Primary Gas Research Articles

To Bring an End to Global Warming -Make it Rain

Over the last 40 years, the average global temperature has risen by 1°C and the catastrophic storm risk has tripled, as the latent heating power of the atmosphere grew, driven by the 15% increase in the average global concentration of the primary greenhouse gas, water vapor. Global warming and the catastrophic storm risk only worsen as the average global concentration of water vapor continues to increase at 0.4% yr.-1driving the average global temperature up at 0.2°C per decade. As the latent heating power of the atmosphere rose, the annual number of catastrophic, weather-related events increased to over 750, by 2019, 525 above the 1980 baseline of 225 annual events. Since 1980, these weather-related catastrophic events have taken tens of thousands of lives, wiped out whole communities while wreaking4.6 trillion dollars in cumulative worldwide weather-related destruction, of which 2.4 trillion dollars is the result of global warming driven increasing atmospheric latent heating power, as shown by the close correlation of major weather-related events with the average global temperature record (correlation coefficient 0.84).

The Volume and Geochemical Characteristics of Desorption Gases From Wufeng–Longmaxi (O3w-S1l) Shale in the Xishui Area, North Guizhou, China

The Upper Ordovician–Lower Silurian Wufeng–Longmaxi (O3w-S1l) shale is widely distributed in the Xishui area, north Guizhou, China. However, the potential and characteristics of shale gases in the Xishui area are not well evaluated, which has limited the exploration of shale gas in this area. In this study, we collected 14 fresh core samples of Wufeng–Longmaxi Formations from Well XK-3 and conducted gas desorption experiments to evaluate the potential of shale gas resources in the Xishui area. After analyzing the chemical and isotopic composition of desorption gases, the origin and genesis of the shale gas were systematically studied. Our results show that the volume of desorption gases varies from 2.14 m3/t to 6.01 m3/t, with a mean value of 4.12 m3/t, showing great potential for shale gas in this area. The positive correlation between total organic carbon (TOC) and desorption gas volume indicates that organic matter provides the main pore volume for shale gas preservation. The desorption gases are very dry, which are mainly composed of methane (99.64‰–99.74%) with a very low content of ethane, and no nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide are detected. Based on geochemical diagrams, the desorption gases are identified as oil-associated thermogenic gases. The carbon isotopic values of methane and ethane display reversal distribution, due to the mixing of primary gases from kerogen cracking and the secondary gases from retained oil cracking and further possible cracking of heavy gaseous hydrocarbons (C3H8—C5H12) at higher thermal maturity (Ro > 2.00%). After comparing with Jiaoshiba, Changning, Weiyuan, and Dingshan areas, the carbon isotopic values of shale gases of Wufeng–Longmaxi shale also show different features at different areas, which are mainly controlled by the thermal maturity levels of the shale.

Numerical modeling for CO2 storage with impurities associated with enhanced gas recovery in depleted gas reservoirs

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) in depleted gas reservoirs is an important strategy to mitigate the CO2 emissions, whereas the lack of financial incentives limits its application in large-scale. In order to reduce the costs and get potential financial benefits, CO2 with impurities (N2 and O2) were applied for CCS and CO2 storage with enhanced gas recovery (CSEGR). The impacts of the key properties of the depleted gas reservoir, including the gas recovery, reservoir temperature, residual water saturation, and the injection rate on the performance of CCS and CSEGR were analyzed systematically. The results showed that the CO2 storage capacity decreases proportionally to the impurity concentration. The reservoir with a temperature of 75 °C is favorable for the CO2 storage capacity compared with that of 114 °C. The impact of injection rate on the CO2 storage capacity is minor, whereas a high injection rate (10 kg/s) is advantageous for CSEGR, with a short project duration of 10.5 years compared with that of 20.1 years for the injection rage of 2.5 kg/s. The depleted gas reservoir with a primary gas recovery of 70% is favorable for CSEGR compared with that of 90%, while the order is reverse for CCS. It is suggested to produce the CH4 as possible before the operation of CCS and CSEGR. The N2 and O2 can be detected approximately 0.5 years before CO2 at the determined location, which can be regarded as a signal of potential CO2 leakage due to the chromatographic partitioning. In addition to the solubility and concentration of impurities would affect the partitioning, the residual water saturation is very crucial for the occurrence of significant chromatographic partitioning phenomenon.

Appalachian Basin–Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio–Oil and Gas Law Developments

This article addresses oil and gas case law developments that have occurred within the Appalachian Basin’s primary oil and gas producing states of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio during 2021 by reviewing opinions issued by the highest appellate courts within each of these three states. The oil and gas law topics addressed by these state supreme courts during 2021 have ranged from those occurring upstream, such as leasing, to those occurring downstream, such as approval of a utility rate increase for the extension of a natural gas pipeline.

Raman Micro‐Imaging of the Coexistence of sI and sII Hydrates Formed from a Mixed Methane‐Propane Gas in a Confined Space

AbstractNatural gas hydrate contains a specific amount of heavy hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, etc., aside from the primary guest gas of methane. Although the coexistence of two or even three hydrate structures has been discovered at several hydrate sites, the requisite formation mechanism is still not well understood. In‐situ observation of the formation process of mixed methane‐propane hydrate in a confined space was conducted using confocal Raman imaging microscopy. The Raman imaging results reveal that sI methane hydrate and sII mixed methane‐propane hydrate are formed and coexist in the reaction system. In the confined space, the sI hydrate originates from the dissolved gas in water, while the sII hydrate is formed from free gas. The results obtained can help explain the coexistence of sI and sII hydrates found in natural hydrate samples, as well as providing insights into a possible dynamic scenario of hydrate reservoirs in geological history.

Investigation of High-Stability Temperature Control in Primary Gas Thermometry

Investigation of High-Stability Temperature Control in Primary Gas Thermometry

Catalytic Removal of NOx on Ceramic Foam-Supported ZnO and TiO2 Nanorods Ornamented with W and V Oxides

Energy consumption steadily increases and energy production is associated with many environmental risks, e.g., generating the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions. The primary gas pollution concern is CO2, CH4, and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Environmental catalysis plays a pivotal role in NOx mitigation (DeNOx). This study investigated, for the first time, a collection of ceramic foams as potential catalyst support for selective catalytic NOx reduction (SCR). Ceramic foams could be an attractive support option for NOx removal. However, we should functionalize the surface of raw foams for such applications. A library of ceramic SiC, Al2O3, and ZrO2 foams ornamented with nanorod ZnO and TiO2 as W and V oxide support was obtained for the first time. We characterized the surface layer coating structure using the XPS, XRF and SEM, and TEM microscopy to optimize the W to V molar ratio and examine NO2 mitigation as the SCR model, which was tested only very rarely. Comparing TiO2 and ZnO systems reveals that the SCR conversion on ZnO appeared superior vs. the conversion on TiO2, while the SiC-supported catalysts were less efficient than Al2O3 and ZrO2-supported catalysts. The energy bands in optical spectra correlate with the observed activity rank.

CO2-enriched CBM accumulation mechanism for low-rank coal in the southern Junggar Basin, China

This paper mainly focused on the genesis of coalbed methane (CBM), CO2 origin and the CBM accumulation mechanism in the southern Junggar Basin using a combination of geochemical and geological analysis methods. From this work, it is found that the degree of early coalification and the current structural and hydrogeological conditions jointly determine the regional differences in CBM genesis, accumulation and gas-bearing capacity. Microbial (biogenic) gases are widely developed in the whole study area, while their generation types and contributions vary greatly in different areas and structural belts. The CBM in the eastern Urumqi (ER) and Jimusaer (JMSE) areas is primary microbial (biogenic gas) that have been generated through CO2 reduction pathway and mixed with a small amount of early mature thermogenic gas. The Baiyang River (BYR) area has a mixed gas source of early mature thermogenic gas, primary microbial gas and secondary microbial gas. The CBM in other areas is mixed gas of thermogenic and secondary microbial origins. Abnormally high CO2 concentration and extremely positive δ13C-CO2 are all related to microbial methanogenesis. The CO2 in the ER and JMSE areas and partial CO2 in the BYR area are produced by the microorganism-mediated degradation of sedimentary organic matter. The selective consumption by microbial reduction and differential dissolution of groundwater result in an increase in CO2 concentration with increasing burial depth in the ER and BYR areas. The CO2 in other areas is originally derived from the deoxidation reaction of early coalification which then undergoes secondary biotransformation. The CO2 intervention commonly runs through the whole process of CBM accumulation in low-rank coal in the study area. Due to isotope fractionation caused by groundwater flow and differential modification of microorganisms, the vertical variations of δ13C-CH4 and δ13C-CO2 are positively correlated with burial depth, and the genetic types and gas-bearing characteristics of CBM have obvious vertical zoning under the condition of high-dip structures.

Three-dimensional modeling study of the oxy-fuel co-firing of coal and biomass in a bubbling fluidized bed

In this work, the co-firing of biomass and coal in an oxy-fuel bubbling fluidized bed combustor is numerically explored using a multiphase particle-in-cell reactive model. After model validation, the complex in-furnace phenomena and thermochemical properties are thoroughly studied. The results show that the lateral injection of solid fuels and secondary gas flow results in the non-uniform distributions of gas-solid fluxes and gas products. Segregation makes sand particles concentrate in the bottom region. Particle mass decreases axially, corresponding to the coal in the medium region and biomass in the upper region. Higher oxygen concentration leads to higher gas temperature and lower gas density attributed to the enhanced oxidation reactions. Elevating superficial gas velocity causes a lower gas temperature, higher gas density, lower CO2 and H2O concentrations because of the reduced residence time of gas-solid flow. A larger portion of primary gas flow causes the reduced O2 concentration, increased H2O concentration, but unchanged CO2 concentration in the lower region.

Exergoeconomic analysis of hybrid sCO2 Brayton power cycle

A hybrid power cycle is designed based on the Allam cycle configuration. The system utilizes solar power as its primary heat source and natural gas oxy-combustion as a complementing heat source. The purpose of the complimenting heat source is continual production when the sun is not available and to ensure the reliability, responsiveness, and availability of the cycle for power generation with minimal adverse effects on the environment. This study is divided into three major steps. The first and second are energy and exergy analyses. The third step is exergoeconomic analysis to obtain the cost contribution of cycle components relative to its final product. Both configurations brought similar power output and second law efficiency. However, the energy efficiency was higher for the oxy-combustion configuration. The total product cost ($/GJ) for the oxy-combustion configuration was 50% less for the concentrated solar power configuration. The unit cost of electricity in (Cent/kWh) for the concentrated solar power configuration is approximately 60% higher than for the oxy-combustion configuration. The results showed potential reduction and cost-saving for both configurations; reducing exergy destruction in the main heat exchanger and the recuperator (concentrated solar power) or replacing the air separation unit (oxy-combustion configuration).

Controlling factors of the particle size of spherical silica synthesized by a dry process

AbstractSilica is an important inorganic compound used in many materials, including quartz products and resin fillers. To synthesize silica by a dry process, combustion methods using organosilicon compounds as raw monomers have been extensively studied. However, few studies have considered mass production or compared preparation methods using different types of organosilicon compounds and the same equipment. In this study, we used six starting materials in a dry process and examined the effect of monomer species on particle shape and size. The amount of raw monomer supplied was adjusted so that the calorific value of combustion was the same for all the raw monomers. We focused on the calorific value because it affects the construction cost of industrial‐scale production plants. For example, when the calorific value is high, the manufacturing plant is large and costly because the heat generated after the reaction must be removed. We obtained spherical silica particles by a dry process using six monomers. The particle size depended on both the basic unit of the monomer and the required oxygen (RO) ratio of the primary burner gas. This combination was essential in determining the speed of the initial reaction, number of nuclei, and residence time. Consequently, we established a factor that determines the size of spherical silica particles and successfully adjusted the particle size.

Abiotic decomposition of municipal solid waste under elevated temperature landfill conditions

Abiotic decomposition of simulated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) was investigated for thermal reactions that impact landfill gas components such as methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. The gas composition and temperature were monitored as a function of heating rate and time. The tests were conducted at 483 kPa (70 psig), 55 wt% moisture, and 30 to 60 W controlled heat input in the presence of biological inhibitors. The gas composition trends show that for heat inputs higher than 46 W, the CH4/CO2 ratio diverges from the initial value of 1.0 to as low as 0.2, correlated to a decrease in CH4 concentration. Major findings of the study include that the primary gas composition ratio (CH4/CO2) starts to reduce from the baseline value of 1.0 as the heating rate is increased from 30 W to 51 W and further declines at significantly higher rates beyond 51 W. The hydrogen evolution was directly proportional to the amount of CH4 available in the system. Low levels of CH4 (<25%) correspond to decreased H2 levels in the system (<5%) whereas injection of CH4 gas in the system correspond with a renewed H2 generation The study provides insights into the operational conditions such as available heat and moisture leading to changes in landfill gas ratios.

Diamondoid fractionation and implications for the Kekeya condensate field in the Southwestern Depression of the Tarim Basin, NW China

Oil and condensate reservoirs frequently experienced later gas charging and cap gas leakage. The influences of these two processes on diamondoid concentrations and compositions are not well documented. To investigate these issues, quantitative GC, GC-MS and GC-IRMS analyses were performed on 24 condensates from the Kekeya Field of gas condensate in the Southwestern Depression of the Tarim Basin, northwestern China. Only normal oils filled the reservoirs of this field prior to gas charging. Based on biomarker concentrations and carbon isotopic composition of individual n-alkanes, these oils were derived from multiple source rocks within the Permian and Middle–Lower Jurassic strata within the early to late window of oil generation. Diamondoid concentrations and compositions of condensates were mainly controlled by the gas that subsequently charged the reservoirs and the extents of cap gas leakage. Two deeper condensates KS101C2 and KS101C3 at 6651–6835 m have extremely high concentrations of 4- + 3-methyldiamantanes (4 + 3MD) in the range of 2523–4296 ppm and very low ratios of adamantane/diamantane (A/D) and methyladamantanes/methyldiamantanes (MAs/MDs) in the ranges of 0.10–0.11 and 0.28–0.33, respectively, demonstrating that these reservoirs were charged by the primary gas with high diamondoid concentration that was generated from very deeply buried source rocks at post mature stage in combination with extensive leakage of the cap gas (the secondary gas). The shallower condensate K2C2 at 3319–3326 m has a moderate 4 + 3MD concentration of 18 ppm and very low ratios of A/D and MAs/MDs of 0.00 and 0.19, respectively, demonstrating that this reservoir was charged by the secondary gas in combination with extensive leakage of the cap gas (the third-generation gas). The shallower condensate KX3C at 3765–3820 m has a lower 4 + 3MD concentration of 9 ppm but very high ratios of A/D and MAs/MDs of 8.60 and 16.73, respectively, demonstrating that this reservoir was charged by the third-generation gas with or without minor cap gas leakage. The other twenty condensates have 4 + 3MD concentrations in the range of 7–23 ppm and ratios of A/D and MAs/MDs in the ranges of 0.60–5.29 and 2.18–12.18, respectively, demonstrating that these reservoirs were charged by the secondary or/and third-generation gases with different extents of cap gas leakage. Furthermore, cap gas leakage influenced alkyladamantane ratios of MAI, DMAI-1, TMAI-1, TMAI-2 and EAI but not the alkyldiamantane ratios of MDI, DMDI-1 and DMDI-2 for maturity and source.

Real Time Flow Control System for Precise Gas Feed in COIL

This paper reports development of a real time flow control system for precise, controlled and uniform gas feed to a flowing medium Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL). The optimal operation of this prominent laser depends upon the desired supply of gas constituents such as nitrogen (N2), chlorine (Cl2) and iodine (I2) to achieve adequately mixed laser gas. The laser also demands real time variation of flow rates during gas constituent transitions in order to maintain stabilized pressures in critical subsystems. Diluent nitrogen utilized for singlet oxygen transport is termed as primary buffer gas and that for iodine transport is termed as secondary buffer gas (with main and bypass components). Also, nitrogen in precise flows is used for mirror blowing, nozzle curtain, cavity bleed and diffuser startup. A compact hybrid data acquisition system (Hybrid DAS) for precise flow control using LabVIEW 2014 platform has been developed. The supported flow ranges may vary from few mmole.s-1 to few hundred mmole.s-1. The estimated relative uncertainty in the largest gas component i.e. primary buffer gas feed is nearly 0.7%. The implementation of in-operation variation using flow ramp enables swift stabilization of singlet oxygen generator pressures critical for successful COIL operation. The performance of Hybrid DAS is at par with fully wired DAS providing the crucial benefit of remote field operation at distances of nearly 80m in line of sight and 35m with obstacles

Plasma-assisted CO2 reforming of methane over Ni-based catalysts: Promoting role of Ag and Sn secondary metals

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are the primary greenhouse gases (GHGs) that drive global climate change. CO2 reforming of CH4 or dry reforming of CH4 (DRM) is used for the simultaneous conversion of CO2 and CH4 into syngas and higher hydrocarbons. In this study, DRM was investigated using Ag–Ni/Al2O3 packing and Sn–Ni/Al2O3 packing in a parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The performance of the DBD reactor was significantly enhanced when applying Ag–Ni/Al2O3 and Sn–Ni/Al2O3 due to the relatively high electrical conductivity of Ag and Sn as well as their anti-coke performances. Using Ag–Ni/Al2O3 consisting of 1.5 wt% Ag and 5 wt% Ni/Al2O3 as the catalyst in the DBD reactor, 19% CH4 conversion, 21% CO2 conversion, 60% H2 selectivity, 81% CO selectivity, energy efficiency of 7.9% and 0.74% (by mole) coke formation were achieved. In addition, using Sn–Ni/Al2O3, consisting of 0.5 wt% Sn and 5 wt% Ni/Al2O3, 15% CH4 conversion, 19% CO2 conversion, 64% H2 selectivity, 70% CO selectivity, energy efficiency of 6.0%, and 2.1% (by mole) coke formation were achieved. Sn enhanced the reactant conversions and energy efficiency, and resulted in a reduction in coke formation; these results are comparable to that achieved when using the noble metal Ag. The decrease in the formation of coke could be correlated to the increase in the CO selectivity of the catalyst. Good dispersion of the secondary metals on Ni was found to be an important factor for the observed increases in the catalyst surface area and catalytic activities. Furthermore, the stability of the catalytic reactions was investigated for 1800 min over the 0.5 wt% Ag-5 wt% Ni/Al2O3 and 0.5 wt% Sn-5 wt% Ni/Al2O3 catalysts. The results showed an increase in the reactant conversions with an increase in the reaction time.

NO-LIF法を用いた都市ごみ焼却炉一次燃焼ガスに対するMILD Combustion状態の燃焼場におけるNO生成機構に関する研究

NO-LIF法を用いた都市ごみ焼却炉一次燃焼ガスに対するMILD Combustion状態の燃焼場におけるNO生成機構に関する研究

Origin and accumulation mechanisms of deep paleozoic oil and gas: A case study of the central Tarim basin, western China

Old strata and deep petroleum systems are becoming increasingly important. The Cambrian-Lower Ordovician petroleum reservoirs in the eastern Tazhong Uplift, central Tarim Basin, western China were studied comprehensively using various methods, including biomarkers, carbon isotopes of oil and gas, TOC and Rock-Eval pyrolysis of potential source rocks, as well as fluid inclusions, thin sections of dolomite rocks and Raman spectra of reservoir bitumen. The results show that the content of C 28 steranes among the C 27-29 steranes in most of the oil samples is greater than 0.25. The original hydrocarbon generation and expulsion potential of Cambrian and Lower Ordovician shale samples from the nearby Manjiaer Depression is considerable, and the oils are considered mainly derived from the Paleozoic shales in the Manjiaer Depression and the surrounding slops. Three notable types of oil and gas reservoirs were recognized in the Cambrian and Ordovician dolomite rocks: 1) the relatively well preserved primary reservoirs; 2) the residual reservoirs after deep oil-gas cracking with participation of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR); 3) the reformed reservoirs by the late charged high mature gas. In the vicinity of the No.1 fault zone, the effect of late gas charging and invasion is remarkable. They are mostly the mixture of gas cracked from both crude oil and heavy hydrocarbon gas in high mature stage. Oil and gas-liquid inclusions detected in the Cambrian reservoirs together with the Raman spectral characteristics of reservoir bitumen confirm the existed Cambrian paleo-oil reservoirs and oil cracking process. The gypsum-salt rock developed in Cambrian system is considered as a crucial factor for the primary oil and gas reservoirs, and the nearby areas within or below the strata where these gypsum-salt rock developed are suggested as favorable targets for deep to ultra-deep petroleum exploration. • Geochemistry characteristics of Cambrian and lower Ordovician oils were revealed. • Three modes of petroleum reservoirs in terms of formation mechanisms were proposed. • Major charging periods based on the fluid inclusions and burial-thermal history was suggested. • Hydrocarbon generation potential of Cambrian shale and Ordovician argillaceous dolomite was evaluated. • The sources and genesis of Cambrian and lower Ordovician oil and gas were clarified.

Study on Air-to-Water Heat Pumps Seasonal Performances for Heating in Greece

Air-to-water heat pumps (AWHPs) is a very good option for efficient heating in the residential and commercial building sectors. Their performance and therefore the use of primary energy and CO2 gas emissions are affected by various factors. The aim of this paper is to present a study on the seasonal coefficient of performance in heating (SCOP) of AWHPs, which are available in the Greek market. The sample consists of 100 models in total, offered by 12 manufacturers, in a range of heat pump’s thermal capacity up to 50 kW. The calculation of SCOP values was performed according to the methodology proposed by the EN14825 standard. The results indicate how the heating capacity, the local climate, the supply water temperature, the compressor’s technology, and the control system affect the seasonal performance of the various AWHP models examined. Setting the SCOP ≥ 3 value as a criterion, the analysis that was carried out in four climatic zones A, B, C, and D of Greece, shows that there are many models that meet this criterion, and, in fact, their number increases from the coldest to warmer climates, in combination with lower water supply temperatures to the heating system and a control system with weather compensation.

Comparison of primary gas flow standard spanning the range from 2 mL/min to 10 L/min

Main textThe CCM.FF-K6.2017 comparison was organised for the purpose of determination of the degree of equivalence of the national standards for low-pressure gas flow measurement over the range 2 mL/min to 10 L/min. Four molbloc-L flow elements and a molbox1+ were used as the transfer standards.Ten laboratories from three RMOs participated between August 2017 and January 2020 - EURAMET: INRIM (Italy); LNE (France); PTB (Germany); METAS (Switzerland); CMI (Czech Republic); SIM: NIST (USA); APMP: NMIJ/AIST (Japan); KRISS (Korea); NMIA (Australia); CMS (Chinese Taipei). The measurements were provided at prescribed reference pressure and temperature conditions. All results were used in the determination of the key comparison reference value (KCRV) and the uncertainty of the KCRV. The reference value was determined at each flow separately following the procedure presented by M G Cox [1]. The degree of equivalence with the KCRV was calculated for each flow and laboratory. This KCRV can now be used in further regional comparisons.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Stability of pyrolysis condensates during their high-temperature treatment

As part of a project dealing with the material use of waste plastics processed by pyrolysis, a method for the purification of primary pyrolysis gas at temperatures above the dew point of condensing components was proposed. In order to avoid the loss of liquid products, two procedures have been proposed to study this issue. The first procedure consists in separating the pyrolysis condensate from permanent gases and its subsequent evaporation and introduction into a high-temperature reactor where the purification takes place. The second procedure used the same equipment, but the pyrolyser was connected in series with a high temperature reactor by a heated tube. The function of the device is demonstrated on a pair of pure polymers, namely highdensity polyethylene and polypropylene. In practice, however, the device is used for testing waste plastics. The mass balance of liquid, gaseous and solid products of pyrolysis and subsequent vapour phase conduction through a high-tem-perature reactor was supplemented by data from chromatographic analysis. Experiments have shown that the separation of pyrolysis and subsequent evaporation of the condensate in an independent reactor causes the formation of an undesirable amount of fine aerosol (mist). Pyrolysis without any subsequent high-temperature step produced 85–90 % condensate. The inclusion of a separate high-temperature reactor reduced the yield of condensate to 44.5–47.5 %, at the expense of the above-mentioned mist. Its conver-sion back to liquid is difficult and makes the process inefficient for industry. In tests with the series-connected pyrolyser and the high-temperature reactor, the situation was significantly better. 68.5–73.5 % of condensate was obtained in this case. In addition to the formation of mist, the conduction of steam of condensing components through the high-temperature reactor also caused a slight change in the composition of the liquids obtained. There was a decrease in the proportion of C21–C29 hydrocarbons in products and, conversely, an increase in the concentration of C5–C15 hydrocarbons. Besides verifying a suitable approach to the high-temperature processing of pyrolysis products, the experiments showed that changing a single subparameter (in this case the separation of the two reactors) significantly altered the results of the experiments. During laboratory simulation of industrial processes, it is important not to approach simplifications, but to copy all conditions as much as possible.