Primary Object Research Articles

Ultra-high vacuum measurement based on <sup>8</sup>Li cold atoms manipulation

Stability plays a significant role in observing Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou(FPUT) phenomenon in experiment successfully. However, few relevant studies have been documented in the literature. The primary object of this paper is to study the stability of FPUT phenomenon in the nonlinear fibers numerically. In this study, we take the sinusoidally perturbed continuous waves(CWs) with white noise imposed as the initial condition, which can be readily realized in real experiments. We find that both the perturbation amplitude and phase difference between the perturbation and pump can take drastic effects in affecting the stability of the resulting FPUT phenomenon. Firstly, as the perturbation amplitude increases, FPUT phenomenon becomes much more stable. When the perturbation amplitude reaches a critical value, the most stable FPUT phenomenon can be observed. As the further increase of the perturbation amplitude, the stability of the resulting FPUT phenomenon weakens. Secondly, the phase difference between the perturbation and pump take distinct effects on the stability of FPUT phenomenon for perturbation frequency locating in and outside of the conventional modulation instability (MI) band. For perturbation frequency locating inside the conventional MI band, as the phase difference between the perturbation and pump increases from zero, the corresponding FPUT phenomenon first becomes less stable; then most instable FPUT phenomenon can be observed at a critical phase difference; after then, the stability of the FPUT phenomenon enhances again. For perturbation frequency locating outside the conventional MI band, the stability of FPUT phenomenon enhances monotonously as the phase difference increases from 0 to π/2.To observe much more stable FPUT phenomenon, the above results show that the perturbation amplitude should be moderately large, and that the phase difference between the perturbation and the pump should be appropriate to avoid the most instable FPUT phenomenon that may arise.

From Methodological Symmetry to Gaia: Latour’s Legacy and Untapped Potential for IS Research

A defining concern for information systems (IS) is how to theorize its primary object of study, the digital artifact. Historically, approaches in IS have oscillated between technological determinist and social determinist ones. Bruno Latour’s works contributed to recalibrating a more symmetrical treatment of the two, and he played a distinctive role in stimulating the evolution of empirically committed, process-oriented theorizing in the IS field. We commemorate Latour’s work by revisiting his early influence on IS research and discuss some of the direct and indirect influences on contemporary IS, such as infrastructure studies and sociomateriality. With the interest in agentic technologies via AI, Latour’s perspectives on technological agency are more relevant than ever. In addition, we explore ideas that are relevant to IS but have yet to be taken up, thus representing untapped theoretical and methodological potential for future IS research—for example, approaching data as circulating reference or how his work could contribute to sustainability discussions in IS.

Peculiarities of deliberate destruction or endamagement of public utilities (Article 270–1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine)

The article outlines problematics related to the direct object of deliberate destruction or damage of public utilities. Two dominant, directly opposing positions have been analyzed with regard to the object of the specified crime, which manifests itself in property relations and social relations in the field of public safety. The study of theoretical papers by researchers addressing the indicated problematics and the analysis of court practices have confirmed the existing shortcomings in providing description for the investigated crime, particularly violations of systematicity in criminal law while formulating criminal law circumstances, simultaneous presence of three types of socially dangerous consequences within one offense, and multiobjectiveness. Taking into account the goal and objectives of the draft law, which criminalize deliberate destruction or endangerment of public utilities, peculiarities of drawing socially dangerous consequences of the element of this crime, as well as the importance of public utilities for meeting the needs of population, it is proposed to recognize social relations in the field of public safety as the primary object of the crime under investigation, along with additional mandatory objects encompassing alternatively life, health, and property.

Report on the 13th Workshop on Temporal Web Analytics (TempWeb 2023) at WWW 2023

TempWeb is an established Workshop (series) with a long-standing tradition as a co-located event at The Web Conference. Considering the constantly evolving Web as a primary object of research, TempWeb provides a platform to present longitudinal studies on the Web (structure), its contents, and its communities, etc. by aiming at the investigation of infrastructures, scalable methods, and innovative software for aggregating, querying, and analyzing heterogeneous data at Web scale. Since longitudinal aspects in Web analytics is becoming more and more inter- and transdiciplinary relevant for analysts from various domains, the studies, tools, and demonstrations are not only limited to computer science, but also open to sociology, marketing, environmental studies, politics, etc., to name just a few. As such, TempWeb has developed as a forum for a community from academia and industry covering temporal Web analytics at all levels of granularity and across various disciplines. Date : 1 May 2023. Website : http://temporalweb.net/.

TRIPTYCH OF LOVE IN ANNA KARENINA: INTERPRETING ANNA’S LOVE(S) PSYCHOANALYTICALLY

This paper explores Anna Karenina’s multifaceted love(s) towards three men – her son, her husband, and her lover – using psychoanalytic perspective. While Joe Wright’s film adaptation (2012) serves as the primary object of analysis, the paper also draws upon the source text by Leo Tolstoy. The essay demonstrates ways in which psychoanalytic theory may be deployed to understand Anna’s motivations. Specifically, it suggests interpreting Anna’s love decisions in terms of what Freud called a love versus desire divide, originally attributed to men. As analysis shows, Anna seeks love and desire in two separate male figures, with Karenin being more like a father to her, and Vronsky – a sexual object or a “bad boy,” to use Bruce Fink’s term. Anna thinks in terms of “exchange” not of her husband’s but of her son’s love for that of Vronsky, thereby equating those seemingly different love(s). The paper looks closely at the specific scenes as well as stylistic techniques such as a whip pan, close-up, point-of-view shot, etc., which shed light onto Anna’s psychological conflict.

Investigation of Inner Lining Loss and Correlation with Steel Structure Ovality in Rotary Kilns

The article delves into the application of laser scanning within the realm of engineering, concentrating its examination on rotary kilns. Through an in-depth case study, this article meticulously assesses the advantages inherent in utilising laser scanning technology and draws comparisons with conventional measurement methods. The overarching objective of the investigation is to unravel the intricate relationship between the deterioration of the rotary kiln liners and the ovality of the underlying steel structure. By meticulously analysing these aspects, this article seeks to contribute valuable insights into the understanding of this complex interplay in the context of engineering practices. As a measurement apparatus, a terrestrial laser scanner was used. The interior and exterior of the rotary kiln were measured. The primary focus object was inner-lining loss and the geometric characteristics of the cylindrical shells. The research uncovered significant disparities in inner lining loss between the sections. A correlation was found between the ovality and elimination of the inner lining. Due to the hypothesis of constant inner lining loss in the middle of the rotary kiln, the investigation found that the loss of brick lining was less than the value reported from the wells. This study offers significant information on the maintenance and repair strategies for rotary kilns, which have the potential to increase their efficiency and useful life.

Certain results concerning (p, q)-parameterized beta logarithmic function and their properties

The primary object of this article is to introduce (p, q)-beta logarithmic function with extended beta function by using the logarithmic mean. We evaluate different properties and representations of beta logarithmic function. Further, it is evaluated logarithmic distribution, hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions via logarithmic mean are evaluated and their essential properties are studied. Numerous formulas of (p, q)-beta logarithmic functions such as integral formula, derivative formula, transformation formula and generating function are analyzed.

An Analysis of Users Self-Presentation in Different Online Interaction Modes: Taking QQ Music as an Example

With the advancement of media technology, the evolution and development of music media have become more prominent; a single listening tool has evolved into an online interactive community. As media platforms adapted, this online comment section evolved into an entire online music communication community where users could interact online in other ways besides the comment section. So, this paper mainly focuses on the QQ music platform as the primary research object, analysing the interactive behaviour of users in the online music community, and obtaining the effects of different interactive modes on users self-expression. The study utilised discourse analysis and data analysis to analyse users self-presentations in online community interactions and to understand their behaviour in different modules. According to research, online social interactions and community development have a significant impact on listeners behaviors. They can guide the development of creative design strategies for digital media, such as music, movies, and video games. It also showed that commenting interactions and fan group interactions in online music communities are the most emotionally engaging modules for users, and that users in the comment section are better at sharing themselves and interacting with each other.

X-ray Spectroscopic Study of Low-Mass X-ray Binaries: A Review of Recent Progress via the Example of GX 339-4

Low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXB) serve as natural laboratories, where the predictions of general relativity can be tested in the strong field regime. The primary object of such sources can be a neutron star (NS) or a black hole (BH), and this object captures material from the secondary object through the inner Lagrange point via a process called Roche lobe overflow. Because of the angular momentum of the infalling matter, an accretion disk is formed, in which viscous effects transport the angular momentum radially outward. In the high/soft state of these sources, the accretion disk can extend all the way to the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO); therefore, when the primary object is a BH, its X-ray spectrum contains information about the region very close to the event horizon. This paper aims to review the theoretical and observational works related to the X-ray spectroscopy of such sources via the example of GX 339-4, which is one of the most well-known and well-studied LMXBs.

Sense and Sensibility: On the Aesthetics of Psychoanalytic Work

ABSTRACT This discussion focuses on Dr Huang’s use of the esthetic, her experience of the “ineffable” in treatment, and the limitations of spoken language in capturing affect, which are enacted in her essay. I elaborate on art as a medium that accesses unformulated experience that is known through a feeling but not yet cognized or worded, and suggest that the esthetic moment we experience via various art mediums provides a non-languaged symbolization that resonates with the echo of our primary object relations.

A review of experimental task design in psychophysical eye tracking research.

While eye tracking is a technique commonly used in the experimental study of higher-level perceptual processes such as visual search, working memory, reading, and scene exploration, its use for the quantification of basic visual functions (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision, motion detection) is less explored. The use of eye movement features as dependent variables in a psychophysical investigation can serve multiple roles. They can be central in studies with neurological patients or infants that cannot comply with verbal instructions, understand task demands, and/or emit manual responses. The technique may also serve a complementary role, determining the conditions under which a manual or verbal response is given, such as stimulus position in the visual field, or it can afford the analysis of new dependent variables, such as the time interval between oculomotor and manual responses. Our objective is to review the literature that applied the eye tracking technique to psychophysical problems. The two questions our review raises are: can eye movements (reflex or voluntary) be an objective index of stimulus detection in psychophysical tasks? If so, under what conditions, and how does it compare with traditional paradigms requiring manual responses? Our (non-systematic) methodological review selected studies that used video-oculography as the technique of choice and had a basic visual function as their primary object of investigation. Studies satisfying those criteria were then categorized into four broad classes reflecting their main research interest: (1) stimulus detection and threshold estimation, (2) the effects of stimulus properties on fixational eye movements, (3) the effects of eye movements on perception, and (4) visual field assessment. The reviewed studies support the idea that eye tracking is a valuable technique for the study of basic perceptual processes. We discuss methodological characteristics within each of the proposed classification area, with the objective of informing future task design.

Percolation in random sequential adsorption of polydisperse mixtures of extended objects on a triangular lattice

Percolation properties of an adsorbed polydisperse mixture of extended objects on a triangular lattice are studied by Monte Carlo simulations. The depositing objects of various shapes are formed by self-avoiding walks on the lattice. We study polydisperse mixtures in which the size of the shape making the mixture increases gradually with the number of components. This study examines the influence of the shape of the primary object defining a polydisperse mixture on its percolation and jamming properties. The dependence of the jamming density and percolation threshold on the number of components n making the mixture is analyzed. Determining the contribution of the individual components in the lattice covering allowed a better insight into the deposit structure of the n-component mixture at the percolation threshold. In addition, we studied mixtures of objects of various shapes but the same size.

Preparation of Steel Slag Foam Concrete and Fractal Model for Their Thermal Conductivity

The innovation of structural forms and the increase in the energy-saving requirements of buildings have led to higher requirements regarding the application conditions of steel slag foam concrete (SSFC) to ensure that the SSFC has a lower thermal conductivity and sufficient compressive strength, which has become the primary research object. Through a comprehensive consideration of 7 d compressive strength and thermal conductivity, the recommend mix ratio of SSFC was as follows: maximum SS size = 1.18 mm, water–cement ratio = 0.45, replacement rate of SS = 20–30%. Moreover, a theoretical formula was derived to determine thermal conductivity versus porosity based on fractal theory. The measured values of the foam concrete found elsewhere corroborate the fractal relationship regarding thermal conductivity versus porosity. This fractal relationship offers a straightforward and scientifically sound way to forecast the thermal conductivity of SSFC.

GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping in the Longmen Mountain area (China) using three different machine learning algorithms and their comparison.

Landslides are a common natural disaster, having severe socio-economic effects and posing immense threat to safety, such as loss of life at a global scale. Modeling and predicting the possibility of landslides are important in order to monitor and prevent their negative consequences. In this study, landslides are the primary research object. Further, the frequency ratio (FR) method was applied to the random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and decision tree (DT) regression algorithms for landslide sensitivity assessment. It was also applied to landslide risk assessment mapping in the Longmen Mountain area. Therefore, taking into account the positive and negative sample balance, 7774 historical landslide points and 7774 non-landslide points were selected and divided them into training sets and test sets. The influence factors were selected and analyzed through multicollinearity analysis and the FR method. To improve the performance of the model and the accuracy of the findings, the individual environmental factors are normalized. Subsequently, the LSI (landslide susceptibility index), was obtained by calculating the frequency ratio. Following this, the RF, SVM, and DT were used to construct the model. The trained model calculates the landslide probability of each cell in the study area and generates the resultant susceptibility map. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and R2 of this region were calculated to evaluate the model's performance. The results indicate that RF obtained the highest predictive performance (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.82) in landslide risk prediction, followed by SVM (AUC = 0.8) and DT (AUC = 0.69). The results of this study serve as a predictive map for landslide susceptibility areas and provide critical support for the security of lives and property for the human and socio-economic development in the Longmen Mountain region. In addition, the experiment results reveal that the machine learning model based on the FR method can improve the accuracy and performance of methods in studies related to landslide susceptibility. The method is equally applicable to research in other fields.

Prinsip Syariah dalam Kontrol Investasi Wakaf Kontemporer

The purpose of this study is to find out what are the implementation of contemporary waqf investment models, then solve how Islamic law views the implementation of contemporary waqf investment and review in detail how the principles and signs of shari'ah for control of the implementation of contemporary waqf investment. This research is a descriptive-qualitative research. Data obtained through literature reading, analyzed and critically compromised for further narrative description. The primary object of this study is the text, which in turn what is contained in the text will be reviewed in depth with the methodology of taking Islamic law. This research uses descriptive-qualitative analysis, data and information on matters related to this research are studied, reviewed, classified carefully, with the aim of finding legal provisions and principles of control over research problems. Based on data analysis, this study concludes that contemporary waqf investment law is permissible with various provisions according to the investment pattern applied. The sharia principle for contemporary investment control is that the form of investment must be in accordance with sharia and invested in lines that do not contradict the shari'a, should invest in various lines to reduce the possibility of losses that occur, written and officially written and insured with sharia insurance, investment must not conflict with the requirements of the waqf and not harmful to the benefit of the waqf itself.

English

Wireless communication has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its mobility, portability and efficient service. Quality Voice Communication is the basic need of all such devices. Due to the significant spectrum demand, the bandwidth allocated to Professional Radio devices is decreasing. This results in lowering voice/ speech quality. Due to limited bandwidth, the design of Radio is changing. The main change is shifting from Analogue signal processing to Digital signal processing of speech and radio signals. The conversion of analogue-natured speech to digital form itself creates loss and faithfulness. Such Radio includes a voice coder for analogue to digital conversion of speech. Human spoken language, speaker (male or female), and pronunciation play an essential role in direct voice and Radio communication. It is the primary object which decides the design of low bandwidth coder. This paper deals with Marathi language characteristics and the interdependence of language constructs that affects voice/speech quality. In this paper, we extracted features of the Marathi language using PRAAT software and analyzed its constructs using statistical tools. The actual testing on Radio is carried out. The speech quality observed during such testing is correlated with statistical results. It is shown that the standard deviation in pitch and formants in male speech is less (average 35%) compared to the standard deviation in pitch and formants in female speech. This results in lowering the quality of male speech compared to female speech. It is also shown that some vowels and combinations of certain vowels and consonants produce poor speech quality compared to others.

A convolutional neural network-based model that predicts acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

BackgroundForecasting acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is highly challenging with conventional statistical techniques due to complex parameters and their interactions. The primary object of this study was to establish a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based prediction model for aGVHD.MethodWe analyzed adult patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT between 2008 and 2018, using the Japanese nationwide registry database. The CNN algorithm, equipped with a natural language processing technique and an interpretable explanation algorithm, was applied to develop and validate prediction models.ResultsHere, we evaluate 18,763 patients between 16 and 80 years of age (median, 50 years). In total, grade II–IV and grade III–IV aGVHD is observed among 42.0% and 15.6%. The CNN-based model eventually allows us to calculate a prediction score of aGVHD for an individual case, which is validated to distinguish the high-risk group of aGVHD in the test cohort: cumulative incidence of grade III–IV aGVHD at Day 100 after HSCT is 28.8% for patients assigned to a high-risk group by the CNN model, compared to 8.4% among low-risk patients (hazard ratio, 4.02; 95% confidence interval, 2.70–5.97; p < 0.01), suggesting high generalizability. Furthermore, our CNN-based model succeeds in visualizing the learning process. Moreover, contributions of pre-transplant parameters other than HLA information to the risk of aGVHD are determined.ConclusionsOur results suggest that CNN-based prediction provides a faithful prediction model for aGVHD, and can serve as a valuable tool for decision-making in clinical practice.

Legal Regulation of the External Dimension of the Common European Asylum System: current state and future perspectives

INTRODUCTION. The article provides a thorough analysis of the external dimension of the European Union’s (EU) migration and asylum policy and its main components. The primary object of the research is the external area of the EU’s activities in the field of forced migration. The aim of the article is to define political and legal contours of the external dimension of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), trace its development from 2015 to 2022, and determine future directions of its evolvement.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The aforementioned objectives are achieved through deployment of the following methodological designs: descriptive, exploratory, historical and case study. The article gives a detailed overview of the programming documents of the EU, acts of the EU law concerning forced migration, and their implementation in the context of global and regional instabilities.RESEARCH RESULTS. Forced migration as an object of legal and political regulation on the part of the EU is subjected to “externalization” due to inconsistent internal practices and overall deviation of the EU members from the fundamental and internationally recognized burden-sharing principle in the field of refugee law. Such an approach should be perceived as an additional reason for potential deterioration of the migration situation in Europe, not to mention other possible implications on the human rights and economic dimensions.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The results of the analysis allow to draw significant conclusions: the external dimension of the CEAS became a top priority for the EU predominantly due to the inability of the European actors to reach consensus on the internal elements of the system; the external dimension of the CEAS may be characterized as a complex system consisting of political, legal and quasi-legal acts governing the EU’s external actions in the field of forced migration; the EU’s support became dependent on the willingness of its external partners to cooperate on migration-related issues; several external actors gained more bargaining power; external partnerships need to be readjusted in order to be efficient under current geopolitical circumstances.

Refined flow organization in squealer tip gap and its impact on turbine aerodynamic performance

Squealer tips are widely used in high-pressure axial turbines to control tip leakage loss. A well-designed squealer tip is essential for improving the turbine aerodynamic performance. This paper aims to obtain some guidelines for the flow organization in the squealer tip gap. Firstly, to investigate the effects of tip flow organization on the turbine aerodynamic performance, four different squealer tips are constructed by analyzing the flow and loss characteristics of the conventional squealer tip. Then, the refined flow organization results are detailedly analyzed. Finally, the effects of tip flow organization on the turbine aerodynamic performance are investigated. Results show that the key to the refined flow organization in the squealer gap is to manage the vortices inside the cavity, especially the scraping vortex. The primary object in the refined flow organization is to enlarge the extent of the effective control region, enhance its intensity, and place it within the high-leakage region in the meantime. The characteristics of the effective control region are primarily determined by the characteristics of the scraping vortex, such as the streamwise range, cross-location, size and intensity. Organizing the scraping vortex carefully through a refined design for the squealer geometry can control the leakage flow and hence the leakage loss effectively, which provides an effective means for the design of the high-performance squealer tip.

Social media, echo chambers and contingency: a system theoretical approach about communication in the digital space

PurposeThere is a growing worry about people possibly isolating themselves in online bubbles and avoiding contact with ideas that differ from their beliefs, creating a scenario of ideological polarization. To investigate into this matter, this work aims for a reflection about the contingency of communication in social media. Does social media make the experience of communication in the digital space more contingent (providing it with more possibilities, with people accessing different contents and ideas) or less contingent (reducing the available possibilities, making people isolate themselves)?Design/methodology/approachThis is a theoretical work, constructed through bibliographical reviews. To reflect about the question that are posed, the author selected Niklas Luhmann's social systems theory to approach the concept of contingency. In addition to that, the author presented the main arguments of the debates about echo chambers and online bubbles. In the end, the author combined the two reviews together using elements of the Luhmannian theory and drew some conclusions about the initial question.FindingsThe study concluded that social media have an ambivalent potential regarding contingency in the digital space: it can both expand or reduce the available possibilities of communication, depending on criteria like topic, potential of diffusion and focus of attention. There is no one-side effect.Research limitations/implicationsThe approach at echo chambers does not reflect “the” form of contingency in social media, but “a” form. Therefore, the study cannot provide any general conclusions about the relation between contingency and social media. The digital space is a large one, and more studies are required to achieve more substantial propositions.Originality/valueThe research has an originality value both for systems theory and social media studies. First, because, as far as the author knows, no other system-theoretical argument has taken the connection between contingency and social media as a primary analysis object. Second, because of a theoretical interpretation effort, the studies of echo chambers indicate mixed results about the phenomenon of online isolation, but no attempt was made to make sense of these mixed results from a specific sociological theory. The author did that by using Luhmann's theoretical framework, which proved to be a good tool for explaining and unifying these different results on a more abstract level.