Primary Sector Of Economy Research Articles

Comprehensive Analysis of Agricultural Practices in Adapting Soil, Water and Pest Management to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa

Agriculture constitutes the primary economic sector in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, engaging over 70% of the population, predominantly vulnerable rural communities. For decades, agriculture in SSA has grappled with climatic constraints, intensifying the vulnerability of impoverished communities. In response, communities have developed indigenous practices to adapt to these climatic hazards, warranting greater recognition for potential optimization. This review identifies agricultural practices related to climate change adaptation, specifically focusing on soil management, water, and pests. The operational mechanisms of the most widely utilized practices were scrutinized through a thorough analysis. The study concludes by identifying nine practice categories. Results indicate that water collection practices and the use of organic fertilizers are the most prevalent in soil and water management. Additionally, agricultural and biological control practices dominate pest management. The comprehensive analysis underscores that the most frequently cited practices may not always be the easiest to implement. Nevertheless, these practices are agro-ecologically sustainable, contributing to soil health restoration, efficient water management, and pest control in Sub-Saharan African countries. The findings suggest a need for a research program that concentrates on the simultaneous application of these practices, enabling their optimization for more sustainable agriculture, particularly in the context of climate change adaptation and soil fertility restoration in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Occupational Shift from Agricultural to Non-Agricultural Sectors in Semi Urban Area

Despite considering agriculture as the primary economic sector, people in Nepal are rapidly moving away from this sector. Occupational shift from the traditional sector such as agriculture to the industrial sector and service sector is a global phenomenon because of modernity, urbanization, and search for comfortable life of people. People in Nepal also are abandoning agriculture as an occupation because of changing lifestyles, modernity, and national planning. As a result, the infantile industrial growth and insufficient employment generation in the service sector compelled thousands of youths to migrate daily to foreign lands for employment. Even within the country, youths migrating from rural to the urban area leaving their traditional agriculture occupation is a common phenomenon. This scenario triggered this researcher to understand the phenomenon of occupational shift and the dynamics of various elements playing a role behind it. To pursue the research purpose, a qualitative research design with the strategy of narrative inquiry was adopted to understand the experiences and perceptions of people who were on the verge of occupational shift. The four research participants; two from Kageshwori Manohara Municipality and two from Gokarneshwor municipality of Kathmandu valley were purposefully selected for the in-depth interview. In addition to listening and reflecting to their life stories about engagement to abandon agriculture occupation, their activities, emotions, and lifestyle were also narrated, observed, and analyzed. The qualitative analysis of participant’s narrations and observations of their daily life led to the major insights that various economic and socio-cultural dimensions of societal change were primarily associated with the occupational shift. People left agriculture as an occupation when they could not adopt modern technology. Therefore, they had work burden to follow the agriculture. Economic aspects like low and uncertain return from agriculture, comparatively higher benefit from non-farm occupations and access to foreign employment had encouraged people for the occupational shift. Likewise, the socio-cultural aspects such as urbanization, changing values of societies, peoples’ new lifestyle, and education system were also playing a vital role in the background to expedite occupational shift. The dynamics of these elements were viewed from the lenses of the modernization theory whereas analyses were made ii in the light of macro-micro interaction between structure and agency of the society. Despite the fading status of agriculture sector at present, the research concludes that potentiality of this sector is still high for the country to generate employment. The research indicates the importance to redefine the agricultural policy to attract youth in it thereby envisioning technical and vocational education. Likewise, the research also demonstrates the possibilities of increasing agricultural productivity and enhancing the social value of this occupation can revive the agriculture occupation again in Nepal by revisiting the education pattern of TVET.

A Review of Financial Problems Faced by Orange Producing Farmers in Amravati District

Agriculture in India serves as the primary economic sector, supporting the livelihoods of a significant portion of the population. With two-thirds of the populace dependent on it, agriculture remains the cornerstone of the nation's economy. Enhancing agricultural productivity is crucial for sustained growth, with its trajectory deeply intertwined with the country's long-term economic prospects. Within the agricultural landscape, orange farming stands as a prominent venture, particularly the cultivation of Nagpuri oranges, renowned for their quality. However, despite its promise, orange farmers encounter considerable financial hurdles, including fluctuating prices and high production costs. Hence the research study focused on the financial challenges faced by the orange producing farmers. To navigate these challenges, farmers must employ strategic financial management techniques while ensuring the quality of their produce. Additionally, marketing their oranges poses its own set of obstacles, prompting farmers to explore diverse avenues for sales, including local and international markets. Despite the financial constraints, orange farmers remain resilient, striving to maintain the excellence of their produce amidst economic uncertainties.

Venous disorders as an occupational disease - a systematic review on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and modification strategies.

Forced postures are common in the workplace. Work in the primary economic sector is characterised by a high degree of physical activity and movement; however, activities in the secondary and tertiary sectors commonly require workers to stand or sit. An expansion of the tertiary sector in recent decades has meant that people in industrialised and emerging economies primarily sit or stand at work. The aim of the systematic review was to identify occupational factors relating to the presence of chronic venous disease (CVD), to place these in the context of developments in the workplace, and to determine whether measures are in place to prevent CVD. We performed a systematic literature review to analyse studies assessing work-related risk factors for CVD. We searched for publications in the PubMed database, the clinic library of BG Hospital Bergmannstrost Halle, and the registry of the German Statutory Accident Insurance. Using occupation-specific keyword combinations, we identified 27,522 publications. The publications underwent an automatic and manual filtering process according to the PRISMA guidelines and 81 publications qualified for the review. Ultimately 25 studies were included in the systematic review. All of the subjects of the studies worked in the secondary and tertiary sectors. No studies looked at the relationship between venous disorders and primary sector occupations. Standing at work for more than four hours a day, repeated heavy lifting, and cumulative time working in a sitting or standing position are risk factors for the development of CVD. Sitting is less of a risk factor than standing or walking. Occupational history and the patient's activity profile are important diagnostic tools which can help confirm a diagnosis and justify treatment when findings are inconsistent. Compression therapy is the primary form of secondary and tertiary prevention. There continues to be a lack of primary preventive measures related to workplace design.

Redefining rural entrepreneurship: The impact of business ecosystems on the success of rural businesses in Extremadura, Spain

PURPOSE: Regarding the growth of public policies fostering rural entrepreneurship, the primary objectives of this work involve examining the concept of rural entrepreneurship, identifying key aspects that differentiate it from non-rural entrepreneurship, and assessing the role of the local entrepreneurial ecosystem in supporting the initiation and growth of rural ventures. To achieve these goals, the study adopts a novel approach by integrating an analysis of rural entrepreneurship features with an exploration of the entrepreneurial ecosystem’s impact. METHODOLOGY: After a review of the previous academic literature, the characteristics of rural entrepreneurship have been delimited, distinguishing it from non-rural. The research results have been obtained using a questionnaire, after a descriptive analysis of the sample, and an analysis of the difference in means by contrasting hypotheses using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. FINDINGS: This article explores the factors that contribute to rural entrepreneurship, challenging the notion that geographic location is the sole defining characteristic. Through the conducted investigation, it has been determined that a company’s classification as rural is not solely based on its geographical location in rural areas or involvement in primary sector activities. Other aspects, such as a strong connection with the local community or the ability to create value, are also essential in defining a rural enterprise. Additionally, it examines how business ecosystems can foster the growth and success of rural entrepreneurship. IMPLICATIONS: This study provides an analysis of how rural entrepreneurship can drive endogenous development in rural areas. It also offers insights for government entities and policymakers to implement effective support measures and strategies in business ecosystems within rural environments. This study highlights that the resources found in rural entrepreneurial ecosystems may not be sufficient to support rural entrepreneurship. It’s important to acknowledge that rural entrepreneurship requires specific resources that may not currently be available in business ecosystems. To increase the number of viable rural businesses, new resources tailored to rural entrepreneurship must be created, leveraging the area’s endogenous resources and growth models. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study examines the distinctive attributes of rural entrepreneurship, with a deliberate departure from exclusive emphasis on geographical location or primary economic sector. Drawing upon empirical research conducted among a cohort of rural enterprises, the analysis reveals that neither physical location nor primary sector affiliation substantially contribute to the establishment of these rural businesses. Instead, a profound connection to, and a heightened sense of belonging within the rural milieu emerge as pivotal determinants. Furthermore, rural entrepreneurship emerges as a promising avenue for the development of the region, offering substantial growth prospects. The investigation encompasses a scrutiny of the resources within the rural business ecosystem and their capacity to stimulate rural entrepreneurial activity. This emerging focal point represents a novel field of concern for governmental bodies and political institutions operating in rural areas.

Implementation of the theory of planned behavior in the primary and business economic sectors: A systematic literature review

Marketing researchers and psychologists have widely used the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict intention and behavior (Ajzen, 1991), but less attention has been given to the implementation of TPB in the business economy and particularly in primary production and business sectors (P&BS). The scope of the study is to identify the articles published during the past decades concerning the use of TPB alone or in combination with other theories which investigate managers’ or employees’ behaviors and intentions in P&BS. This paper reviews 334 articles abstracts, and the analysis conducts a distribution of articles per publication year, per economy sector, per theme area, as well as a citation analysis, journal contribution to the TPB in P&BS, and detection of other theories used in combination with TPB in P&BS. The results of the analysis revealed that the TPB has been used successfully in a variety of disciplines and that the areas of interest are also broad (Krueger & Carsrud, 1993; Zapkau et al., 2015). Finally, the most important theories used in combination with TPB constructs, are presented (Saeedi et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022), and some suggestions for potential future research on the subject and implications are provided.

The impact of economic development of primary and secondary industries on national CO2 emissions: The case of Russian regions

In today's world, where economic development and environmental sustainability are becoming increasingly important aspects of national strategy, attention to the impact of different economic sectors on climate change is becoming an integral part of scientific research. This article focuses on analyzing the impact of primary and secondary economic sectors development on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at the sub-national level in Russia from 2005 to 2019. The aim of the study is to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationships between the dynamics of these sectors and CO2 emission levels in different regions of the country. Weighted regression and panel data methods were applied to better identify the patterns of the impact. The results show that the size of population and electricity consumption have the highest impact on CO2 emissions. So that, the expansion of nuclear and gas generation capacity, as well as significant improvement of energy efficiency, are of crucial importance to reduce the emissions. Other sectors have a heterogeneous impact and requires more differential approaches, considering the specifics of regions. Taking into account the significant differences between the Russian constituent entities, this paper emphasizes the low informativeness of assessments at the national level and their inadequacy in terms of improving the efficiency of domestic management, including decarbonization policies.

Review and assessment of import diversification methods and measures in the primary economic sector

The diversification of import plays a very important role in the current world full of risks and political perturbations. Covid-19 lockdowns and Russian - Ukrainian war cause disruptions in supply chains. Therefore, import diversification is very important for ensuring the country's supply security. There are many measures and tools developed for assessing economic diversification, including import diversification though the majority of studies are addressing export diversification and analyzing the importance of economic diversification for economic growth and macro-economic stability in the primary sector. However, risks of supply disruptions, especially in the current globalized world, can cause many problems for specific industries, regions and countries. There is a literature gap on the analysis of import diversification methods and measures in terms of their suitability for economic analysis and decision-making in all economic sectors, including mining. The paper aims to overcome this gap by analyzing import diversification measures based on a systematic literature review and assessing them according to the main criteria of suitability for economic analysis and decision-making: simplicity, data availability, comparability and transparency. The ranking of import diversification methods and measures was provided based on conducted analysis and assessment.

The Influence of Traditional Exports on Economic Growth in Tanzania: The VECM Analysis

Background: Tanzania, like other developing countries, sees commerce as one of the most important tools for the country's growth and progress. Given that export is one of Tanzania's primary economic sectors, several empirical studies on the relationship between international commerce and the country's economic growth have been conducted. Objectives: The study looked primarily at the influence of traditional exports as the primary independent variable. Furthermore, the Natural Logarithm of Terms of Trade (TOT), the currency rate, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) are control variables, whereas GDP is the dependent variable. Methods: The research employed time-series data from the World Bank, the Bank of Tanzania (BOT), and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) that spans 31 years from 1991 to 2021 based on the Vector Error Correlation Model (VECM). Results: The findings revealed a link between Tanzania's economic growth and traditional exports, trade terms and currency rate. Furthermore, studies have found a negative and substantial association between exchange rates and economic growth in both the short and long run. Conclusion: The findings indicated that trade terms and traditional exports had a favorable and considerable influence on economic growth in the short run. In the long run, traditional exports and FDI had a negative and positive influence on economic growth, but trade terms had a considerable and positive effect. As a result, the study argues that Tanzania's government should prioritize export promotion measures above traditional exports to accelerate Tanzania's economic growth. The government should prioritize the establishment of factories that will add value to traditional export items

Diagnostic Assessment of Post-COVID-19 Operations for Business Model Reconfiguration Decision

The current study develops a diagnostics assessment model of post-COVID-19 operations for business model reconfiguration decision referred to as the Pakade model. For this purpose, it identified seven diagnostic factors namely business operations disruptions, loss of human resources, changing cost structure due to safety requirements, work structure and culture change, disruption of supply chain and logistics, changing customer requirement and behaviour, and consequences of interventions on sustainability. The assessment was conducted using a 29-item scale scored on a 7-point scale representing the level of impact on the respective firm’s business model. The proposed model assesses the composite score and relative importance index for each business factor, highlights the approach for investigating the validity and reliability of this multidimensional model, and makes short- and long-term impact evaluation with multiple linear regression and difference-in-difference (DiD) method, respectively. Diagnostics assessment determines the form and extent of business model reconfiguration. It can either be an adjustment driven by the introduction or enhancement of world class work practices, a business re-engineering, or a complete change of the business model. This model can be applied to both the primary and secondary economic sectors to determine the changes required in the business model of a firm.

EFFECTS OF PANDEMIC COVID-19 ON THE MALAYSIAN ECONOMY, FOCUSED ON FIVE IMPORTANT INDUSTRIES AND SHARIAH VIEWPOINTS

Globally, more than 4.3 million confirmed cases and more than 2,90,000 fatalities occurred due to the COVID-19 disease outbreak, which profoundly affected the entire planet. This has also fanned fears of a forthcoming economic collapse and recession. This type of event is referred to as a "black swan" because it adds unexpected and unique aspects to the economic environment and has the potential to start a chain of unfavourable reactions and market disruptions. As a result of social isolation, self-isolation, and travel restrictions, there has been a drop in the labour force across all economic sectors, resulting in the loss of several jobs. In addition, due to the closing of schools, demand for commodities and manufactured goods has decreased. On the other hand, the need for medical supplies is expanding rapidly. Through the end of 2019, the five primary economic sectors generated money and employment. Early in 2020, however, these industries encountered a major economic and employment crisis due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The COVID-19 outbreak has greatly affected the economic and social conditions of the nation, particularly regarding these five core economic activities. This study's objective is to examine the effects of COVID-19 on the agriculture, manufacturing, construction, services, mining and quarrying sectors. To achieve this purpose, this study employed descriptive analysis to examine performance data encompassing 10 years (2012 - 2021). The findings indicate that the COVID-19 epidemic has a substantial and negative impact on the Malaysian economy.

Spatiotemporal Changes (1945–2020) in a Grazed Landscape of Northern Greece, in Relation to Socioeconomic Changes

The spatiotemporal changes of the grazed Greek landscapes in the last 75 years resemble those evidenced in most parts of the northern Mediterranean region, where woody vegetation encroached on open areas changing landscape structure and diversity. These landscape transitions are deeply influenced by demographic and socioeconomic changes that exacerbate the abandonment of traditional management practices including livestock farming and wood harvesting. The aim of this paper was to examine the spatiotemporal changes regarding land use/land cover (LULC) types in a typical grazed landscape of the Lagadas area in northern Greece in the period 1945–2020 and try to associate them with socioeconomic changes. Special attention was given to grassland evolution. Cartographic material in various forms, such as historic (LULC) data sets in shapefile format (1945, 1960 and 1993), recent land use maps (Corine Land Cover of 2018), and satellite images (Google Earth images from 2017 to 2020) was analyzed with Geographic Information Systems software and landscape metrics. Socioeconomic inventory data and grazing animal numbers were also collected and analyzed from diachronic census reports of Greek authorities. Spatiotemporal changes in the Lagadas landscape showed that grasslands, open shrublands and silvopastoral areas decreased during the examined period in favor of dense shrublands and forests, causing a significant reduction in landscape diversity and heterogeneity. Main demographic and socioeconomic drivers were the decrease of the local population, population aging and a significant reduction of employment in the primary economic sector over time. These changes were coupled with reductions in the number of grazing animals (sheep, goats, and cattle), firewood harvesting and charcoal production and were identified as the main reasons for landscape change. Grasslands have become increasingly fragmented and isolated over the years. Future sustainable livestock husbandry in the area is seriously threatened by the ongoing reduction of grasslands and open shrublands.

The magnitude, diversity, and distribution of the economic costs of invasive terrestrial invertebrates worldwide

Invasive alien species (IAS) are a major driver of global biodiversity loss, hampering conservation efforts and disrupting ecosystem functions and services. While accumulating evidence documented ecological impacts of IAS across major geographic regions, habitat types and taxonomic groups, appraisals for economic costs remained relatively sparse. This has hindered effective cost-benefit analyses that inform expenditure on management interventions to prevent, control, and eradicate IAS. Terrestrial invertebrates are a particularly pervasive and damaging group of invaders, with many species compromising primary economic sectors such as forestry, agriculture and health. The present study provides synthesised quantifications of economic costs caused by invasive terrestrial invertebrates on the global scale and across a range of descriptors, using the InvaCost database. Invasive terrestrial invertebrates cost the global economy US$ 712.44 billion over the investigated period (up to 2020), considering only high-reliability source reports. Overall, costs were not equally distributed geographically, with North America (73%) reporting the greatest costs, with far lower costs reported in Europe (7%), Oceania (6%), Africa (5%), Asia (3%), and South America (< 1%). These costs were mostly due to invasive insects (88%) and mostly resulted from direct resource damages and losses (75%), particularly in agriculture and forestry; relatively little (8%) was invested in management. A minority of monetary costs was directly observed (17%). Economic costs displayed an increasing trend with time, with an average annual cost of US$ 11.40 billion since 1960, but as much as US$ 165.01 billion in 2020, but reporting lags reduced costs in recent years. The massive global economic costs of invasive terrestrial invertebrates require urgent consideration and investment by policymakers and managers, in order to prevent and remediate the economic and ecological impacts of these and other IAS groups.

Strategies for the Mobilization and Deployment of Local Low-Value, Heterogeneous Biomass Resources for a Circular Bioeconomy

With the Bioeconomy Strategy, Europe aims to strengthen and boost biobased sectors. Therefore, investments in and markets of biobased value chains have to be unlocked and local bioeconomies across Europe have to be deployed. Compliance with environmental and social sustainability goals is on top of the agenda. The current biomass provision structures are unfit to take on the diversity of biomass residues and their respective supply chains and cannot ensure the sustainability of feedstock supply in an ecological, social and economical fashion. Therefore, we have to address the research question on feasible strategies for mobilizing and deploying local, low-value and heterogeneous biomass resources. We are building upon the work of the IEA Bioenergy Task40 scientists and their expertise on international bioenergy trade and the current provision of bioenergy and cluster mobilization measures into three assessment levels; the legislative framework, technological innovation and market creation. The challenges and opportunity of the three assessment levels point towards a common denominator: The quantification of the systemic value of strengthening the potentially last remaining primary economic sectors, forestry, agriculture and aquaculture, is missing. With the eroding importance of other primary economic sectors, including fossil fuel extraction and minerals mining, the time is now to assess and act upon the value of the supply-side of a circular bioeconomy. This value includes the support the Bioeconomy can provide to structurally vulnerable regions by creating meaningful jobs and activities in and strengthening the resource democratic significance of rural areas.

A Convolution Neural Network-Based Wheat Grain Classification System

In most developing countries, agriculture is the primary economic sector. Seed categorization and evaluation could provide detailed information for seed germination, seed quality management, and impurity detection. Many academics are working on a range of seed image analysis systems using several categorization algorithms. India is the world's second-largest wheat grower. The importance of detecting the wheat quality cannot be overstated. Manually determining wheat quality necessitates skilled knowledge and is time demanding. The healthy and poor wheat growth is a complete indication of biological changes as well as a detecting factor for quality and yield. Hence detection of quality of Wheat Seed can be achieved through advanced technologies like Image Processing, machine learning, deep learning etc, our proposed paper includes various phases of implementation namely image processing techniques, and Deep neural network. In our model there are four classes considered they are Good grain, Damaged Grain, Broken Grain and Foreign Particles. where a convolution system is used to classify the wheat seeds and detect status of 4 distinct classes.

Socio-economic aspects of the development of the tourism and hospitality industry in the Russian Federation

This trend has affected both tourist countries and countries where tourism is not the primary economic sector. This paper examines the socio-economic aspects of the development of the Russian Federation's tourism industry in recent years. The objective of the study is to evaluate the development of the tourism industry in Russia. For this purpose, the issues of methodology for collecting official statistical information in tourism are considered, statistical data on tourism development are analyzed, and key indicators of the Tourism Development Strategy in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035 are analyzed. The authors used general scientific research methods, namely, methods of reviewing the economic literature on the stated topic, analyzing statistical data characterizing the development of tourism in the Russian Federation in 2014–2018, and synthesizing the results obtained. The data source was indicators characterizing the development of the tourism and hospitality industries in Russia, the activities of collective accommodation facilities, and tourist companies. The study describes the social and economic aspects of the development of the tourism and hospitality industries in Russia for 2014–2018, identifies the necessary organizational and economic conditions to increase the volume of domestic tourism through administrative, fiscal, and social measures, proposes mechanisms to stimulate national tourism development to achieve the key indicators of tourism development until 2035.

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЗМІН У СЕКТОРАЛЬНІЙ СТРУКТУРІ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

Theoretical and practical aspects of structural changes in the economy are the subject of scientific research by a large number of both foreign and domestic scientists. The theory of three sectors became a new methodological approach to the analysis of the structure of the economy. The process of modeling changes in the sectoral structure of the economy makes it possible to create such conditions that would facilitate Ukraine’s transition to an innovative model of development. The article simulates changes in the sectoral structure of the economy on the basis of the Cobb-Douglas production function. It is emphasized that changes in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of Ukraine’s economy should ensure the formation of an innovative model of its development. The evolution of the interpretation of the concept of «Solow balance» is highlighted. It is substantiated that the «Solow balance» contains an innovative component, so it is advisable to take it into account in the process of modeling changes in the sectoral structure. The «Solow balance» is calculated on the basis of initial data on the value of fixed assets, the number of employed population and the amount of value added in terms of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the Ukrainian economy. The relationship between the level of the indicator in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy is considered. It has been proven that the primary sector of the economy is the starting point for sustainable economic growth, as it is the basis of the supply chain for the secondary sector, and also acts as an intermediate consumer of services in the tertiary sector. At the same time, changes in the «Solow balance» in one sector of the economy will provide a gradual change in the relevant indicators for other sectors not simultaneously, but over a period of time. Given that the «Solow balance» contains an innovative component, its increase involves the use of drivers of innovative development, which launch and intensify the processes of knowledge accumulation, innovation and their commercialization. Based on the developed model, it is substantiated that the increase of the «Solow balance» in the target sector is possible due to the increase in the share of intermediate consumption of services-drivers of innovative development.

Challenges for India’s Agriculture: Towards a New Green Revolution?

Agriculture continues to be one of the most significant sectors of India&amp;apos;s economy today. The country is successfully performing in a wide range of primary sector fields, gradually increasing its export potential. However, the first green revolution caused significant damage to the country&amp;apos;s resources, as a result of which, in the post-bipolar period, the state began to take actions aimed at changing the established practices of the last century. However, the second revolution, which began in the 1990s, did not solve all the difficulties. In this regard, the author&amp;apos;s goal is to analyze the existing key problems of the primary sector and consider possible answers to them in the field of innovative technologies. The author comes to the conclusion that it is the digitalization of agricultural activities that could qualitatively increase the level of income of the population and the efficiency of the primary sector both in the domestic and foreign markets. At the same time, the introduction of new technologies is impossible without changing the institutional environment and work on socio-cultural factors that have a substantial negative impact not only on India&amp;apos;s agriculture, but on all socio-economic processes in general, and therefore New Delhi will need to take comprehensive measures on a large scale rather than limit oneself to the primary economic sector. The Indian government has to carry out a comprehensive reform of its economy, otherwise there is a great threat of undermining social stability. The gradual introduction of innovative solutions and digitalization of agriculture will have a relatively quick, visible, but at the same time sustainable effect.

Ecological Analysis of Gastroschisis Incidence Decline in Liaoning, China, 2006-2016

Background: A gastroschisis incidence decline has recently been reported in Liaoning, China, from 2006-2015; we suspect that this decline could be associated with the fall in industrial manufacturing activities. Methods: The outcome variable, gastroschisis incidence, was from a previous publication. The industrial manufacturing activities were measured by relative job participation and production in the primary and secondary economic sectors, and the corresponding data were collected in 14 cities from 2005 to 2015. The general linear model and a random-effect Poisson regression model were performed to assess the association and time-series trend of gastroschisis with the manufacturing activities. Results: The relative job participation in the first economic sector was marginally associated with gastroschisis incidence in 2006 (p=0.070), but more significantly associated (Beta=-0.040; p=0.014) in the cross-sectional and time-series analysis with one-year lag in the outcome variable. Conclusion: The gastroschisis incidence decline in Liaoning is likely due to the reduced job participation in manufacturing and heavy industry, which might be an indication of reduced risk exposure associated with the industrial manufacturing activities.

As indústrias têxteis da Bahia: o ontem e o hoje

Sendo de grande importância para o âmbito econômico-social, as indústrias fazem parte das discussões referenciadas ao desenvolvimento de um país ou região. As indústrias têxteis foram as primeiras a enquadrar-se no setor econômico primário, no Brasil. Especificamente na Bahia, essas fábricas tiveram papel importante no desenvolvimento do estado, de forma a destacar-se das demais. Porém, houve muitas ocasiões de altos e baixos do poder industrial baiano. O objetivo desse trabalho é realizar um estudo exploratório das primeiras indústrias do ramo têxtil na Bahia instaladas no final do século XIX, como exemplo notório a Fábrica Todos os Santos, ainda em atividade, contextualizar como se deu o crescimento dessa indústria, assim como quais os principais aspectos do crescimento econômico dos séculos XIX e XX. A realização da pesquisa foi conduzida com metodologia por meio de análises que têm como base levantamento de referencial teórico de autores de referência em desenvolvimento regional, revolução industrial e suas mais diversas indústrias de beneficiamento, de forma a reunir conhecimento sobre o tema e mostrar como a industrialização na Bahia influenciou no desenvolvimento do estado. Sendo os resultados caracterizados por meio de dados extraídos de pesquisa utilizando como fonte o banco de dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, com objetivo levantar informações sobre a indústria têxtil na Bahia no período de 1985 a 2018 , e sendo concluindo ao demonstrar os estudos e esforços despendidos para conhecimento do assunto relacionando os cenários passados frente ao cenário atual