Primary Lipid Peroxidation Products Research Articles

Prospective study of the cytokine profile and antioxidant status of patients with pyoderma

Background. The importance of studying the pathogenetic features of pyoderma associated with Streptococcus pyogenes is associated with the severity of the course of the disease, frequent relapses with a short inter-relapse period, and long-term disability.The severity of the course, long-term disability, violations of the pro-oxidate mechanisms recorded in patients with poidermias associated with Streptococcus pyogenes are priority and timely.
 Aims. Study of the cytokine, prooxidant and antioxidant profiles of patients with pyoderma associated with Streptococcus pyogenes.
 Мethods. А prospective study of the cytokine profile, the level of antioxidant defense enzymes, and lipid peroxidation factors in patients with pyoderma, lasting more than 2 years, associated with Streptococcus pyogenes, was carried out. The study included 100 people with diffuse lesions of smooth skin, identified on the skin surface of Streptococcus pyogenes, at the age of 28.76 6.24 years; in blood serum, the content of cytokines IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-, IFN-, IL-1 was studied by enzyme immunoassay, in whole blood the content of primary, secondary and final products of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes protection superoxide dismutase and catalase.
 Results. Analysis of the content of cytokines showed a significant decrease in the concentration of IL-2, an increase in IL-10, TNF-, IL-8, IL-1 in the blood serum of patients with streptoderma compared with the reference values of healthy people (p 0.05). In whole blood plasma, an increase in the concentration of primary, secondary and final products of lipid peroxidation was registered with a significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase and catalase relative to the indicators of healthy volunteers (p 0.05).
 Conclusions. In patients with streptoderma, an increase in the production of cytokines with pro-inflammatory and chemotactic properties in response to the invasion of the pathogen and its persistence was revealed. The intracellular nature of the parasitization of Streptococcus pyogenes contributes to the enhancement of the systemic and local inflammatory process, the formation of oxidative stress, the accumulation of primary, secondary and final products of lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. A decrease in the content of interleukin 2, which has immunoregulatory properties in patients with streptoderma, leads to impaired immune homeostasis, a decrease in the processes of differentiation in the direction of the Th1 immune response, proliferation of T-lymphocytes, a violation of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the main subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes, which is clinically expressed in this occurrence of relapses in categories of patients.

Cytokine profile and oxidative stress parameters in women with initial manifestations of pelvic venous insufficiency

<abstract> <p>Pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI) in women is widespread and is closely associated with the risk of reproductive disorders (in 15–25% of patients) and a high rate of the disease recurrence after treatment. The factors involved in venous wall damage include atherogenic stimuli and chronic endotoxin aggression due to inflammatory processes. The changes in the initial stages of the disease are usually minor and selective. There is currently an urgent need to identify initial markers of these changes to develop preventive measures for their correction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the cytokine profile parameters' levels, as well as the activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) reactions in women with initial manifestations of PVI. Thirty-nine female patients with PVI (mean age 37.4 ± 9.1 years old) were the subjects of the study. The diagnosis was verified by clinical and instrumental examination including ultrasound angioscanning of the pelvic veins and therapeutic and diagnostic laparoscopy, and it was finally confirmed histologically. The control group included 30 nearly healthy women (mean age 33.5 ± 6.3 years old) who underwent surgical sterilization by laparoscopic access. Spectrophotometric, fluorometric and immunoassay methods were used in the study. The cytokine profile in female patients with PVI, as compared to the control group, was characterized by an increased concentration of proinflammatory (interleukin (IL) (IL-6) and IL-8) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and higher ratio values (IL-6/IL-10). The level of primary LPO products, conjugated dienes, was significantly increased and level of final products TBARs values was decreased in comparison to the control. The AOD system main enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), was decreased, while the catalase activity increased. In patients with PVI, the glutathione reduced form concentration was lower than in the control group. The results of the study in women with PVI suggest negative changes in the cytokine profile and multidirectional changes in the indicators of the LPO system state in the initial stages of the disease. The control of these changes in patients with PVI should probably be an important component of preventive measures in the initial stages of the disease.</p> </abstract>

Изменения в системе липопероксидации при базовой терапии экзогенно- конституционального ожирения у подростков разного пола

Objective. To reveal changes in lipid peroxidation parameters and antioxidant protection components against the background of standard non-pharmacological therapy for exogenous constitutional obesity in adolescents of different sex. Patients and methods. Forty-six adolescents aged 12–17 years with obesity were examined before and after non-pharmacological therapy. The control group included 36 healthy adolescents. We analyzed the composition of lipid peroxidation products – conjugated dienes (CD), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (KD and CT), TBA-active products and activity of antioxidant protection factors: total antioxidant activity (AOA), levels of α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG), their ratio (GSH/GSSG ratio), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. Results. Male adolescents with obesity had lower values of primary lipid peroxidation products compared to the control group – CD (1.35-fold, p = 0,001) and antioxidant protection factors: total AOA (1.16-fold, p = 0,036) and SOD activity (1.49-fold, p < 0.0001), whereas secondary products – KD and CT were elevated (1.42-fold, p = 0,046). Standard therapy in male adolescents did not lead to normalization of the studied parameters. Significantly lower were the values of total AOA (1.4-fold, p = 0.0001), SOD activity (1.42-fold, p < 0.0001) and α-tocopherol (1.33-fold, p = 0.012) in female adolescents with exogenous constitutional obesity compared to the control group. After standard therapy, there was an increase in GSSG levels (1.14-fold, p = 0.029). Conclusion. The presence of negative changes in the pro- and antioxidant status in adolescents with obesity, which was not normalized after a course of standard therapy, was shown. Additional pharmacological correction by prescription of antioxidant drugs becomes relevant. Key words: antioxidant protection, standard therapy, oxidative stress, adolescents, exogenous constitutional obesity

OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THE STATE OF ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCES IN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME

Abstract: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is zoonotic viral disease with domination of the destabilization of cell membranes in the pathogenesis. An increase in lipid peroxidation is important in membrane damage. Circulating lipid peroxidation products affect the cell membranes of the vascular endothelium, early damage to which by the HFRS virus inevitably leads to vascular dysfunction with marked disturbance of microcirculation processes and development of organ and tissue hypoxia. The manifestation of the damaging effects of peroxide compounds is prevented by a complex system that diminishes the formation of peroxides and provides its breaking. The antioxidant system includes both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms to protect cells and subcellular structures. Therefore, at the same time study of the mechanism of the development of primary (initial) links of lipid peroxidation and dynamics of antioxidant system work in HFRS allows using more effective therapy of this severe viral infection, aimed at reducing lipid peroxidation processes and improving the quality of antioxidant system work. The aim of this study is to investigate the rate of primary lipid peroxidation processes in HFRS using the example of changes in the concentration of primary lipid peroxidation products: diene conjugates and diene ketones, and the functioning of the body's antioxidant system using the example of superoxide dismutase as the first line of defence. For a more complete evaluation of the primary lipid peroxidation processes the KDC coefficient, the ratio of diene conjugate concentrations to diene ketones, was introduced. This coefficient shows how the rate of the initial lipid peroxidation processes changes, namely the change in the concentration of diene conjugates and its further transformation to diene ketones. From the change in this coefficient, we could consider the course of the disease. When the KDC coefficient decreased, there was an increase in superoxide dismutase activity, which was accompanied by a reduction in clinical manifestations and improvement in the well-being of the patients. In the case of an increase in the KDC ratio, the activity of superoxide dismutase increases slightly, indicating an increase in the rate of the initial lipid peroxidation processes and further cell membrane damage. It seems to be associated with more severe complications that occur in the presence of some associated diseases.

Oxidative stress in moss Bryum caespiticium (Bryaceae) under the influence of high temperature and light intensity in a technogenically transformed environment

Mosses are pioneer plants in post-technogenic areas. Therefore, the question of adaptive reactions of mosses from these habitats represents a scientific interest. The research is devoted to the study of adaptive changes in the metabolism of the dominant moss species Bryum caespiticium Hedw., collected in the devastated territories of the Novoyavorivsk State Mining and Chemical Enterprise (SMCE) “Sirka (Sulfur)” exposed to hyperthermia and insolation, which cause oxidative stress in plants. The influence of these stressors on the activity and thermal stability of antioxidant enzymes, hydrogen peroxide content, anion radical generation and accumulation of prooxidant components in moss shoots was studied. The activity and thermal stability of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analysed forB. caespiticium moss from different locations of northern exposure at the sulfur mining dump No 1 in summer and autumn. We established the dependence of the activity of antioxidant enzymes of moss on the intensity of light and temperature on the experimental plots of the dump No 1. In summer, the highest activity and thermal stability rates of peroxidase and SOD were observed. Under the conditions of the experiment in shoots of В. caespiticium from the northern peak of the dump under the influence of 2 hours temperature action (+ 42 ºС) the most significant increase in peroxidase activity was found by 1.78 times and SOD by 1.89 times, as well as increase in its thermal stability by 1.35–1.42 times, respectively. The increase in peroxidase and SOD activity, as well as the increase in their thermal stability caused by hyperthermia were negated by pre-processing with a protein biosynthesis inhibitor cyclohexamide, which may indicate the participation of the protein-synthesizing system in this process. The effect of increasing the thermal stability of enzymes can be considered as a mechanism of adaptation of the protein-synthesizing system to the action of high temperatures. Increase in the activity and thermal stability of antioxidant enzymes is caused primarily by changes in the expression of stress protein genes, which control the synthesis of specific adaptogens and protectors. The obtained results indicate that the extreme conditions of the anthropogenically transformed environment contribute to the development of forms with the highest potential abilities. The mechanism of action of high temperatures is associated with the development of oxidative stress, which is manifested in the intensification of lipid peroxidation and the generation of superoxide anion radical. It was found that temperature stress and high insolation caused an increased generation of superoxide anion radical as the main inducers of protective reactions in the samples of B. caespiticium from the experimental transect of the sulfur mining heap. It is known that the synthesis of Н2О2 occurs under stress and is a signal to start a number of molecular, biochemical and physiological processes of cells, including adaptation of plants to extreme temperatures. It is shown that high temperatures initiate the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, including Н2О2, under the action of extreme temperatures, can cause the activation of signaling systems. Therefore, the increase in the content of Н2О2 as a signaling mediator is a component of the antioxidant protection system. It is determined that adaptive restructuring of the metabolism of the moss В. caespiticium is associated with the accumulation of signaling prooxidant components (diene and triene conjugates and dienketones). The increase in primary lipid peroxidation products, detected by us, under the action of hyperthermia may indicate the intensification of free radical oxidation under adverse climatic conditions in the area of the sulfur production dump, which leads to the intensification of lipid peroxidation processes. The accumulation of radical and molecular lipid peroxidation products are signals for the activation of protective systems, activators of gene expression and processes that lead to increased resistance of plants.

Comparative evaluation of salivary F2-isoprostane in type II Diabetic patients with non-diabetic individuals

Brief Background Oxidative stress is increased in diabetes mellitus due to excessive production of oxygen free radicals and a deficiency in antioxidant mechanism. F2-isoprostanes are primary end products of lipid peroxidation and are considered to be a biological marker for assessing oxidative stress in tissues. This study aims to evaluate the level of salivary F2-isoprostane in type II diabetic patients and compare it with non-diabetic individuals. Materials and Methods A total of 150 subjects were included in the study comprising of 50 patients with controlled diabetes (Group I), 50 patients with uncontrolled diabetes (Group II) and 50 non-diabetic individuals (Group III).We analyzed the salivary F2 -isoprostane in these subjects using a sandwich ELISA technique. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0. One way ANOVA was used for the comparison of salivary F2-isoprostane levels among the study groups and Scheffe multiple comparison analysis was used to compare the level of isoprostane between the groups. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results Salivary F2-isoprostane levels were significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled diabetes compared to controlled diabetes (p<0.01). Non-diabetic individuals showed lower levels of salivary F2 isoprostanes compared to diabetic patients and were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). Discussion Salivary isoprostanes are reliable markers to assess oxidative damage in patients with diabetes mellitus and hence anti oxidants can be initiated at an early stage to prevent complications. Summary and Conclusions The result of the study indicates that salivary F2-isoprostane can be used as a valuable marker of oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Key Words Diabetes mellitus, ELISA, F2-isoprostanes

Lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in tick-borne encephalitis and ixodic tick-borne borreliosis

BACKGROUND: In the South Ural region of Russia, the group of ITTB and TBE occupies the leading rank positions in the structure of infections that are ecologically associated with ixodic ticks. At the present stage, studies aimed at studying non-specific pathological biochemical processes that determine the degree of oxidative damage to cell membranes and organelle membranes, the reactivity of the body, its reserve-adaptive potential under the influence of a number of endogenous and exogenous factors are becoming particularly relevant. One of the most significant metabolic processes of this kind is the free radical oxidation of lipids and the oxidative modification of proteins.
 AIMS: To give a clinical and epidemiological characteristic and to study the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various clinical forms of tick-borne infections in an endemic region (on the example of the Chelyabinsk region).
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the clinical base of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Southern State Medical University in the MAUZ GKB No. 8 in Chelyabinsk. The study randomly included 105 patients with tick-borne encephalitis, ixodic tick-borne borreliosis and mixed infection who were hospitalized in the hospital in the period from May to October 20182019. The diagnosis was verified by standard immunological methods (ELISA). Modern molecular genetic methods (PCR-RV) were used in the etiological diagnosis of ICD. Material for the study: leukocyte fraction and blood serum. The content of carbonyl products of oxidative modification of proteins was estimated by their reaction with 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, followed by spectrophotometric registration of the interaction products-dinitrophenylhydrazones. When determining the content of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation, a method based on the phenomenon of rearrangement of double bonds into diene conjugates during the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids was used. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out by standard methods of nonparametric statistics using the Statistica 8.0 for Windows software package.
 RESULTS: In the structure of infections transmitted by ixodic ticks, ixodic tick-borne borreliosis was most often registered (50.5%), tick-borne encephalitis was observed in 44.8% of cases, mixed infection ― in 4.7%. Borrelia miyamotoi DNA was detected by PCR-RV in 8.6% of biological samples (blood serum, leukocyte fraction). When analyzing the results of oxidative modification of proteins and lipid peroxidation, a reliable picture of oxidative stress is observed, which is more pronounced in patients with ixodic tick-borne borreliosis.
 CONCLUSION: The revealed changes in the study of oxidative stress in patients with tick-borne encephalitis and ixodic tick-borne borreliosis not only indicate the prospects of developing new approaches to the pathogenetic therapy of tick-borne infections, providing for the use of antioxidants in complex therapy, but also suggest a greater effectiveness of direct-acting lipophilic antioxidants that limit diene conjugation, and thereby prevent the accumulation of secondary cytotoxic products of lipid peroxidation.

Investigation of Antidiabetogenic Effect of the Iodine-Selenium Concentrate in Animals with Chronic Alloxan Diabetes of Varying Severity

BACKGROUND: The diabetogenic effect of alloxan is known is determined by ability to stimulate lipid peroxydation processes in B-cells of the pancreas.
 AIM: to investigate of the possible antidiabetic action of long time prolonged of Iodine-Selenium concentrate action in rats with alloxan diabetes.
 METHODS: Reproduction of experimental alloxan diabetes was carried out in rats by a single intravenous injection of alloxan 35-43 mg / kg body weight. The “iodine-selenium” concentrate was administered per os through a tube at the rate of 1.25 ml / 100 g of the concentrate. In experimental animals with mild and heavy diabetes mellitus, the level of glucose in the blood was assessed, products of LPO-AOD; the state of the histostructure of the pancreas and of insulin content in B cells were studied using of aldehyde fuchsin and diethylpseudoisocyanine methods.
 RESULTS: Long time prolonged administration of the “iodine-selenium” concentrate (60 days) to animals with mild experimental diabetes mellitus is accompanied by a significant decrease in blood glucose levels by 1.89 times compared to the control (p ˂ 0.05) and of LPO within normal values as by increase of the level of glutathione peroxidase (GPO) by 2.23 times compared with the initial (p˂ 0.01), by prevention of the development of histological changes in pancreatic islets and a slight decrease of insulin content in B-cells. Under similar experimental conditions in animals with severe alloxan diabetes, the level of glycemia significantly decreased from 20.23 ± 2.15 mmol / l to 12.39 ± 1.52 mmol / l as of the level of diene conjugates of erythrocytes and plasma, as decrease of ketodienes, MDA of plasma and in erythrocytes and primary lipid peroxidation products, while remaining elevated, despite an increase in GPO by 50.0% compared with control (p˂0.05) in the presence of histological changes in the pancreatic islets as in experimental diabetes.
 
 CONCLUSION: The antidiabetic effect of the “iodine-selenium” concentrate in rats with mild alloxan diabetes on the level of glycemia, LPO - AOD and state of the histostructure of the pancreas and the content of deposited insulin in pancreatic B-cells, is probably due to antioxidant effect of selenium to stimulate activity of glutathione blocking lipid peroxide and hydrogen peroxide in alloxan diabetes mellitus.

The role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy

The aim of work – to analysis of changes in the level of primary products of lipid peroxidation in experimental animals were simulated diabetic retinopathy and against the background of its correction.
 The obtained results indicate an increase in the content of lipid peroxidation, starting from the 30th and with further progression on the 60th and 180th days of experimental diabetic retinopathy, which is confirmed by an increase in the level of diene conjugates in the 2nd group, the maximum of which is observed at the 3rd stage. Correction with hypoglycemic agents in the 3rd group had a positive effect, but was not able to reduce the level of primary products of lipid peroxidation and restore antioxidant activity, so the use of additional agents became necessary. The use of aflibercept and a nitric oxide donor in the 4th group to correct the development of diabetic retinopathy significantly suppressed oxidative stress, the maximum of which occurred on the 180th day of the experiment, but did not reach control indicators. It was proven that the combined administration of bromfenac and aflibercept in the 5th group significantly reduced the number of primary LPO products, but not as significantly as in the 4th group. It was proved that the administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac to the animals of the 6th group reduced the content of diene conjugates already on the 30th and continued on the 60th and 180th days of the study, but it also did not reach the control indicators. The combination of metformin, aflibercept, L-arginine and citicoline in rats of the 7th group proved to be the most effective correction, as evidenced by the normalization of the level of the studied indicators on the 30th and 60th days of the experiment, and on the 180th, a decrease in the content of markers was detected oxidative stress to control indicators.

Antioxidant activity of some organosulfur compounds in vitro

The medicinal properties of many natural plant products are related with the antioxidant action of their constituents- oligosulfides and polyphenols. To increase the effectiveness of the antioxidant effect in lipid peroxidation and for reducing of undesirable toxic effects the combination in one molecule of several functional groups that act by various mechanisms seems one profitable. The goal of present study was to determine the antioxidant properties of synthetic sterically hindered 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-mercaptophenol (1), bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)disulfide (2) in comparison with disulfides containing in plant products: diphenyl disulfide (3), dibenzyl disulfide (4), dibutyl disulfide (5), di-tert-butyl disulfide (6), diallyl disulfide (7), methyl propyl trisulfide (8). Antioxidant properties were investigated by various assays including DPPH radical scavenging, Cu2+ ion reduction (CUPRAC-test), model reactions of peroxidation of cis-9-octadecenoic (oleic) acid and lipids from the liver of Russian sturgeon in vitro as well as metal chelating activity. It was found that bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide demonstrated both high DPPH radical scavenging activity and TEACCUPRAC value and significantly decreased the level of primary products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) - lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) as well as secondary products - carbonyl compounds which form colored complexes with thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). All sulfur compounds demonstrated the inhibitory activity in oleic acid peroxidation except dibutyl disulfide. The maximum decrease of LOOH and TBARS in lipid peroxidation was detected for bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide. In the case of long-term LPO of liver lipids the antioxidant activity of all sulfur-containing compounds except diphenyl disulfide that exhibit pro-oxidant activity was ascertained. The efficiency of the antioxidant action of most compounds was decreased with time. Compound 2 was the only exception for which the increase in the efficiency of antioxidant action over time was discovered due to the presence of both 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol- and -S-S- fragments providing the prolonged antioxidant action. The high antioxidant efficiency let one to consider compound 2 for practical use as an effective inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in biological substrates and cytoprotector.

Prooxidant and antioxidant processes in lymphoma cells under the action of pyrazolopyrimidine derivative

Background. The influence in vitro of thiazole derivative 8-methyl-2-Me-7-[trifluoro­methyl-phenylmethyl]-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-[1,3]-thiazolo-[3,2-a]-pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (PP2) on the level of lipid peroxidation products, superoxide anion radical and antioxidant system activity in lymphoma cells was studied. A pronounced cytotoxic action of the thiazole derivative on the tumor cells in vitro was reported earlier, however, no cytotoxicity of this substance was detected toward non-cancerous cells. In addition, it was shown that the sca­vengers of active forms of Oxygen significantly reduced the cytotoxic effect of the studied compound. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of 8-methyl-2-Me-7-[trifluoromethyl-phenylmethyl]-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-[1,3]-thiazolo-[3,2-a]-pyrimidin-4(2H)-one on the content of lipid peroxidation products, superoxide radical and the activity of enzymes of antioxidant defense in the lymphoma cells. Materials and Methods. Experiments were conducted on white wild-type male mice with grafted NK/Ly lymphoma. Ascites tumor cells were passaged by the intreperitoneal inoculation to mice. Abdominal drainage with ascites was performed with a sterile syringe under ether anesthesia. PP2 was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide. The product content and enzymatic activity were determined spectrophotometrically. Statistical analysis of obtained results was carried out using MS Excel-2013 program. Results. The influence of the pyrazolopyrimidine derivative on the content of lipid peroxidation products and superoxide radical in lymphoma cells was investigated. It was found that the studied compound did not change the amount of the primary lipid peroxidation products, but reduced the amount of secondary products. A decrease in the MDA content under the action of the studied derivative indicates probable interaction of the substance with the reactive Oxygen species. Pyrazolopyrimidine derivative did not change the level of the superoxide radical. The effect of the thiazole derivative on the activity of key enzymes of the antioxidant system in lymphoma cells was investigated. The studied compound at the concentration of 10 µM activated superoxide dismutase. Pyrazolopyrimidine derivative decreased the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Such changes in the activity of enzymes can cause the growth of hydrogen peroxide in the cell, which is toxic in large quantities. Conclusions. The obtained results may indicate that the studied pyrazolopyrimidine derivative can realize its cytotoxic effect on lymphoma cells though the action on the pro­ducts of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system activity. These data can be used to understand the mechanism of action of the studied compounds and for further improvement of their antitumor effect. Keywords: lymphoma, pyrazolopyrimidine derivative, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system, antitumor drugs

State of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in chronic gastritis associated with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-infection in middle-aged males

Helicobacter pylori is the most widespread human pathogen, with prevalence reaching up to 20—40% and 80— 90% of adult infection in developed and developing countries, respectively. Many authors consider this infection as a major factor in the development of gastric cancer. In case of H. pylori infection, free homogeneous oxidation is augmented, that elevates the blood amount of POL products. Hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species stimulates free radical POL, accompanied by membrane destruction, damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. Thus, the destruction of the intracellular and cell outer membranes occurs resulting in cell death. In diseases associated with H. pylori infection, there is a dysregulation of the lipid peroxidation system — antioxidant defense contributing to inconsistency in the regeneration phases triggering disease progression. The aim of our work was to study indicators of POL (diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde) and antioxidant protection (AOP) (superoxide dismutase enzymes, catalase) in chronic gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis associated with H. pylori infection. In patients with CG associated with H. pylori as well as CAG and CAG associated with H. pylori they were featured with increased amount of primary (↑DC) and end TBA-active products of lipid peroxidation (↑MDA), whereas activity of superoxide dismutase was decreased, additionally highlighted with reduced catalase activity (↑CAT) in CAG and CAG associated with H. pylori. H. pylori just triggers the mechanisms of ROS generation in host cells. The energy of redox reactions is used by the microorganism to carry out its physiological functions and serves as a factor in its own pathogenicity, the ROS generated in such reactions can have a damaging effect on the structure of gastric mucosa. In addition, examining H. pylori genome has shown that it bears the genes encoding oxidative metabolism enzymes, such as SOD, catalase, nitroreductase, flavodoxin oxidoreductase. Long-term persistence of H. pylori in the gastric mucosa paralleled with its increased biomass accounts for it being the main source of ROS production able to augment lipid peroxidation and cause damage to the membrane structures and DNA of gastric epithelium cells.

Content of lipid peroxidation products in pig meat at industrial and domestic slaughter

The nutritional value of meat, its organoleptic characteristics and therefore the shelf life depend on the content of lipid peroxidation products in it. Intermediates of peroxidation can have a toxic effect on the human body and are one of the main factors of non-microbial degradation of meat and various products. Based on this, the aim of this work was to study the content of lipid peroxidation products in pig meat of different origins. Furthermore, the aim was to establish the level of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation in meat, selected from different parts of the carcass. Meat samples were taken immediately after the pigs were slaughtered. A total of 3 meat samples were taken from 10 pig carcasses. One sample of meat was taken from each of the carcasses from the cervical, dorsal and femoral parts. The first 5 pigs were kept in industrial conditions and were slaughtered within the industrial slaughterhouse, and the second 5 were kept and slaughtered in personal farms. The results of the research showed that the highest level of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation is registered in the meat obtained from the dorsal part of pork carcass, which is primarily due to its fat-acid composition. In meat selected from the cervical and femoral parts, the level of the studied indicators is probably lower. During storage, lipid peroxidation activity increases from the first to the fourth day and decreases slightly until the seventh. The increase in the level of all studied indicators on the fourth day of meat storage is due to the fact that natural components contained in muscle tissue, such as ferrum, myoglobin, hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid can cause lipid oxidation, acting as catalysts or promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species. In the case of domestic keeping and slaughter, pig meat was found to have significantly higher concentrations of diene conjugates, lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products compared to industrial. The main prerequisite for this is an unbalanced diet, especially in terms of the content of substances that have antioxidant properties.

The Functional State of the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Potato Plants upon Destruction of the Tubulin Cytoskeleton

We have investigated the effect of colchicine, a disrupting agent of the tubulin cytoskeleton, on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the Hill reaction, noncyclic photophosphorylation, and the lipid peroxidation reaction in Solanum tuberosum grown in soil in a greenhouse environment. The destruction of microtubules caused an increase in the content of lipid fatty acid hydroperoxides, the primary product of lipid peroxidation, and led to changes in fluorescence parameters: F0 increased, Fm and the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) decreased, and the dissipation of electronic excitation energy as heat increased. Simultaneously, it was found that the Hill reaction rate and the intensity of the process of noncyclic photophosphorylation decreased. The results obtained in this work are discussed in view of the destruction of the integrity of the chloroplast membrane and changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters due to colchicine application, as well as in light of our previously obtained data on the change in the content of phytohormones and their concentration ratios in potato leaves when microtubules are destroyed.

The role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of experimental peritonitis

In the first hour simulated fecal peritonitis development in the rats blood revealed an increase in the level of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde (p <0.001 compared with the results of intact animals. In second stage was detected more pronounced increase in the level of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation (p <0.001) as compared with the data of the same hole in the first stage, and compared with the results of group No. 1). On the 3rd day of simulated peritonitis development in rats there is a marked deterioration of the animal condition, which was manifested in lipid peroxidation progression: the diene conjugates level increased at the level of significance p <0,001, and the level of malondialdehyde compared to p <0,05 data from the previous stage of the same group.

Lipid Hydroperoxidation Effect on the Dynamical Evolution of the Conductance Process in Bilayer Lipid Membranes: A Condition Toward Criticality.

Cell membranes are one of the main targets of oxidative processes mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These chemical species interact with unsaturated fatty acids of membrane lipids, triggering an autocatalytic chain reaction, producing lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) as the first relatively stable product of the ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation (LPO) process. Numerous biophysical and computational studies have been carried out to elucidate the LPO impact on the structure and organization of lipid membranes. However, although LOOHs are the major primary product of LPO of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), to the best of our knowledge, there is no experimental evidence on the effects of the accumulation of these LPO byproducts on the electrical properties and the underlying dynamics of lipid membranes. In this work, bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) containing 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline (POPC) with increasing hydroperoxidized POPC (POPC-OOH) molar proportions (BLMPC/PC-OOH) are used as model membranes to investigate the effect of LOOH-mediated LPO propagation on the electrical behavior of lipid bilayers. Voltage-induced ion current signals are analyzed by applying the fractal method of power spectrum density (PSD) analysis. We experimentally prove that, when certain LOOH concentration and energy threshold are overcome, oxidized membranes evolve toward a critical state characterized by the emergence of non-linear electrical behavior dynamics and the pore-type metastable structures formation. PSD analysis shows that temporal dynamics exhibiting "white" noise (non-time correlations) reflects a linear relationship between the input and output signals, while long-term correlations (β > 0.5) begin to be observed closely to the transition (critical point) from linear (Ohmic) to nonlinear (non-Ohmic) behavior. The generation of lipid pores appears to arise as an optimized energy dissipation mechanism based on the system's ability to self-organize and generate ordered structures capable of dissipating energy gradients more efficiently under stressful oxidative conditions.

ESTIMATION OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN TISSUES OF FISH FROM LAKES OF THE KENTI RIVER SYSTEM, REPUBLIC OF KARELIA

Lipid peroxidation in tissues of pike Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 and roach Rutilus ruti‑ lus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Lake Kostomukshskoe (storing tailings from the Kostomuksha ore mining and processing enterprise) was found to be more intensive than in fish living downstream the Kenti River. The content of lipid peroxidation products in the liver of fish from Lake Koivas was significantly lower than in fish living higher up the Kenti River. This may be due to significant differences in the concentration of ions in these water bodies. A high level of primary lipid peroxidation products – diene conjugates and diene ketones, was detected in the liver of roach and pike from the tailing pond, indicating the activation of the initial stages of peroxidation in fish tissues in response to a high level of minerals from the tailings pond. Among all the studied fish tissues the highest level of lipid peroxidation products was found in gills. This can be explained by the higher degree of oxygenation in this organ and, as a consequence, enhanced oxidation of membrane lipids in gills. The high mineralization of the Kostomuksha mining plant’s tailing dump creates an unusual, hypertonic habitat for freshwater fish. This affects, above all, the functioning of their gills, which regulate the body’s water-salt balance. Fine suspended solids in Lake Kostomukshskoe reduce the oxygenation of gills in roach and pike, thus affecting the rate of peroxidation processes. The tissue with the lowest content of lipid peroxidation products was muscles. The activity of peroxidation processes in muscles showed no significant variation among fish from different waterbodies. Fish from Lake Koivas (the farthest away from the industrial source) demonstrated the lowest degree of tissue peroxidation. The activity of peroxidation processes declines in the following sequence: gills-liver-muscles. The most pronounced variation in the content of lipid peroxidation products was found in the liver, presumably due to the high metabolic and detoxification activity of this organ. Based on the analysis of the studied parameters in the two fish species, pike is more resistant to industrial impact, most likely due to the characteristics of its ecology

Influence of “Thireomagnile” and “Thyrioton” preparations on the antioxidant status of pregnant cows with symptoms of endotoxicosis

The purpose of this search was to investigate the influence of “Thireomagnile” and “Thyrioton” on the antioxidant status of cows in the development of endotoxicosis. The experimental part of the work was performed at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Stepan Gzhytskyj Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, in the laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the State Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Preparation and Feed Additives (Lviv) and in the Ltd. “Barkom”, village Yampil of Pustomyty district, Lviv region. To solve the tasks of the research, three experimental groups of 10 pregnant cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted Dairy breed were formed in each: control and two experimental. Cows of the control group (K) had characteristic clinical signs of endotoxicosis. Animals of the first experimental group (E1) were given 10 mL per animal of “Thyroid magnet” at the eighth and ninth months of gestation. The animals of the second experimental group (E2) were given Thyrioton at a dose of 10 mL per animal in the eighth and ninth months of gestation. As a result of the conducted researches it is found out that in pregnant cows with clinical manifestation of endotoxicosis the inhibition of the activity of the antioxidant protection system and intensification of processes of lipid peroxidation occurs. The use of “Thireomagnile” and “Thyrioton” in cows by the development of endotoxicosis contributed to the increased activity of the antioxidant system, which is indicated by an increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The use of of “Thireomagnile” and “Thyrioton” to cows in the development of endotoxicosis contributed to the suppression of lipid peroxidation processes, which is indicated by the low level of primary and final products of lipid peroxidation, namely: lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products. Better normalizing action on the equilibrium on the activity of the antioxidant system and the intensity of lipid peroxidation was shown by the introduction of “Thyroid magnet” at a dose of 10 cm3 per animal.

Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense parameters, and dynamics of surgical treatment in men with mechanical jaundice of various origins

Mechanical jaundice is a severe pathological condition caused by obstruction of the bile duct, usually requiring surgical intervention. Mechanical jaundice occurs in 45–50% of all cases of jaundice of all types, and may be of either non-tumor or tumor origin. Due to involvement of oxidative stress reactions in mechanical jaundice pathogenesis, it is relevant to study the parameters of this process. This study assesses lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defense components in men with mechanical jaundice of non-tumor and tumor origin in the context of surgical treatment. This study examined 47 men with mechanical jaundice of non-tumor origin (MJNT) and 45 men with mechanical jaundice of tumor origin (MJT) (stages I-II of the tumor process). Data from 100 healthy men served as the control. High activity of lipid peroxidation accompanied by falling concentrations of antioxidant enzymes were observed in men with MJNT. Increased primary and final lipid peroxidation products and decreases in almost all studied components of the antioxidant defense system (superoxide dismutase, glutathioneS-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and ceruloplasmin) were observed. Similar observations emerged for patients with MJT, but with greater changes in parameters. The only indicator of difference between the groups was ceruloplasmin, with lower values in the MJT group. The MJNT group showed decreased thiobarbituric acid reactant values, catalase and ceruloplasmin both values were increased post-surgery. The post-surgery MJT group showed decreased conjugated dienes values and increased catalase and ceruloplasmin values. Thus, in MJNT patients, changes in the lipid peroxidation system relate to the stage of final products, which may serve as a favorable sign, in contrast to the MJT group, where changes concern only the stage of primary products. Based on the data obtained, antioxidant drugs are advised for patients with mechanical jaundice, with special attention given to the tumor origin of the disease.

Influence of 10-(6-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium on free-radical homeostasis in the heart and blood serum of rats with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia.

BACKGROUNDIt is known that under conditions of tissue tolerance to insulin, observed during type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), there is an increased production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the free radicals can initiate lipid peroxidation (LPO) in lipoprotein particles. The concentration of LPO products can influence the state of insulin receptors, repressing their hormone connection activity, which is expressed as a reduction of the glucose consumption by cells. It is possible that reduction in glucose concentration during administration of 10-(6-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) to rats with DM2 may be related to the antioxidant properties of this substance.AIMTo establish the influence of SkQ1 on free-radical homeostasis in the heart and blood serum of rats with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia.METHODSTo induce hyperglycemia, rats were fed a high-fat diet for 1 mo and then administered two intra-abdominal injections of streptozotocin with a 7-d interval at a 30 mg/kg of animal weight dose with citrate buffer equal to pH 4.4. SkQ1 solution was administered intraperitoneally at a 1250 nmol/kg dose per day. Tissue samples were taken from control animals, animals with experimental hyperglycemia, rats with streptozotocin-induced glycemia that were administered SkQ1 solution, animals housed under standard vivarium conditions that were administered SkQ1, rats that were administered intraperitoneally citrate buffer equal to pH 4.4 once a week during 2 wk after 1-mo high-fat diet, and animals that were administered intraperitoneally with appropriate amount of solution without SkQ1 (98% ethanol diluted eight times with normal saline solution). To determine the intensity of free radical oxidation and total antioxidant activity, we used the biochemiluminescence method. Aconitate hydratase (AH), superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were estimated using the Hitachi U-1900 spectrophotometer supplied with software. The amount of citrate was determined by means of the Natelson method. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was carried out using an amplifier ANK-32.RESULTSIt was found that the mitochondrial-directed antioxidant elicits decrease of biochemiluminescence parameter values that increase by pathology as well as the levels of primary products of LPO, such as diene conjugates and carbonyl compounds, which indicate intensity of free radical oxidation. At the same time, the activity of AH, considered a crucial target of free radicals, which decreased during experimental hyperglycemia, increased. Apparently, increasing activity of AH influenced the speed of citrate utilization, whose concentration decreased after administering SkQ1 by pathology. Moreover, the previously applied anti-oxidant during hyperglycemia influenced the rate of antioxidant system mobilization. Thus, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, as well as the level of gene transcript under influence of SkQ1 at pathology, were changing to the direction of control groups values.CONCLUSIONAccording to the results of performed research, SkQ1 can be considered a promising addition to be included in antioxidant therapy of DM2.