Prices For Health Care Services Research Articles

Evaluation of Healthcare Operations Management using TOPSIS Method

The daily activities of the facility that have an effect on consumer satisfaction and organizational goals are referred to as healthcare operations management. The goal of healthcare program management is to raise money to keep service levels and standards at a reasonable level. Planning, coordinating, and controlling a healthcare system's activities are all parts of operations management in hospitals. It comprises both clinical and quasi-function management. Follow the operating budget, financial goals, and performance standards with economy and efficiency. Develop policies and processes that support high-quality healthcare by working together with hospital management, clinical teams, and the neighborhood. directing a group of medical specialists. financial responsibilities such as managing the revenue cycle, procuring medical supplies, and tracking patient billing, claims, and reimbursements. administer the policies and procedures of the medical facility, make sure that best practices are implemented, and deal with instances of facility non-compliance. Understanding and observing current healthcare rules and regulations requires analytical skills. Encourages employees to give their best effort to patient care. Employing, training, and delegating work to the proper employees while coming up with innovative solutions to staff members and patient issues are all examples of managerial skills. More and more complicated operations were carried out by licensed surgeons. The average functional workload rises sharply with age, peaks between the ages of 40 and 44, and then drops linearly after that. Following medical school graduation, it takes a surgeon 18 years to work as much as they can. a facility created, staffed, and outfitted for the diagnostic of illness, the medical and surgical care of the ill and injured, and their housing while undergoing these procedures. A contemporary hospital frequently doubles as a training and research facility. Outlining the steps necessary to accomplish specified objectives is the process of strategic planning in healthcare systems. All strategies have the same objective, which is to bring an organization's activities into line with its declared goal or values, despite the fact that there are several strategy kinds and degrees. Hospitals, medical equipment, diagnostic testing, telemedicine, medical tourism, outsourcing, and health insurance are all part of the healthcare industry. Due to its development, rising spending on services, and governmental and private organizations, the Indian healthcare industry is expanding quickly. assisting many departments in cooperating to accomplish the hospital's objectives. Control hiring, training, and quality control procedures for patient care. involvement in setting the budget and calculating the price of healthcare services. The first group consists of regular patients who see their doctor each month. People must continue using the healthcare system since they have a chronic sickness of some kind. "Healthy" patients fall into the second category. Providing products and services that are used to practice medicine through prophylactic, prophylaxis, rehabilitative, and palliative care is the function of the healthcare industry, commonly referred to as the healthcare industry or the health economy. The Indian government is very important in the health industry. India happens to be among the world's most populated nations, and its people need access to high-quality healthcare. The Indian government contributes significantly to funding healthcare projects and enhancing the availability and standard of services. Health care may operate in a systematic manner thanks to hospital administration, which makes it easier to supply diverse services quickly and easily. It enables better financial control for major hospitals that provide a wide variety of services by managing cash flow, making smarter investments, and regulating costs. Successful health service leaders never stop stressing how important it is to provide safe, excellent treatment that is compassionate. They make sure that customers' voices are regularly heard at all levels, and they continuously monitor patient experiences, worries, wants, and comments (both positive and negative). TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) analysis using Knowledge areas, Procedures, Medical conditions, Patient groups, Planning horizons, Levels of difficulty Alternative value, and New Karolinska, Sabbatsberg, Dander yd hospital Evaluation Parameters in value. Knowledge areas, Procedures, Medical conditions, Patient groups, Planning horizons, and Levels of difficulty. New Karolinska, Sabbatsberg, Dander yd hospital. Patient groups got the first rank whereas Medical conditions had the lowest rank.

Evaluation of Healthcare Operations Management using TOPSIS Method

The daily activities of the facility that have an effect on consumer satisfaction and organizational goals are referred to as healthcare operations management. The goal of healthcare program management is to raise money to keep service levels and standards at a reasonable level. Planning, coordinating, and controlling a healthcare system's activities are all parts of operations management in hospitals. It comprises both clinical and quasi-function management. Follow the operating budget, financial goals, and performance standards with economy and efficiency. Develop policies and processes that support high-quality healthcare by working together with hospital management, clinical teams, and the neighborhood. directing a group of medical specialists. financial responsibilities such as managing the revenue cycle, procuring medical supplies, and tracking patient billing, claims, and reimbursements. administer the policies and procedures of the medical facility, make sure that best practices are implemented, and deal with instances of facility non-compliance. Understanding and observing current healthcare rules and regulations requires analytical skills. Encourages employees to give their best effort to patient care. Employing, training, and delegating work to the proper employees while coming up with innovative solutions to staff members and patient issues are all examples of managerial skills. More and more complicated operations were carried out by licensed surgeons. The average functional workload rises sharply with age, peaks between the ages of 40 and 44, and then drops linearly after that. Following medical school graduation, it takes a surgeon 18 years to work as much as they can. a facility created, staffed, and outfitted for the diagnostic of illness, the medical and surgical care of the ill and injured, and their housing while undergoing these procedures. A contemporary hospital frequently doubles as a training and research facility. Outlining the steps necessary to accomplish specified objectives is the process of strategic planning in healthcare systems. All strategies have the same objective, which is to bring an organization's activities into line with its declared goal or values, despite the fact that there are several strategy kinds and degrees. Hospitals, medical equipment, diagnostic testing, telemedicine, medical tourism, outsourcing, and health insurance are all part of the healthcare industry. Due to its development, rising spending on services, and governmental and private organizations, the Indian healthcare industry is expanding quickly. assisting many departments in cooperating to accomplish the hospital's objectives. Control hiring, training, and quality control procedures for patient care. involvement in setting the budget and calculating the price of healthcare services. The first group consists of regular patients who see their doctor each month. People must continue using the healthcare system since they have a chronic sickness of some kind. "Healthy" patients fall into the second category. Providing products and services that are used to practice medicine through prophylactic, prophylaxis, rehabilitative, and palliative care is the function of the healthcare industry, commonly referred to as the healthcare industry or the health economy. The Indian government is very important in the health industry. India happens to be among the world's most populated nations, and its people need access to high-quality healthcare. The Indian government contributes significantly to funding healthcare projects and enhancing the availability and standard of services. Health care may operate in a systematic manner thanks to hospital administration, which makes it easier to supply diverse services quickly and easily. It enables better financial control for major hospitals that provide a wide variety of services by managing cash flow, making smarter investments, and regulating costs. Successful health service leaders never stop stressing how important it is to provide safe, excellent treatment that is compassionate. They make sure that customers' voices are regularly heard at all levels, and they continuously monitor patient experiences, worries, wants, and comments (both positive and negative). TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) analysis using Knowledge areas, Procedures, Medical conditions, Patient groups, Planning horizons, Levels of difficulty Alternative value, and New Karolinska, Sabbatsberg, Dander yd hospital Evaluation Parameters in value. Knowledge areas, Procedures, Medical conditions, Patient groups, Planning horizons, and Levels of difficulty. New Karolinska, Sabbatsberg, Dander yd hospital. Patient groups got the first rank whereas Medical conditions had the lowest rank.

REPORTED PRICES FOR HIGH VOLUME HAND SURGERY IN THE ERA OF PRICE TRANSPARENCY: IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE POLICY ITERATIONS.

In 2021, the United States enacted a law requiring hospitals to report prices for healthcare services. Across several healthcare services, poor compliance and wide variation in pricing was found. This study aims to investigate variation in reporting and listed prices by hospital features for high-volume hand surgeries including Carpal Tunnel release, Trigger Finger Release, De Quervain Tenosynovitis Release, and Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty. The Turquoise Health price transparency database was used to obtain listed prices and linked to hospital characteristics from the 2021 Annual American Hospital Association Survey. This study used descriptive statistics and generalized linear regression. The analytic cohort included 2,652 hospitals from across the US. The highest rate of price reporting was in the Midwest (52%, n=836) and lowest in the South (39%, n=925). Compared to commercial insurers, ($3,609, 95% CI: $3,414 to $3,805) public insurance rates were significantly lower (Medicare: $1,588, 95% CI: $1,484 to $1,693, adjusted difference = -$2,021, p<0.001, Medicaid: $1,403, (95% CI: $1,194 to $1,612, adjusted difference = -$2,206, p<0.001). Listed rates for self-pay patients were not statistically different from commercial rates. Although pricing for high volume elective hand surgeries is frequently reported, a high proportion of hospitals do not report prices. These data highlight the need for future transparency policy to include pricing for high-volume hand surgery to give patients the ability to make financially informed choices. These results are a valuable aid for surgeons and patients to promote financially conscious decisions.

Optimal pricing and patient satisfaction optimization for healthcare providers

The importance of health systems for societies makes it necessary to examine them from a scientific perspective and improve healthcare. Healthcare service prices determine patients' decisions, so setting them correctly is crucial to creating balance in the system. In this research, we propose a bi-level model that includes private providers and the government to suggest optimal prices for healthcare services. The pricing method is suggested based on service quality and patient waiting time, and patients are categorized in two ways: 1) by the severity of their disease and the urgency of their condition, and 2) by their income and sensitivity to service prices. We aim to maximize service providers' profit at an optimal price while maximizing patient satisfaction. To achieve maximum patient utility, the government proposes contracts that increase overall societal utility. This research proposes and compares four cases: non-contract, cost-sharing contract, subsidy contract, and differentiated subsidy contract. Based on Stackelberg's game theory, we consider the government the leader and the private service provider the follower. Numerical results of the research show that the cost-sharing contract allocates support to all patients in society, but it does not achieve significant utility for the whole society, despite covering more patients. The subsidy contract allocates a more significant amount of subsidy to fewer patients and covers only those with an urgent condition. Differentiated subsidy contracts allocate subsidies according to price-sensitive groups, resulting in better use of budget expenditures. The managerial insight of this research, leads managers to consider contracts.

Health Care Service Price Comparison Suggests That Employers Lack Leverage To Negotiate Lower Prices.

Almost two-thirds of the 153million nonelderly people in the United States who have health insurance through their employer are in self-insured plans. In contrast to fully insured plans, employers using self-insured plans assume responsibility for employees' medical costs and therefore have an incentive to reduce the prices of health care services. We compared prices for common services in self-insured plans with those in fully insured plans. Using the Health Care Cost Institute's data set of claims for one-third of the US population with employer-sponsored insurance, we found that unadjusted prices were higher in self-insured plans for most of the services we studied, with the largest differences found for endoscopies (approximately 8percent higher in self-insured plans), colonoscopies (approximately 7percent), laboratory tests (approximately 5percent), and moderate-severity emergency department visits (4percent). When patient characteristics, plan type, and geography were adjusted for, differences were generally smaller but were consistent with these findings. Higher prices in self-insured plans suggest that there may be opportunities for employers to lower prices and for policy makers to act where employers have limited leverage to negotiate with providers.

Determinants of Demand for Health Care Services by Rural Households

The study looked into the factors that influence rural families in the Akinyele Local Government's need for health care services. Two hundred (200) questionnaires were employed to collect certain important and pertinent data. Regression analysis, percentages, and frequency distribution statistics are some of the techniques employed. This frequency and the percentage allow us to understand how the respondents feel about the queries posed and answers provided. The regression analysis was utilized to determine the variables' sign and size as well as their significance. The regression analysis shows that price of healthcare service, the cost of drug, educational qualification and the distance to health centres are statistically significant in determining the demand for health care services among the people in Akinyele local government area while income, age and gender are statistically insignificant. As price of healthcare services, cost of drugs and distance to health centres are significant at 5% level of significance, education qualification is significant at 10% level of significance.

Catastrophic Healthcare Expenditures and Household Poverty in Kenya: The Case of Cancer

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in many countries. Thus, the study sought to examine the relationship between catastrophic healthcare expenditures and household poverty in Kenya with a case of cancer. The study used a secondary dataset from the Kenya Household Health Expenditure and Utilization Survey (KHHEUS) 2018. The sample size was 37500. The study findings established that the direct and indirect costs of cancer treatment in Kenya are financially catastrophic for many households. The costs of cancer treatment, including medications and medical procedures, can be financially catastrophic for households in Kenya. Cancer is a leading cause of mortality and the disease likely has a significant effect on household poverty. Household level of education, Gender and locality is negatively related to household poverty while the household size is positively related to household poverty. Some geographic areas may have higher rates of poverty due to a variety of factors such as lack of job opportunities, limited access to education and healthcare, and other structural issues. The study recommended the government enhance the implementation of a universal healthcare coverage program and the expansion of healthcare facilities in underserved areas. There is a need to increase funding for cancer research. Additionally, there is a need to have efforts to increase competition in the pharmaceutical market and to regulate the pricing of healthcare services. It is important for policymakers and healthcare providers in Kenya to be aware of the potential economic impact of cancer and to work to mitigate its effects on households. Governments and insurance companies should implement policies that help to reduce the cost of cancer treatment, such as negotiating lower prices with manufacturers or providing financial assistance to patients. Moreover, there is a need to have gender balance and equal opportunities need to be established for all. The vices of discrimination based on gender need to be addressed. Efforts to address household poverty and gender inequality should focus on improving access to education, employment, and resources for women, as well as promoting gender equality and challenging discriminatory social norms. Keywords: Catastrophic healthcare expenditures, household poverty, cancer, Kenya

Toward hospitable healthcare

Customer satisfaction data confirm what many adults believe intuitively: their service experiences with most healthcare service providers (hospitals, clinics, physicians) fall well short of their service experiences with most hospitality providers (hotels, resorts, restaurants). Because the services delivered in both industries are intangible, one wonders whether adoption of the principles known to enhance guest satisfaction in hospitality could elevate the level of patient satisfaction in healthcare. The exigent need for healthcare service providers to explore the adoption of these principles is accelerated by three converging trends: 1) the new “information everywhere” environment that has precipitated more patient-directed selection of healthcare service providers, 2) the move toward more transparent pricing of healthcare services to enable greater competition and more informed consumer choice, and 3) the fact that most healthcare providers must now engage in direct-to-consumer marketing to attract new patients. The authors address these and related issues through the examination of 24 service “touchpoints” common to both hospitality and healthcare experiences in an original survey of 1200 U.S. adults.

Abstract No. 290 Comparative analysis of published chargemasters for interventional radiology procedures across the United States

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) mandated all hospitals in the U.S. to follow pricing transparency regulation to disclose payer-specific prices of healthcare services to provide more effective and economical healthcare. We evaluate published price variations in the cost of interventional radiology (IR) procedures across different hospitals across the USA. In addition, the necessity for a better understanding of IR costs through increased price transparency and approaches such as time-driven activity-based costing has been emphasized in recent editorials.

Surprise Billing and the No Surprises Act: Considerations for Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery

Surprise Billing and the No Surprises Act: Considerations for Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery

Chinese healthcare system: Genesis, reforms and response to the COVID-19 pandemic

The public health system is an important institutional mechanism for reducing society’s medical burden, improving people’s well-being, and, consequently, maintaining harmony and stability in society. This article is devoted to analysis of the development of the health care system of the People’s Republic of China. In particular, the article discusses the main problems of the last four decades of the PRC health system (since 1978 when reforms and opening-up were launched in China); current reforms in this area; as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the PRC health system. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed serious problems in the Chinese healthcare system: lack of resources (medical personnel, healthcare facilities, beds, modern medical equipment), modest investments by the state, exorbitantly high prices for healthcare services and medicines, distrust of doctors by the population, etc. At the same time, in 2020-2021, China has shown an example of a successful fight against the dangerous virus. The Chinese strategy is based on a policy of “zero tolerance” for COVID-19. This means limiting the spread of the virus through lockdowns, providing mass testing, as well as the conversion of public spaces into COVID hospitals, and the use of high technology in health care (Big Data, mobile health, etc.) were found to be decisive measures. Due to those actions, People’s Republic of China was able to recover from virus fairly quickly and show comparatively good economic results in 2020 and 2021. The outbreak of the new strain of coronavirus occurred in China in mid-2022 and a strict lockdown was introduced in some cities and provinces. The article analyzes the reasons of criticism of the “zero tolerance” policy by the World Health Organization under such circumstances.

A spatial analysis of out-of-pocket payments for healthcare in Malawi.

Out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures on health remain high in many low- and middle-income countries despite policy efforts aiming to reduce these health costs by targeting their hotspots. Hotspot targeting remains inadequate, particularly where the OOP expenditures are related across geographic regions due to unequal demand, supply and prices of healthcare services. In this paper, we investigate the existence of geographical correlations in OOP health expenditures by employing a spatial Durbin model on data from 778 clusters obtained from the 2016 Malawi's Integrated Household Survey. Results reveal that Malawian communities face geographical spillovers of OOP health expenditures. Furthermore, we find that factors including household size, education and geographical location are important drivers of the OOP health expenditure's spatial dependency. The paper calls for policy in low-income countries to improve the quality and quantity of healthcare services in both OOP hotspots and their neighbouring communities.

Computing Cost Price of Health Care Services of Patients with Covid-19 Disease in Ali Ibn Abi Taleb Hospital of Rafsanjan in 2020 through Activity-Based Costing (ABC): A Descriptive Study

Computing Cost Price of Health Care Services of Patients with Covid-19 Disease in Ali Ibn Abi Taleb Hospital of Rafsanjan in 2020 through Activity-Based Costing (ABC): A Descriptive Study

Assessing online price transparency of sperm cryopreservation across the United States.

Although the lack of information on the costs and pricing of healthcare services prevails throughout the medical industry, empiric observations have demonstrated that pricing information is even more obscured in the sperm cryopreservation market. Thus, the objectives of our study are to assess and compare online price transparency and the price of sperm cryopreservation across various healthcare settings in the United States. This study examined online pricing published by facilities that have an active registration to store spermatozoa with the Food and Drug Administration. Less than one-fifth of registered facilities display any pricing information online. Price transparency also varies among census regions and facility types. Nationally, the median initial bank fee and annual price of storage are $350 and $385 respectively. Although there were no differences in the initial fee by facility type and census region, the annual price of storing spermatozoa is highest in the Northeast, which could be attributed to laboratory techniques, demographic patterns or insurance coverage. Guidelines from professional societies or different legislation and regulatory requirements across different US states can increase price transparency, which can promote consumer decision-making and decrease the barrier for men seeking fertility preservation.

Analysis of the economic performance of municipal Children's Hospitals in Shanghai: a study on the impacts of policy changes in healthcare service prices.

BackgroundSince the Shanghai municipal government launched the latest round of medical service price reform in 2015, public hospitals have gradually abolished the prices of drugs and consumables, and increased the prices of healthcare services to properly reflect the labor value of medical workers. Under the price reform policy, we should pay more attention to the operation of children’s hospitals.MethodsLiterature review: we conducted a systematic review of the economic performance of municipal children’s hospitals in Shanghai and the relevant policies on healthcare service price reform. Data analysis: we use the relevant economic performance statistics of municipal children’s hospitals and comprehensive hospitals in Shanghai during 2012–2018 to analyze the impacts of healthcare service price reform on children’s hospitals based on time series and hospital type. Expert interview: to expand upon the data analysis, we interviewed some experts to discuss solutions for addressing the difficulties in developing municipal children’s hospitals.ResultsSince the pricing reform, the revenue composition of children’s hospitals has dramatically improved. However, the slightly insufficient potential of their business growth exacerbates their losses and hurts their economic performance.ConclusionsIn the future, municipal children’s hospitals should strengthen their internal management, sharpen their orientation tuning, improve their healthcare service quality, and improve their operational efficiency. Meanwhile, the government needs to provide relevant policy support and help children’s hospitals in their efforts to further improve and grow. Part of the policy recommendations of this study have been included in the next round of important measures for Shanghai's medical reform and planning.

Overpriced? Are Hospital Prices Associated with the Quality of Care?

In most consumer markets, higher prices generally imply increased quality. For example, in the automobile, restaurant, hospitality, and airline industries, higher pricing generally conveys a signal of complexity and superiority of a service or product. However, in the healthcare industry, there is room to challenge the price-quality connection as both health prices and health quality can be difficult to interpret. In the best of circumstances, health care costs, prices, and quality can often be difficult to isolate and measure. Recent efforts by the Trump Administration and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have required the pricing of hospital services to be more transparent. Specifically, hospital chargemaster (retail) prices must now be available to the public. However, many continue to question if the pricing of health care services reflects the quality of service delivery. This research focuses on investigating the prices hospitals charge for their services in relation to the costs incurred and the association with the quality of care provided. By analyzing data from a nationwide sample of U.S. hospitals, this study considers the relationship between hospital pricing (as measured by the charge-to-cost ratio) and hospital quality performance as measured by the Value Based Purchasing Total Performance Score (TPS) and its associated sub-domains. Results of the study indicate that hospital prices, as measured by our primary independent variable of interest, the charge-to-cost ratio, are significantly and negatively associated with Total Performance Score, Patient Experience, and the Efficiency and Cost Reduction domains. A marginal statistically significant positive association is shown in the Clinical Care domain. The findings indicate that unlike most other industries, in medicine, higher pricing compared to cost does not necessarily associate with higher quality and, in fact, might indicate the opposite. The results of this study suggest that purchasers of healthcare, at all levels, have justification in challenging the pricing of healthcare services considering the quality scores available in the public domain.

Envisioning a Better U.S. Health Care System for All: A Call to Action by the American College of Physicians.

Visual Abstract.Envisioning a Better U.S. Health Care System for All: A Call to Action by the American College of Physicians Visual Abstract. Envisioning a Better U.S. Health Care System for All: A...

Estimated funding assessment for hospitals functioning as enterprise

The purpose of the article is to identify the possibilities of medical institutions development in the conditions of change of health care financing mechanism with taking into account the further orientation on autonomization of medical institutions, which received the status of enterprises.The paper implies active implementation of new planning methods that are alternative to the traditional national approach to expenses accounting and their analysis, which are fundamentals of planned fi- nancial indicators calculation.The transformation of the financial mechanism in the healthcare sector necessitates a financial provision for medical institutions, that includes, first and foremost, a reasonable calculation of cost of medical in- stitutions services.Methodology.The methodology of the study is to use a combina- tion of methods: economic analysis, synthesis, comparison – to estimate the ac- tual values of financial indicators; economic-mathematical modeling and forecast- ing; systematic analysis, typification and comparison of observations, grouping, generalizations – during the process of making final conclusions based on the results of analytical studies.The scientific noveltyof the resultsobtainedconsistsnew approach offered by authors that let medical institutionsolve existing practical and methodological issues of correlation between current actual expenses and, forecast financial needs of medical institution in variable functioning conditions. The au- thors prove that the further development of medical institutions is impossible without reasonable pricing of healthcare services. The existing «Methodology of healthcare services cost calculation»is aimed at standardization and unification of expenses accounting methods, but does not promote getting veracious calculable data, which should be used in financial planning and modelling. Conclusions.The combination of analysis methods presented in this paper enables to make a forecast about the financial needs of the medical institution in the status of the enterprise on the basis of scientifically-based approaches. The use of the CVP-analysis meth- od allows to purposefully manage the main financial indicators that are taken into account in different scenarios, and the correctness of their analytical application at the hospital level is included in a justified approach to a higher level of gener- alization in accordance with the theory of averages.There is a high bankruptcy risk for a medical institution in the status of an enterprise in a case of insufficient level of reimbursement of medical institution expenses within the limits of state medical insurance, as well as within limited possibilities of receiving income from paid medical services. For more effective realization of medical institutions «au- tonomization», it is necessary to improve the legislation in terms of free choice of the list and volume of paid medical services, economic approaches to pricing for paid medical services and a clear policy of the state within a support of health care capital investment programs.Effective, purposeful preparatory work of reason- able financial indicators usage, taking into account current legislation, will enable the medical institutions to be competitive in the healthcare market.

The use of valuations of healthcare services in other countries (basic benefits basket) in the tariffing process

The Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System is national institution supervised by Minister of Health. Agency is an advisory body in the reimbursement process. One of the Agency’s roles is setting a tariff for publicly funded healthcare services. Determining the cost of medical services is one of the most important conditions for valuating these tariffs. As in most European countries, the system of financing in-patient care in Poland is based on the Diagnosis Related Group system (DRG). DRG systems were created to increase efficiency in the use of available resources, and consequently to improve the quality of medical care. In order to compare the method and level of financing healthcare services with their equivalent abroad, the Agency analyzes information from other countries, especially those with GDP per capita similar to that of Poland. The Agency searches for patient group classification methods, payment methods, the shape of services and all factors affecting the valuation of services. The article describes the Polish inpatient services system against the background of solutions functioning in the world. The pricing process was presented, with particular emphasis on the process of obtaining data on foreign tariffs and their impact on the construction and pricing of healthcare services in Poland.

A MODEL PROPOSAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH TOURISM IN PAMUKKALE:‘’PAMUKKALE HEALTH FREE ZONE’’

AbstractIn the early ages, health tourism, which is believed to have begun by moving to cities with medical schools to learn the profession of travels and students who have made medical trips to other places where humans cannot get treatment in their own environment, medical doctors who have proven medical proficiency and natural healing resources, the source has become one of the tourism branches.Health tourism is divided into three main categories: Old and Disabled Tourism, Spa-Wellness Tourism and Medical Tourism.Health tourism; until the 1980s, the wealthy of the underdeveloped countries; high quality and standardized health care services to developed countries as well as travel towards health care has remained. After the 1980s, developed countries have become more and more affordable treatments because of the increased cost and price of health care services, and they have become more and more traveled in less developed countries that produce quality health care.Countries such as Thailand, Singapore, India and Dubai, which are well-regarded for the health tourism potential that has turned towards the underdeveloped countries, have rapidly become health bases by establishing health facilities with international standards and accreditation documents. Today, social security institutions of many developed countries reduce their costs by negotiating with hospitals that produce health services at the same level as their own countries that have international accreditation in underdeveloped countries, and treating their members cheaper.Pamukkale (Pamukkale-Karahayit-Akköy-Yenicekent-Sarayköy) region, which has six five-star hotels and various accommodation places and 14.000 beds, Pamukkale which is one of the most important natural beauties of the world and the world has thermal water and mud resources, cannot get a share. Pamukkale is also home to the city of Denizli is close to 600 of the health institutions and institutions of our country is one of the highest potential health tourism health.Pamukkale; it has the potential to become an appealing treatment center for health tourists who will spend the rest of their life here after the treatment of the city and the rest of the country, as in the Roman period. Only a small part of the tourists who come to Pamukkale benefit from the Elderly and Handicapped Tourism and Spa-Wellness Tourism, because the medical service cannot be provided with this well-organized, well-organized health service and cannot benefit from the medical tourism services because medical service is not provided in the region. Pamukkale, which entered the list of UNESCO world heritage in its natural / cultural category in 1988, is one of the most recognized and well known trademarks of our country all over the world. The contribution to the health tourism of the region will be limited if the country will benefit from the reputation and brand value of Pamukkale with the construction of health facilities that will produce Elderly and Disabled Touristic, Spa-Wellness Touristic and Medical (tourism) tourism services by establishing "Health Free Zone" in the region.