Primary Object Research Articles

Developing a Capacity for Bodily Concern: Antonio Damasio and the Psychoanalysis of Body–Mind Relationship

ABSTRACTThe author starts from the assumption that the body is the mind’s primary object. He explores the link between his clinical research about the Body–Mind relationship and neuroscience, by focusing particularly on the contribution by Antonio Damasio who has emphasized the importance of the bodily roots of mental functioning. In many patients nowadays, developing a capacity for “concern for one’s own body” is a stepping stone toward a genuine non-imitative mental functioning. This perspective contrasts with psychoanalytic orientations that give priority to recognition of the other and intersubjective dynamics.

New technique of radial-additive friction stir repairing for exceeded tolerance holes

Radial-additive friction stir repairing (R-AFSR) was proposed to repair exceeded tolerance holes. Here, AZ31 Mg alloys were selected as the primary research object. Good metallurgical bonding appeared in the repaired zones due to atom diffusion induced by thermo-mechanical behaviors. The diameter of the exceeded tolerance hole was reduced from 10 to 8 mm. The stir zone and partial thermo-mechanically affected zone were characterized by fine and equiaxed grains. The average grain size in the stir zone was less than 10 μm, attributing to high microhardness values. A high-quality repaired joint with the maximum tensile strength of 183 MPa was achieved, equivalent to 93.8% of the joint with the standard hole for AZ31 Mg alloys. Compressive shear strength and compression rate of the repaired joint reached 58.4 MPa and 26.1%, up to 75% and 74.6% of the joint with the standard hole. The fracture surface morphologies exhibited the typical ductile fracture. Therefore, R-AFSR has great prospects to repair the exceeded tolerance holes.

Perovskite light-emitting diodes for uniform eight-segment displays

With the development of the display technology, there are higher requirements for color saturation and vividness. As a base unit, light-emitting diode (LED) has become a primary object of study. Perovskite quantum dots with high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow emission, and wide color gamut have attracted special attention in recent years. Although LEDs based on perovskite exhibit excellent performance, there are few applications of perovskite LEDs in display. Herein, LEDs based on CsPbI3 perovskite were used as basic units for fabricating eight-segment LED displays. The LEDs exhibited a luminance of 780 cd/m2 and an external quantum efficiency of 6%. The current-density and luminance vs driving voltage confirms the uniformity of these LEDs in the eight segments, which will promote the application of perovskite nanocrystalline LEDs in the field of full color display.

898TiP - The extended/phase II study of safety and tolerability of proxalutamide (GT0918) in subjects with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who failed either abiraterone (Abi) or enzalutamide (Enza)

BackgroundProstate cancer is the most common malignant tumor in men and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Recently there are several 2nd generations of anti-androgen therapies approved and used widely in clinics. However, many patients (pts) relapse after a period of treatment in clinic due to various resistant mechanisms and require new drug or additional therapy. GT0918 is a new chemical entity of androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with more specificity and activity in inhibiting ARs with reduced drug accumulation in the CNS and also show activities on AR mutations including ART878A leading AR drug resistance in cell assays. In early phase I clinical trial of dose escalation study (NCT02826772), GT0918 was shown well tolerated in mCRPC pts progressed lines of standard and experimental therapies with some durable responses. 400mg and 500mg orally once daily were selected warranted for further clinical testing. Trial designThe study is an open-label, randomized, multicenter, trial to assess GT0918 in mCRPC pts progressed after either abi or enza. The primary object is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of GT0918 either 400mg or 500mg daily dose to determine the RP2D for Ph III and/or other confirming studies. The secondary objectives are to evaluate efficacy endpoints including≥ 50% PSA suppression, the percentage of radiographic disease progression, the time to radiographic and bone progression, the time to PSA progression. The key eligibility includes histologically confirmed mCRPC, prior failed therapy either abi or enza (only 1 prior chemotherapy is allowed), progression defined by PCWG 3 criteria, and life expectancy of≥6 months (at screening). 60 pts are enrolled at 12US sites and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to orally take 400mg or 500mg of GT0918 once daily for initial treatment of 6 months. Pts will continue treatment with GT0918 up to 12 months at their assigned dose until disease progression, intolerable toxicities (AEs), or withdrawn consent. The trial started in May 2019. An interim analysis of both safety and efficacy will be performed after 30 pts become evaluable. Clinical trial identificationNCT03899467 (April 2, 2019). Legal entity responsible for the studySuzhou Kintor Pharmaceuticals Inc. FundingSuzhou Kintor Pharmaceuticals Inc. DisclosureN.J. Vogelzang: Advisory / Consultancy: Pfizer; Advisory / Consultancy: Janssen; Advisory / Consultancy: Sanofi; Advisory / Consultancy: Bayer. P. Zhang: Full / Part-time employment: Suzhou Kintor Pharmaceuticals Inc. K. Zhou: Full / Part-time employment: Suzhou Kintor Pharmaceuticals Inc. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

The Ghana Stabilisation Fund: Relevance and Impact so far

Ghana in response to global best practices in managing volatile petroleum revenues included in its petroleum revenue management framework, the Ghana Stabilisation Fund (GSF). This study sought to evaluate the impact of volatile petroleum receipts on the GSF and measure the effect of discretionary capping on the ‘stabilisation’ role of the Fund since its establishment in 2011. Using qualitative comparative analysis and sensitivity analysis techniques, the study found that transfers into the GSF has been influenced to various degrees by total petroleum receipts, the variance between benchmark and actual revenues, transfers to the National Oil Company and discretion around transfers into the Fund in its initial years of operation. Out of the total of US$ 714,608,340 withdrawn from the GSF between 2014 and 2018, 86.72 percent has been transferred into the Debt Service Account/Sinking Fund (DSA/SF) and used to retire some marketable debt instruments (loans). It concludes that the GSF has impacted minimally on its primary object of cushioning or sustaining public expenditure capacity during periods of unanticipated petroleum revenue shortfalls and that, the Fund has been largely applied for debt repayment purposes than economic stabilisation over the past eight years.

The Preservation Strategy of Kethek Ogleng Pacitan in Millennial Era

Kethek Ogleng Pacitan is one of the magnum opus legacies in Indonesia. It is the performing arts living in the midst of the Pacitan society. In the same cases of other arts, Kethek Ogleng requires attention for its sustainability due to the marginalization of the present traditional art as well as the inclusion of arts originating from outside cultures which are considered more modern and advanced. Therefore, the preservation strategy must be contextualized with the current state of society. From this urgent need, however, the focused researches on such issues have not been significantly discussed. From this case, this research is aimed at revealing various strategies that can be utilized to preserve the Kethek Ogleng. To meet this aim, the qualitative descriptive, with the primary object Kethek Ogleng Pacitan Art, is employed. Further, the data collection uses a variety of methods including observation participants, interviews with Ogleng Kethek artists, and literature studies. It is thus worthwhile to be written that the preservation strategy of the Performing Arts in the millennial era can be both a short-term and long-term strategy. Then, the strategies are as follows; (1) Kethek Ogleng roadshow; (2) revitalization of the Wanoro Condro art studio; (3) art festivals; (4) citizens' celebrations; (5) extracurricular activities at various levels of educational institutions; (6) preserving the art as the intangible heritage so-called Warisan Budaya Tak Benda (WBTB); and (6) visualization as well as digitalization of Kethek Ogleng Pacitan.

Valueless value

In this essay, I analyze the production of value in the shamanic complex of the indigenous Cofan people of eastern Ecuador. While acknowledging the ethical nature of human existence and the generative power of human action, I describe the shaman as a paradoxical figure with regard to the efforts that produce him and the criteria that orient his actions. The shaman occupies a central social position, but he profits from little Cofan labor and receives mixed Cofan praise. Consequently, it is arguable that he represents no value at all. If anything, I suggest, he embodies valueless value , a concept I articulate in relation to Pierre Clastres’s notion of “powerless power.” In dialogue with the anthropology of ethics, morality, and productive action, I use my analysis of Cofan shamanism to demonstrate the utility of a value-based approach in any ethnographic investigation that takes human practice as its primary object.

Role of Customized Bus Services in the Transportation System: Insight from Actual Performance

After attaining great prevalence from the end of 2013, customized bus (CB) transit services have experienced a huge decline in China. The feasibility of this new bus sharing system is thus being questioned. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the actual role of CB services in the overall transportation system based on successful cases, as the role of the CB service determines its primary service object, system construction, marketing orientation, and even government function. To examine the role of CB services, this study investigates the practical performance, advantages, and spatial and temporal coverage of a successful CB system based on practical subscription data for more than two years. The results illustrate that the CB service is an eclectic choice that can balance service quality and cost between traveling by traditional public transportation (PT) and private cars/taxis. Even though the travel cost increased to a limited extent, the CB service significantly improved the travel experience in terms of the travel time, travel speed, number of stations, and difference arrival time compared to PT services. The multinomial logit model and regression models demonstrate a significant positive relationship between the relative advantage and amount of demand for the CB services. Furthermore, the CB service primarily serves trips generated during the peak traffic hours of the city and supplements traditional PT service in areas with poor coverage levels.

The personality-oriented approach in the evaluation and management of the flight safety conditions

The causes of most accidents are due to the manifestations of the of the flight crew during flight operations. In view of this, the question arises - why do the same well-known dangerous factors, based on the psychophysiological features and limitations inherent in a particular individual piloting the aircraft, continue to affect flight safety in the most negative way. This is explained by the fact that during the entire period of aviation development, the tasks of accidents prevention were solved, and the tasks of the particular flight safety and managing the safety of a particular flight were not given due attention. During the creation of the fundamentals of a modern flight safety system, the primary object of impact is to determine the primary aviation system, the main elements of which are a particular pilot and a particular aircraft on which he performs the flight. With such a prioritization of flight safety issues, the identity of a particular pilot as a central element of a manned aviation system prevails. In this case, it becomes obvious the need for a systematic consideration of the qualities of a given pilot, capable of affecting flight safety - what is called the personal factor in the language of aviation specialists. The personal factor is in fact an integral part of the factor, so the real opportunity to control the human of the flight crew of aviation units will appear subject to the control of the personal factor of each particular pilot. To do this the personality-oriented approach in assessing and managing the state of the aviation system is required.

Colonization of Different Grapevine Tissues by Plasmopara viticola-A Histological Study.

Plasmopara viticola, the downy mildew pathogen, is one of the most important pathogens in European viticulture. This oomycete infects grapevine leaves via zoospores that encyst at stomata. A primary germ tube then enters the substomatal cavity and develops a tubular network of hyphae that proliferate intercellularly and parasitize the leaf mesophyll cells by haustoria. Leaf infections have thus been the primary object of multiple studies concerning the physiology of the pathogen and defense reactions of grapevines. Besides leaves, this oomycete pathogen is able to spread throughout the plant tissue. As shown here by microscopy, it colonizes leaf petioles, shoots, berries and seeds. Evidence is provided showing that this process is facilitated by formation of special fan-shaped hyphae that seem to be necessary to overcome physical barriers in plant tissues. Physical obstacles are mainly constituted by vascular tissue in leaf veins, leaf petioles and shoots. In grapevine shoots, the mycelium seems to extend along the cambial layer between xylem and phloem tissue. Infected young berries are completely colonized on the inside. Older infected “leather berries” show glossy appositions of the fan-shaped hyphae at the inner side of the berry skin. The seeds from that stage of infestation are devoid of endosperm and embryo and biologically dysfunctional. Furthermore, a classification system for P. viticola infection based on the degree of infections in petioles and shoot tips is presented. This study contributes to a better understanding of downy mildew pathogenesis in grapevine, a prerequisite for efficient control measures.

Hierarchical Deep Cosegmentation of Primary Objects in Aerial Videos

Primary object segmentation plays an important role in understanding videos generated by unmanned aerial vehicles. In this paper, we propose a large-scale dataset with 500 aerial videos and manually annotated primary objects. To the best of our knowledge, it is the largest dataset to date for primary object segmentation in aerial videos. From this dataset, we find most aerial videos contain large-scale scenes, small primary objects as well as consistently varying scales and viewpoints. Inspired by that, we propose a hierarchical deep co-segmentation approach that repeatedly divides a video into two sub-videos formed by the odd and even frames, respectively. In this manner, the primary objects shared by sub-videos can be co-segmented by training two-stream CNNs and finally refined within the neighborhood reversible flows. Experimental results show that our approach remarkably outperforms 17 state-of-the-art methods in segmenting primary objects in various types of aerial videos.

Breaking Up From What? The Corporeal Politics of Values in the Duanlie yundong (Rupture Movement)

This study, which provides close readings of short stories written by 朱文 (1967-), Han Dong 韩东 (1961-) and Dong Xi (1966-), major exponents of a Nanjing-based group of writers called Duanlie 断裂 (Rupture), suggests that for these writers the body is represented in terms of human capital (suzhi 素质) in a way that resonates well with what the political scientist Crawford Brough Macpherson has defined as «possessive individualism». In fact, their characters’ individual private body is for them the most important capital as well as the primary object of self-investment; they owe nothing to society; they regard personal relations as market relations breaking free from traditional kinship bonds and, finally, they regard themselves as «proprietor of themselves». What these middle-class intellectuals introduce in their writings is the newly-born middle-class consumer willing to celebrate, as Paterson says, «carnivalesque consuming bodies celebrating popular pleasures, not of the mind, but of the body» (2005, 105).

Making Heterogeneous Specimen Data ‘FAIR’: Implementing a digital specimen repository

The definition of a digital specimen is proposed to encompass the digital representation(s) of physical specimens from natural science collections. The digital specimen concept is intended to define a representation (digital object) that brings together an array of heterogeneous data types, which are themselves alternative physical specimen representations. In this case, the digital specimen (DS) holds references to specimen data from a collection management system, images, 3D models, research articles, DNA sequences, collector information, among many other data types. The proposal is to create persistent relationships between the DS and other categories of digital objects (e.g. resource types mentioned above, collections, storage platforms, organisations, databases, and provenance data). Complying with FAIR data principles (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reuse), i.e., achieving data ‘FAIRness’, eases data integration, which is needed for cross-disciplinary linking and combination of data from different domains, making the DS as a comprehensive package of information about a specimen. Implementation and access to a digital specimen repository (DSR) as a Digital Object Architecture (Sharp 2016) component demonstrates the alignment of the DS concept and FAIR data principles (Wilkinson et al. 2016, Kahn and Wilensky 2006). The DSR fulfills four roles: data producer, resource manager, data publisher, and collaboration space. As data producer, the DSR allows acquisition and curation (indexing, storage) of DSs linking primary data, models, analyses, and other digital object types. As resource manager, the DSR manages access to distributed platforms, ranging from acquisition networks (digitisation stations, museums, herbariums) to processing services, advanced computational resources, data asset storage systems, and specialised servers. As data publisher, the DSR provides access to data assets from national and transnational data archives. As collaboration space, the DSR supports users’ accessing, sharing and (re)using data assets, and derived data products and services. Adopting the collaboration space and data publisher roles, the DSR implements interfaces that expose the DSs to the research community, fulfilling the FAIR findability, accessibility, and reuse principles. Adopting the data producer and resource manager roles, the DSR creates meaningful and persistent relationships required to link DSs and other types of digital objects, fulfilling the FAIR interoperability principle. A prototype DSR based on the Cordra digital object repository has been deployed (Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) 2018, Reilly and Tupelo-Schneck 2010). The advantages of Cordra are: rapid deployment, customisable object model, creation of relations between digital objects, and application program interfaces for programmatic access. Rapid deployment of the DSR provides a tangible target for discussing the implementation of the DS concept. The customisable object model enables the refinement and enhancing of the definition of DS in response to feedback from colleagues who have accessed the DSR and used its contents. Creating relations between digital objects enables flexible linking to digital objects stored in different repositories. Accessing the DSR programmatically through APIs enables extending the use of the repository in different platforms (e.g. mobile devices) as well as integration with other repositories and services. As well as supporting a HTTP-oriented API, Cordra implements Digital Object Interface Protocol (DONA Foundation 2018), allowing the definition of operations to act directly on selected DSs in the repository. The DSR prototype has been demonstrated by providing access to the repository administrative interface and with a custom interface designed to facilitate access by different user groups, such as collection curators, researchers, teachers, and students. The client interface has been designed to demonstrate a subset of the functionalities derived from user stories, which describe software features from the end-user perspective. Demonstrating the DSR capabilities as proposed, will inform the refinement of the design of the DS model and provide early feedback about the needed software features.

Bridge Clustering for Systematic Recognition of Damage Patterns on Bridge Elements

AbstractIn this paper, bridge clustering for the systematic recognition of damage patterns on bridge elements is described based on massive data sets of bridges. To achieve this primary object with...

A Fine Granularity Object-Level Representation for Event Detection and Recounting

Multimedia events such as “birthday party” usually involve the complex interaction between humans and objects. Unlike actions and sports, these events rarely contain unique motion patterns to be vividly explored for recognition. To encode rich objects in the events, a common practice is to tag an individual video frame with object labels, represented as a vector signifying probabilities of object appearances. These vectors are then pooled across frames to obtain a video-level representation. The current practices suffer from two deficiencies due to the direct employment of deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and standard feature pooling techniques. First, the use of max-pooling and softmax layers in DCNN overemphasize the primary object or scene in a frame, producing a sparse vector that overlooks the existence of secondary or small-size objects. Second, feature pooling by max or average operator over sparse vectors makes the video-level feature unpredictable in modeling the object composition of an event. To address these problems, this paper proposes a new video representation, named Object-VLAD, which treats each object equally and encodes them into a vector for multimedia event detection. Furthermore, the vector can be flexibly decoded to identify evidences such as key objects to recount the reason why a video is retrieved for an event of interest. Experiments conducted on MED13 and MED14 datasets verify the merit of Object-VLAD by consistently outperforming several state-of-the-arts in both event detection and recounting.

A criminal tribunal and a wide-ranging reparation programme is necessary for the victims of sexual violence and torture in Iraq.

The frequency and extreme nature of sexual violence committed in Iraq, primarily by the self-declared Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) from 2014 onwards, has shocked the international community. Now, four years later, victory over ISIL has been proclaimed but addressing past atrocities and their consequences has barely begun. There is a wide discrepancy between Iraq's human rights obligations, stressed by the United Nations (UN), and the reality on the ground, shaped by the Iraqi authorities. The present paper aims to highlight this discrepancy by providing an overview of the crimes committed, their qualification under international law, and the efforts of Iraqi authorities to punish those responsible. It will also discuss legal frameworks and the role of the UN, before positing some possible solutions. Object of the inquiry. The primary object of this inquiry is the conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) that has taken place in Iraq since 2014. The term CRSV is used in the international discourse to designate sexual violence occurring during or following armed conflict. UN bodies have set a gravity threshold for defining CRSV-incidents or patterns of acts of sexual violence such as "rape, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity" (UN Action Against Sexual Violence in Conflict, 2011, p. 3).

New applications of gaze tracking in speech science

We present an overview of speech research applications of gaze tracking technology, where gaze behaviours are exploited as a tool for analysis rather than as a primary object of study. The methods presented are all in their infancy, but can greatly assist the analysis of digital audio and video as well as unlock the relationship between writing and other encodings on the one hand, and natural language, such as speech, on the other. We discuss three directions in this type of gaze tracking application: modelling of text that is read aloud, evaluation and annotation with naïve informants, and evaluation and annotation with expert annotators. In each of these areas, we use gaze tracking information to gauge the behaviour of people when working with speech and conversation, rather than when reading text aloud or partaking in conversations, in order to learn something about how the speech may be analysed from a human perspective.

The speech act of threatening in German and Polish: Semantic and pragmatic aspects

The major objectives of this study are to attempt to situate the speech act of threatening in the classification of speech acts and – on the basis of the linguistic and social factors conditioning the use of this speech act – to define the speech act of threatening for the purpose of analyzing the linguistic material. Additionally, the paper seeks to propose the main structure of the aforementioned speech act and a variety of factors conditioning its use in modern German and Polish.
 The primary object of research in this work is the speech act of threatening analysed within the methodology of pragmalinguistics. The research material is composed of examples of the speech act of threatening in modern spoken Polish and German.
 The analysis of the speech act of threatening presented in this study is an introduction and it will be further elaborated on in a monograph study of this topic.

THE ROLE OF PLANS IN THE FORMATION OF A NEW INNOVATION PRACTICE: AN INNOVATION OBJECT PERSPECTIVE

This paper explores the role of plans, as objects, in the formation of new innovation practice in organisations. A vocabulary for analysis is developed from innovation object theory. First, findings from an ethnographic study in a hospital organisation show that a plan serves several functions depending on its activation for use: a checklist of past practice (tertiary object), an opener for debates over current practice (secondary object) and a trigger for future practice development (primary object). Second, a framework is offered that shows how a plan supports different functionalities (evaluating, debating, further exploring) in a temporal dynamics of practice formation. Third, thus, plans play a significant role not only in planning activities, but also as connectors that shape and patch together pieces of past, present and future into what actually become new organisational practice. Finally, implications for innovation theory and management are drawn from these novel contributions.

O teološko-praktičnem pomenu odnosa med znanstveno paradigmo razumevanja človeka, sveta in vesolja ter paradigmo vere

One of the most actual theological and cultural questions nowadays is the question of a harmonious relation between the scientific-technological paradigm of the understanding of man, the world and the universe and the paradigm of faith. This question does not just have relevance of a biblical, dogmatic or ethical-moral nature, but it also has the relevance of a theological-practical or pastoral nature as well. This theological-practical field of discernment of the relation that is pointed out above is the primary object of this article. Undertaking a discernment of this kind, it is possible to start with the problem of the so-called cosmic pessimism. This problem has immeasurable consequences in the cultural and practical area of life and many other problems are connected to it. On the theological side of the coin, many segments of understanding the faith with respect to the paradigm of science today do not always show an attempt at the harmonious fitting of the elements of the faith into the totality of the realization of life. There is the issue of developing theology in the modern and postmodern periods and the often lack of recognition of the scientific picture of the world. There are also some other theological elements which are very challenging regarding this entire debate, such as the question of the motives for genuine moral living, relations to people with different beliefs and worldviews, some practical issues regarding the models of evangelization, and practical actions of the parish and the other Church communities, etc.