Primary Influence Research Articles

Exploring Evidence Based Practice Implementation by Occupational Therapists: Implications for Fieldwork

A fieldwork education model is used in occupational therapy to develop competency of professional skills, including evidence-based practice (EBP) and clinical reasoning. This quantitative study explored factors influencing implementation rates of EBP in New Zealand registered occupational therapists to better understand students’ experience of evidence-based practice while on fieldwork. An online survey exploring beliefs and practices related to clinical competence, professional reasoning and EBP was conducted. The survey included questions about related beliefs, the measure of Evidence Informed Professional Thinking (EIPT; Benfield & Johnston, 2020), and the Implementation Climate Scale (ICS; Ehrhart et al., 2014). The mean scores on the scales were entered into a linear regression model and backward stepwise regression was used to build a predictive model ascertaining primary influences for EBP implementation. On the measure of EIPT respondents reported infrequent engagement in clinical reasoning and EBP activities. Scores on the ICS results indicate some support of EBP practices in respondents’ workplaces. Habits of critical reflection have the strongest relationship to habits of implementing EBP in daily practice The only other factors significant in the predictive model were focus on EBP, and respondents’ level of education. Habits of critical reflection on practice and clinical reasoning activities have the strongest relationship with EBP engagement. Fieldwork students are likely to observe fieldwork educators who are infrequently engaging in critical activities of reflection and EBP. Development of strategies to enhance and habitualize critical reflection and clinical reasoning will increase EBP implementation rates. Pragmatic strategies between fieldwork educators, educational institutions, and students will likely enhance students’ learning and ultimately enhance overall EBPs in the profession.

Displacement Characteristics of a Deep Excavation in Hangzhou Soft Clay

Excavations in a soft soil area are usually associated with substantial difficulties. Taking a special‐shaped deep foundation pit in Hangzhou soft clay as the research object, the excavation performances, including groundwater level height, axial force, lateral wall, and soil deflection, and ground surface settlement were monitored and summarized based on the data published in the literature on similar excavations in Hangzhou, P. R. China. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The axial forces of the struts dynamically change during the excavation and construction or removal of adjacent braces. (2) The ratio between the measured maximum wall deflection and excavation depth (δh−max/He) is 0.14–0.17%, larger than those in Shanghai. (3) The surface settlement behind the wall has an obvious primary influence zone and secondary influence zone, characterized by a “groove shape” and “triangle shape,” respectively. The maximum ground surface settlement δv−max ranges from 0.29% to 0.5% of the excavation depth. (4) The distribution of the ground settlement was analyzed. The relationship between the maximum settlements δv−max is between 1.28 δh−max and 3.72 δh−max. Moreover, ABAQUS software with Mohr–Coulomb soil models was used for model analysis of the construction process. The research results have important significance for the effective prevention of foundation pit accidents and the optimal design of deep foundation pit projects.

Aerosol Jet Printed and Photonic Cured Paper-Based Ammonia Sensor for Food Smart Packaging

In this work, we report the manufacturing and experimental analysis of low-cost and eco-friendly paper-based gas sensors for food smart packaging. The hygroscopic properties of paper help detecting the presence of water-soluble gases in an environment provided with relative humidity (RH) above a given threshold (RH > 75%) and discovering the presence of gaseous-markers of the food-spoilage process, like ammonia. Carbon interdigitated electrodes were printed by Aerosol Jet Printing and sintered by Flash Lamp Annealing on chromatographic paper, obtaining a mean resistance value of (231 ± 20) kΩ and (249 ± 28) kΩ for the left and the right electrode, respectively. After being tested at different RH values (75, 80, 90, 100%), and once stabilized, they were tested with different ammonia concentrations (3, 6, 9, and 12 ppm). A proportional resistance decrease was evidenced in increasing ammonia concentration. Considering the baseline at a constant value of RH=75%, the sensors showed a resistance variation of 12% in presence of the lowest concentration of 3 ppm. Three different temperatures were considered during the tests, 5 °C, 15 °C, and 25 °C, evidencing no primary influence of this parameter. Ethanol and acetone were investigated as representatives of interfering compounds such as alcohols and ketones that may be developed during food spoilage. Good selectivity was observed both by studying these compounds individually and together with ammonia. Experimental results showed that 48 ppm of acetone induced a resistance change lower than 3 ppm of ammonia, while 240 ppm of ethanol induced a resistance change comparable to 12 ppm of ammonia.

Formidability of male video game characters over 45 years

ABSTRACT Guided by biological and cultural perspectives, this work examines the formidability of male characters in video games released between 1974 and 2018 (n = 702). Formidability (e.g., size, strength) has served an essential function in the evolution of humans, especially for males. Alongside this evolution, cultural practices have long centralized formidability by celebrating it as a signal of masculinity. We review this biocultural phenomenon and connect it to patterns in human communication via a content analysis of depictions of playable male characters in video games. We identify two primary cultural influences on formidability portrayals in video games (i.e., technological advancement and the gendered culture of gaming) and contend that these factors interact to shape the occurrence of formidability in male character representations. Results indicate that formidable portrayals followed a quadratic trend increasing in early years before declining in recent years. Overall, average formidability was low, but observations aligned with hypotheses grounded in the biocultural framework we introduce. Formidability predicted physicality (i.e., vigorous bodily action), violent behavior, and use of weapons. It was highest in genres that emphasize physical enactment (e.g., fighting and sports games) and was less common in games rated for children. We interpret the findings with respect to the functional nature of formidability throughout human evolution and its role in contemporary society. We make suggestions for future refinement and application of the formidable masculinity framework.

Вплив лікування гіпотиреозу на рівні васкулоендотеліального фактора росту

Мета дослідження — визначення вмісту васкулоендотеліального фактора росту (ВЕФР) у хворих на первинний гіпотиреоз та впливу комплексного лікування на його рівень. Матеріали та методи. Обстежені 133 хворі на первинний гіпотиреоз. Пацієнти були розділені на групи: I група складається з 32 пацієнтів з гіпотиреозом на ґрунті АІТ без ожиріння; ІІ група — 34 хворі на гіпотиреоз і ожиріння; ІІІ група — 34 хворі на гіпотиреоз без ожиріння; IV група — 33 хворі на післяопераційний гіпотиреоз та ожиріння. Результати. В обстежених пацієнтів виявлено вірогідне підвищення рівнів васкулоендотеліального фактора росту у всіх групах, найбільш виражені зміни продукції ВЕФР спостерігали у хворих на гіпотиреоз на ґрунті АІТ і ожиріння. Обговорено можливість підвищення ефективності лікування таких пацієнтів шляхом поєднаного застосування левотироксину (LТ4), еналаприлу та аторвастатину протягом шести місяців. Одночасне застосування LТ4, еналаприлу та аторвастатину посилює терапевтичний ефект базисної терапії та зменшує надлишкову продукцію ВЕФР. Висновки. При маніфестному гіпотиреозі істотно підвищений рівень ВЕФР в плазмі крові хворих як з ожирінням, так і без ожиріння. Найвищі показники зафіксовані у хворих на маніфестний гіпотиреоз на ґрунті АІТ і ожиріння. Одночасне застосування LТ4, еналаприлу та аторвастатину протягом шести місяців у хворих на маніфестний гіпотиреоз зменшує надлишкову продукцію ВЕФР.

Chilean Guitar Music: Modern Reconstructions of Genre Traditions

The relevance of the article is to deepen the analytical aspect of knowledge about Chilean guitar music of the second half of the 20th — early 21st centuries in the context of the reconstruction of genre traditions on the example of works by Juan Antonio Sanchez, Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt, Javier Contreras.
 Main objective of the study is to identify the leading genre traditions of Chilean guitar music and reveal their modern reconstructions in the works of famous authors.
 The methodology includes methods of historical, cultural, comparative, phenomenological, as well as structural and functional analysis (for a contextual consideration of the creative activities of composers, the study of genre and stylistic elements of the Chilean traditions of folk music, professional-academic and non-academic origin in their influence on European genre models).
 Results and conclusions. The cultural and historical environment of the formation and development of the Chilean academic guitar repertoire of the second half of the 20th — early 21st centuries is characterized, the links with the performing achievements of domestic virtuosos are determined. The work of composers Juan Antonio Sanchez, Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt, Javier Contreras is considered in the discourse of modern processes of reconstruction of traditions, approbation of innovative methods and techniques of writing of the European avant-garde, use of the resources of American non-academic art. The national genre roots of thematic phenomena have been identified in the process of studying music scores and audio recordings of works, which go back to the primary authentic layers and influence musical vocabulary, creating the foundation of its national identity: Creole cueca, tonada with Iberian origins and hemiole rhythmic archetypes, in particular, in the Sonata for guitar by H. Sanchez; elements of the Araucanian ritual chants of the indigenous Mapuche population in the Fourth Sonata by G. Becerra-Schmidt, as well as the rhythmic formula of the Afro-Brazilian batukada in the finale of the Third Sonata by G. Becerra-Schmidt. It was found that secondary genre and style layers are formed in line with European concert genres: sonatas, concerts, cycles, the compositional and dramatic profile of which changes under the influence of the organic nature of the musical material, its transcultural ethnic ties. Jazz and fusion music-making with elements of the Chilean musical is defined as an equally important genre-style resource. The interferential nature of the inheritance of the authentic cueca tradition through its modern versions created by the legendary Violeta Parra leads to targeted citations, allusions in modern guitar works. Analytically substantiated are the conclusions that thanks to the numerous mosaic carnival contrasts, the abundance of colorful ethno-genre mixtures of Iberian, Indian, African American folklore, to which it is possible to connect the poetics of fusion or experimental percussion techniques of sound production, the originality of the modern Chilean reconstruction of ancient traditions is formed. Such syntheses are due to the internal cultural and historical situation and artistic processes that take place on both sides of the Atlantic.

The effects of organizational justice, trust and supervisor–subordinate guanxi on organizational citizenship behavior: a social-exchange perspective

PurposeThis study aims to use a social exchange perspective to investigate the influence of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).Design/methodology/approachSurvey and interview data were collected from a sample of insurance firm sales representatives in Taiwan. Structural equation modeling was deployed to explore the relationship between organizational justice, trust, supervisor–subordinate guanxi and OCB.FindingsThe findings offer important theoretical, managerial and social implications for life insurers’ human resource managers.Practical implicationsOrganizational justice is a primary influence on OCB, which is connected with the underlying mediating mechanism of trust (trust in supervisor and trust in subordinate) and supervisor–subordinate guanxi (i.e. off-the-job activities).Social implicationsSubordinates can enhance guanxi with their supervisors to create a more harmonious working environment, creating mutual trust. The results suggest that supervisor–subordinate guanxi is based on long-term social exchange. How to balance fairness and efficiency is an import question for decision-makers.Originality/valueThis study’s examination of the role of trust and supervisor–subordinate guanxi in mediating the relationship between organizational justice and OCB expands the organizational behavior literature into a different industry (life insurance) and cultural context (Taiwan).

Alingment of braking performance for truck and trailer as an important factor in road construction

Alingment of braking performance of truck trailer is an important parameter that affects its braking stability. This shows particular in critical situations or during braking on a surface with reduced adhesion. Alingment of braking performance can be automatic, which is one of quality of electronical brake systems. Further on, can be forcible, which is being executed during service a diagnostic work.This contribution is focused on analysis alingment of braking performance. Describing technical conditions, internal and external factors which affect it. Due to magnitude of this problematics, is in this article evaluated the optimization of braking affects truck trailers in the start-up phase. The analysis of the process – start-up braking effect has justification from the reason, that has primary influence on the stability truck trailer during braking and this can be the cause of collision situations or also traffic accidents. The parameter of alingment of braking performance has a primary influence on the braking stability of the truck trailers, which significantly affects road safety and is also important for the economy of the truck trailers. your abstract here… The abstract should include the purpose of research, principal results and major conclusions. References should be avoided, if it is essential, only cite the author(s) and year(s) without giving reference list. Prepare your abstract in this file and then copy it into the registration web field. Braking distance is an important factor in the road construction. Therefore, it must be taken into account when designing these buildings.

Micromechanical Modeling on Compressive Behavior of Foamed Concrete

Much attention has recently been paid to investigating the internal mechanisms between the void structures of foamed concrete and its mechanical behavior. This study adopted the X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) technique to build three-dimensional (3D) internal void structures of foamed concrete before conducting the unconfined compression test. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of the void structure on the mechanical properties. The results showed that the contacts between voids had a primary influence on the residual strength, and the void size was the major influence factor on the modulus. A micromechanical model was developed to simulate the mechanical behavior of the foamed concrete under compression, and good agreements were found with the test results. A simple equation was proposed to predict the mechanical properties of the foamed concretes considering the effects and variations of the void structures on the mechanical properties. Combining the equation with the micromechanical damage model, the variations of the mechanical behavior due to the difference in void structures can be well predicted.

Grass species composition in tropical forest of southern India

Grass composition was assessed by plot method (1 m2; n= 1,749) in three habitats (dry deciduous-DDF, moist deciduous-MDF, and thorn forest-TF) at Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India across different seasons from Jan 2004 to Dec 2007. The grass species richness and availability (per cent composition) varied significantly with habitats. Seventy-four species of grasses and sedges were recorded in all three habitats, with a few species common in all habitats. Grass availability varied significantly in different habitats across seasons and was positively influenced by precipitation. Among biotic factors, regeneration and shrub density had a primary influence on grass availability, followed by herb, sedge and weed density. The principal coordinate analysis revealed seven major associations in the tropical forest. There were considerable changes in the composition and association of grasses when compared to the past. Fire resistant species such as Themeda triandra, Heteropogan contortus and T. cymbaria dominated in the DDF. Grass species Aristida/Eragorstis were recorded in the TF, which were considered as indicators of heavy grazing pressure. Grass species that were reported rare and sporadic in the earlier study were not recorded, which emphasizes better pasture management in the tropical forest. Grass species composition and availability was threatened by invasion of weeds.

On the Primary Influences of Age on Articulation and Phonation in Maximum Performance Tasks

Maximum performance tasks have been identified as possible domains where incipient signs of neurological disease may be detected in simple speech and voice samples. However, it is likely that these will simultaneously be influenced by the age and sex of the speaker. In this study, a comprehensive set of acoustic quantifications were collected from the literature and applied to productions of sustained [a] productions and Alternating Motion Rate diadochokinetic (DDK) syllable sequences made by 130 (62 women, 68 men) healthy speakers, aged 20–90 years. The participants were asked to produce as stable (sustained [a] and DDK) and fast (DDK) productions as possible. The full set of features were reduced to a functional subset that most efficiently modeled sex-specific differences between younger and older speakers using a cross-validation procedure. Twelve measures of [a] and 16 measures of DDK sequences were identified across men and women and investigated in terms of how they were altered with increasing age of speakers. Increased production instability is observed in both tasks, primarily above the age of 60 years. DDK sequences were slower in older speakers, but also altered in their syllable and segment level acoustic properties. Increasing age does not appear to affect phonation or articulation uniformly, and men and women are affected differently in most quantifications investigated.

Seasonal variation in material exchange through the Bohai Strait

The seasonal variation in material exchange through the Bohai Strait (BS) was examined using the climatological mean outputs from the Regional Ocean Modelling Systems and in-situ observations from two acoustic Doppler current profilers at two typical stations in the Strait from July 2017 to June 2018. The suspended sediment concentration (SSC) was retrieved from ocean color remote sensing data. The long-term mean numerical results and the one-year observations suggest that the volume and suspended sediment flux in the BS section exhibit distinct seasonal variations. The annual mean net outflow of the suspended sediment through the BS section is estimated to be 15.8 Mt/yr in the climatological state. The observations further reveal the circulation structure, with inflow in the north and outflow in the south. Freshwater from the Yellow Sea discharged sediment into the Bohai Sea in the deep northern channel at a rate of 0.4 Mt/yr, whereas turbid water discharged sediment into the Yellow Sea in the shallow southern channel at a rate of 0.19 Mt/yr. Several factors determine the seasonal variation in the sediment flux. In the winter half-year, variation in SSC plays a dominant role, while in summer, the primary influence on sediment flux is current velocity. Moreover, SSC significantly influences the southern shallow and deep northern channels, while the current velocity is dominant in the central channel. In addition, the meridional wind displays a close relationship with the seasonal variation of the sediment exchange through the BS by dominating both the current and SSC.

Types of second primary cancer influence overall survival in cutaneous melanoma

BackgroundFavorable survival in malignant cutaneous melanoma (melanoma) has increased the likelihood of second primary cancer (SPC). We assess the influence of patient characteristics at diagnosis of first melanoma and the type of SPC (second melanoma and other SPC) on overall survival.MethodsWe used the Swedish Cancer Registry data to assess overall survival in melanoma for the period 1990 to 2015. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with Cox regression models by considering SPC diagnosis as a time-dependent variable.ResultsA total of 46,726 patients were diagnosed with melanoma, and 15.3% of them developed SPC, among which, two thirds were other SPCs. Second melanomas were diagnosed early (31% during the first year) compared to non-melanoma SPCs (9.5%). Survival for women with second melanoma or other SPC (56 and 21% alive after 25 years of follow-up, respectively) exceeded the male rates (21 and 10%, respectively) but all these figures were lower than for females (60% alive) or males (48%) without SPC. Time dependent analysis showed vastly increased HRs for cancer types that are fatal also as first cancers, but SPC-specific HRs remained relatively uniform, irrespective of SPC diagnosed soon or late after first melanoma. In early-onset melanoma, SPC diagnosis after 10 years may not negatively influence overall survival.ConclusionsAs the overall survival of patients with many types of SPCs is unfavorable, advice about health lifestyle should benefit smoking patients and early detection methods may be recommended for SPCs of the breast, prostate and colorectum.

Dynamic Changes in Plant Resource Use Efficiencies and Their Primary Influence Mechanisms in a Typical Desert Shrub Community

Understanding plant resource use efficiencies (RUEs) and their tradeoffs in a desert shrub community, particularly as it concerns the usage of water, light, and nitrogen, remains an ecological imperative. Plant RUEs have been widely used as indicators to understand plant acclimation processes to unfavorable environmental conditions. This study aimed to examine seasonal dynamics in RUEs in two widely distributed plant species in a typical desert shrub community (i.e., Artemisia ordosica and Leymus secalinus) based on in-situ measurements of leaf photosynthesis, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf nitrogen concentration (i.e., Nmass + Narea), and several site-related abiotic factors. Both species exhibited significant seasonal variation in RUEs, with a coefficient of variation (CV) >30% and seasonal divergence among the various RUEs. Seasonal divergence was largely controlled by variation in stomatal conductance (Gs), which was in turn influenced by variation in soil water content (SWC) and water vapor pressure deficit (VPD). RUEs between species converged, being positively correlated, yielding: (i) r2 = 0.40 and p < 0.01 for WUE; (ii) r2 = 0.18 and p < 0.01 for LUE; and (iii) r2 = 0.25 and p < 0.01 for NUE. RUEs for A. ordosica were mostly larger than those for L. secalinus, but less reactive to drought. This suggests A. ordosica was more conservative in its usage of available resources and was, therefore, better able to adapt to arid conditions. Resource use strategies between species differed in response to drought. Desert shrubs are projected to eventually replace grasses, as drought severity and duration increase with sustained regional climate change.

A Theory of Media Multitasking Intensity

Abstract. This article first situates media multitasking in the changing media ecology. Then, grounded in concepts of stress and flow, limited capacity, and threaded cognition, it develops a four-dimensional theory of media multitasking intensity. Based on the key aspects of media multitasking intensity, the subsequent section proposes two primary influences (executive functioning and self-regulation) and one primary outcome (general stress). An application example focuses on several media multitasking issues and the stress outcome for adolescents within their family environment. The final section suggests a few key methodological implications for studying the theory of media multitasking intensity (self-report, and both temporal and social contexts). The theory of media multitasking intensity generates insights about the functional (i.e., valuable) variation within experiences of media as they overlap with and interrupt experiences of the physical and mediated world.

Effects of bipolar repetitive square wave voltage parameters on electrical tree characteristics of epoxy resin

This work investigates the electrical tree growth of epoxy resins. Repetitive bipolar square wave voltage is applied to the epoxy resins and different parameters rise time, frequency, and duty cycle are studied. The frequency range of repetitive square voltage ranges from 50 Hz to 20 kHz, the rise time ranges from 70 ns to 620 ns, and the duty cycle ranges from 5 to 90%. The results reveal that the initiation of the electrical tree is more rapid under the influence of high voltage frequency having a shorter rise time. Moreover, the electrical tree growth is faster under the impact of a shorter rise time with a duty cycle greater than 10%. The rise time mainly affects the initiation process of electrical trees. In comparison, the primary influence on the electrical tree initiation and its growth is attributed to the impact of the frequency applied.

'Au meilleur de soi': Yves Bonnefoy and the Making of Baudelaire

Yves Bonnefoy has singled out Baudelaire as a primary formative influence. The breadth and depth of critical enquiry afforded by Bonnefoy to his predecessor over the decades are attested by two substantial collections of his essays compiled in later years, as well as by verse resonating on occasion with the other’s name and voice. Bonnefoy’s goal is at once scholarly and creative: not only does he explore the full import of Baudelaire’s poetic legacy and lend it lasting pertinence within the history of literary endeavour, he also seeks to enter actively into its struggle, uncovering in its contradictions and aporias a corrective and recuperative dynamics that is played out anew in his own poetic writing as part of a larger and pressing ‘refondation de l’être’.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ФАКТОРІВ, ЯКІ ВПЛИВАЮТЬ НА ЯКІСТЬ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОЇ (БОЙОВОЇ) ПІДГОТОВКИ ЧАСТИН (ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ) ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНОЇ ОБОРОНИ ЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ ПІДГОТОВКИ

The article is devoted to the consideration of new approaches to determining the factors that significantly influence the organization of special (combat) training of separate brigades of territorial defense of the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to perform assigned tasks taking into account the specifics of their formation and training. The influence of conditions and factors on the level of compliance of the military forces system with the designated tasks, as well as the organization of effective training of its components to carry out the tasks for the purpose changes depending on the changes in the military-political situation, level of development of the state economy and military forces of the opposing parties, state of infrastructure, operational equipment of the territory of the country, etc. Considering the significant variability in the definition of conditions and factors that in general affect the organization of training and combat readiness of military units and troops of the armed forces, We can agree with the above-mentioned researchers and conditionally group these diverse conditions into two groups of factors - external (objective) and internal (sub-individual), which are characterized by certain indicators. Therefore, in contrast to the proposed approach, we propose to divide the objective and subjective factors into general, basic, the primary and indirect influence factors, which exert varying degrees of influence, both on the training of the armed forces and on the performance of designated special (combat) tasks. In order to identify the essence and importance of the influence of external and internal factors on the organization of special (combat) training of the special forces and combat service units, it is necessary to carry out their all-round analysis. Mechanically transferring the experience of other countries to national realities will be ineffective, but the implementation of certain areas of organization of training of military personnel and reservists can lead to an increase in efficiency of the training system for the mobilization contingent of territorial defense units. The identified objective factors and their indicators are general and only indirectly influence the quality of training of the special forces and military units and their further performance of the tasks assigned to them. Keywords: territorial defense, territorial defense units, factors of influence on special (combat) training.

Sarcopenia and primary tumor location influence patients outcome after liver resection for colorectal liver metastases

IntroductionRight-sided and left-sided colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to differ in their molecular carcinogenic pathways. The prevalence of sarcopenia is known to worsen the outcome after hepatic resection. We sought to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its prognostic application according to the primary CRC tumor site. Methods355 patients (62% male) who underwent liver resection in our center were identified. Clinicopathologic characteristics and long-term outcomes were stratified by sarcopenia and primary tumor location (right-sided vs. left-sided). Tumors in the coecum, right sided and transverse colon were defined as right-sided, tumors in the left colon and rectum were defined as left-sided. Sarcopenia was assessed using the skeletal muscle index (SMI) with a measurement of the skeletal muscle area at the level L3. ResultsPatients who underwent right sided colectomy (n = 233, 65%) showed a higher prevalence of sarcopenia (35.2% vs. 23.9%, p = 0.03). These patients also had higher chances for postoperative complications with Clavien Dindo >3 (OR 1.21 CI95% 0.9–1.81, p = 0.05) and higher odds for mortality related to CRC (HR 1.2 CI95% 0.8–1.8, p = 0.03).On multivariable analysis prevalence of sarcopenia remained independently associated with worse overall survival and disease free survival (overall survival: HR 1.47 CI 95% 1.03–2.46, p = 0.03; HR 1.74 CI95% 1.09–3.4, p = 0.05 respectively). ConclusionSarcopenia is known to have a worse prognosis in patients with CRLM and CRC. Depending on the primary location sarcopenia has a variable effect on the outcome after liver resection.

Short-Term Concerns Primarily Determine Patient Preference for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair may be performed through open or endovascular approaches, but the factors influencing a patient's repair-type preference are not well characterized. Here we performed a qualitative analysis to better understand factors influencing patient preference within the Preference for Open Versus Endovascular Repair of AAA Trial. Open-ended responses regarding primary (n=21) and secondary (n = 47) factors influencing patient preference underwent qualitative analysis using the constant comparative method with iterative reviews. Codes were used to generate themes and themes grouped into categories, with each step conducted via consensus agreement between three researchers. Relative prevalence of themes were compared to ascertain trends in patient preference. Patient responses regarding both primary and secondary factors fell into four categories: Short-term concerns, long-term concerns, advice & experience, and other. Patients most frequently described short-term concerns (23) as their primary influence, with themes including post-op complications, hospitalization & recovery, and intraoperative concerns. Long-term concerns were more prevalent (20) as secondary factors, which included themes such as survival, and chronic management. The average age of patients voicing only long-term concerns as a primary factor was 11 years younger than those listing only short-term concerns. Short-term concerns relating to the procedure and recovery are more often the primary factor influencing patient preference, while long term concerns play a more secondary role. Long-term concerns are more often a primary factor in younger patients. Vascular surgeons should consider this information in shared decision making to reach an optimal outcome.