Primary Ideas Research Articles

A Critical Analysis of Void Agreement Under Indian Contract Act and Navigating Its Implications

This research paper goes into the complexities of contract law, with a primary focus on Void Agreements under the Indian Contract Act of 1872. It covers the idea, legal context, and effects of void agreements, as well as how to navigate legal challenges and current legislative modifications. This study attempts to give a nuanced knowledge of void agreements and their repercussions on contractual relationships by conducting a complete examination of literature, case studies, and comparative studies with international contract law. The introduction of the article provides a summary of the Indian Contracts Act of 1872, as well as the basic definitions and features of Contracts, Void Agreements, and so on. The study design focuses on providing a concise description of the research purpose, objectives, methodology, research questions, scope, and limits. The Review of Literature analyses and describes the various websites, articles, and blogs that were used in this research to delve into the various perspectives and aspects of the main topic. It includes the key contents of each website, as well as the possible conclusion and key findings. Beginning with a review of contract law in India, it dives into the fundamentals of valid contracts, types of contracts, and invalid agreements, illuminating their definition, features, and major legal clauses. This research provides practical insights into contract nullification, restitution, and the impact on concerned parties by thoroughly examining numerous grounds for voidability and conducting individual case analyses. Furthermore, it addresses legal issues related to void agreements and offers a comparison analysis with foreign contract law frameworks. This study intends to contribute to a more sophisticated understanding of void agreements and their implications in contractual partnerships by reviewing recent legislative revisions and making relevant proposals for future legal reforms. The conclusion highlights the research's primary results and ideas, as well as all of the subsections written throughout the study. The report concludes with some recommendations for future legislative revisions regarding void agreements based on the research findings. The last section, which includes the bibliography and references, gives a list of all sources cited throughout the work, using the relevant citation style requirements.

Development of political and legal ideas regarding the concept of protective democracy

The article examines the evolution of the concept of protective democracy and ways of its implementation in political and legal practice. It is emphasized that in the course of historical development, the concept of democracy as one of the oldest means of organizing political power underwent significant changes caused by the evolution of society, legal and political systems, which affected its interpretation and implementation. The ideas that arose around this concept were studied, considering them from different perspectives - from historical to modern. It is shown that the primary and consolidated ideas about protective democracy arose at the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries, when democracy began to be considered as a means by which citizens can protect themselves from excessive state control. It is noted that in the process of formation of the concept of protective democracy, political and legal ideas about the right to vote as a tool for the implementation of government accountability played a significant role, since democratic institutions and procedures need protection from abuse of power to ensure their stability and effectiveness. It is emphasized that the right to vote, as a key element of democracy, plays a significant role in this concept, as it is the main mechanism for expressing the will of the people and establishing the accountability of the government to the citizens. It is noted that ensuring wide access to voting ensures a higher level of government legitimacy and reduces the likelihood of its authoritarian tendencies. It is shown that political and legal ideas about the right to vote played a key role in the formation of the concept of protective democracy, emphasizing the need to protect and support this fundamental right to ensure the stability and effectiveness of democratic systems. Attention is paid to the contribution to the concept of defensive democracy by such outstanding thinkers and politicians as John Locke, Jeremy Bentham, James Mill and James Madison. The implementation of certain aspects of protective democracy in the US Constitution is considered, and attention is drawn to the role of the republican form of government in this context. Certain milestones in the development of the concept of protective democracy in the 20th century are shown, as well as some ideas regarding this issue in the 21st century, namely the types of protective democracy and its identification as an indirect form of democracy, are explored. Characteristic features of protective democracy and its definition are proposed.

Concepts of an ideal city in the history of philosophy.

This article reviews the primary ideas that have been proposed about the «ideal city» from the time of ancient civilization to the present, and it draws key findings that are important for comprehending the details of contemporary urban development. The article pays a lot of attention to the social essence of the dynamics of the city, ideas about the ideal organization of urban space and its infrastructure. The comparison of modern models of the ideal city with the views of Plato, Aristotle, Al-Farabi and other thinkers and scientists on the ideal city testifies to the importance of these ideas. The authors consider the evolution of ideas about the geometry of urban space, conditioned by certain socio-ethical, aesthetic, mythological and religious priorities, basic scientific concepts and prevailing worldviews, as well as practical tasks of ensuring the safety of the city. Projects of urbanization and social reconstruction, where the ideas of spiritual and moral transformation of man and society prevail, for all their utopianism, cannot sink into the past. They encourage thinking about the possibility of building models of urban and social reconstruction that meet millennial aspirations for security, justice, the common good, and comfort. The article draws attention to the growing negative consequences of the urbanization process, the need for a serious justification of the policy of formation and development of megacities, its implementation taking into account the principle of multifactoriality.

The effectiveness of Authentic Materials For Reading Comprehension of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Students

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using authentic materials on ESP students in reading comprehension. The participants of this study were the second semester students. Purposive sampling technique was used in this study. The participants were divided into two groups, the experimental was 30 students and the control group was 30 students. This study used quasi-experimental research. The instrument used in collecting data was multiple choice test. The total items of the test were 20 items. The finding shows that a mean score of 29.87 on the pre-test and 52.07 on the post-test reading through authentic materials can help students become more proficient readers, particularly in areas such as identifying primary ideas, supporting details, factual interactions, topic-related vocabulary, pronouncing references, and word meaning recognition. It shows that the hypothesis alternative (ha) was accepted. As conclusion that using authentic materials has positive effect of the students’ reading comprehension of English for specific purposes (ESP) class at UKI Paulus Makassar.

POSSIBILITIES OF MODERN COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CREATING FINE ART OBJECTS

This article explores the possibilities of current technologies with the addition of artificial intelligence to the creation of different types of creative arts. The scope of application of artificial intelligence technology in the formation and creation of creative objects has been explored. The main advantages of using artificial intelligence in creating creativity are identified. Attention is paid to the methods and fundamentals of shaping and creating creative objects, artificial intelligence in comparison with humans. The main functions and capabilities of neural networks in creating and generating a concept for a creative product have been studied. The shortcomings and imperfections in the creation and formation of a work of art using modern artificial intelligence technologies have been identified. The question of the genius and uniqueness of human thought is considered in the search for primary ideas and the creation of a concept in comparison with algorithms for the formation of ideas made using computer technology and neural networks. The current range of artificial intelligence functions has been analyzed, which can help simplify most of the tasks required when creating primary visualization, a sketch part for the subsequent implementation of a design project. The algorithm and its features of forming a query are considered to obtain the final visualization and the product of artificial intelligence. The relevance of artificial intelligence and its influence on the development of creativity in various fields of art is considered. The factor of influence of computer technologies and neural networks on the media space and society as a whole has been identified. The relevance of the discussion on the impact of artificial intelligence and neural networks on the labor market is analyzed. The functions and capabilities of artificial intelligence are examined in detail, based on the current “Midjorney” neural network. The influence of the neural network on the scope of activity of interior designers and the formation of internal spaces is considered. The methods of using a neural network in the formation of landscape design and urban planning are discussed in detail. The range of applications and possibilities of artificial intelligence in the creation of fine art and sculpture has been explored.

The Digital Public Sphere And The Face Of Indonesian Political Education

The reporting of digital mass media vulgarly always sides with the interests. Is it siding directly, or is it in framing? Television shows and newspaper reports have become the public's 'breakfast'. The media increasingly determines the cognitive menu of people's everyday thoughts which are convincingly lulled that that is the most authentic. This article discusses the role of social media as a digital public space for Indonesian people's cognition. Using library research and critical and comparative analysis, this study aims to capture the primary ideas about media and political education in Indonesia within the theoretical framework of Jurgen Habermas' Public Sphere. This paper concludes that digital media plays a significant role in shaping the way of thinking of the public which tends to be co-opted to political power and capital owners. This way of thinking then forms a mass culture that is prone to authoritarianism. The findings of this research also serve as a warning to stakeholders who must be more vigilant in anticipating the globalization of digital media which can change the face of political education and the future of our democracy. Keywords: Social Media, Digital Public Space, Politics, Democracy

Идеи постмодернизма как инструмент репрезентации социальной реальности в кинокартинах Л.И. Гайдая

The author initiates research for Leonid Gaidai works ideology concept, challenging the point of view stating that Leonid Gaidai movie films have no ideas at all, presenting "simple comedies". The article is analyzing Leonid Gaidai typical movie film plots and movie making methods correlation to primary ideas of postmodernism philosophy. Based on such examples as "The Diamond Arm", "Kidnapping, Caucasian Style", "Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future", "A Groom from the Other World", "Operation Y and Shurik's Other Adventures" the author justifies typical film plots and movie making methods relevance to postmodernism ideas of hypertextuality, temptation subjugating human will (loss of subjectivity), constant facing to and power of simulacrum, focus on competing micronarratives. The author uses data of social reality research in USSR at 1930-s and 1950-s to state hypothesis about routes and reasons of Leonid Gaidai representing exactly postmodernism philosophy ideas. The author justifies catharsis effect is the reason for Leonid Gaidai movie films success, the catharsis causing merge of film audience recognition with art representation image and consequent decrease or elimination of anxiety, stress because of conflicts, frustration feeling. The author demonstrates consistent patterns of destructive, pessimistic tendencies of postmodernism situation appearance within social reality utilizing Leonid Gaidai movie films data, philosophy of postmodernism works (Baudrillard, Liotar) and classical philosophy (Aristotle). The author states hypothesis that Leonid Gaidai movie films success with audience right after distribution start and nowadays, when being showed on the most popular Russian TV channels at prime time, justifies postmodernism ideas relevance to soviet and post-soviet, modern social reality.

What If God is a ‘Pagan Amalgam’: Marilynne Robinson and Historical Bible Scholarship

Abstract Marilynne Robinson is one of the most influential Christian writers and public intellectuals alive today, and her views on a range of topics should be taken seriously. In her 2015 essay entitled ‘Memory’, she argues that the ‘liberal side’ of American Christianity has retreated from scriptural theology under pressure from academic biblical criticism. Her dismissal of Hebrew Bible scholarship is centred on two primary and interrelated ideas. First is the idea that Israelite religion was embedded in a broader context of Ancient Near East (ANE) religious cultures, such that biblical stories and characters sometimes borrow from other ancient sources. Second is the problem that the scholarly understanding of ancient Israelite polytheism threatens to make God into a ‘pagan amalgam’. The interrelated problem, that is, is the uniqueness and transcendence of the Hebrew Bible, and the God who is its main character. In this article, I review the scholarship on ancient Israelite religion and Robinson’s complaints about it. I argue that Robinson treats the critical scholarship only at a distance, allusively, (mis)representing it and sometimes (mis)understanding it in superficial ways, but that her theological anxiety is warranted.

A review on glaucoma detection using deep learning algorithms

Glaucoma is a progressive eye condition that causes loss of vision and cannot be restored once it has occurred. The diagnosis of glaucoma is an important issue that has to be resolved in the realm of medicine. There have only been a limited number of research efforts aimed at detecting glaucoma in its earlier stages. Nevertheless, the performance of glaucoma illness identification utilizing the various approaches that are now available was ineffective. In addition to this, the time commitment involved in traditional methods of glaucoma illness identification was significantly higher. Finding glaucoma in color fundus photos is a difficult undertaking that calls both knowledge as well as years of practice. Deep learning techniques have rapidly emerged as a method of choice for the analysis of medical pictures. In this study, we took advantage of the application of various Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) schemes to demonstrate the influence on performance of relevant factors such as the size of the data set, architecture, and the use of transfer learning versus newly defined architectures at an early stage with higher accuracy and a lower amount of time. Specifically, we compared the two types of architectures in terms of their ability to learn from previous examples. Deep learning techniques have rapidly emerged as a method of choice for the analysis of medical pictures. This study examines the primary deep learning ideas that are applicable to medical image analysis and provides a summary of the contributions to the area. We take a look at the application of deep learning to various image processing tasks such as classification, object identification, segmentation, and registration.

Implementation of Innovative Learning with the Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model in Anti-Corruption Education Courses

So far, the learning process has only focused on improving learning outcomes but has not provided guidance on students' creative talents in being creative during lectures, so that students cannot develop their creativity to the fullest. This study aims to determine the results of implementing innovative learning with the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model in growing and increasing student creativity in Anti-Corruption Education courses. The research method used is descriptive method with a qualitative approach in which the data is obtained from observations and interviews with a descriptive analytical or critical analytical style, namely examining the primary ideas regarding the scope of the problem that are believed by relevant secondary ideas. The results of this study concluded that the implementation of innovative learning with the PjBL model can grow and increase student creativity, so that it is effectively used in the learning process of Anti-Corruption Education courses. In addition, students can take an active role in preventing corrupt behavior on campus and society.

Employees’ Views on the Use of Social Media Platforms at Work

Nowadays, no public or private organization in Bangladesh can function without the widespread adoption of social networking platforms. It has recently replaced in-person social interactions and communication. Most modern organizations provide their employees with affordable Internet connections by PC, laptop, and some other mobile devices, allowing them quick access to personal and professional social networking sites from both home and work. There are many advantages to using social networking sites at work, but there are also some negatives. An organizational policy on the use of social networking sites while on the job is a powerful management tool. This research aims to learn more about how employees are utilizing social media at work as well as the effects of this behaviour. The research hopes to help organizations implement policies that are mutually agreeable to employees and management. A total of 60 people from a variety of occupations participated in the survey. Some of the primary ideas given in this paper that can work for the organization without restricting the freedom of the employees are: providing proper direction; teaching and training employees about the security risks for the organization; enabling employees with time-based access; etc.
 
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Analysis of Manufacturing Companies by Weight Sum Method

In this from analysis EDAS method is the most ideal solution Short-distance and negative-best The solution with the longest distance from the solution Determines, but the comparison of these distances Does not consider importance. From the result it is seen that Market turmoil ranks first, with management support having the lowest ranking. This article addresses the issue of customer complexity, Customer center, innovation, service diversity and Explores the relationship between business performance and. The study of 332 manufacturing companies provides the basis for empirical inquiry. There are two broad types of financing research dealing with the use of rates Read Corporate Structure. Increased market complexity and impending Competitiveness is their position in the freight-service continuum by expanding the business power to expand Is a traditional service to manufacturing-manufacturing companies. World-class quality of life, production plays a key role in improving companies. However, linearity in the system they are combined with standard Production and consumption patterns. This is a measure of performance and Store site status report is not financial. This research science includes macroeconomics; Financial risk management, audit scenarios, equity returns, investment decisions, financial results and Good Corporate Management There are 147 models of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Sustained performance in organizational research is one of the primary ideas. Its importance and effectiveness of the many advances that have appeared over the years are, despite criticisms, a difficult concept to apply in a scientifically rigorous manner. Multi-Objective Optimization Issues Mostly big dominance Lead to unpaid packages, Because of the size of the problem or the number of goals to create a complete non-dominant set Requires significant calculation time Related at the same time Most of the solutions are unsuitable for the decision maker (DM) Shows that Manufacturing Companies Alternative: Perceived benefits, technical resources, management support, computer perspective, market turmoil, peer pressure. Evaluation Preference: Technology, Organization, Environment. From the result it is seen that Market turbulence and is got the first rank whereas is the Management support got is having the lowest rank

Analysis of Manufacturing Companies by Weight Sum Method

In this from analysis EDAS method is the most ideal solution Short-distance and negative-best The solution with the longest distance from the solution Determines, but the comparison of these distances Does not consider importance. From the result it is seen that Market turmoil ranks first, with management support having the lowest ranking. This article addresses the issue of customer complexity, Customer center, innovation, service diversity and Explores the relationship between business performance and. The study of 332 manufacturing companies provides the basis for empirical inquiry. There are two broad types of financing research dealing with the use of rates Read Corporate Structure. Increased market complexity and impending Competitiveness is their position in the freight-service continuum by expanding the business power to expand Is a traditional service to manufacturing-manufacturing companies. World-class quality of life, production plays a key role in improving companies. However, linearity in the system they are combined with standard Production and consumption patterns. This is a measure of performance and Store site status report is not financial. This research science includes macroeconomics; Financial risk management, audit scenarios, equity returns, investment decisions, financial results and Good Corporate Management There are 147 models of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Sustained performance in organizational research is one of the primary ideas. Its importance and effectiveness of the many advances that have appeared over the years are, despite criticisms, a difficult concept to apply in a scientifically rigorous manner. Multi-Objective Optimization Issues Mostly big dominance Lead to unpaid packages, Because of the size of the problem or the number of goals to create a complete non-dominant set Requires significant calculation time Related at the same time Most of the solutions are unsuitable for the decision maker (DM) Shows that Manufacturing Companies Alternative: Perceived benefits, technical resources, management support, computer perspective, market turmoil, peer pressure. Evaluation Preference: Technology, Organization, Environment. From the result it is seen that Market turbulence and is got the first rank whereas is the Management support got is having the lowest rank.

Flow, wound, cry. Reply to Monstruosa tierra. Una lectura de Leviathan by Jonathan Pimentel

This paper proposes a review of Monstruosa tierra. Una lectura de Leviathan by the Costa Rican theologian Jonathan Pimentel Chacón. The main goal of this document is to show how some central categories and problems of Monstruosa tierra, particularly its notion of flesh, are related to a broader threshold within the inquiry of its author. From this perspective, the exercise suggests an understanding of the development of some primary ideas throughout Pimentel Chacón’s work, its variation during different periods and integration within the recent research conflicts of its author. At the end of this text, it is discussed the methodological precautions motivated by Monstruosa tierra regarding the reception of principal references within the traditions of political and economic thought.

An Application of a Decision Support System Enabled by a Hybrid Algorithmic Framework for Production Scheduling in an SME Manufacturer

In this research, we present a hybrid algorithmic framework and its integration into the precise production scheduling system of a Greek metal forming factory. The system was created as a decision support tool to assist production planners in arranging weekly production orders to work centers and other manufacturing cells. The functionality offered includes dispatching priority rules, bottleneck identification for capacity planning, production order reallocation to alternate work centers and planning periods, interchangeable scheduling scenarios, and work-in-process availability checks based on bill of materials (BOM) precedence constraints. As a consequence, a solid short-term production plan is created, capable of absorbing shop floor risks such as machine failures and urgent orders. The primary design ideas are simplicity, ease of use, a flexible Gantt-chart-based graphical user interface (GUI), controllable report creation, and a modest development budget. The practical application takes place in a make-to-stock (MTS) environment with a complicated multi-level production process, defined due dates, and parallel machines. A critical component is the integration with legacy applications and the existing enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. The method adopted here avoids both overburdening the existing information system architecture with software pipeline spaghetti, as is common with point-to-point integration, and overshooting implementation costs, as is often the case with service-oriented architectures.

Microfascism and desubjectification. The origins of the problem

This article is devoted to the search for primary ideas concerning the theoretical origins of the concept of microfascism and determining its connection with the topic of subjectivation and desubjectivation. The author suggests looking at these problems from the perspective of the French philosopher J. Deleuze and the German sociologist T. Adorno. The author pays special attention to the comparison of the ideas of both thinkers, analyzing not only the concepts mentioned by them to clarify the problematic field of microfascism, but also those social phenomena that have become the object of criticism of both authors. The article examines how their views have historically developed and transformed. The main conclusions of the study are following : 1) in both authors views, the problems of microfascism are connected with their criticism of modern capitalist society, which has adopted the fundamental features of historical fascism; 2) desubjectivation in the interpretation of J. Deleuze is defined as the dominance of the inhumane "logic of capital" over all possible ways of asserting the desire of the subject, and T. Adorno is defined as the displacement by culture of all opportunities to show non-stereotypical and unconventional ways of self-expression of the individual; 3) both authors cannot give an exact recipe for overcoming the prevailing social problems and the subsequent disintegration of human subjectivity and insist on the need to change the ways of understanding and the perception of culture.

Национальная ментальность в зеркале происхождения репрезентантов орнитологических концептов в русском языке

This article presents a conceptual analysis of individual components of the structure of ornithological concepts important for the Russian linguistic worldview. The concepts SWALLOW (lastochka), STORK (aist) and SWAN (lebed’) are studied from the perspective of considering the motivating signs that form the basis for naming the representatives of these concepts as fragments of Russian national worldview and mentality. A concept originates upon the appearance of the primary sign – the inner, initial form of a word that objectifies a concept in a language. An overview of modern scholarly literature has shown that the abovementioned ornithological concepts have not been previously investigated in terms of the origin of their names in the Russian language. This constitutes the novelty of the article. The analysis identified 4 motivating signs of the concept SWALLOW (‘flying/to fly/to flutter’, ‘love/caress’, ‘fast’, ‘to jump’), 2 signs of the concept STORK (‘chernoguz stork’, ‘grey heron’) and 5 signs of the concept SWAN (‘white’, ‘white spot’, ‘dove’, ‘the Elbe’, ‘light/whitish’). All of the signs point to the primary national ideas about the concepts under study in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian people. These signs reflect the attitude of humans toward the birds and the idea of their place in each other’s lives. The identified motivating signs already contain “future” conceptual and symbolic signs. Turning to the National Corpus of the Russian Language for examples, the paper demonstrates the relevance of these motivating signs. Having studied the original meanings of these ornithological concepts in Russian linguoculture, the author concludes that the swallow is most often associated with humans, while the swan personifies God, and the stork is identified with the heron.

ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ О ЖИЗНИ В ЯЗЫКОВОМ СОЗНАНИИ ПЕДАГОГОВ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ

Statement of the problem. The study of ideas about LIFE in the professional linguistic consciousness based on the materials of the “Associative Dictionary of the Professional Group “Teacher “of the Krasnoyarsk Territory”. The purpose of the article is to describe the associative field LIFE on the basis of direct and reverse reactions, as well as their comparison in the linguistic consciousness of teachers of different subject disciplines. The results of the study showed that the primary ideas about LIFE are happiness and love, meaning of existence, health, sports and desire to change life for the better. These representations of teachers from different educational areas differ. This can be explained by the peculiarities of the perception of reality and the specifics of the subjects taught.

Fluid objects? An attempt to conceptualise the global rise of “coworking spaces”

AbstractThe paper explores the emergence and proliferation of “coworking spaces”. Driven by empirical observations during the last 10 years, the paper examines the analytical potential of the concept “fluid objects” to explain the global rise of coworking spaces. With remarkable speed, coworking spaces emerged worldwide during the last 15 years and receive enormous attention from researchers, policy‐makers, and the public. However, researchers still struggle to define coworking spaces and a closer look into the field reveals the diversity and heterogeneity of these facilities. How is it that such different places are nevertheless recognised as belonging to the same phenomenon? Within Science and Technology Studies (STS), the notion of “fluid objects” has been developed to describe entities obtaining their strength through adaptability and flexibility. The paper argues that fluidity is a useful conceptual foundation to better understand the emergence and proliferation of coworking spaces. The primary conceptual ideas presented in this paper are enhanced with empirical data, collected from different coworking spaces in Berlin, Amsterdam, and North Rhine‐Westphalia.

Developing a national primary care research network: a qualitative study of stakeholder views.

Introduction Primary care research is critical to address Aotearoa New Zealand's (NZ) health sector challenges. These include health inequities, workforce issues and the need for evaluation of health system changes. Internationally, primary care data are routinely collected and used to understand these issues by primary care research and surveillance networks (PCRN). NZ currently has no such infrastructure. Aim To explore health sector stakeholders' views on the utility of, and critical elements needed for, a national PCRN in NZ. Methods Twenty semi-structured interviews and a focus group were conducted with key stakeholders, representing different perspectives within the health sector, including Hauora Māori providers. Data were analysed thematically. Results Six themes were identified that included both challenges within current primary care research and ideas for a future network. The themes were: disconnection between research, practice and policy; desire for better infrastructure; improving health equity for Māori and other groups who experience inequity; responding to the research needs of communities; reciprocity between research and practice; and the need for data to allow evidence-informed decision-making. Improving health equity for Māori was identified as a critical function for a national PCRN. Discussion Stakeholders identified challenges in conducting primary care research and translating research into practice and policy in NZ. Stakeholders from across the health sector supported a national PCRN and identified what its function should be and how it could operate. These views were used to develop a set of recommendations to guide the development of a national PCRN.