Primary Units Research Articles

Leather Businesses in Bengaluru-A Post pandemic Study

Leather goods such as footwear, bags belts and other accessories are in big demand among today’s population the craze for fashionable leather goods and accessories has only increased day by day.In Bangalore every shopping area has its stock of leather goods from handmade footwear to bags, jerkins, waistcoat belts and purses.This is one of the main businesses which involves mostly unskilled and semi skilled leather artisans.This leather craft making is mostly unorganized.The are many outlets in (retail) in Bangalore and to understand if this craft actually provided employment and income generation for the rural artisans were the often asked question. The study area chosen was Majestic and Avenue Streetin Bangalore. The sample size was 200 and 24 leather retail outlets were selected for simple random sampling.The research gap intends to explore whether these leather ancillary or primary manufacturing and retail outlets are actually employing jobless youth from the deprived classes and if so are they employed in the manufacturing primary units orlooking after sales in the retail leather units?What is the scope for the growth projection of the leather businesses in Karnataka given the major scarcities of labor and raw hides?The research methodology used was both primary and secondary data. The data collected data was analyzed using percentage method. The findings have indicated that all theretail outlets have employed majority youth from socially depressed classes with rural background with some of the collected samples being handicapped. Their earnings were100 Rs to Rs.200 rupees per day. In this leather business it has been noticed that the demand for raw hides has outstripped the supply though there is a huge demand for leather made handbag shoes footwear most of the time it is being seen due to the fast fluctuating markets and loss of buildings used for tanning and dyeing leather this industry has slowly started diminishing.never returnedThe leather industry has incurred huge losses especially in Bangalore as tough laws and the repeated incurrence of losses contributed in driving theworkers out of work and post pandemic since June 2022 they were there seen to be struggling with loss of work and loss of sustenance as Bangalore tanneries employed a huge migrant workforce who travelled back to their native statesduring the pandemic. The main law which gave a deathblow to leather businesses and tannery and tanning industries was the Karnataka Anti cow-Slaughter Legislation June2020.

خاندانی نظام میں ماتحت افرادکے حقوق سے متعلق اسلام اور مغرب کا تقابلی جائزہ

Family is the primary and basic unit of a society. Stronger the family, stronger the society; weaker the family, weaker the society. If incoherent, disorganized and lopsided is the institution of family, no power on earth can fill its void. This article highlights the comparative analysis of Islamic & Western dimensions of the family system. The perspective of family in Islam, its composition and importance is compared and contrasted with various family systems in the west. The family is in fact the part and parcel of the social order of Islam. The Islamic society is an ideological society based on the ethical and moral enlightenment and awareness.

Effect of Changing Primary Fixed Sheave Angle and Roller Weight on Torque, Power, Top Speed, and Acceleration on Matic Motorcycles

This study aimed to determine the effect of angle changes on the primary fixed sheave and roller mass on torque, acceleration, engine power, and top speed of automatic motorcycles. This type of research is experimental research. The subjects in this study were 125 cc automatic motorcycles modified at the angle of the primary fixed sheave and the mass of the rollers. The angles of change were 14.5˚, 13.5˚, and 12.5˚; while the change in roller mass was 14, 13, and 12 grams. The testing began with tuning up the motorbike, then installing the fixed sheave and roller primary units that have been modified to the CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) primary drive for further testing, and collecting the data using a dyno test tool. The results of this study show that: 1) Changes made to the primary drive pulley, especially to changes in the angle of the Primary fixed sheave and the weight or mass of the roller with the application simultaneously affect the torque, acceleration, engine power, and top speed of automatic motorbikes; 2) changing the angle of the primary fixed sheave (13.5˚) with the application of a roller weight of 13 grams can increase the maximum speed (top speed) by 0.4 (Kph) compared to the standard ones; 3) the increase in power and torque resulting from changes in the primary fixed sheave and the weight of the rollers applied at the same time do not significantly increase top speed and acceleration. Conversely, low power and torque do not necessarily reduce the top speed and acceleration of automatic motorcycles.

The role of the school principal in burnout and job satisfaction of secondary school teachers in Greece

This research aims to identify the role of school principals in burnout and job satisfaction of Greek teachers that are working in both primary and secondary education. The aim was covered through quantitative research with a structured and online distributed questionnaire used as the main research tool. The research participants were 155 schoolteachers coming from primary and secondary Greek school units. They were collected by using convenience sampling and the avalanche method. For the distribution of the questionnaire, the Google Forms platform was used, and for the statistical analysis. The main research results showed that transactional and transformational leadership are more implemented in Greek schools, than laissez-faire leadership style. Teachers’ levels of job burnout are positively affected by laissez-faire leadership and negatively affected by the two positive leadership styles. On the contrary, transformational, and transactional leadership has a positive impact on job satisfaction levels and a negative impact on teachers’ burnout.
 Keywords: Job satisfaction; laissez-faire leadership; teachers; transactional leadership; transformational leadership

Fabrication of multifunctional WO3.H2O flower-like micro/nanostructures for the oily wastewater treatment

A multifunctional flower-like WO3.H2O coated mesh with superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic properties was fabricated for oily wastewater treatment. The XRD and the FESEM analysis demonstrated the orthorhombic phase and flower-like structure of WO3.H2O. The AFM study confirmed the rough surface structure of the mesh. The mesh displayed outstanding superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic behavior. The special wettability of flower-like WO3.H2O mesh may be attributed to its intrinsic high surface energy and hierarchical flower-like rough structure. The mesh with the flower-like structure maintained its excellent underwater oil repellency even after many cycles of different mechanical tests. The consistency in underwater superoleophobicity of the flower-like WO3.H2O coated mesh in different pH and saline environments as well as in long-term storage tests demonstrates its excellent chemical and long-term durability. In addition to the separation of oil-water mixtures with lighter and heavier oils, the mesh can also be employed as a primary unit for emulsion separation. Moreover, the flower-like WO3.H2O coated mesh could also remove efficiently the organic contaminant by the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalytic activity. These excellent performances enable the mesh to be employed for sustainable oil-water separation in the practical field.

Multi-objective robust optimization of profit for a naphtha cracking furnace considering uncertainties in the feed composition

A cracking furnace is the primary unit of a naphtha cracking center (NCC) to produce ethylene (EL) and propylene (PL); the yields of EL and PL depend on the naphtha composition of the NCC feedstock. However, the naphtha composition typically fluctuates depending on the feedstock suppliers, and the consequent uncertainties in the composition causes investment risks associated with the net profit. However, owing to the high dimensional uncertainties of the naphtha, conventional sampling (e.g. Monte Carlo method) based robust optimization is infeasible option due to high computational cost. In this study, we adopt the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) to surrogate the system considering the uncertainty. Owing to the orthogonality of the PCE, the statistical moment of the PCE can be directly calculated without uncertainty sampling and iterative simulation. In this study, the PCE-based profit optimization model of the NCC furnace is developed as follows: Initially, we infer probability density functions (PDF) using industrial data to consider the uncertainty in the naphtha composition. Using the inferred PDF, we extract training dataset samples with coil outlet temperature (COT), product price, feed composition, and the net profit. Subsequently, using the training dataset, we develop a polynomial chaos expansion (PCE)-based surrogate model to predict the moments of the net profit, namely, the mean, variance, and skewness. Owing to the orthogonality of the model, the moments can be parameterized with only decision variables instead of computing the uncertainty. Finally, we incorporate the developed PCE-based model into a genetic algorithm to simultaneously optimize two conflicting objectives: maximizing the mean profit and minimizing the variance. The optimization results reveal the trade-off relationship between the mean profit and investment risk (variance and skewness) of the NCC process under feed uncertainty. Owing to the orthogonality, the optimal decision point can be provided with low computation time and high prediction accuracy compared with the sampling based optimization method. Considering the application of the proposed optimization model, we conduct case studies for two different scenarios of the product price. The optimal COTs for maximum mean profit with minimum variance of profit in the first and second scenarios range from 723 to 833 and 734 to 898 ℃, respectively. Therefore, the proposed model can quantitatively predict the mean profit with investment risk and help decision-makers select optimal operating conditions considering both the investment tendency and uncertainty in the naphtha composition.

Hospital Preparedness Assessment Instruments in Chemical Incidents: A systematic literature review

Background: Chemical incidents are among the most frequent technological disasters that have occurred frequently in recent years. Among the organizations operating in disaster response, hospitals, as the primary unit of care, play the greatest and most critical role. Hence, providing appropriate measures that lead to minimizing the effects of these events is raised as one of the health system's priorities, so this study was carried out with the aim of systematic review on hospital preparedness instruments in chemical incidents Methods: This systematic review was carried out according to the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines . In this aim, through December 2020, 6 electronic databases were searched in MEDLINE (PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase, and Cochrane) for the following key words: hospital, preparedness, chemical incidents, instrument. Results: Out of 7794 articles that were screened, 13 articles meet the inclusion criteria for entering the process of final analysis. Most studies were cross-sectional, two were cohort, and three studies were conducted by a qualitative method. The result showed that none of the evaluated checklists and tools included all dimensions required for an appropriate hospital preparedness evaluation in chemical incidents. Conclusion: Based on the results of this investigation, there is no comprehensive tool for assessing hospital preparedness in chemical incidents. The data of this survey can be employed as a guideline for policymakers and managers of medical centers for planning in dealing with chemical incidents.

PEMBERDAYAAN DAN PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS KELEMBAGAAN MASYARAKAT DESA MELALUI AGROWISATA BERBAHASA INGGRIS

Agribusiness utilizes inorganic waste that can be recycled to produce selling points such as basket bags from plastic waste and dolls from cloth waste. There is a superior product in this business unit, namely processed Jenitri seeds which are processed into handicrafts. Jenitri seeds are not only used as an ornamental tool. In certain beliefs, the work of Jenitri seeds is used as a worship tool and a medical device. Therefore, Jenitri seeds have a fairly high selling value compared to other handicrafts because of their various functions. Adiluhur Tourism Village is a village that is currently under development as a tourist spot with the name Kebumen English Tourism Village (KWIK) and is located in Adiluhur Village, Kec. Adimulyo, Kab. Kebumen. There are 3 business units that are superior and are still in the development stage, namely business units in the fields of tourism (agro-tourism), agriculture (agriculture), and handicrafts (agribusiness). Currently, the primary superior unit in Adiluhur Tourism Village is a business unit in the tourism sector. Agrotourism is managed by CV in collaboration with BUMDes (Village Owned Enterprise) Mulia Jaya. The tour featured in this unit is an introduction to several types of captive animals (various types of snakes, monitor lizards, sea urchins, iguanas, mongooses, Australian geckos, crocodiles, alligator fish, and many more) as well as a museum containing ancient agricultural tools (bronze spoon, harrows, sickles, hoes, nails, antique lamps, and many more). The potential that is being developed in this unit is outbound with the target visitor being Elementary Schools. Not only that, the agro-tourism manager plans to work with the BKSDA (Natural Resources Conservation Center) in caring for the animals in the unit.

Participation in community seniors' organizations and mental health among retired adults in urban China: The mediating role of interpersonal needs.

This study aimed to investigate the association between participation in community seniors' organizations (CSOs) and mental health among retired adults in urban China, and illustrate the causal mechanism. We collected data on participation from a community seniors' organization and mental health survey in Shenzhen City, China, in July 2022. The survey used a two-stage cluster sample design, based on administrative divisions as the primary sampling unit and communities as the second sampling unit, where retired adults were randomly sampled. The inclusion criteria were individuals >60 years old (the mandatory age for retirement in China) or women who retired early at the age of 45 years. We used three multivariable regression models to estimate the effects of participation in CSOs on mental health. Furthermore, we used structural equation models to examine the mediator of acquired interpersonal needs in the association between CSOs participation and mental health. The study examined the values of CSOs, generated explicitly for older adults and explained how participation in such organizations benefits retired adults' mental health. Mental health is defined in three dimensions: aggregate mental health, positive emotions, and negative emotions. The results show that constituting social networks with like-minded individuals and perceiving interpersonal needs are the two main benefits of CSOs on mental health. The retired individual who participated in CSOs with a higher level of diversity and frequency, joined specific types such as health- and study-related CSOs, could receive more interpersonal needs and were probably mentally healthier. The mediating mechanism of interpersonal needs associated with participation in mental health was significant. Besides, mental health is generally affected by physical health, sleep quality, and socioeconomic status. This study suggested that CSOs have expanded the social interaction channels of retired adults and affected their mental health by providing basic interpersonal needs such as inclusion, dominance, and affection. Among the types of CSOs, health and study organizations might enhance mental health most effectively, while semi-official organizations have no effect.

Iodine Concentration in Brazilian Drinking Water and Its Possible Contribution to Iodine Intake for Different Physiological Groups.

The objective is to analyze the concentration of iodine in Brazilian drinking water and its possible contribution to iodine intake for different groups. Water samples collected from primary healthcare units in eight locations distributed across all five macroregions of Brazil were analyzed. The quantification of iodine in the water samples was done by spectrophotometry (leuco crystal violet method). To classify the degree of iodine concentration, the recommendation of the Ministry of Health (China) was followed since Brazil lacks a classification standard. To verify the possible contribution of drinking water to iodine intake for different groups, the recommended water intake for each group according to the United States Institute of Medicine (2004) was considered. The percentage of iodine in drinking water and its contribution to iodine intake for different physiological groups were calculated based on the estimated average requirement (EAR) of iodine. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0 and Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) version 9.2. Significant differences were found between the maximum and minimum concentrations of iodine in water samples from the same location. In Pinhais (south region), the difference was 44.32 μg· L-1; in Viçosa (southeast region), it was 27.86 μg·L-1; in Rondonópolis (midwest region), it was 12.66 μg·L-1; in São Luís (northeast region), it was 11.82 μg·L-1; in Brasilian Federal District (midwest region), it was 10.98 μg·L-1; in Macaé (southeast region), it was 10.14 μg· L-1; in Palmas (north region), it was 4.22 μg·L-1; and in Vitória (southeast region), it was 1.69 μg·L-1. The maximum concentrations of iodine found in the drinking water of Pinhais and Viçosa can contribute more than 70.0% and 50.0%, respectively, to daily iodine intake for all groups. Monitoring the concentration of iodine in drinking water from different locations in each city or Federal District is a preventive measure against inadequate iodine intake and possible adverse changes in population health.

Primary Energy Factors for Electricity Production in Europe

The European Union (EU) has committed to supporting the United Nations’ efforts in line with the Paris Agreement for addressing climate change and has set ambitious targets to reduce primary energy consumption and emissions. Similar commitments have also been set by EU-27 member states. For this purpose, it is necessary to use a primary energy factor (PEF) for converting electricity use to primary energy units and for assessing energy conservation measures. Lower PEFs reflect efficiency improvements in power generation, an increased share of renewable energy sources in the fuel mix for electricity generation, and lower transmission and distribution losses. Over the past decades, there have been intensive efforts and notable progress in the EU-27 for increasing the use of renewables in the energy mix for electricity generation. However, the EU default PEF value for electricity was not regularly updated and remained at 2.5 for several years till it was finally recalculated at 2.1 in the 2018 recast of the Energy Efficiency Directive. This paper reviews different calculation options for estimating the PEF for electricity from official annual statistics, presents the historical evolution of the calculated conversion factors, and provides simple linear correlations for projecting the PEF values that can be used to facilitate more-realistic forward-looking calculations and assess national energy efficiency, climate change, or decarbonization plans in EU-27 member states. A more detailed analysis and case studies on the impacts of this work are illustrated for Greece and Poland.

Development of an improved solids-liquid separation reactor for floatable & settleable solids in DAF slurry of a slaughterhouse

The dissolved air flotation (DAF) is used widely for wastewater treatment as a primary treatment unit to remove suspended solids (SS) and oil & grease (O & G). However, the less studied part is the management of concentrated slurry from the DAF operation that exhibit both settling and floating nature. It is a common practise so far to further dewater the DAF slurry by decanting centrifuge. This study addresses the problems of dewatering the DAF slurry by developing a simple yet novel solid-liquid separation unit on a pilot scale and its implementation on a full-scale. The DAF slurry (SS:9100 ± 830 mg/L) contained settled and floating or suspended solids (SS) layers of 125 ± 9 and 130 ± 11 mL/L, respectively, and a distinct clear water zone of 744 ± 16 mL/L sandwiched between two. The solid-liquid separation was achieved using two reactors in series. In the first reactor, the settleable solids are separated and the overflow containing floatable suspended solids are taken to the second unit and clear water was recovered from the bottom of the reactor. The SS removal efficiency was ~95 % and the volume reduction of sluryy was 70 % at an overall hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 h. The rest of the thickened slurry has SS concentration of 32,174 to 33,866 mg/L indicating effective thickening. As a result of volume reduction, the operation time of decanting centrifuge was also reduced by 70 % and hence a total power saving of 77 to 117 kW/day (for slurry volume of 10 to 15 m3/day).

Part I: Significant reduction of lyophilization process times by using novel matrix based scaffolds

To improve the long-term stability of drugs with limited stability (e.g., biologicals such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody drug conjugates or peptides), some pharmaceuticals endure a lengthy and cost-intensive process called lyophilization. While the shelf life of lyophilized drugs may be prolonged compared to their liquid form, the drawbacks come in the form of intensified manufacturing, preparation, and dosing efforts. The use of glass vials as the primary container unit for lyophilized products hinders their complication-free, fast and flexible use, as they require a skilled healthcare professional and an aseptic environment in which to prepare them. The feasibility of substituting glass vials with novel container designs offering the complete transfer of the lyophilizate cake into modern administration devices, while reducing the economic footprint of the lyophilization process, was investigated. The lyophilization process of a monoclonal antibody solution was studied by assessing primary drying conditions, homogeneity of the drying process, and critical quality attributes after successful lyophilization. The creation of novel container designs utilized vacuum-forming to generate confined containers with removable bottoms and rapid prototyping, including subtractive and additive manufacturing methods, to generate porous 3D structures for drug housing. The novel container designs generated lyophilizates twice as fast and achieved a threefold faster reconstitution compared to their vial counterparts, without adaptation of the processing conditions. We conclude that the use of intermediate process containers offers significant relief for healthcare professionals in terms of reduced probability of handling errors, while drug manufacturers benefit from the accelerated processing times, increased batch homogeneity, and sustainability.

The Saudi Arabian national demographic and health survey, 2017: Study design and oral health-related influences

ObjectiveTo describe the study design, and the distal and proximal influences on oral health reported in the national demographic and health survey (DHS) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in 2017. MethodsThe 2017 KSA DHS used an innovative multistage stratified random-sampling technique to select the population sample by using primary health care centers’ (PHCs) catchment areas as the primary sampling unit. Over 45,000 household heads plus a family member were interviewed. A conceptual framework for distal and proximal oral health influences specific to the KSA was adapted based on the oral health surveillance model. Cross-tabulation and Chi-square tests were performed with consideration for sample weights to provide estimates representative for the KSA population. Frequencies and weighted percentages for each variable reflecting each construct were reported. ResultsThe total number of individuals included in the analysis was n = 55,511, ages ranging between 2 and > 65 years. Lack of dental care when needed was reported for 22.5 % of the population (males = 20.8 %/females = 24.7 %). Proportion of population from Central, West, East, South, and North regions who reported available dental care services when needed was 62.3 %, 58.0 %, 58.9 %, 62.3 %, and 60.1 %, respectively. PHCs were the most regular source for dental care (55.1 %). In total, 48.3 % visited the dentist at least once last year (males = 49.4 % /females = 46.8 %). Dental pain was the most common reason for last dental visit (69.0 %), while only 6.4 % reported visited the dentist for routine visit. Only 15.3 % reported brushing their teeth at least twice per day (males = 14.6 % /females = 16.4 %). ConclusionTwo major oral health influences previously reported to have a significant negative influence on oral health, namely, limited routine dental check-up visits and inadequate oral hygiene, were present among KSA residents. Further inferential study is needed to investigate such influence on oral health status within the KSA population.

Spatiotemporal Variation of Urban Plant Diversity and above Ground Biomass in Haikou, China.

Understanding the drivers of urban plant diversity (UPD) and above ground biomass (AGB) in urbanized areas is critical for urban ecosystem services and biodiversity protection. The relationships between UPD and AGB have been investigated simultaneously. However, the drivers of UPD and AGB have been explored independently in tropical coastal areas at different time points. To fill this gap, we conducted a remote sensing interpretation, field plant plot surveys, and compiled socioeconomic and urban greening management survey data. We conducted spatial analyses to investigate the relationships among UPD and socioeconomic variables across different primary and secondary urban functional units (UFUs) in the tropical urban ecosystems of the coastal city of Haikou, China. The primary UFUs with the highest AGB were the recreation and leisure districts in 2015 and 2021. In 2015, AGB was mainly correlated with the number of herb species in undeveloped land and the districts of industry, business, recreation, and leisure. In 2021, AGB was affected primarily by the frequency of fertilizing, maintenance, and watering. Our study found that the relationship between UPD and AGB varied across time and space in Haikou. The plant diversity and AGB's response to human activities and socioeconomics appear to have a time-lag effect. These results provide new insights in understanding how management decisions affect urban vegetation and could be used to guide future urban green space planning in Haikou.

Fiber/Yarn-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs): Fabrication Strategy, Structure, and Application.

With the demand of a sustainable, wearable, environmentally friendly energy source, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) were developed. TENG is a promising method to convert mechanical energy from motion into electrical energy. The combination of textile and TENG successfully enables wearable, self-driving electronics and sensor systems. As the primary unit of textiles, fiber and yarn become the focus of research in designing of textile-TENGs. In this review, we introduced the preparation, structure, and design strategy of fiber/yarn TENGs in recent research. We discussed the structure design and material selection of fiber/yarn TENGs according to the different functions it realizes. The fabrication strategy of fiber/yarn TENGs into textile-TENG are provided. Finally, we summarize the main applications of existing textile TENGs and give forward prospects for their subsequent development.

Validation of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) core sets for musculoskeletal conditions in a primary health care setting from physiotherapists’ perspective using the Delphi method

Purpose To analyze the possibilities of using ICF core sets for musculoskeletal conditions in primary care physiotherapy units of the Health Service of “Castilla y León” (Spain). Methods A three-round Delphi study was conducted by physiotherapists working in a primary care setting. The data obtained were linked to second-level ICF categories and their relevance was assessed by the participants. The most relevant categories were compared with those present in the existing ICF core sets for musculoskeletal conditions. Results Eighty-four physiotherapists participated in the survey. The consensus was reached for 45 ICF categories and 5 personal factors after the survey. Thirty-five of these categories were present in the Comprehensive Core Set for post-acute Musculoskeletal Conditions. In addition, 35 categories present in the core set were not considered relevant from the participants' perspective. Conclusions Physiotherapists mainly considered movement-related categories as relevant. The ICF core set for post-acute musculoskeletal conditions comprises many of these categories and can therefore be taken as a basis for the adoption of ICF in the clinical context. Relevance Primary care physiotherapists should be aware of the advantages of using ICF in their clinical settings. Implications for Rehabilitation This study shows which body functions and structures, activities and participation, environmental factors, and personal characteristics are relevant from primary care physiotherapists’ perspective assessing persons with musculoskeletal conditions. The Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Subacute Musculoskeletal Conditions includes most of the categories identified in this study, but they need to be refined to fully represent the primary care physiotherapists’ perspective. The results of this study support the use of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Subacute Musculoskeletal Conditions as a basis for operationalizing ICF in this clinical setting.

BLENDED LEARNING OF NUSANTARA DANCE TO AFFECT LEARNING DANCE PRACTICE IN THE PANDEMIC PERIOD

This research aims to design dance practice learning in the Sendratasik Education study program. Changes in the curriculum in response to the MBKM program will indirectly affect the learning process, where lecturers must develop their learning designs. This study followed up by designing a blended learning-based practice of Nusantara dance. Of course, this research is a step towards more effective learning for students of the Sendratasik Education Study Program who are heterogeneous in terms of their dancing abilities, also during the pandemic which has an impact on limiting face-to-face (offline). The research problem is focused on: How is the design of a valid Nusantara dance practice learning design in the Sendratasik Education Study Program, Department of Performing Arts, FSD UNM. The research step uses the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Insemination, and Evaluation) model, which in this research activity reaches the design stage. The results of the study: The design of learning design for the practice of Nusantara dance needed in the Sendratasik Education PS, Department of Performing Arts, FSD UNM, is a design that is following the learning objectives as implied in the learning outcomes (CPL) in the curriculum of the study program, that the practical ability, especially the practice of Nusantara dance, is limited to learning interests in primary and secondary education units. The learning design for the practice of Nusantara dance is based on the concept of the 10-stage Dick & Carey model, namely: identification of learning objectives for Nusantara dance, analysis of learning, identification of initial behavior and characteristics of students who are required to program, formulating learning objectives following CPL, developing criteria for reference test items that refer to three aspects (wiraga, wirama, wirasa), learning strategies are arranged according to the needs of MBKM, development of a selection of learning materials following the availability of human resources (competence of lecturers in the Department of Performing Arts), formative evaluation is carried out at the end of the middle of the semester, revision of learning is carried out by reflecting on the results formative evaluation, and summative evaluation carried out at the end of the semester

Analysis of Resource Use Efficiency Among Urban Sudano-Sahelian Dairy Farmers in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria

The study analyzes Resource Use Efficiency among Urban Sudano-sahelian Dairy Farmers in Maiduguri metropolis area of Borno State, Nigeria. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Two stage random sampling techniquewas used for the study. Ten herds were randomly selected from 1122 registered herds as primary sampling unit for the study. The second stage consisted of proportionate random sampling of 120 dairy farmers in the primary sampling unit. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyzethe socioeconomic characteristics and quantities of inputs and outputs of the dairy farmers. Stochastic frontier production function was employed to analyze the determinants of dairy production. The study concluded that production resources in small scale dairy farm such as feed and veterinary drugs/vaccines were inefficiently utilized, while labour and landwere over-utilized. The optimal use of resources in dairy production suggests quantities of inputs level under-utilized should be reduced to optimal level for increased dairy production

Implementation and utilization of Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) based membranes in wastewater treatment: A review

For the last two decades there has been momentous development in the Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) field. There are two major building blocks of MOFs that is the primary and secondary building units. The Primary Building Unit (PBU) is comprised of metal salts (transition series metals) and the Secondary Building Unit (SBU) consists of organic linkers. There has been extensive use of polymeric membranes in wastewater treatment but these membranes have major drawback which is fouling tendency. Modification of membranes by using MOFs can significantly offer a better performance for wastewater treatment with less fouling. This review paper will discuss specific class of MOFs called as Zeolite Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs). So far, more than 20,000 ZIFs have been developed and some of them has been utilised for the modification of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). This happens due to different factors, most of which are connected to features & uses of the MMM, such as diffusivity, Selectivity, pore size, and stability, and others which are linked to ZIFs–polymer interaction, including the existence of its interfacial defects and its influence on performance. ZIFs generally exhibit characteristics of enormous porosity, large specific surface area, tuneable pore-size, thermal stability and chemical in-activity which all favour anti-fouling tendency.