significant level of phenol and flavonoid were expressed in methanolic extract of L. variegata. In addition, the potent antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was efficiently expressed during the free radical scavenging assays of ABTS, hydroxyl, and superoxide denoted as 34.94, 26.64, and 29.86 mg/g, respectively. The antibacterial and biofilm activities of the methanolic extract of L. variegata had significant results. Moreover, the methanolic extract exhibited cytotoxicity against human colon cancer HT-29 cell lines at an inhibitory concentration is 193.65 μg/mL. Through the computational analysis, glyceryl monostearate, 2-palmitoylglycerol, phthalic acid, 2-chloropropyl ethyl ester, phthalic acid, 5-methylhex-2-yl ethyl ester, and l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate results as top ranked molecules and shown to be a promising compounds, which were evaluated for anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties against multi-target proteins. Based on the experimental results, L. variegata could be a valuable marine source for developing novel pharmaceutical applications.

Constructing New Collective Signature Schemes Base on Two Hard Problems Factoring and Discrete Logarithm

In network security, digital signatures are considered a basic component to developing digital authentication systems. These systems secure Internet transactions such as e-commerce, e-government, ebanking, and so on. Many digital signature schemes have been researched and published for this purpose. In this paper, we propose two new types of collective signature schemes, namely i) the collective signature for several signing groups and ii) the collective signature for several individual signings and several signing groups. And then we used two difficult problems factoring and discrete logarithm to construct these schemes. To create a combination of these two difficult problems we use the prime module p with a special structure: p = 2n +1. Schnorr's digital signature scheme is used to construct related basic schemes such as the single signature scheme, the collective signature scheme, and the group signature scheme. The proposed collective signature schemes are built from these basic schemes. The proposed signature scheme is easy to deploy on existing PKI systems. It can support PKIs in generating and providing a unique public key, a unique digital signature, and a unique digital certificate for a collective of many members. This is essential for many collective transactions on today's Internet.

Residual Division Graph of Lattice Modules

Let L be a multiplicative lattice and M be a lattice module over L. In this paper, we assign a graph to M called residual division graph RG(M) in which the element N ∈ M is a vertex if there exists 0M ≠ P ∈ M such that NP = 0M and two vertices N1, N2 are adjacent if N1N2 = 0M (where N1N2 = (N1 : IM)(N2 : IM)IM). It is proved that such a graph with the greatest element IM which does not belong to the vertex set is nonempty if and only if M is a prime lattice module. Also, we provide conditions such that RG(M) is isomorphic to a subgraph of Zariski topology graph ĢX(M) with respect to X.

A Novel Dual Output Comparator Based on Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors Second Generation Current Controlled Conveyor

Background: Current comparators are useful in many analog circuits and communication systems. With the increasing demand to integrate wearable health monitoring systems in telemedicine and biomedical applications that help in early detection of abnormal conditions in patients, comparator is one of its cores. Objective: Wearable and implantable medical devices work primarily on the signal acquisition and wireless transmission. In the signal acquisition, Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is the prime module. Conversion is done using the sampling process and samples are generated by comparing the input signal with the threshold level. For this purpose, comparator circuits are more preferable. This manuscript presents a novel dual output comparator design by using carbon nanotube field effect transistor second generation current controlled conveyor (CNCCCII). This CNCCCII is realized with the present- day technology called Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNFETs). Methods: The proposed comparator topology is designed with 32 nm CNFET technology files with a supply voltage of ±0.9 V using the Cadence Virtuoso simulator tool. The performance of the proposed design is tested using transient analysis, Montecarlo analysis, temperature sweep, and finally compared with the existing models. Results: The proposed comparator has the advantage of requiring a single CNCCCII with only one resistor and is preferable for monolithic IC fabrication. Conclusion: The proposed circuit implemented using CNFETs gives a substantial improvement in supply voltage requirement and less variation in output voltage levels over the existing technologies.