Primary Force Research Articles

Effect of Polyisobutylene Succinimide on the Physical Stability of an Environmentally Friendly Pesticide Oil Dispersion Suspension

Oil dispersible suspension concentrates are safe, green, and environmentally friendly formulations. Problems such as layering, pasting, and bottoming are frequently encountered during the production, storage, and transportation process. Polyisobutylene succinimide functions as a dispersant and exhibits great potential to improve the physical stability of the oil dispersible suspension concentrate. From a microscopic perspective, the sorption characteristics of the polyisobutylene succinimide dispersant T151 on penoxsulam particle surfaces were comprehensively evaluated with XPS, FTIR, and SEM. The T151 adsorption procedure complied with a pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption model, and it was a kind of physical sorption with an Ea of 22.57 kJ⋅mol⁻¹. The T151 sorption model was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption process was spontaneous and followed by an entropy increase. The ΔH^θ of dispersant T151 on the surface of penoxsulam particles was 31.59 kJ⋅mol⁻¹. The adsorption procedure was endothermic, and the primary force was hydrogen bonding. The XPS results showed that the F and S electronic peaks at the penoxsulam interface decreased, and that the C electronic peak increased significantly after the adsorption of dispersant T151, indicating the adsorption on the surface of penoxsulam particles. The results of this study provide a vital theoretical basis for the application of polyisobutylene succinimide dispersants in oil dispersible suspension systems.

How do nurses work in chronic management in the age of artificial intelligence? development and future prospects.

AI is undeniably revolutionizing medical research and patient care across diverse fields. Chronic disease nursing care, a pivotal aspect of clinical management, has significantly reaped the benefits of AI across numerous dimensions. Understanding the operational principles of artificial intelligence before implementation is crucial, avoiding indiscriminate replacement of all tasks with AI. Nurses serve as the primary force in symptom group research, expanding beyond diabetes to encompass various chronic diseases; their primary responsibility involves recording patients' daily symptoms and vital signs. However, a substantial portion of current AI research excludes nurses from the developmental phase, encompassing them solely in user and feedback populations. The comprehensive design of the symptom analysis and long-term management approach necessitates the guidance and oversight of nurses; however, their current insufficient involvement might stem from nursing staff's comparatively limited comprehension of AI and their ambiguous perception of their role's value in AI. Therefore, an imperative exploration of nurses' roles in symptom analysis and long-term management, leveraging the latest research in these areas, is vital to pinpoint breakthroughs in nurses' AI involvement in the future.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) For Decision-Making in Organisation

Since the beginning of time, innovation has been the primary force behind rising living standards. But, because innovation renders outdated technology obsolete, it is a very disruptive process. The development of artificial intelligence may have the greatest effects on organisational decision-making of all the new technologies that emerged in the late 20th century. The consequences of its application in complicated social settings have not been adequately studied because the development of artificial intelligence technologies and models has mostly been focused on psychological models of human cognition. This paper aims to generate research that will advance our understanding of artificial intelligence’s effects and function within complex organisations. The linkages between AI technologies and the components of organisational decision-making have been examined in a set of 11 hypotheses that have been created. Here, it is stated that implementing expert systems will result in less complex political decision-making processes, but implementing a natural language system will result in more complex political decision-making processes.

On the Periodic Gesture between Task Conflict and Team Creativity

This paper proposes an emergency model for task conflict, team creativity and project team development.As we all know, innovation is the primary productive force in enterprises. However, the conflicts arising from the task can better promote the development of creativity, which can be divided into three periods: the growth of creativity in the early, middle and final periods. Conflict is not a bad thing, but conflict at the right time can stimulate the creativity of members to a greater extent, brainstorming, information exchange and sharing. The relationship between task conflict and team creativity depends on the degree of conflict and when it occurs in the life cycle of the project team. In the research, it is found that creativity is the highest among medium-level task conflicts. In the later stage, task conflicts are found to have nothing to do with creativity.In modern organizations, the work team has become an important form and basic unit to complete the work, and its creativity is directly and significantly related to the performance output of the enterprise, but the diversity of members in the team is closely related to individual creativity, and interpersonal interaction will produce certain conflicts at all times, and the creativity that is stimulated in the conflict shows different forms and how to operate.

Surface Engineering of Halloysite with Graphene Oxide Via Primary and Secondary Forces, Characterizations, and Electrokinetic Properties

Surface Engineering of Halloysite with Graphene Oxide Via Primary and Secondary Forces, Characterizations, and Electrokinetic Properties

Halogen- and hydrogen-bonded self-assembled fibrillar networks of substituted 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-D-sorbitols (DBS).

Substituting the sole primary hydroxyl group of the low molecular weight organogelator (LMOG), 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS), with a halogen atom (Cl, Br, or I; i.e., 6-Cl-DBS, 6-Br-DBS, or 6-I-DBS) drastically alters the supramolecular self-assembled fibrillar network (SAFiN) that forms when the molecules aggregate. The SAFiN varies depending on the solvent properties, impacting the role of non-covalent hydrogen- and halogen-bonding interactions along and between fibers. The halogenated DBS derivatives have more coherent crystalline fibers than DBS, with larger length-to-width aspect ratios. High-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction of each wet-state gel in toluene and DFT optimization obtained complete structures for the three halogenated DBS derivatives in their SAFiNs. The presence of a halogen atom reduces the reliance on hydrogen bonding by enabling new halogen bonding interactions that impact the self-assembly behavior, especially in solvents of higher polarity. For 6-I-DBS and 6-Br-DBS, the primary forces driving molecular self-assembly are C-H⋯π and intermolecular halogen-to-halogen interactions, and there is one unique molecule in each unit cell. However, the Cl atoms of 6-Cl-DBS are not close, and its SAFiN structures rely more on hydrogen bonding. As a result, the enhanced hydrogen bonding, electronic differences among the halogens, and spatial factors allow its unit cell to include two independent molecules of 6-Cl-DBS.

Revisiting conventional noncovalent interactions towards a complete understanding: from tetrel to pnicogen, chalcogen, and halogen bond.

Typical noncovalent interactions, including tetrel (TtB), pnicogen (PniB), chalcogen (ChalB), and halogen bonds (HalB), were systematically re-investigated by modeling the N⋯Z interactions (Z = Si, P, S, Cl) between NH3 - as a nucleophilic, and SiF4, PF3, SF2, and ClF - as electrophilic components, employing highly reliable ab initio methods. The characteristics of N⋯Z interactions when Z goes from Si to Cl, were examined through their changes in stability, vibrational spectroscopy, electron density, and natural orbital analyses. The binding energies of these complexes at CCSD(T)/CBS indicate that NH3 tends to hold tightly most with ClF (-34.7 kJ mol-1) and SiF4 (-23.7 kJ mol-1) to form N⋯Cl HalB and N⋯Si TtB, respectively. Remarkably, the interaction energies obtained from various approaches imply that the strength of these noncovalent interactions follows the order: N⋯Si TtB > N⋯Cl HalB > N⋯S ChalB > N⋯P PniB, that differs the order of their corresponding complex stability. The conventional N⋯Z noncovalent interactions are characterized by the local vibrational frequencies of 351, 126, 167, and 261 cm-1 for TtB, PniB, ChalB, and HalB, respectively. The SAPT2+(3)dMP2 calculations demonstrate that the primary force controlling their strength retains the electrostatic term. Accompanied by the stronger strength of N⋯Si TtB and N⋯Cl HalB, the AIM and NBO results state that they are partly covalent in nature with amounts of 18.57% and 27.53%, respectively. Among various analysis approaches, the force constant of the local N⋯Z stretching vibration is shown to be most accurate in describing the noncovalent interactions.

Reconstruction of the gaps in malfunction Landsat7 images: Review

The Landsat satellite series program has been developed and managed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) since 1972, representing the longest temporal record of space-based terrestrial observation and taking into account the primary forces advancing the science concept in the global earth systems. Despite the malfunction images of Landsat 7 in 2003, the malfunction imagery preserves its important value in both technical studies and applications. Thus, there are numerous approaches and algorithms that have been presented to solve the SLC-off trouble by finding appropriate methods and approaches to predict the pixel reflectance values at gap locations accurately. This work aims to familiarize the reader with the concepts related to recovering the gap locations of the Landsat 7 SLC-off imagery approaches.

JUSTIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT PARAMETERS FOR PRODUCTS MADE OF NATURAL STONE WITH STEEL AND COMPOSITE CORES

Purpose. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using steel and composite reinforcement to enhance the strength characteristics of products made of natural stone. Methodology. The preparation of specimens for conducting strength tests is performed and described. Recommendations are provided for the preparation, configuration, and utilization of the main tools and materials involved in the research. The components of the experiment aimed at determining the strength characteristics of the specimens are developed and described. Based on the obtained data, calculations of the primary force parameters during the failure of the specimens under bending loads are carried out. Results. The research findings on the application of steel and composite reinforcement methods to improve the strength properties of stone products revealed that the use of composite reinforcement consistently increases deformation under higher loads, indicating better control of plastic deformation compared to steel reinforcement. However, the ultimate strength and load-bearing capacity of specimens reinforced with composite reinforcement are lower than those reinforced with steel reinforcement. Scientific novelty lies in the systematic analysis and comparison of the effectiveness of different types of reinforcement in enhancing the strength characteristics of products made of natural stone, as well as in the development of methodology and experimental procedures for determining force parameters. The obtained results indicate the potential of composite reinforcement for controlled plastic deformation and establish limitations regarding ultimate strength and load-bearing capacity. Practical significance of the research lies in providing recommendations and information that can be utilized by designers, engineers, and construction professionals in the manufacturing of products made of natural stone, as well as in the planning and implementation of construction projects involving natural stone.

RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM AND THE CRISIS OF INSECURITY IN NIGERIA: A PHILOSOPHICAL DISCOURSE

This paper sets out to discuss the effects of religious extremism and how they breed insecurity in Nigeria. This is apt following the fact that over the years, little or no concern has been given to religion as a major causative factor of insecurity crisis in Nigeria. Today, in as much as the question of insecurity is not exclusively a consequence of economic, political or tribal crisis, religion through extremists has been identified as a major factor. However, in addressing this issue, the paper raises certain questions to include: What end is expected from religion? What should be the primary force driving religion? Nevertheless, at the end of this research, it shall, through the exposition on religious influences in the country, prove that religion is a causative phenomenon to insecurity crisis in Nigeria. The paper shall also proffer solutions to these effects as it takes the discourse through comparative and expository methods in ethical and ontological dimensions.

Scientometrics-Based Research Status and Hot Topics Analysis of Chinese Private Colleges under Policy Guidance

Private colleges play an important role in the cause of education, explore the research landscape and trends in development, and provide theoretical support and management practices for high-quality, healthy, and sustainable development. Based on a bibliometric analysis, and employing techniques such as scientometrics, social network analysis, a two-dimensional matrix, and textual analysis, this study analyzed the research literature on private colleges in the CSSCI database from 1998 to 2021, along with relevant policies from the legal literature database. This analysis addressed the dimensions of spatial and temporal distribution, author cooperation, primary journals, and research topics. The results showed a significant increase in the number of research papers published by private colleges, although with an uneven regional distribution of research development and differing influence and attention. The primary research forces of private colleges were mainly concentrated in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions. For scientific research cooperation, several core research groups were formed. According to the content analysis of relevant policies, the research of private universities has gone through three evolutionary stages: the lead period, the development period, and the adjustment period. Scholars in the lead period focused on learning about the advanced systems and concepts of foreign private colleges, while conducting research from a macro perspective. During the development period, the focus was on researching the management modes of Chinese private colleges from the medium point of view, while exploring different operating modes. During the adjustment period, private colleges research has returned to the macro level, exploring the classified management and governance of private colleges and re-examining China’s private colleges.

Role of intracortical neuropil growth in the gyrification of the primate cerebral cortex

The convolutions of the mammalian cerebral cortex allow the enlargement of its surface and addition of novel functional areas during evolution while minimizing expansion of the cranium. Cognitive neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, including microcephaly and lissencephaly, are often associated with impaired gyrification. In the classical model of gyrification, surface area is initially set by the number of radial units, and the forces driving cortical folding include neuronal growth, formation of neuropil, glial cell intercalation, and the patterned growth of subcortical white matter. An alternative model proposes that specified neurogenic hotspots in the outer subventricular zone (oSVZ) produce larger numbers of neurons that generate convexities in the cortex. This directly contradicts reports showing that cortical neurogenesis and settling of neurons into the cortical plate in primates, including humans, are completed well prior to the formation of secondary and tertiary gyri and indeed most primary gyri. In addition, during the main period of gyrification, the oSVZ produces mainly astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Here we describe how rapid growth of intracortical neuropil, addition of glial cells, and enlargement of subcortical white matter in primates are the primary forces responsible for the post-neurogenic expansion of the cortical surface and formation of gyri during fetal development. Using immunohistochemistry for markers of proliferation and glial and neuronal progenitors combined with transcriptomic analysis, we show that neurogenesis in the ventricular zone and oSVZ is phased out and transitions to gliogenesis prior to gyral development. In summary, our data support the classical model of gyrification and provide insight into the pathogenesis of congenital cortical malformations.

Psychological safety and emergency department team performance: A mixed-methods study.

Team culture underpins team performance. Psychological safety - 'a shared belief held by members of a team that the team is safe for interpersonal risk taking' - is a critical component of team culture for high-performing teams across contexts. However, psychological safety in ED teams has not been well explored. We aimed to explore this core teamwork concept in the ED. This was a sequential mixed-methods study of nursing and medical staff at a large tertiary care ED in Australia from October 2020 to March 2021. First, participants completed the 'Team Learning and Psychological Safety Survey' and a narrative questionnaire. These findings informed semi-structured interviews. We determined median psychological safety and compared results across role and length of time working in the department. Qualitative results were analysed using a deductive thematic analysis using a previously generated framework for enablers of psychological safety at the individual, team and organisational levels. The survey was completed by 72/410 participants and 19 interviews were conducted. The median psychological safety score was 37/49 (IQR 13). Psychological safety was not experienced universally, with nurses and new staff experiencing lower levels. Individual, team and organisational factors impacted psychological safety. The primary force shaping psychological safety was familiarity with colleagues and leaders. Familiarity of team members and leaders was critical to the development of psychological safety within the ED. Fostering familiarity should be a focus for frontline leadership each shift and a priority in broader departmental decisions for those seeking to enhance the psychological safety of their teams.

Effect of citrus fiber on the phosphate-mediated gel properties of myofibrillar protein and partial replacement of phosphate

To evaluate the effect of citrus fiber (CF) on the phosphate-mediated gel properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) and partial replacement of phosphate, gels properties, emulsifying properties, molecular forces and structural characteristics, water distributions, microstructure of MP composite gels with sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) and CF were investigated. The results showed that the addition of STP and CF could enhance the gel properties by unfolding the structure of α-helix, and increasing the hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds, which were the primary molecular forces to stabilize the structure of MP-STP-CF composite gels. The measurement of relaxation time and microstructure further verified that STP and CF could convert more free water into immobile water, forming a more stable three-dimensional network structure. MP gel added with 5% STP and 10% CF exhibited the best gel properties, but excessive CF addition would weaken the intermolecular forces and immobile water content, then destroyed the gel properties. Moreover, MP gel with 3% STP and 10% CF addition had no significant difference on the gel properties and structures compared with MP gel with 5% STP. The results provided basic theoretical support for the application of CF in improving the structure of meat products and the partial substitution of phosphate.

Knowledge mapping of population health: A bibliometric analysis

In recent years, population health has aroused great interest, especially after the outbreak of Covid-19. The related research increases substantially year by year. There are many kinds of research about population health, but few scholars use the bibliometric method to discuss them. Motivated by keeping abreast of emerging trends and critical turns in population health, this study adopts the bibliometric method to analyze the development history and status quo of population health, providing a summary description for it. This study adopts CiteSpace to conduct a bibliometric analysis of publications related to population health in Web of Science from 1971 to 2021. The most productive countries, authors, institutions, and research direction changes are analyzed. The research results show that: First, the number of publications and citations related to population health increases for years, especially in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Second, the number of publications by different countries or institutions in population health varies greatly, and they cooperate closely. Third, the co-occurrence of disciplines and keywords in population health is displayed. Finally, this study reveals the primary research force, the major themes, significant milestones, landmarks, and the evolution of the hot fronts. In all, the comprehensive analysis of this study would provide some enlightenment for future research.

Understanding the roles and work of paramedics in primary care: a national cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesThis research aimed to fill a current knowledge gap, namely the current scope of clinical role of paramedics in primary care, in relation to specific constructs such a level of...

Mediasi Kepuasan Pengunjung pada Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Dan Penetapan Harga terhadap Loyalitas Pengunjung Objek Wisata Air Tejun Bah Biak Kabupaten Simalungun

Small and medium-sized businesses (MSMEs) are crucial to a nation's economy, which has lately emerged as one of the primary forces behind the development of the public monetary system. The state of the economy is getting worse right now. SMEs with the financial means use tactics, of course. The goal of this study is to determine whether to evaluate the method that SMEs using chicken and fish (Bakar Goreng) employ to increase the volume of their goods. An illuminating strategy with a subjective methodology, together with interview and inspection techniques, is the exploration strategy employed. The study's unintended consequences are. The advertising strategy utilized in BaReng to increase the seriousness of MSME items is to divide the market into showcases without considering consumer behavior, without any special guidelines, and without restricting customer time. Choosing to display the time before significant events like Christmas or Eid. Use a variety of advertising strategies to raise awareness of product quality and price. Face the competition by providing products with enticing bundling and affordable prices. The availability of raw materials and exceptional product quality are supportive factors for the MSME promotion system in raising the seriousness of MSME products. The narrow market network, the lack of online media activities used as a tool for promotion, and the intense rivalry are the repressive factors for MSMEs in presenting procedures in increasing the intensity of MSME products.

Kendala Kerjasama Informasi dan Jaringan di Perpustakaan


 
 The library's ability to grow is constrained by the times. The internet is progressively taking the place of libraries as a source of knowledge, starting with a poor mainset community and moving on to the library, internal ill-preparedness, and even paired with its presence. Based on these factors, this study aims to give a general overview of how the library can overcome internal issues by implementing internal knowledge management solutions as a catalyst for development, with notabene serving as the primary force behind the library's readiness to take on the challenge. The technique employed in this analysis of literature from several scientific sources include books and journal articles both in print and online. The findings of this study demonstrated that knowledge management can be used as a solution because it is essentially knowledge management applied to overcome unpreparedness or internal problems. By capturing knowledge stored by employees, knowledge management serves as a tool for both internal and external improvements, acting as a spark for ideas on problems faced. The first step in knowledge management to remove barriers from the library is to find people who share your perspective and give librarians opportunity and visibility to participate in managerial operations. The second is the procedure for managing activities like the creation of a community of practice for knowledge sharing and training. However, it must include specific actions like scheduling, discussion points, and the product that will be produced. The technology to create a knowledge management portal, which can only be accessible internally through the intranet, is the third item on the list. In order to reduce the likelihood that libraries would be unprepared to handle the difficulties of the information age, it is suggested that the library follow the following outcomes as routinely as feasible. 
 Keyword: library’s problems, librarians, knowledge management, knowledge sharing

Kendala Kerjasama Informasi dan Jaringan di Perpustakaan


 
 The library's ability to grow is constrained by the times. The internet is progressively taking the place of libraries as a source of knowledge, starting with a poor mainset community and moving on to the library, internal ill-preparedness, and even paired with its presence. Based on these factors, this study aims to give a general overview of how the library can overcome internal issues by implementing internal knowledge management solutions as a catalyst for development, with notabene serving as the primary force behind the library's readiness to take on the challenge. The technique employed in this analysis of literature from several scientific sources include books and journal articles both in print and online. The findings of this study demonstrated that knowledge management can be used as a solution because it is essentially knowledge management applied to overcome unpreparedness or internal problems. By capturing knowledge stored by employees, knowledge management serves as a tool for both internal and external improvements, acting as a spark for ideas on problems faced. The first step in knowledge management to remove barriers from the library is to find people who share your perspective and give librarians opportunity and visibility to participate in managerial operations. The second is the procedure for managing activities like the creation of a community of practice for knowledge sharing and training. However, it must include specific actions like scheduling, discussion points, and the product that will be produced. The technology to create a knowledge management portal, which can only be accessible internally through the intranet, is the third item on the list. In order to reduce the likelihood that libraries would be unprepared to handle the difficulties of the information age, it is suggested that the library follow the following outcomes as routinely as feasible. 
 Keyword: library’s problems, librarians, knowledge management, knowledge sharing

Opportunities, Challenges and Countermeasures of Government Public Management in The Era of Big Data

All along, the state regards science and technology as the primary productive force, so as to promote economic growth, social progress and national development. As the leading force of public management, the government is not only the practitioner of information construction, but also the guide. Nowadays, the amount of information involved in government public management is increasing, and the application of big data in government public management ensures that information acquisition is more convenient, faster and more accurate, and lays a good foundation for the stable development of society. This paper analyzes the challenges faced by government public management in the era of big data, and puts forward practical countermeasures and suggestions.