Fourth Grade Primary School Research Articles

The Mediator Effect of Reading Comprehension in the Relationship between Logical Reasoning and Word Problem Solving

Reading comprehension skill is seen as a predictor of word problem-solving performance, and the close relationship between reading comprehension and mathematical skills is accentuated. On the other hand, more research is needed as to determine how logical thinking and word problem solving are related to each other and to analyze the role of reading comprehension in this relationship. The aim of the study is to examine the role of reading comprehension in the relation between logical reasoning and word problem-solving in 158 fourth grade primary school students. The data were collected through the administration of logical reasoning, syllogistic reasoning, and reading comprehension tests, and word problems. In this research, which makes use of a predictive correlational research model, the regression analysis was used to test the direct and indirect relationships between word problem solving, logical reasoning, inference making, and reading comprehension skills. As a result of the research, the relationships between the variables were found to be positively significant. Besides, reading comprehension seems to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between logical reasoning and word problem-solving. The positive correlation between word problem solving and logical reasoning skills suggests that activities to improve word problem-solving performance should be supported by logical reasoning- and inference making-related activities. The fact that reading comprehension skills play a mediating role between these two performances reveals the importance of linguistic skills such as reading comprehension in the development of logical and mathematical thinking.

Analysis on the age of menarche and associated factors of Han, Zhuang and Yao nationality female students in Guangxi

Objective To explore age of menarche and associated factors of Han nationality, Zhuang nationality and Yao nation ality girl in Guangxi, and to provide reference for the development of adolescent health education in schools. Methods The 7-, 10- and 13-year-old girls of Han, Zhuang, Yao nationality were chosed from three counties of Guangxi, and height, weight and other physical indicators were measured for three consecutive years, and age of menarche was inquired. 448 cases of with compete data in the three consecutive years of monitoring. The influencing factors were investigated through questionnaire. Results Age of menarche of the whole sample was 11.83 (95% CI = 11.69—11.96) years old, and that of the Han, Zhuang, Yao nationality was 11.87 (95% CI =11.64-12.09), 11.44(95% CI = 11.25-11.64) and 12.42(95% CI = 12.14-12.70)years old respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). Height, sitting height, weight of menarche group in 12 and 13 years old were significantly higher those of the group without menarche ( P <0.05) . Logistic regression analysis primary sitting height, the chest circumference, intake of seafood, duration of sleep in the night and school exercise time were the primary factors for age at menarche ( P <0.01). Conclusion There are ethnic differences in age of menarche among girls in Guangxi, and it is related to sleep, physical activity and dietary structure. Puberty recated health education for girls might start at the fourth grade of primary school, focusing on the education of health life patten, balanced dietary habits, regularly routine, with the goal of growth and development promotion. 【摘要】 目的 探索广西汉族、壮族、瑶族女生月经初潮年龄的影响因素, 为开展学校青春期健康教育工作提供参考依 据。 方法 运用序列研究法, 在广西 3 县分别抽取汉族、壮族、瑶族 7, 10, 13 岁女生, 连续 3 年进行身髙、体重等体格指标 的测量, 并询问月经来潮情况, 最终选取 3 年连续监测的相同有效样本 448 例。使用生长发育影响因素调査表进行调査。 结果 女生的月经初潮半数年龄为 11.83(95% CI = 11.69~11.96) 岁, 汉族、壮族、瑶族依次为11.87(95% CI = 11.64~12.09)、11.44 (95% CI =11.25~11.64) 和 12.42 岁 (95% CI = 12.14~12.70), 差异有统计学意义 ( P <0.05)。12, 13 岁组月经已 来潮女生的身髙、坐髙、体重等均髙于未来潮组, 差异均有统计学意义 ( P 值均<0.05) 。二分类 Logistic 回归分析显示, 月经 初潮年龄的影响因素主要为坐髙、胸围、海产品的摄人、夜间睡眠时长和在校运动时间 ( P 值均<0.01)。 结论 广西女生月 经初潮半数年龄有民族差异, 与运动情况和膳食结构有关。应在小学四年级开始进行女生青春期健康教育, 可侧重于健康 生活模式的教育, 培养学生均衡的膳食习惯和作息的规律, 促进学生的健康生长。

Conocimientos y saberes de los profesores de primaria sobre la conquista de México: una exploración a través de la lectura de fuentes históricas

Este artículo tiene como propósito explorar a través de la lectura de fuentes históricas los conocimientos previos de los docentes de educación primaria ¿Qué genera en el docente el confrontar sus saberes con información que pueda cuestionar sus conceptos? Se aplicaron estrategias de introspección a un grupo de docentes de cuarto y sexto grado de educación primaria. La primera estrategia, Visualización de conceptos, permitió registrar gráficamente el saber inicial del maestro respecto al tema de la conquista de México y los conceptos a) conquista militar y b) conquista espiritual. La segunda, La proyección, consistió en la presentación de una selección de fragmentos sobre el mismo tema utilizando fuentes históricas con distintas versiones historiográficas. El ejercicio provocó un dialogo entre los profesores, donde se suscitaron comentarios altamente significativos sobre reconstruir y resignificar sus conceptos y modificar su labor docente para favorecer el aprendizaje de la historia en los niños.

Indicators of Reading Comprehension: Example of Narrative Text and Open Ended Question

Reading comprehension is a mental skill that requires establishing connections between the content of the text and the individual's prior knowledge. The purpose of the current study is to examine the reading comprehension levels of primary school fourth grade students based on their answers to open-ended questions about a narrative text in relation to different variables. The current study employing the descriptive survey model was conducted with the participation of 115 primary school fourth grade students from a city in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. An inventory consisted of 10 open-ended questions based on a narrative text was used to collect data. The level of reading comprehension of the students participating in the study was found to be in the stage of transition from the difficulty level to the instructional level and this level can be expressed as insufficient. Although the students' reading comprehension levels do not vary significantly according to the gender variable, girls' reading comprehension levels are higher than boys. Through open-ended questions, it is easy to observe how students structure their answers, how they manage the process of constructing the meaning of the text, and what they focus on in the text. In this way, strategy teaching and activity design can progress more concretely in order to improve students' meaning construction skills. In addition, it provides the teacher with a good opportunity to get acquainted with students whose understanding skills are at the instructional level, realize their approach to text and question, and provide individual support to the student. The results of the current study provide consistent and meaningful data for new research and educational practices in schools.

Contribution of using mobile application on botanical fieldwork in primary school

ABSTRACT The aim of the research is to examine the contribution of mobile application using in botanical fieldwork to the quality and durability of knowledge of the subject Nature and society compared to multimedia teaching in the fourth grade of primary school. The study involved 120 students, divided into two groups: control group, which taught on the principles of multimedia teaching with the help of digital herbarium and experimental group, which taught through botanical fieldwork, with the help of the mobile application PlantNet Plant Identification. A digital herbarium was placed on student’s computer at school (in the computer classroom) and at home, and a mobile application on every student’s mobile phone. Students studied and identified 30 plants, 13 forest and 17 cultivated plants. After the identification of the plants, the quality of students’ knowledge was examined by a post-test, while the durability of knowledge was examined by a re-test. The results of the research showed that using of the mobile application in botanical fieldwork contributed to the higher quality and durability of students’ knowledge compared to multimedia teaching at cognitive levels: analysis, evaluation and synthesis.

The Reconstructing of 4th Grade Primary Students’ Conception on the Concept Of Geometry using Puzzle Based Learning

Understanding the concept is the main basis for learning mathematics, especially at the level of primary education. Misunderstanding or misconception often occur within this level, one of them is the concept of a parallelogram. Students possess an understanding that a parallelogram, square, rectangle and rhombus are separate sets, while it is scientifically proven that square, rectangle and rhombus are special forms of parallelograms. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the misconception and conceptual change that occurred in fourth grade primary school students regarding the concept of parallelograms.The study utilized mixed method explanatory sequential strategy using a three tier test format conception. The test is used to determine the initial concept, final conception and conceptual change about the concept of parallelogram geometry. The result showed that the students' initial conception of the concept of parallelograms fell into the misconception category. After puzzle based learning was implemented, most students experienced a change in concept or conceptual change from misconception to scientific conception. Puzzle based learning can be an alternative learning model to correct students' misconceptions about the concept of parallelogram shapes.

Investigating the Amount of Attention Paid to Critical Thinking Skills in the Fourth Grade Primary School’s Social Teachings Textbook Authored in 2016 in Comparison to its 2002 Version

The stream of nurturing thinking individuals has been started since Socrates time and it has been so far atop of the education experts’ attentions. It seems that the period of education at school can be a proper opportunity for achieving this goal. Particularly, the textbooks’ contents provide a proper opportunity in accomplishing the thought-oriented educational objectives. Revising and updating the books’ contents in proportion to the daily increasing needs of the generations is inevitable and necessary. Thus, the evaluation of the old and new books is of a great importance in elaborating the success in meeting these goals. In the present study, the amount of attention paid to the critical thinking skills has been assessed in the fourth grade primary school’s social teachings textbooks authored in 2016 in comparison to its 2002 version based on the content analysis method and through taking advantage of a checklist made by the researcher according to Matthew Lipman’s critical thinking skills. Nine skills and their assessment indicators have been taken into account in the checklist from the perspective of Matthew Lipman. Based on the findings, the coefficient of engagement in social teachings textbook authored in 2002 is equal to 0.57 and the coefficient of engagement in the social teachings textbook authored in 2016 is equal to 1.18. So, paying attention to critical thinking is deemed favorable in the 2016 version of social teachings textbook (new edition). It is suggested that the contents of the other textbooks should also be evaluated so that they can be revised and rewritten, if needed.

Primary education students' experience of the expressiveness of authentic modes in Gregorian chant

Expressiveness of the church modes is reflected in their character and association of certain states with a specific mode or single Gregorian composition which possesses unique expressiveness. An important characteristic of Gregorian chant on the tonality level is diatonic singing based on scales without chromatics, using only one semitone in the tetrachord whose musical structure reflects the expressiveness of Gregorian chant. Such expressiveness achieves character specificities which each mode respectively reflects. Various modal material in the form of typical melodic shifts in a certain composition conditions the expressiveness of Gregorian music and influences the listening impression and assessment of individual Gregorian tunes. The goal of this work is to examine primary education students' experiences of the expressiveness of Gregorian modes and explore if today's auditory sense accustomed to two tonality genres, major and minor, recognises what has been stored in the heritage of Gregorian chant repertoire for centuries. The research was conducted in the school year 2018/2019 with students of first, second, third and fourth grade of primary school (N=100). The results have shown that first and second grade students express higher auditory sensibility in recognizing specific characteristic of authentic Gregorian modes. Third and fourth grade students are audibly less open and perceptive considering tonal character differences in the authentic Gregorian modes. Key words: Gregorian chant; modality; old church scales; students in primary education

OPINIONS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL FOURTH YEAR STUDENTS FOR CONSCIOUSNESS AND SAFE BENEFITS FROM THE INTERNET

Bu araştırmanın amacı internetten bilinçli ve güvenli faydalanmaya yönelik ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin görüşlerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya ilkokul dördüncü sınıfa devam eden 100 öğrenci katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan elde edilen veriler on sorudan oluşan anket ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri betimsel analiz tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğunun evinde internet bağlantısının olduğu ve internete cep telefonları ile kendi odalarında giriş yaptıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin internetten araştırma ve ders amaçlı faydalandıkları, bazı öğrencilerin internette yer alan her bilginin doğru olmadığına yönelik farkındalığa sahip oldukları, bazılarının ise bilgi sahibi olmadıkları ve bu konuda en çok ailelerinden yardım istedikleri tespit edilmiştir.

Developing Story Writing Skills with Fourth Grade Students' Mind Mapping Method

The aim of this study is to develop story-writing skills by using the mind map method of fourth grade primary school students. In this respect, the study was designed as a mixed-method research in which quantitative and qualitative research is used together. Quantitative dimension of the study pre-test the post-test was designed as qualitative dimension action study with semi-experimental model. The sample of the study is composed of three classes at the fourth-grade level of two equal state schools in Mentese district of Mugla province during the fall semester of 2016-2017 academic year. One of the three groups was chosen as the experimental group and two were selected as the control group. Studies have been made to experiment group; writing story with mind map method, to first control group; story-writing-work with homework, to second control group; the study was carried out in line with the Turkish Course curriculum. In the workshop carried out with experimental group, students were given a mind map study during 1 course, story maps and story writing studies during 1 course. The workshop lasted 10 weeks. In the workshop made with the first control group, students were asked to write stories by using the given subjects. No intervention was taken into the second control group. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the mind map method applied to the experiment group was more effective than other workshops.

Investigation of Primary School Students' Metacognitive Awareness and Decision-Making Skill

The purpose of this study is to determine the third and fourth grade primary school students’ metacognitive awareness and perception of their decision-making skill and the relationship between them. The study employed the relational survey model. The population of the study is comprised of the third and fourth grade primary school students attending at the state schools in the Marmaris province of the city of Muğla. The sample was randomly determined and included 143 students. As the data collection tools, “The Teacher Form to Determine Primary School Students’ Metacognitive Awareness” and “The Scale of Third and Fourth Grade Primary School Students’ Perception of Decision-Making Skill” were used. The findings have revealed that the primary school students’ metacognitive awareness and perception of their decision-making skill are high. It was concluded that the third and fourth grade primary school students’ metacognitive awareness and perception of decision-making skill do not differ significantly in terms of the gender and grade level variables. Moreover, a positive and weak correlation was found between the students’ metacognitive awareness and perception of decision-making skill and their metacognitive perception was found to predict their perception of decision-making skill. It can be argued that during the primary education, when teachers get students engaged in activities to develop their metacognitive awareness, their decision-making skill can also be developed.

The Effect of Interaction between Virtual Tour Presentation Type via Web and Orientation Style of Learner on Developing Self- Regulated Skills and Achievement among Primary Stage Pupils

هدف البحث الحالي إلى تقصى أثر التفاعل بين بين نمط تقديم الجولة الافتراضية عبر الويب وأسلوب توجيه المتعلم في تنمية مهارات التنظيم الذاتي للتعلم والتحصيل الدراسي لدى تلاميذ الصف الرابع الابتدائي. تم استخدام التصميم شبه التجريبي (2×2)؛ حيث تضمن التصميم التجريبي متغيرين مستقلين الأول؛ نمط تقديم الجولة الافتراضية الممارسة وله نوعان (حرة مقابل موجهه)، والثاني أسلوب توجيه المتعلم، وله نوعان (نص وصورة مقابل فيديو)، وجاء المتغير التابع ليتضمن مهارات التنظيم الذاتي والتحصيل المعرفي. تمثلت أدوات القياس للبحث فى مقياس التنظيم الذاتي واختبار تحصيلي. تکونت عينة البحث من (100) تلميذ وتلميذة من تلاميذ من الصف الرابع الابتدائي بإدارة شرق کفر الشيخ التعليمية تم توزيعهم على أربع مجموعات. وتم استخدام تحليل التباين ثنائي الاتجاه 2-Way ANOVA، ثم استخدام طريقة توکى Tukey’s Method (فى حالة المجموعات المتساوية العدد) للمقارنات البعدية في حالة وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا بين المجموعات. أوضحت النتائج أن الجولات الافتراضية الحرة کانت أفضل من الجولات الافتراضية الموجهة، وأن أسلوب التوجيه بالفيديو کان أفضل من التوجيه بالنص والصورة في تنمية مهارات التنظيم الذاتي والتحصيل لدى تلاميذ الصف الرابع في تعلم وحدة الجهاز الهضمي في مادة العلوم. کما توجد فروق دالة إحصائيا عند مستوى 0.05 بين متوسطات درجات تلاميذ المجموعات التجريبية في تنمية مهارات التنظيم الذاتي والتحصيل ترجع إلى التفاعل الثنائي بين بين نوع الجولة الافتراضية (مستقلة مقابل موجهة) وأسلوب توجيه المتعلم (نص وصورة مقابل فيديو) عبر الويب لتلاميذ الصف الرابع الابتدائي في وحدة الجهاز الهضمي في مقرر العلوم. This research investigated the effect of interaction between virtual tour presentation type and orientation style of learner via Web on developing self- regulated skills and achievement among primary school fourth graders pupils. A quasi-experimental 2x2 factorial design was employed. Independent variables were two types of virtual tour (independent virtual tour vs. guided virtual tour) and two orientation styles of learner with content (text-picture vs. video), the dependent variables were developing self- regulated skills and achievement. The Research included four experimental treatments via web: (independent virtual tour + text-picture orientation), (independent virtual tour + video orientation), (guided virtual tour + text-picture orientation), and (guided virtual tour + video orientation). The measure tools included scale card of self-regulation strategies of learning, and e- achievement test. The participants were 100 Pupils (males &females) selected from fourth grade, who were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Two Way Analysis of Variance (2-Way ANOVA), and Tukey’s Methods post hoc comparison were employed to analyze data. The results indicated that independent virtual tours were better than guided virtual tours, video orientation style were better than text-picture orientation on developing self- regulated skills and achievement among fourth graders in learning the Digestive System Unit in their science course .There were no significant differences at the 0.05 level between the mean scores of the four experimental groups' pupils in self-regulated skills and achievement which lies in the two ways interaction between the virtual tour type (independent vs. guided), and the learner orientation style (text-picture vs. video) via the web for primary school fourth grade pupils in the digestive system unit in the science course.

English

This study aims to examine the effects of some demographic variables on the social-emotional development, academic grit and subjective well-being of fourth-grade primary school students. The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 582 fourth grade primary school students. Data were collected using the Social-Emotional and Character Development Scale, the Academic Grit Scale, and the Subjective Well-Being in School Scale. It lasted around 30 min to answer the data collection tools. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 23 program. In this study, the levels of social-emotional development, academic grit and subjective well-being were higher in female students who received preschool education, and had a high frequency of daily book-reading. In addition, the multivariate main effects of students&rsquo; gender, pre-school education and frequency of daily book-reading were significant. Relevant trainings can be organized in cooperation with universities and school counselling services to raise awareness of both teachers and families about daily book-reading. This can have an impact on students&rsquo; academic grit, subjective well-being and social-emotional development. &nbsp; Key words: Primary school students, social-emotional development, academic grit, subjective well-being.

The Relationship Among Listening Comprehension And Factors Affecting Listening

Listening is a process during which what is spoken is heard and comprehended. There are many cognitive, affective and psychological factors that can affect this process. Anxiety, which is one of the psychological factors, is a distressing emotionarising from the individual and has a direct impact on listening comprehension skills. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship among elementary school students' listening comprehension skills, factors affecting listening. The research was designed and conducted within the framework of causal comparison method. The study group of the study consisted of 130 fourth grade primary school students. The listening comprehension test, listening anxiety scale and the form of other factors affecting listening, which were developed by the researchers and tested for validity and reliability in the scope of the research, were used as data collection tools. According to the results of the research; it was found that listening anxiety and other factors affecting listening processes negatively affect listening comprehension skills of students.It was found that the other factors affecting listening, along with listening anxiety reveal more than half of the variance in their listening comprehension skills.

The Effects of Literature Circles on Reading Fluency, Reading Comprehension and Reader Responses: A Mixed Method Study

The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of literature circles on reading comprehension and reading fluency and to reveal readers’ responses in this process. The model of the study was conducted in a mixed embedded experimental design. Literature circles method was applied in the quantitative dimension of the research, and reader responses to the books they read were revealed in the qualitative dimension Applications were carried out in two separate classes on the fourth grade of primary school one of which was the experimental group and the other was control group. Multiple choice reading comprehension test was used to determine the students’ reading comprehension and multidimensional fluency scale was used to evaluate reading fluency as data collection tools. Reader responses were reveaked through an open-ended questionnaire. In the study, it was conclueded that the literature circles method had positive effects in terms of reading comprehension. On the other hand, it hs been observed that the literature circles method has positive effects in terms of reading speed in the narrative and informative texts. According to the findings obtained from the reader responses to the books they read, it is understood that the answers of the students to the books they read were mostly reader-centered in the qualitative dimension of the research. From the first literature circle to the last literature circle application, it seen that the reader-centered responses increased and text-centered responses decreased in each literature circle during the research.

Environmental Perceptions of Primary School Fourth Grade Students

This study aims to identify environmental perceptions of primary school fourth grade students. The population of this study, which is designed as a descriptive survey model, consists of 97 male and 142 female 239 fourth grade students who are attending public primary schools in Kocaeli Province in the second term of 2018-2019 academic year. Data of research were evaluated by content analysis and descriptive analysis methods. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated by inter-rater reliability formula and Cohen’s Kappa Coefficient. According to the findings of the research, inter-rater reliability was high and acceptable in both statistics. Fourth grade students created 45 different and acceptable metaphors about the environment. These metaphors were analyzed in terms of their common features and were collected under 5 different conceptual categories. It was revealed that fourth grade students mostly referred to the environment with the metaphors of ‘Life’, ‘Home’, ‘Paradise’, and that students’ perceptions of the environment are related to a good world. The majority of students perceived the concept of ‘Environment’ as ‘Environment as Expression of Vitality’. As a result of research, in the process of teaching environmental issues, it can be said that emphasizing that ‘Environment as a Liveliness Expression’, factor of environment supporting the vitality can increase the rate of educational access on environmental issues.

The effectiveness of mental mapping strategy in developing historical concepts, visual thinking and some habits of mind among fourth grade primary school students

The effectiveness of mental mapping strategy in developing historical concepts, visual thinking and some habits of mind among fourth grade primary school students

Effect of Digital Writing Workshop Activities on Writing Motivation and Development of Story Writing Skills

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of digital writing workshop activities on fourth grade primary students’ story writing skills and writing motivation. The study was carried out in Ankara province during the 2017-2018 academic year. A true experimental design, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the study. The study group of the research consisted of a total of 30 students (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) studying in the fourth grade of primary school. The Motivation to Write Scale, the Story Elements Evaluation Scale, and the 6+1 Analytical Writing and Evaluation Scale were used as data collection tools for the study. The experimental implementation process lasted 14 weeks. During the implementation, students were asked to write stories using a different digital platform at each stage of the writing process. In the study, t-test for independent groups and ANOVA test were used for the data analysis. The SPSS software program was used for analysis of the data. The findings obtained in the study reveal that with regard to the use of story elements by students who participated in the digital writing workshop implementation and in the dimensions of ideas, organisation, word choice, sentence fluency and spelling in their stories, there was a significant difference in favour of the experimental group. This situation reveals that the digital writing workshop implementation was effective for the improvement of the students’ story writing skills. However, it was determined that there was a significant decrease in the writing motivation scores of the experimental group students who participated in the digital writing workshop, whereas there was no significant change in the writing motivation scores of the students in the control group. This situation reveals that, contrary to expectations, the digital writing workshop activities decreased the students’ writing motivation.

استخدام تطبیقات الآیباد (iPad) وفاعلیتها فی تنمیة المفاهیم الهندسیة لدى تلمیذات المرحلة الابتدائیة بالمملکة العربیة السعودیة

المستخلص: هدف البحث إلى التعرف على فاعلية استخدام تطبيقات الآيباد (iPad) في تنمية المفاهيم الهندسية ومهارات التفکير البصري لدى تلميذات المرحلة الابتدائية بالمملکة العربية السعودية ، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف استخدمت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي ذو التصميم شبه التجريبي ، حيث قامت الباحثة بتطبيق مواد وأدوات البحث المکونة من دليل المعلمة لاستخدام تطبيقات الآيباد (iPad) على الوحدة المختارة من کتاب التلميذة لمادة الرياضيات للصف الرابع الابتدائي وبناء الاختبار التحصيلي للمفاهيم الهندسية ومهارات التفکير البصري وتطبيقه على عينة البحث المکونة من (60) تلميذة، مقسمة إلى مجموعتين، إحداهما تجريبية عددها (30) تلميذة درست الوحدة باستخدام تطبيقات الآيباد ، والأخرى مجموعة ضابطة عددها (30) تلميذة درست نفس الوحدة بالطريقة التقليدية في التعليم، وقد أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05≥α) بين متوسطي درجات تلميذات المجموعة الضابطة والمجموعة التجريبية في القياس البعدي للاختبار المفاهيم الهندسية ککل لصالح تلميذات المجموعة التجريبية، وأيضا في القياس البعدي للاختبار مهارات التفکير البصري ککل لصالح تلميذات المجموعة التجريبية، وفي ضوء نتائج البحث أوصت الباحثة بعدة توصيات؛ من أهمها توفير أجهزة الآيباد في المدارس للمعلمات؛ من أجل تحسين ممارسات التدريس بالمرحلة الابتدائية والابتعاد عن الطرق التقليدية، وعمل دورات تدريبية وورش عمل بشکل مکثف للمعلمات؛ لتدريبهن على استخدام تطبيقات الآيباد في التعليم. Abstract The research aimed to identify the he effectiveness of using the iPad applications in developing geometrical concepts and visual thinking skills among primary school pupils in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the experimental approach with semi-experimental design, where the researcher applied the research materials and tools consisting of the teacher’s guide to using the iPad applications on the unit selected from the student’s book for mathematics for the fourth grade of primary school, building the achievement test of engineering concepts and visual thinking skills applying it to the research sample consisting of (60) students divided into two groups, the experimental that contained (30) where they have studied the unit using the iPad, and the other one is the control which contained of another (30) students in which they have studied the unit conventionally. Results showed that there are statistical significance variation at significance level of (α≤0.05) between the mean scores of female pupils of the control group and the experimental group in the post-measurement for testing of engineering concepts in favor of the experimental group pupils, and also in the post-measurement of visual thinking skills to the favor or experimental group pupils. In light of the research results, the researcher concluded some recommendations; among of which is to provide iPads in schools for female teachers; as to improve the primary schools teaching practices and avoid the conventional methods, conduct intensive training courses and workshops for teachers to orient them in using the iPad applications in education.

Primary School Students’ Attitudes towards Science

&lt;p&gt;This study aims to find out the attitude levels of the fourth grade primary school students towards science and to examine these attitudes according to some variables. The study is designed in descriptive survey model to reveal the present situation. The data were collected through Attitude towards Science Scale, a three-point Likert scale developed by the researchers. A total of 562 students participated in the study. The findings of the study demonstrate that the students' attitudes towards science, which are based on two dimensions including scientific discovery and scientific curiosity, are positive. The students' attitudes towards science do not differ statistically according to their gender. However, their attitudes towards science show statistically significant differences according to whether the students follow a scientific magazine or not, whether they study at a public or private school, whether their mothers are a teacher or not and the educational level of their parents. It is believed that the results will contribute to raising generations with positive attitudes towards science.&lt;/p&gt;