Primary Lipid Peroxidation Products Research Articles

The effect of nettle extract on antioxidant defense system in piglets after weaning

Background. The effect of common nettle (Urtica dioica L.) extracts on the free radical processes and antioxidant system in piglets during the critical period of weaning from sows has been studied. Materials and Methods. Large white piglets were divided into 2 groups (control and experimental), 9 animals in each. Piglets of the experimental group from 14 days of age and before weaning received the standard diet and the nettle extract in the dose of 6 mg/kg of body weight for 22 days. The blood, as well as erythrocyte hemolysates and plasma of piglets obtained at 14, 36, and 42 days of age, were studied. Results. Our results have shown that weaning causes an oxidative stress in piglets. This state leads to an increase in the concentration of metabolites of free radical damage to protein molecules – carbonyl groups of proteins on the first day and primary products of lipid peroxidation on the seventh day after weaning. This activation of oxidative damage occurs in piglets against the background of a physiologically immature antioxidant system and is characterized by a decrease in the activity of the enzymatic chain – superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, as well as the concentration of its non-enzymatic antioxidant – reduced glutathione. Feeding piglets with nettle extract leads to activation of the antioxidant defense system in erythrocytes (higher activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and an increased reduced glutathione level compared to the control values) and a decrease in the concentration of oxidative damage products in the plasma (the content of lipid hydroperoxides, TBA-active products and carbonyl groups of proteins). Conclusion. The positive effect of nettle extract on the inhibition of free radical processes and activation of antioxidant systems indicates that this extract can be added to the standard diet of young animals to increase stress resistance and adaptability of their organism in critical periods of ontogenesis.

Long-term consequences of acute toxic prenatal hypoxia induced by sodium nitrite in rat experiments

Introduction. Gestational hypoxia plays an important role in fetal development, as it causes the development of oxidative stress and delayed psychomotor development. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prenatal effect of sodium nitrite on indices characterizing orienting and exploratory activity, mental activity and the degree of hypoxia in rat offspring. Materials and methods. Acute hypoxia was modeled by administration of sodium nitrite at a dose of 30 mg/kg intramuscularly to five pregnant rats during 16–19 days of gestation. Five females constituted a control group. In 50 born rats, orientation and exploration activity, cognitive functions, intensity of lipid peroxidation and glycolysis were studied. Results. The offspring of females that underwent acute hypoxia significantly lagged behind in the positive dynamics of body weight gain compared to control individuals. Thirty-day-old rats showed a pronounced disorder of the structure of behavioral pattern, learning process and long-term memory, increased content of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde and the level of lactate dehydrogenase activity in blood. Discussion. It was found that offspring whose mothers suffered acute hypoxia of toxic genesis developed pronounced behavioral disorders of psychomotor agitation and cognitive dysfunction characterized by decreased learning ability and impaired long-term memory. The content of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation and lactate dehydrogenase was increased in rats. The development of cellular oxidative stress under conditions of intrauterine hypoxia leads to oxygen deficiency in the fetus and a switch from tissue respiration to glycolysis, which underlies CNS damage. Conclusion. It was shown that sodium nitrite administration during the period from the 16th to the 19th day of gestation caused hyperactivity, depressed emotional status, and decreased orienting and exploratory activity and the ability to learn and retain a memory trace in rat offspring. Increased levels of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase activity were observed in rats.

Effect of different amino acid solutions on the oxidative stability of three different lipid emulsions in all-in-one admixtures.

Lipid peroxidation in parenteral nutrition mixtures is still a challenge. We aimed to evaluate the effect of two different amino acid solutions used in different clinical situations on lipid peroxidation of three different lipid emulsions (Intralipid, ClinOleic, and SMOFlipid) in all-in-one admixtures during 24 h of simulated infusion. The selected amino acid solutions included one used in stable patients and one used in renal insufficiency (Aminomel10E and Nephrotect, respectively). Eighteen all-in-one admixtures were prepared. The simulated infusion with light protection was conducted straight after the preparation for 24 h at room temperature. The lipid peroxidation process was evaluated in all-in-one admixtures and the original lipid emulsion by determining the malondialdehyde levels (high-performance liquid chromatography) and conjugated dienes and trienes (ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry). Malondialdehyde in the original packaging was lower in SMOFlipid (9 µM) compared with Intralipid (27 µM, P = 0.0003) and ClinOleic (25 µM, P = 0.0001). During simulated infusion, ClinOleic showed a significantly lower rate of lipid peroxidation (26% decrease in aldehyde levels) in comparison with Intralipid and SMOFlipid (up to 39% and 31% increase in aldehyde levels, respectively) when the admixture was based on Aminomel10E. In admixtures based on Nephrotect, ClinOleic, and SMOFlipid showed better oxidative stability in comparison with Intralipid. Admixtures based on Nephrotect and Intralipid had higher levels of primary lipid peroxidation products than those based on ClinOleic (P = 0.030) or SMOFlipid (P = 0.071, not significant). Amino acid solutions influence the rate of lipid peroxidation. The observation should be confirmed in larger studies with different amino acid solutions.

Integral assessment of non-specific lipid peroxidation reactions blood in adolescent girls of the Siberian ethnos

BACKGROUND: Integral parameters, in particular, the oxidative stress coefficient are informative and can be used both for evaluation of pathological conditions and compensatory-adaptive reactions of the organism.
 AIM: To investigate an integral coefficient the activity of nonspecific reactions of lipid peroxidation in adolescent girls of the Buryat, Evenki and Tofalar ethnic groups, as compared to the non-indigenous ethnic groups, by applying.
 METHODS: Total 190 adolescent girls (Buryats, Evenki and Tofalar, and nonindigenous population (for example of Russians)) living in the Irkutsk region were the objects of research. The survey was carried out in expeditionary conditions, in the territories of compact residence of ethnic groups. To calculate the integral coefficient (oxidative stress coefficient), spectrophotometry and fluorometry methods we implemented. The individual indicators: primary, secondary, and final products of lipid peroxidation as well as antioxidant defense components were measured.
 RESULTS: According to the obtained data, a lower content of diene conjugates (DC) (p 0.0001), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (KD and СT) (p=0.0003), -tocopherol (p 0.0001) with elevated levels of TBA-active products (p=0.0074) and superoxide dismutase activity (p=0.0008) in the Buryat ethnic girls group relative to similar parameters of girls in the non-ingenious population was observed. Girls of Tofalar ethnic group had higher values of DC (p=0.0009), with reduced values of KD and CT (p=0.0044) compared to the non-indigenous population. There were no differences among girls of the Evenk ethnic group relative to Russians. An integrative analysis of the state of nonspecific lipid peroxidation reactions using the coefficient showed no significant differences between the studied groups.
 CONCLUSION: The conducted study demonstrates certain changes in the lipid peroxidationantioxidant defence system, in the absence of changes in the total indicator among girls representing Siberian ethnic groups and the Russian population living next to them, which can be the basis for subsequent monitoring of their health status.

Clinic, morphology and echography of acute postpartum metritis in cows at a high-tech dairy enterprise

Purpose: to establish the reliability of diagnostic markers and determine a change in the metabolic status in Novostic sick cows with acute purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the uterus.Materials and methods. Under the supervision were 2758 lactating cows. The clinical diagnosis of purulent-cataral metritis at the first-and-and-out cows in the early postpartum period was carried out as part of the obstetric and gynecological dispensation. Samples of blood for hematological studies were selected from cows before the morning meal, when confirming the diagnosis, acute purulent-catarrhal methy (n = 15), it was possible to study the “acid-abbreal state” systems (braids) and “lipid oxidation-antioxidant protection” (gender ”(gender -Aoz). During the analysis, the voltage in the blood of oxygen, carbon dioxide, buffer of blood, primary products of lipid peroxidation - the estimate was carried out according to the concentration of cdist and recreation center, isolated double bonds and ketodene. In the diagnosis of acute purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the former engraving horn of the uterus, from the 3rd to 10th day after the hotel at the Novotniki cows, which degree of the cervix was covered and the excudate is allocated from the genitals.Results. Acute inflammation of the uterus on the 9th ... 14th day after calving on echograms has a more pronounced cavity, which is increased by 1.72 times in comparison with echograms obtained from clinically healthy animals of the same study period, and the thickness of the uterine wall is increased by 1.71 times than in healthy animals and averaged 28.2 ± 0.6 mm. On echograms of the uterus, when scanning a sick animal with acute postpartum metritis, the cavity is identified with a diameter of 67.8 ± 4.6 mm, filled with purulent-catarrhal exudate with echopositive inclusions of medium and high density. In the field of view of the microscope on histopreparations, we clearly record the peeling of the epithelium by layers. Cellular infiltration of the endometrial and myometrial lamina is expressed. There are many plasma cells among the infiltrate cells. The mesothelium is preserved. Laboratory studies of blood samples obtained from sick cows revealed a shift in the content of buffer bases to 18.41 ± 1.53 mmol /l, a decrease to 2.25 ± 0.16 mmol / l of glucose, which indicates deviations in the daily metabolism characteristic of metabolic disorders with symptoms of metritis on the 5th ... 10th day after calving. In case of cow disease with acute purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the former gravid horn of the uterus, an increase of 2.24 times in the amount of malondialdehyde, 1.75 times in the intermediate products of ketodienes, as well as conjugated trienes in the blood plasma of new-bodied animals was confirmed. At the beginning of lactation, in the first ten days of the postpartum period, there is a decrease in the level of total protein and the fraction of γ - globulins in sick animals with acute purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the uterus, which is compensated by high stabilization of the processes of formation and elimination of medium circulating immune complexes with high affinity of antibodies.

Nanocrystalline Cerium Dioxide Affects Erythrocyte Membrane State Under Blood Hypothermic Storage

Here, we have studied the impact of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide (NCD) particles on erythrocyte membrane state in a model of hypothermic storage of blood samples by examining the content of lipid peroxidation (LPO) primary products and hematological indices (free and total hemoglobin, hematocrit and hemolysis levels). After hypothermic storage of blood samples within 5 weeks, no significant difference in hematological indices between the control and experimental groups was revealed. In 2 weeks of hypothermic storage, the cells from experimental group in NCD presence showed an increased content of mainly those primary LPO products, which precursors were polyunsaturated fatty acids with two double bonds (conjugated dienes and oxidienes), thereby indicating the free radical processes activation. Four weeks’ storage demonstrated significantly decreased content of all primary LPO products in the experimental group cells in contrast to the control group. To the final step of the study (5 weeks of storage), the content of all primary LPO products in experimental and control groups was similar, that was an evidence of the ability of NCD particles to affect the erythrocyte membrane as well change the LPO intensity depending on storage period.

Study of parameters of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in rats treated with cadmium nitrate with biocorrection by infusion of Beta vulgaris seeds

Recently, interest in natural antioxidants and their use in the food industry has increased. In addition to ensuring maximum safety of the produced product, they also serve as an antioxidant shield for the entire living organism. Plant extracts contain flavonoid compounds that have an antioxidant effect. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to study the antioxidant properties of infusion of Beta vulgaris’s seeds, to establish the relationship between acute and subacute inoculation of rats with cadmium nitrate and oxidative stress. For this experimental study, we used 50 male rats. The animals were exposed to Cd nitrate, with an initial weight of 180 ± 30 g. The first groups of rats were injected with cadmium nitrate at a dose of 0.1 g/L inter peritoneal, the second groups received a 0.01% solution of cadmium nitrate 1 ml 5 days a week, orally for 10 and 24 days. The state of oxidative metabolism in the blood was investigated. To assess the state of oxidative metabolism in the blood, the primary, secondary and end products of lipid peroxidation were determined, such as diene conjugates (DC), cetodiene (CD), malondialdehyde (MDA), Schiff bases (SHB), and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP), catalase (CAT), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzymes were evaluated by the parameters of antioxidant protection. The mean ± SEM values were calculated for each group to determine the significance of the intergroup difference. Each parameter was analyzed separately using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. To determine the difference between groups, Student’s “t”-test was used. Studies have shown that with the use of cadmium in the blood of experimental animals, there is a violation of catabolits of lipoperoxidation, depending on the length of the days of poisoning, but a significant decrease in the biocorrection of Beta vulgaris’s seeds. Because of in this study, we found that the activity levels of antioxidant defense enzymes were significantly increased in the blood of experimental animals, which biocorrected with beetroot seed infusion. In conclusion, our study allows us to state that the use infusion of Beta vulgaris’s seeds in subacute and acute experiments with poisoning of experimental rats with cadmium nitrate as an antioxidant protective effect.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Coxibs and their Compositions with Caffeine on the Level of Conjugated Dienes in the Formalin-Induced Edema Model

The development of novel pharmaceutical compositions, which are effective in the treatment of different inflammatory diseases and have a minimum number of side effects is very relevant. The aim of the present study was biochemical confirmation of anti-inflammatory activity of new pharmaceutical compositions comprising coxibs and caffeine. The level of conjugated dienes as primary products of lipid peroxidation has been evaluated in the plasma of rats at the acute inflammation caused by formalin. The white male rats of WAG line were used. The content of conjugated dienes was determined by spectrophotometric method. It was shown that combinations of caffeine and coxibs showed statistical significant decrease in the content of conjugated dienes in the rats’ blood plasma. Caffeine enriched anti-inflammatory action of coxibs effectively.

ODP389 Lipid Peroxidation System Reactivity in Adolescents During Constitutional Obesity Non-drug Therapy

Abstract Background In recent years, there has been a worldwide trend toward preventing and controlling childhood obesity by non-drug therapy. The success of this trend largely depends on better understanding the various metabolic and regulatory systems functions. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) - antioxidant defense (AOD) nonspecific system reactivity should be of special attention. The aim of the study was to reveal the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense parameters changes in different sex's adolescents during constitutional obesity non-drug therapy. Materials and methods Adolescents of 12-17 years old with constitutional obesity (CO) (22 boys and 24 girls) before and after constitutional obesity non-drug therapy were examined. The therapy included routine recommendations for food consumption modification, motivational education in the School of Rational Eating, a steady diet, a low-calorie diet, aerobic physical exercises (running track), impulse physiotherapy on the rectus abdominis. Healthy teenager's data (20 boys and 16 girls) were used as a control. We analyzed the content of LPO products - diene conjugates (DC), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (KD and CT), TBA-active products and AOD factors activity: total antioxidant activity (TAA), α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. Results The boys with CO had decreased values of primary LPO products – DC (by 1.35 times lower, p=0. 001) and AOD factors: TAA (by 1.16 times lower, p=0. 036) and SOD activity (by 1.49 times lower, p<0. 0001), against the increased background values of secondary products - KD and CT (by 1.42 times higher, p=0. 046) in comparison with control results. Boys with CO therapy did not lead to normalization of the studied parameters. The girls with CO had decreased values of TAA values (by 1.4 times lower, p=0. 0001), SOD (by 1.42 times lower, p<0. 0001) and α-tocopherol (by 1.33 times lower, p=0. 012) compared to the control group. After the course of therapy, there was an increase in GSSG levels (by 1.14 times higher, p=0. 029). Conclusions This study showed the presence of negative changes in the pro- and antioxidant status in adolescents with CO, which did not normalize after a course of non-drug therapy. Additional pharmacological correction by prescription of antioxidant drugs becomes relevant in addition to the course of non-drug therapy. Presentation: No date and time listed

Changes of Lipid Peroxidation after Administration of Nanomodified Resuspending Solution into Donor Red Blood Cells

The problem of increasing the functional activity preservation of red blood cells is priority for the Blood Service and clinical transfusiology. Taking into account the previously discovered unique properties of magnetite nanoparticles, namely: nonspecific modulation of metabolic processes, strengthening of adaptive mechanisms of cellular organelles, acceleration of reparative processes at the level of membranes and macromolecules, for the first time an attempt was made to use the upgraded saline solution of sodium chloride (nanotechnologically upgraded solution - NUS) as a resuspending of erythrocyte-containing components (ECC). Objective: to improve the preservation of red blood cells containing donor blood components using NUS for resuspending. To achieve this goal, the first stage of the study examined the effect of a new resuspending solution (NUS) on lipoperoxidation, catalase activity, and red blood cell peroxidation resistance in donor blood components containing red blood cells. Object of Research: red blood cells from preservation blood of donors, which are intended for component transfusion therapy. As a result of the study, the advantages of using NUS were established, namely: a significant decrease in the levels of primary and secondary lipid peroxidation products in the first 15 days of observation, an increase in catalase activity and resistance of red blood cells to peroxidation in the first stages of the study, inhibition of the shear reaction with neutral lipid peroxidation in the late stages of observation.

Effect of a novel thiazole derivative and its complexes with polymeric carriers on the processes of lipid peroxidation in lymphoma cells

Background. Many types of tumors are sensitive to changes in prooxidant-antioxidant balance. Thus, further studies on reactive oxygen species inducing antitumor drugs that generate oxidative stress-dependent cytotoxic effects are promising. Our previous works showed that thiazole derivatives in combination with polymeric carriers have a pronounced cytotoxic effect on tumor, while not being cytotoxic against pseudo-normal cells in vitro. It was found that thiazole derivatives in complex with PEG-based polymeric carriers affected the antioxidant system of lymphoma cells in vitro. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro effect of the complex of thiazole derivative N-(5-benzyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide (BF1) in combination with polymeric carriers poly(VEP-co-GMA)-graft-mPEG (Th1), poly(PEGMA) (Th3) and poly(PEGMA-co-DMM) (Th5) on the level of lipid peroxidation products in NK/Ly cells. Materials and Methods. The experiments were conducted on white wild-type male mice with a grafted NK/Ly lymphoma. Ascites tumor cells were inoculated into mice intraperitoneally. Abdominal drainage with ascites of anesthetized mice was performed with a sterile syringe on the 7th–10th days after inoculation. Investigated compounds BF1, polymeric carriers Th1, Th3, Th5 and combination of BF1 + Th1 (Th2), BF1 + Th3 (Th4) and BF1 + Th5 (Th6) at a final concentration of 10 μM were added to the lymphoma samples and incubated for 10 minutes. The level of lipid peroxidation products, such as lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-positive products) were determined according to the techniques described below. Results. All applied complexes based on thiazole derivative BF1 and PEG-based polymeric carriers at a concentration of 10 μM increased the activity of lipid hydroperoxi­des in the lymphoma cells by 29–36% compared to control. Complexes Th2 and Th6 increased the significance of BF1 influence on lymphoma cells from P <0.05 to P <0.01. Among all of the studied complexes, Th4 and Th6 significantly increased the level of TBA-positive products, while Th2 and BF1 did not change the content of the secondary products of lipid peroxidation. None of the unconjugated polymeric carriers affected the level of lipid peroxidation products. Conclusions. Thus, based on the results of this work, thiazole derivative BF1 in complex with polymeric carriers increases the level of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation in lymphoma cells. Polymeric carriers enhanced the effect of thiazole derivative on the studied parameters, so complexes of thiazole derivatives and PEG-containing polymeric carriers should be taken into consideration and further investigated as potential antitumor agents.

Increased Markers of Oxidative Stress and Positive Correlation Low-Grade Inflammation with Positive Symptoms in the First Episode of Schizophrenia in Drug-Naïve Patients.

Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic mental illness usually diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. Many studies indicate that oxidative stress causes membrane dysfunction and cell damage, which is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The purpose of our study was to evaluate oxidative stress markers (the main primary products of lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and end products of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP)) in the plasma of patients with the first episode of schizophrenia in drug-naïve patients (22 men and 12 women aged 17–29). The control group (Ctrl) comprised 26 healthy subjects (19 men and 7 women, aged 18–30 years). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to evaluate psychotic symptoms. Analyses of the oxidative stress variables revealed an increased level of SOD (U/mL) in subjects with schizophrenia versus control group. In addition, lipid damage measured as LOOHs µ (mol/L) and MDA was significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia in comparison to control subjects. There was a positive correlation between MDA µmol/L and PANSS P and a positive correlation between C-reactive protein (CRP) and the PANSS P scale. The elevated level of superoxide dismutase in patients with the first episode of schizophrenia can be explained by compensatory mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde can be used as a simple biomarker of low-grade systemic inflammation associated with oxidative stress. A positive correlation between CRP and PANSS P scale and MDA and PANSS P scale may indicate a significant relationship between the development of low-grade inflammation and damage associated with oxidative stress in the development of the first symptoms of schizophrenia.

Oxidative Stress Index Levels in Asian Adolescents with Exogenous-Constitutional Obesity

The aim of this research was to evaluate the integral oxidative stress index (OSI) level in Asian girls and boys with exogenous-constitutional obesity. Methods and Results: A total of 170 Asian adolescents aged 12-18 years were examined: 26 girls and 28 boys with constitutional obesity (main group, MG); 59 girls and 57 boys - healthy adolescents (control group, CG). The levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and antioxidant defense (AOD) parameters were detected using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. The level of LPO products and AOD components in the studied groups were assessed to calculate the integral OSI. Significant increases in the levels of primary LPO products (conjugated dienes by 2.18 times) and secondary LPO products (ketodienes and conjugated trienes by 2.48 times) in the obese Asian girls, compared with the control values, were observed. We found a significant decrease in the parameters of the AOD system in the obese Asian girls, compared with the control values: α-tocopherol (by 1.41 times; P=0.0262), retinol (by 1.12 times; P=0.0306), and SOD activity (by 1.28 times; P=0.0004). In the obese Asian boys, increased values of LPO components were found, compared to controls: conjugated dienes (by 2.13 times), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (by 3.4 times), final thiobarbituric acid reactants of LPO (by 1.24 times). They showed a statistically significant decrease in the level of α-tocopherol (by 1.49 times), compared with the control values. According to the obtained data, OSI in the group of Asian girls with obesity was 15.68 units, in the group of Asian boys with obesity - 22.89 units. The OSI in the group of Asian boys was higher (by 1.46 times) than in the obese girls. Conclusion: Certain OSI levels are consistent with the presence of antioxidant insufficiency in exogenous-constitutional obesity and allow us to specify and evaluate the ethnic aspect of the severity of the pathological process more reliably.

Prospective study of the cytokine profile and antioxidant status of patients with pyoderma

Background. The importance of studying the pathogenetic features of pyoderma associated with Streptococcus pyogenes is associated with the severity of the course of the disease, frequent relapses with a short inter-relapse period, and long-term disability.The severity of the course, long-term disability, violations of the pro-oxidate mechanisms recorded in patients with poidermias associated with Streptococcus pyogenes are priority and timely.
 Aims. Study of the cytokine, prooxidant and antioxidant profiles of patients with pyoderma associated with Streptococcus pyogenes.
 Мethods. А prospective study of the cytokine profile, the level of antioxidant defense enzymes, and lipid peroxidation factors in patients with pyoderma, lasting more than 2 years, associated with Streptococcus pyogenes, was carried out. The study included 100 people with diffuse lesions of smooth skin, identified on the skin surface of Streptococcus pyogenes, at the age of 28.76 6.24 years; in blood serum, the content of cytokines IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-, IFN-, IL-1 was studied by enzyme immunoassay, in whole blood the content of primary, secondary and final products of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes protection superoxide dismutase and catalase.
 Results. Analysis of the content of cytokines showed a significant decrease in the concentration of IL-2, an increase in IL-10, TNF-, IL-8, IL-1 in the blood serum of patients with streptoderma compared with the reference values of healthy people (p 0.05). In whole blood plasma, an increase in the concentration of primary, secondary and final products of lipid peroxidation was registered with a significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase and catalase relative to the indicators of healthy volunteers (p 0.05).
 Conclusions. In patients with streptoderma, an increase in the production of cytokines with pro-inflammatory and chemotactic properties in response to the invasion of the pathogen and its persistence was revealed. The intracellular nature of the parasitization of Streptococcus pyogenes contributes to the enhancement of the systemic and local inflammatory process, the formation of oxidative stress, the accumulation of primary, secondary and final products of lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. A decrease in the content of interleukin 2, which has immunoregulatory properties in patients with streptoderma, leads to impaired immune homeostasis, a decrease in the processes of differentiation in the direction of the Th1 immune response, proliferation of T-lymphocytes, a violation of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the main subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes, which is clinically expressed in this occurrence of relapses in categories of patients.

Cytokine profile and oxidative stress parameters in women with initial manifestations of pelvic venous insufficiency

<abstract> <p>Pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI) in women is widespread and is closely associated with the risk of reproductive disorders (in 15–25% of patients) and a high rate of the disease recurrence after treatment. The factors involved in venous wall damage include atherogenic stimuli and chronic endotoxin aggression due to inflammatory processes. The changes in the initial stages of the disease are usually minor and selective. There is currently an urgent need to identify initial markers of these changes to develop preventive measures for their correction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the cytokine profile parameters' levels, as well as the activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) reactions in women with initial manifestations of PVI. Thirty-nine female patients with PVI (mean age 37.4 ± 9.1 years old) were the subjects of the study. The diagnosis was verified by clinical and instrumental examination including ultrasound angioscanning of the pelvic veins and therapeutic and diagnostic laparoscopy, and it was finally confirmed histologically. The control group included 30 nearly healthy women (mean age 33.5 ± 6.3 years old) who underwent surgical sterilization by laparoscopic access. Spectrophotometric, fluorometric and immunoassay methods were used in the study. The cytokine profile in female patients with PVI, as compared to the control group, was characterized by an increased concentration of proinflammatory (interleukin (IL) (IL-6) and IL-8) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and higher ratio values (IL-6/IL-10). The level of primary LPO products, conjugated dienes, was significantly increased and level of final products TBARs values was decreased in comparison to the control. The AOD system main enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), was decreased, while the catalase activity increased. In patients with PVI, the glutathione reduced form concentration was lower than in the control group. The results of the study in women with PVI suggest negative changes in the cytokine profile and multidirectional changes in the indicators of the LPO system state in the initial stages of the disease. The control of these changes in patients with PVI should probably be an important component of preventive measures in the initial stages of the disease.</p> </abstract>

Изменения в системе липопероксидации при базовой терапии экзогенно- конституционального ожирения у подростков разного пола

Objective. To reveal changes in lipid peroxidation parameters and antioxidant protection components against the background of standard non-pharmacological therapy for exogenous constitutional obesity in adolescents of different sex. Patients and methods. Forty-six adolescents aged 12–17 years with obesity were examined before and after non-pharmacological therapy. The control group included 36 healthy adolescents. We analyzed the composition of lipid peroxidation products – conjugated dienes (CD), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (KD and CT), TBA-active products and activity of antioxidant protection factors: total antioxidant activity (AOA), levels of α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG), their ratio (GSH/GSSG ratio), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. Results. Male adolescents with obesity had lower values of primary lipid peroxidation products compared to the control group – CD (1.35-fold, p = 0,001) and antioxidant protection factors: total AOA (1.16-fold, p = 0,036) and SOD activity (1.49-fold, p < 0.0001), whereas secondary products – KD and CT were elevated (1.42-fold, p = 0,046). Standard therapy in male adolescents did not lead to normalization of the studied parameters. Significantly lower were the values of total AOA (1.4-fold, p = 0.0001), SOD activity (1.42-fold, p < 0.0001) and α-tocopherol (1.33-fold, p = 0.012) in female adolescents with exogenous constitutional obesity compared to the control group. After standard therapy, there was an increase in GSSG levels (1.14-fold, p = 0.029). Conclusion. The presence of negative changes in the pro- and antioxidant status in adolescents with obesity, which was not normalized after a course of standard therapy, was shown. Additional pharmacological correction by prescription of antioxidant drugs becomes relevant. Key words: antioxidant protection, standard therapy, oxidative stress, adolescents, exogenous constitutional obesity

OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THE STATE OF ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCES IN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME

Abstract: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is zoonotic viral disease with domination of the destabilization of cell membranes in the pathogenesis. An increase in lipid peroxidation is important in membrane damage. Circulating lipid peroxidation products affect the cell membranes of the vascular endothelium, early damage to which by the HFRS virus inevitably leads to vascular dysfunction with marked disturbance of microcirculation processes and development of organ and tissue hypoxia. The manifestation of the damaging effects of peroxide compounds is prevented by a complex system that diminishes the formation of peroxides and provides its breaking. The antioxidant system includes both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms to protect cells and subcellular structures. Therefore, at the same time study of the mechanism of the development of primary (initial) links of lipid peroxidation and dynamics of antioxidant system work in HFRS allows using more effective therapy of this severe viral infection, aimed at reducing lipid peroxidation processes and improving the quality of antioxidant system work. The aim of this study is to investigate the rate of primary lipid peroxidation processes in HFRS using the example of changes in the concentration of primary lipid peroxidation products: diene conjugates and diene ketones, and the functioning of the body's antioxidant system using the example of superoxide dismutase as the first line of defence. For a more complete evaluation of the primary lipid peroxidation processes the KDC coefficient, the ratio of diene conjugate concentrations to diene ketones, was introduced. This coefficient shows how the rate of the initial lipid peroxidation processes changes, namely the change in the concentration of diene conjugates and its further transformation to diene ketones. From the change in this coefficient, we could consider the course of the disease. When the KDC coefficient decreased, there was an increase in superoxide dismutase activity, which was accompanied by a reduction in clinical manifestations and improvement in the well-being of the patients. In the case of an increase in the KDC ratio, the activity of superoxide dismutase increases slightly, indicating an increase in the rate of the initial lipid peroxidation processes and further cell membrane damage. It seems to be associated with more severe complications that occur in the presence of some associated diseases.

Oxidative stress in moss Bryum caespiticium (Bryaceae) under the influence of high temperature and light intensity in a technogenically transformed environment

Mosses are pioneer plants in post-technogenic areas. Therefore, the question of adaptive reactions of mosses from these habitats represents a scientific interest. The research is devoted to the study of adaptive changes in the metabolism of the dominant moss species Bryum caespiticium Hedw., collected in the devastated territories of the Novoyavorivsk State Mining and Chemical Enterprise (SMCE) “Sirka (Sulfur)” exposed to hyperthermia and insolation, which cause oxidative stress in plants. The influence of these stressors on the activity and thermal stability of antioxidant enzymes, hydrogen peroxide content, anion radical generation and accumulation of prooxidant components in moss shoots was studied. The activity and thermal stability of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analysed forB. caespiticium moss from different locations of northern exposure at the sulfur mining dump No 1 in summer and autumn. We established the dependence of the activity of antioxidant enzymes of moss on the intensity of light and temperature on the experimental plots of the dump No 1. In summer, the highest activity and thermal stability rates of peroxidase and SOD were observed. Under the conditions of the experiment in shoots of В. caespiticium from the northern peak of the dump under the influence of 2 hours temperature action (+ 42 ºС) the most significant increase in peroxidase activity was found by 1.78 times and SOD by 1.89 times, as well as increase in its thermal stability by 1.35–1.42 times, respectively. The increase in peroxidase and SOD activity, as well as the increase in their thermal stability caused by hyperthermia were negated by pre-processing with a protein biosynthesis inhibitor cyclohexamide, which may indicate the participation of the protein-synthesizing system in this process. The effect of increasing the thermal stability of enzymes can be considered as a mechanism of adaptation of the protein-synthesizing system to the action of high temperatures. Increase in the activity and thermal stability of antioxidant enzymes is caused primarily by changes in the expression of stress protein genes, which control the synthesis of specific adaptogens and protectors. The obtained results indicate that the extreme conditions of the anthropogenically transformed environment contribute to the development of forms with the highest potential abilities. The mechanism of action of high temperatures is associated with the development of oxidative stress, which is manifested in the intensification of lipid peroxidation and the generation of superoxide anion radical. It was found that temperature stress and high insolation caused an increased generation of superoxide anion radical as the main inducers of protective reactions in the samples of B. caespiticium from the experimental transect of the sulfur mining heap. It is known that the synthesis of Н2О2 occurs under stress and is a signal to start a number of molecular, biochemical and physiological processes of cells, including adaptation of plants to extreme temperatures. It is shown that high temperatures initiate the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, including Н2О2, under the action of extreme temperatures, can cause the activation of signaling systems. Therefore, the increase in the content of Н2О2 as a signaling mediator is a component of the antioxidant protection system. It is determined that adaptive restructuring of the metabolism of the moss В. caespiticium is associated with the accumulation of signaling prooxidant components (diene and triene conjugates and dienketones). The increase in primary lipid peroxidation products, detected by us, under the action of hyperthermia may indicate the intensification of free radical oxidation under adverse climatic conditions in the area of the sulfur production dump, which leads to the intensification of lipid peroxidation processes. The accumulation of radical and molecular lipid peroxidation products are signals for the activation of protective systems, activators of gene expression and processes that lead to increased resistance of plants.

Comparative evaluation of salivary F2-isoprostane in type II Diabetic patients with non-diabetic individuals

Brief Background Oxidative stress is increased in diabetes mellitus due to excessive production of oxygen free radicals and a deficiency in antioxidant mechanism. F2-isoprostanes are primary end products of lipid peroxidation and are considered to be a biological marker for assessing oxidative stress in tissues. This study aims to evaluate the level of salivary F2-isoprostane in type II diabetic patients and compare it with non-diabetic individuals. Materials and Methods A total of 150 subjects were included in the study comprising of 50 patients with controlled diabetes (Group I), 50 patients with uncontrolled diabetes (Group II) and 50 non-diabetic individuals (Group III).We analyzed the salivary F2 -isoprostane in these subjects using a sandwich ELISA technique. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0. One way ANOVA was used for the comparison of salivary F2-isoprostane levels among the study groups and Scheffe multiple comparison analysis was used to compare the level of isoprostane between the groups. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results Salivary F2-isoprostane levels were significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled diabetes compared to controlled diabetes (p<0.01). Non-diabetic individuals showed lower levels of salivary F2 isoprostanes compared to diabetic patients and were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). Discussion Salivary isoprostanes are reliable markers to assess oxidative damage in patients with diabetes mellitus and hence anti oxidants can be initiated at an early stage to prevent complications. Summary and Conclusions The result of the study indicates that salivary F2-isoprostane can be used as a valuable marker of oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Key Words Diabetes mellitus, ELISA, F2-isoprostanes

Lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in tick-borne encephalitis and ixodic tick-borne borreliosis

BACKGROUND: In the South Ural region of Russia, the group of ITTB and TBE occupies the leading rank positions in the structure of infections that are ecologically associated with ixodic ticks. At the present stage, studies aimed at studying non-specific pathological biochemical processes that determine the degree of oxidative damage to cell membranes and organelle membranes, the reactivity of the body, its reserve-adaptive potential under the influence of a number of endogenous and exogenous factors are becoming particularly relevant. One of the most significant metabolic processes of this kind is the free radical oxidation of lipids and the oxidative modification of proteins.
 AIMS: To give a clinical and epidemiological characteristic and to study the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various clinical forms of tick-borne infections in an endemic region (on the example of the Chelyabinsk region).
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the clinical base of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Southern State Medical University in the MAUZ GKB No. 8 in Chelyabinsk. The study randomly included 105 patients with tick-borne encephalitis, ixodic tick-borne borreliosis and mixed infection who were hospitalized in the hospital in the period from May to October 20182019. The diagnosis was verified by standard immunological methods (ELISA). Modern molecular genetic methods (PCR-RV) were used in the etiological diagnosis of ICD. Material for the study: leukocyte fraction and blood serum. The content of carbonyl products of oxidative modification of proteins was estimated by their reaction with 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, followed by spectrophotometric registration of the interaction products-dinitrophenylhydrazones. When determining the content of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation, a method based on the phenomenon of rearrangement of double bonds into diene conjugates during the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids was used. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out by standard methods of nonparametric statistics using the Statistica 8.0 for Windows software package.
 RESULTS: In the structure of infections transmitted by ixodic ticks, ixodic tick-borne borreliosis was most often registered (50.5%), tick-borne encephalitis was observed in 44.8% of cases, mixed infection ― in 4.7%. Borrelia miyamotoi DNA was detected by PCR-RV in 8.6% of biological samples (blood serum, leukocyte fraction). When analyzing the results of oxidative modification of proteins and lipid peroxidation, a reliable picture of oxidative stress is observed, which is more pronounced in patients with ixodic tick-borne borreliosis.
 CONCLUSION: The revealed changes in the study of oxidative stress in patients with tick-borne encephalitis and ixodic tick-borne borreliosis not only indicate the prospects of developing new approaches to the pathogenetic therapy of tick-borne infections, providing for the use of antioxidants in complex therapy, but also suggest a greater effectiveness of direct-acting lipophilic antioxidants that limit diene conjugation, and thereby prevent the accumulation of secondary cytotoxic products of lipid peroxidation.