Transport Pricing Research Articles

Development of Fishery Marketplace Applications Using Prototype Methods

Fish farming is an activity of raising fish or developing fish in a controlled environment. However, if you look at the statistical data, the fish consumption level of Kendal Regency residents is still low, namely 24 kg/cap/year, far below the national fish consumption rate. From the existing problems, fish cultivators, especially those in the border areas of Kendal Regency, mostly sell their fish production outside the area. As a result, the selling price is lower because it is deducted from the transport price. Another problem occurs for cultivators who are just starting a business. Usually they have sufficient capital to build a business, but they do not yet have acquaintances with fish traders who are willing to buy their crops. So they often use social media facilities to offer their crops. Based on the existing problems, it is possible to help solve problems by utilizing information technology. Utilization of a technology in selling fish can help farmers so that sales are more focused and produce good sales, so an application is made that is expected to help overcome existing problems, researchers use the prototype method to find out user needs

Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan Sepeda Motor di Kota-Kota Besar Jawa Barat

The development of transport has affected economic transactions. The existence of adequate transportation facilities has supported economic mobility. But in reality not all public transport is reachable to the public. More affordable means of transportation are more in demand by the public. Especially in Indonesia, motorcycles are still a popular transportation that is in demand. This study aims to examine various factors that can affect the demand for motorcycles in major cities, West Java. Researchers observed the coverage area in the big cities of West Java, namely the cities of Bogor, Bandung, and Cirebon. This research uses quantitative research with secondary data sources. The demand for motorcycles as a dependent variable, then the number of population, the price of motorcycles, the interest rate and per capita income as independent variables. The results of this study show that the variables of population number and per capita income have a positive and significant influence on the demand for two-wheeled transportation. Meanwhile, the variable price of two-wheeled transportation and interest rates have a negative and significant influence on the demand for two-wheeled transportation

Comparison of Operational Costs for Fixed-Route Bus Service and Demand Responsive Transport Systems. The Case of Kosice Region - Slovakia

The issue of sustainability of public transport is constantly receiving attention from both government and research. One possible solution, demand responsive transport (DRT), can increase accessibility in rural areas, improve the quality of service as well as reduce the costs. This paper estimates the operational costs for different types of vehicles in DRT in person-kilometers and compares it to the current costs of standard bus transport for year 2021 and analyses the capacity, occupancy and ticket prices of fixed-route bus transport. As the results indicate, in many cases the costs of DRT are higher compared to standard bus transport, but by increasing the occupancy of vehicles the DRT can provide savings up to 66 %. The use of cars, as well as car-sharing, show higher costs, which is mainly related to a low transport capacity. As the most appropriate vehicles of DRT have been identified micro buses and minibuses.

Research and Application of intelligent purchasing and transportation model for coal-fired power plant

At present, the decision-making method of coal purchase in most coal-fired power stations is based on the experience of blending coal and burning in thermal power units, but this method does not consider the factors of economy and transportation. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a method to optimize the coal purchasing scheme of coal-fired power plants based on the joint optimization decision model of coal purchasing and dispatching. First fuel characteristics of mixed coal and purchasing cost model was constructed to determine the fountainhead procurement constraints, and mixing coal prices, then dispatching model was constructed to determine the scheduling constraints and transport price, the final will buy coal cost and transportation cost summation minimum and the nature of the mixed coal constraints as a joint decision model, and USES the particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve it. The decision model is applied to a power plant for verification, and the calculation results show that the total purchasing cost of power plant is greatly reduced.

Protecting Occupational Health and Safety in Construction Companies in the Czech Republic

Currently it is the third year when the global COVID-19 pandemic is having a negative impact on the lives of individuals, on the activities of economic entities of all sizes and on the economies of countries around the world. Following the partial calming in this area, a crisis linked to the war in Ukraine hit Europe in early 2022. This has a negative impact on economic production and the associated decline in the standard of living. The prices of materials, products and transport are rising, causing a sharp increase in construction prices in the construction sector. Protecting the occupational health of workers and providing a safe environment for their work form an essential part of all construction projects. This article deals with the research into occupational health and safety on construction sites in the Czech Republic. The research described in this article was conducted in several successive steps. In the first step, a research design was drawn up, in the second step data collection was carried out, and in the third step data analysis and compilation of results were carried out. Qualitative approaches to data collection and analysis, namely in-depth interviews and the coding method, were used in the companies under research. Open-ended questions relating to respondents' opinions, experience and overall perceptions of the issues were developed in the preparatory phase of the research. The aim was to obtain credible answers to the questions raised. The research lasted for six months and involved 19 medium and large companies from the Czech Republic. The purpose of the research described in this article was to find out the situation focusing on providing the health and safety of workers during the implementation of construction. The costs of implementing the necessary measures in this field were also investigated.

Повоєнне відновлення регіонів: оцінка та перспективи

The article analyzes the peculiarities of determining the losses incurred by the State since the beginning of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine. The main directions in which the most severe damages of infrastructure and housing have been suffered are identified. A regional review of the destruction of infrastructure facilities was conducted, allocating the extent of damages. The degree of damages and destruction in various spheres of life of society is examined. The peculiarities of the destruction assessment in the post-war period are singled out. Priority areas for the post-war recovery of the State are defined. It is noted that the restoration of damaged production or the rebuilding of new production facilities should be based on the principles of Industry 4.0, taking into account digitalization and sustainable development of the regions. The state of migration flows is analyzed, with the regional distribution of internally displaced persons highlighted. The main problems that arise in regions with a large number of internally displaced persons are singled out, the solution of which should be based on the recovery of infrastructure for the return of the population to the regions of permanent residence. It is pointed out that during the wartime it was necessary to change sea routes for the transportation of agricultural products and other goods, which led to an increase in the price of such transportation due to changes in the terms of quotas, contracts, transportation volumes and risks. The author substantiates the emerging need to transport goods through European countries by road and rail, which leads to an increase in the load on the roads of the western regions of the country. It is determined that during the period of military aggression, in order to support Ukraine, European countries took a number of measures to simplify logistics transportation from the territory of our State through bilateral cooperation in the formation of convenient logistics corridors and solving technical and organizational issues. It is concluded that, in general, the recovery of the State should be based on a long-term perspective of sustainable development and integration into the European space, which should be reflected in all spheres of the life of society.

Sustainable development of transport systems and development of economic cooperation between countries

Sustainable transport is offered on the basis of sustainable development and is an important part of sustainable development. For all countries, transport is an important resource-intensive sector of socio-economic life. Russia and Kazakhstan pay special attention to the development of joint transport and logistics infrastructure and the removal of restrictions that hinder trade and investment exchanges. This is especially important for the economic development of the two countries.Kazakhstan and Russia have signed a memorandum of understanding on the coordination of prices for railway transportation and an agreement on cargo handling in terminals between the railway company of Kazakhstan and the joint stock company «Russian Railways».

The perspective for the research of local transport problems in the EU Member States

The constant evolution of public transportation in European Union Member States requires a deep understanding of the needs, preferences and dynamics of the carpool. In this context, the analysis of the transport market is becoming increasingly important. Such surveys not only reflect the pulse of current mobility developments, but also provide insights into the interactions between innovation usage, customer satisfaction and pricing in public transportation. In the course of such study, qualitative and quantitative research methods can be combined in order to draw a comprehensive picture of market realities. The analysis follows the economic principle of supply and demand and aims not only to address current challenges, but also to develop future-oriented strategies for efficient and customer-oriented local public transport. The author proposes in this research note the persprctive for studying local transport problems in the EU Member States.

Understanding mobility inequality through the lens of economic welfare: The difference in willingness-to-pay and actual fare matters

Existing studies investigate mobility inequality from the perspectives of accessibility and non-economic welfare. This paper proposes to analyze mobility inequality through the lens of economic welfare, which reflects the difference of passengers' willingness-to-pay and the actual fare. Based on the theory of welfare economics, this paper first defines the concept and specifies the formula of economic welfare with regards to mobility inequality. Then, economic welfare is calculated regarding the elderly's bus fare in Beijing and econometric models are estimated to examine how mobility inequality is socially and spatially distributed. Results show that those with low income and living in the low-unit-house-price communities in the city center are the marginalized group. The benefits of introducing economic welfare to mobility inequality studies include (1) it can improve the objectivity in assessing travelers' feelings and identifying marginalized groups; (2) the concept of economic welfare can directly correspond to the “sense of gain” policy initiative in China; (3) the perspective of economic welfare can inform transportation pricing policies to mitigate inequality issues. To conclude, this paper contributes to the existing literature by a new perspective of economic welfare that enriches the current dialogue of mobility inequality among the geographical, transportation, sociological and psychological researchers. • Economic welfare is introduced to measure mobility inequality. • Economic welfare can echo Chinese sense of gain initiative. • Young elderly's bus fare increases would incur inequality. • City planners in Beijing are suggested to propose fare increase policies based on income to promote social inclusion. • More routes around the low-unit-house-price communities may be planned and suburban-city express routes may charge a premium.

Can Food Inflation Be Stabilized By Monetary Policy? A Quantile Regression Approach

Theoretically, a consistent and well-defined monetary policy can stabilize food inflation. However, empirical findings have reported both positive and negative effects of monetary policy measures on food inflation. In the literature, several analytical techniques are used to grasp the impact of monetary policy tools on food inflation in developed and developing nations. Usually, VAR and ARDL approaches are employed to fulfill this task. However, these techniques do not capture the tail dynamics of food inflation. In countries like Pakistan, where food expenditures are a major chunk of the consumption basket and half of the population is either poor or on the verge of poverty, tackling food inflation has always been a major task for policymakers. To capture the effect of monetary policy on various quantiles of food inflation, we have employed the quantile regression approach in this study. We have used the time series data based on monthly observations from September 2005 to October 2020 of food inflation, monetary policy, and several other variables. We have found that monetary policy and transportation prices remain highly significant across all quantiles, exhibiting a positive impact on food inflation. Thus restrictive monetary policy leads to higher flood inflation in the country. In the case of Pakistan, governments usually provide subsidies to lower the impact of food inflation. It is suggested that a restrictive monetary policy is usually not required when a subsidies-focused fiscal policy is implemented.

Ecuador

Economic recovery is ongoing. Real GDP is expected to expand by 2.7 percent in 2022, slightly lower than expected in the last review due to the protests-related disruptions in June and slower growth in trading partners. Inflationary pressures have risen, driven by higher food and transport prices and non-tradeable services, with the headline inflation expected to reach 3.8 percent yoy at end-2022. Tighter financing conditions for all EMs, and an increasingly challenging domestic political environment sharply increased spreads and postponed international market access. The government remains committed to the Fund-supported program under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) of SDR 4,615 million (661 percent of quota, about $6.5 billion) that was approved by the IMF Executive Board on September 30, 2020. Upon completion of the Sixth and final Review under the EFF-supported program—the first IMF program Ecuador will have completed in more than two decades— an additional SDR 497 million (about $700 million) would be made available.

Joint investment on resilience of cross-country transport infrastructure

• We examine the joint resilience investment on the cross-country transport infrastructure. • The first-best outcomes can be achieved if the resilience investment is verifiable. • The non-verifiability leads to a downward distortion on investment under higher disruption. • The first-best outcomes can still be achieved under non-verifiability if the disruption is low. Unlike the domestic transport infrastructure, the cross-country ones are subject to more diverse and unconventional disruption risks due to the unstable geopolitical conditions, terrorist attacks, and complex landscape and extreme weather events, thus calling for resilience-related investments from different countries. However, such resilience investment made by one country to deal with such unconventional disruption risk is very hard to be verified by other countries (i.e., non-verifiability). This paper establishes an integrated economic model to analytically examine countries’ joint resilience investments on the cross-country transport infrastructure in presence of non-verifiability. Specifically, there is one “investing country” who constructed the infrastructure which is also used by a “host country”. Our analytical results suggest that the first-best investment and market outcomes for the global welfare maximization can be achieved if the resilience investment is verifiable. The non-verifiability is, however, found to cause a downward distortion in the resilience investment and an upward distortion in transport price when the probability of the disruption is higher such that the resilience investment only partially covers the potential loss. On the contrary, when the probability of disruption is low so that the resilience investment can lead to the full loss coverage, the first-best outcomes can still be achieved without any distortion. Our analytical model is also extended to account for the intermodal competition. Although our main conclusions still qualitatively hold, the intermodal competition is found to have uncertain effects on the market outcomes, depending on the interaction between the resilience investment cost and the degree of the intermodal competition.

Evaluation of alternative mobility scenarios in the post-COVID-19 period with the use of Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis (MAMCA)

The emergence, spread, and outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, first in the Wuhan city of China but later in the rest of the world, has affected the lives of people all over the world. This inevitable influence has not left the transportation sector unaffected. Therefore, there is a need to examine whether the choices of citizens have been influenced in terms of their mobility. The choice of the optimal solution for each citizen depends on many factors, such as the price of transportation fuel, the safety of going to work, the availability of public transport, the possibility of risk of infection, etc. The mobility choices of the citizens in the pre-COVID-19 era in comparison with the post-COVID-19 era have changed due to the increased vigilance of the citizens. In addition to citizens, other stakeholders are infectious disease experts/epidemiologists, transportation engineers, etc. This is, therefore, a problem that is offered for analysis using Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis (MAMCA). This research investigates the mobility choices of people in the post-COVID-19 era using the different stakeholder groups and the MAMCA methodology. Useful results arise concerning the influencing factors of the mobility choices of different stakeholder groups in the post-COVID-19 era.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПОСЛУГ

The article is devoted to the study of the pricing of international bus transportation based on the value of the service for consumers. The object of research is the value of passenger road transport services. The purpose of the work is to study the factors that determine the value of international road transportation services from the point of view of their influence on the pricing of international bus transportation. Research method - methods of survey, synthesis and analysis, expert assessment. Pricing based on the value of the service will help to ensure the success of transport companies in the long term. In the conditions of martial law, the demand for international transportation is increasing, the price is also increasing, but the discrepancy between the quality and price of transport services remains, which leads to dissatisfaction of passengers with the services of most carrier companies. The survey of passengers of international bus routes made it possible to determine a number of factors that determine the consumer value of international bus transportation for Ukrainians. With the help of an expert assessment, it was determined that the most significant factors from the point of view of the value of international transportation are the condition of vehicles, comfort and professionalism and courtesy of drivers. Consistency of experts' opinions is confirmed by the coefficient of concordance and rank correlation. In the future, the results of the research can be used by motor transport companies when developing a pricing strategy for international bus transportation. Prognostic assumptions regarding the development of the object of research - the development of a pricing strategy based on the expectations of passengers of international bus routes.

Environmental status of the Danube commercial navigation: Serbia and the Danube border countries

The Danube navigation is geographically limited and subject to the effects of environmental change. On the other hand, the Danube commercial navigation is the point source of pollution with emissions of the Danube vessels and harbours, directly polluting the environment. The focus of this paper is the annual evaluation and calculation of air polluting emissions from fossil fuel consumption from the following types of the Danube fleet: push boats, pull boats, freight motor vessels and cruise passenger ships. Emissions from the Danube transport vessels are estimated by EMEP/EEA (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European Environment Agency) air pollutant emission inventory guidebook within Serbian-Croatian, Serbian and Serbian-Romanian sections of the Danube fairway on an average level. Emissions costs for all types of the Danube fleet (euro per vessel-kilometre) are estimated by the Practical guideline for realistic transport pricing depending on the population density close to the waterway: rural or urban area.

Endogenous transport costs and international trade

AbstractIn this paper, we model a manufacturing and a transport sector and use export volumes to determine the demand for transport services. If trade exceeds a particular level, transport service suppliers maximise profit by investing in an advanced transport technology, which lowers their marginal costs and reduces equilibrium transport prices. Transport costs thus vary according to two characteristics: the distance between two locations and the endogenous firm decision to invest in transportation. A simulation exercise reveals that ignoring the effect of the investment decision on transport costs biases empirical results. We apply this insight in our empirical estimations which rely on repeatedly collected transport price data from the United Parcel Service. We use an instrumental variable estimator to account for the endogeneity of the investment decision. Our estimation results confirm that transport prices are influenced by both the distance and the level of exports between two countries. We find that trading partners with 10% more exports enjoy on average 0.6% lower transport prices.

Dynamic Changes in Port Logistics Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study addresses the highly topical issue of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on port logistics. The impacts are reflected in all three pillars of sustainable operations and development that port logistics should pursue. The economic impact is strong and is reflected in the extremely high transport prices, the accessibility of transport, the lengthening of the supply chain, and the reduced liquidity of companies. The social aspect is very important regarding working conditions and workers’ roles in ports and logistics service providers (LSPs). The dynamic changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic also have an impact on the environmental aspect. As supply chains are vulnerable, more attention is paid to the components of time, price, and reliability than greener transportation. This study highlights changes in port logistics due to the COVID-19 pandemic in logistics companies in the northern Adriatic region and covers a specific gap in the understanding of the sustainable adaptations of LSPs in their operations within port logistics. The results enrich the scientific field regarding LSPs to work processes, the digitalization of business processes, and the organization of logistics chains. The results can be used to develop new sustainable business models for port logistics and port governance, as some researchers have already called for because port logistics too often pursue the economic goals of the fastest and cheapest logistics process. At the same time, social and environmental aspects are somewhat neglected. The changes are particularly pronounced in critical situations, such as those typical of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted as part of the project about green port development with external research funding.

ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ РЕСУРСІВ АЕРОПОРТУ ДЛЯ НАЗЕМНОГО ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ ПОВІТРЯНИХ СУДЕН В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ

Introduction. The changes that are taking place in Ukraine due to the influence of both global and regional factors lead to the fact that airports needs to review the concepts of managing the company’s activities and look for new strategies for functioning on the market. This article examines the main causes of flight delays that affect the operation of airport services and thus cause uncertainty. The activity of domestic airports is analyzed. The problem of operational planning and management of ground handling of aircraft at the airport is considered. Criteria for the effectiveness of ground handling of aircraft at the airport have been determined. Problems statement. Aviation transport in Ukraine is one of the main transport elements of the transport and logistics system of the country and the world. But it is also the most expensive mode of transport, which greatly affects the price of transportation. Transportation costs exceed 50%, and their reduction is the main goal of the transportation process. Therefore, for this, it is necessary to optimize the distribution of material and technical resources during the ground handling of aircraft at the airport. That is, regardless of flight delays, readiness to service the aircraft must be ensured by all airport services regardless of deviations from the daily flight schedule. Purpose. Analysis of the feasibility of optimizing material and technical resources during ground maintenance of aircraft, in order to increase the efficiency of the airport. The object of the study is the largest international airport «Boryspil», which, according to information from analysts, will have an even greater load after the war. The subject of the study is ground handling of aircraft at the airport. Materials and methods. Statistical analysis of ukrainian airports. Analysis of information sources regarding airline flight delays. Mathematical method of process research. Results. After studying the statistical data of ukrainian airports, it was concluded that due to the successful geographical location, the flows through them will increase. The main goal of Ukraine’s transport strategy is to integrate Ukraine’s transport complex into the global transport network, which also includes air transport. Therefore, in order to stay afloat and be competitive, it is necessary to introduce and improve the provision of services. Conclusions. Clearly organized ground handling of aircraft at the airport allows to optimize the use of material and technical resources, increase the number of serviced flights and affects the effective operation of the airport, its capacity.

Factors Affecting Evaluation of Railway Bulk Freight Rate: A Novel Cloud Theory-Based Approach

Railway freight rates are seen as a key driving factor of global trade activities, influenced by numerous factors. Given the limitations of fuzziness and randomness of variable quantification in the previous studies, this paper proposes a cognitive cloud model of factors influencing railway bulk goods freight rates. In the cognitive cloud model, randomness and fuzziness are described by three parameters. Furthermore, a cloud generator including forwarding and backward cloud generators is designed to solve the bidirectional conversion between qualitative indicators and quantitative values. In addition, we propose a floating cloud gathering algorithm to determine the weight of the index system to solve the uncertainty problem in the transformation process of qualitative indicators. Finally, the cognitive cloud model and the adapted algorithm are used to perform an in-depth analysis of the affecting factors of Z Railway Bureau freight transport pricing.

Captive Market Pricing and Lack of Transportation: A Survey of Undergraduate Food Insecurity at a Public University in New England.

The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of food insecurity among college students and its relationship to on-campus food purchasing patterns and barriers to eating a healthy and sufficient diet, including the relative cost of food items on campus compared to national chain grocery stores. A campus-wide survey using stratified sampling among undergraduates and food audit. An urban public university in New England. A total of 951 surveys completed by undergraduates. Demographic characteristics, behavioral factors and food security status (measured using the USDA 6-item short form) were collected. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted to describe differences between food insecure and food secure undergraduates. Overall, 35% of undergraduates experienced food insecurity in the past year (response rate = 92%). Food insecure undergraduates had different on-campus purchasing patterns than their food secure counterparts. Food insecure students were more likely to report barriers to healthy eating on all measures, including prices (AOR= 8.12, P < .0001), to experience housing insecurity (AOR= 2.64, P = .001) and to report that transportation is a barrier to buying groceries (AOR= 1.63, P = .01). After multivariable adjustment, food insecure undergraduates had higher odds of being African American (AOR= 1.57, P = .031) or other races (more than 1 race) (AOR= 3.35, P = .002) compared to white undergraduates. Food insecure college students face a variety of barriers to healthy eating on campus, including high food pricing on campus and limited transportation options. Further research is needed to inform campus resource development, policies and programming focused on food insecurity prevention for college students.