Drop In Prices Research Articles

COFFEE PRODUCTION AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

Coffee planters face competition with other cash crops and higher production costs. Besides that, the biggest issue in this sector is the labour required to select ripe coffee beans since not all beans in a single stalk of coffee mature simultaneously. Nonetheless, this well-known beverage is facing a sustainability dilemma. This paper uses previous studies on coffee production and sustainability in Malaysia. A continuous drop in global coffee prices has squeezed coffee growers and pushed many of them below the worldwide severe poverty level. This document discusses research on sustainability in the coffee industry, including past study findings, and makes various recommendations. These obstacles must be solved to achieve sustainable coffee production. All types of literature (including grey literature) were searched exploratively by including those published in the past ten years from 2011 to January 2022 and in the English language. The adoption of sustainable production practices is vital for ecosystem and biodiversity protection, as well as assuring long-term supply availability of coffee production in Malaysia. Implementing sustainability in the coffee certificate in Malaysia's coffee production system appears to be the most appropriate approach to addressing these challenges because it can synergise increasing productivity and farmers' income, implementing climate change adaptation and mitigation, and increasing farmer capability and credit access. The originality of this study is its reviews of how to sustain the coffee production in the Malaysian agriculture sector.

PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN BUAH NANAS PROGRAM KKNT DALAM MENDUKUNG MBKM GUNA MENINGKATKAN PELUANG BISNIS DESA TANJUNG BARU

Located in Muara Enim Regency, Tanjung Baru Village in Lembak Sub-district has an abundance of natural resources, one of which is a pineapple plantation that deserves attention. Thanks to the village's dry soil consisting of sand and low lime content, pineapple cultivation thrives here. In fact, locals often turn to pineapple cultivation for their livelihood. Unfortunately, the sheer number of people owning these plantations has led to a surplus of pineapples, resulting in a drop in prices and lost opportunities for profit. As students, our goal is to foster MSMEs in Tanjung Baru Village through hands-on training on how to make delicious pineapple jam. We strive to provide locals with essential knowledge to effectively utilize pineapple products and delve into researching key ingredients that have the potential to cultivate and trade high-quality pineapples at the best prices. Our goal is to assist the development of MSMEs in Tanjung Baru Village.

The Impact of Information Uncertainty on Stock Performance During the 2008-2009 Financial Crisis

We investigate the impact of information uncertainty on stock performance during the 2008-2009 financial crisis. We document that firms with more information uncertainty suffered a greater stock price drop during the period of market-wide price declines. In contrast, the negative effect of information uncertainty on stock returns was absent during the market-reversal or pseudo-drop period. In addition, during the reversal period, firms with forecast dispersion in the top tercile (or quartile) had more positive returns than those with lower forecast dispersion. We contribute to the literature by testing the relationship between information uncertainty and firm returns in the special setting of the most recent financial crisis and providing initial evidence that firm-specific information uncertainty amplified stock price fluctuations during the financial crisis.

The competitive effects of product unbundling: Evidence from U.S. airlines

This paper examines how one firm’s decision to unbundle its product affects its competitors’ pricing strategies. Existing literature discusses the effect on prices of the unbundling firm, but previous work often ignores the asymmetric scenario where one firm unbundles while the competing firm does not. We contribute to the literature by modeling and empirically testing the asymmetric case of product unbundling on competitors’ prices using a large dataset of U.S. domestic airfares. The variation in timing and implementation of bag fees among airlines during 2007-2009 provides a unique opportunity to identify the effects of product unbundling. We find competitor bag fees lead to lower ticket prices for a majority of airlines and routes. While the average effect is a 2% drop in ticket price, additional evidence indicates the reduction in ticket price is larger on longer routes and routes characterized as having a greater proportion of business travelers.

PENERAPAN DATA MINING UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI HARGA BAHAN PANGAN DI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR

Food is one of the important sectors for human life, because the basic human need is food. Over time, food prices in Indonesia are often unstable. This of course has a big impact on the community and farmers. The cause of this food price volatility can be caused by several factors, such as environmental factors, pest and planthopper attacks, and dry land. The application of one of the data mining methods in the process of predicting food prices, especially predicting the price of rice in Indonesia with this prediction, people throughout Indonesia can be more vigilant in the future to prevent hunger. The benefit of predicting food prices for farmers is to prevent large losses caused by the drop in food prices. Meanwhile, the Government's goal is to maintain food security in the territory of the Indonesian Government to prevent hunger. The dataset used comes from the National PIHPS Website. The method used is the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) regression algorithm and for testing it uses RMSE and MAE. The results of this study, the K-Nearest Neighbor method with the regression model can predict the price of rice in January 2019 - December 2021 which is recorded every month with the addition of variable data Harvested Area (ha), Production Yield (tons) of the total experiment using range k = (2,10) then the best prediction results are by using k = 2 with MAE and RMSE for training data 52.77 and 96.40 and for testing data 55.55 and 81.64 and K = 2 parameters which have been normalized.

Evaluation of sector-coupled energy systems using different foresight horizons

Energy system models are increasingly being used in politics, industry and science. At the same time, model complexity continues to increase. Different possibilities of computing time reduction are in use, for example rolling horizons and incremental optimisation with reduced foresight. However, the combination of using strongly sector-coupled models with different foresight variants, in particular, has not been investigated thoroughly yet. This study aims to evaluate different model foresights by using a mathematical model of the German energy system, which includes electricity and heat supply as well as the supply of basic chemicals and mobility. Three scenarios of this model are used to evaluate the influences of changing foresights. The considered foresight variants are perfect foresight, myopia incremental, and myopia with foresight. Carbon budget models are shown to be more suitable than the price drop and CO2 price variants with the aim to minimise deviations from the least-cost energy system transformation. Moreover, this study demonstrates the importance of the chosen model foresight. If the goal of the optimisation is to simulate unforeseen events or shocks, the foresight of the model should be chosen to have a rather small value to depict a realistic reaction of the model. If the goal is rather to simulate long-lasting consequences of decisions taken at the beginning of the simulation, the foresight horizons should be chosen to be rather long while also considering the computational costs that scale with increasing foresight.

Bank solvency stress tests with fire sales

We present a new framework combining current methods of bank solvency stress tests with a model of fire sales. We apply the framework to the stress tests conducted by the European Banking Authority. Fire sales are described by an equilibrium model balancing leverage improvements and drops in security prices. Additional bank losses caused by fire sales are significant and go beyond the trivial fact that with fire sales we will get bigger losses. Ignoring potential fire sales effects may lead to a false sense of resilience by assuming that institutions, which are in fact fragile, are resilient.

Cheese Price Softening in the U.S.: Determining Effects from Excessive Cheese in the Market

The United States (U.S.) cheese sector has experienced continuous production and consumption growth since the 1990’s with its market characterized as having oligopolistic behavior, signaling that prices respond to supply. Despite the steady industry growth, it experienced a recent multi-year period of declining prices. This paper addresses how growth towards an all-time record surplus of cheese, in response to excess milk production and export drops, weakened U.S. cheese prices. This study finds there is a significant short-run effect on price from overly expanded cheese supply, i.e., specifically taking a 2019 monthly average supply of 2.48 billion pounds, a 10% rise in cheese supply results in an immediate price decrease of 8.7%, translating to an average decline of USD 0.15/pound. The cumulative effect on its price from this 10% change results in a cumulative drop in cheese prices of 18.9%, approximately equal to a decrease of USD 0.34/pound. Findings provide relevant information to cheese, dairy producers and stakeholders, for milk production schedules, risk management and dairy policy analysis.

Key factors determining the bulk ore sorting potential in a caving mine

Bulk ore sorting may add significant value to block and panel cave mines where processing feed grades are constrained by limited grade selectivity. The Cadia East gold-copper mine is a panel caving operation utilizing two different on-belt bulk ore sensors to evaluate the potential benefits of the technology. To date, there is limited reported work addressing the applicability of bulk ore sorting systems at a caving mine, where two commodities drive the economics. This indicative study is aimed at investigating the importance of various key factors on the bulk ore sorting potentials of the active and future panel caves of the Cadia East mine. Results show that for only one active cave of the mine, bulk ore sorting may be applied in the ideal scenario where grades are not affected negatively by mixing and the sorting takes place at maximum efficiency. As a general trend for all the caves, when the sorting cut-off grade is increased beyond a certain threshold, a sharp decline is observed in the sorting potentials due to the significant amounts of gold and copper deporting to the sorter rejects. In the case of a significant drop in metal prices, bulk ore sorting may only provide an opportunity to improve cave economics marginally. Results obtained by investigating the spatial change in sorting potential show that the portions of the caves with low metal grades are favourable for bulk ore sorting. In the scenario where bulk ore sorting is focused on low-grade portions, it is demonstrated that improvements in the economics of the future caves may additionally be achieved. However, as the low-grade portions represent a very small volume in the orebody, applying ore sorting on the plant conveyor may not be viable.

Review on socioeconomic and sustainability of oil palm plantations among rural communities in Malaysia

Malaysian oil palm plantations contributed 2.7% of Malaysian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2020 and became the world’s second largest producer of palm oil after Indonesia. Unfortunately, the expansion of oil palm plantations has always been linked to deforestation, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil erosion. Despite the negative environmental repercussions, there is no denying that the rapid expansion of oil palm plantations has had beneficial social and economic impacts. Therefore, in this study, researchers aim to review recent studies on the socioeconomic impacts of oil palm plantations in Malaysia for the last decade (2012 – 2022). This study also identifies challenges faced by rural communities who are participated in oil palm cultivation. Since this is a conceptual paper, secondary sources, such as research articles, government reports, and published research works, are used in this study. We employed desktop study method to search the academic papers and reports from online databases. Most the papers agreed that land development for oil palm enhances socioeconomic levels, especially among rural communities by providing job opportunities, creating small businesses, reducing poverty, and improving their livelihoods. However, the involvement of farmers and planters in oil palm downstream activities and multiple crop cultivation remains low since small-scale farmers highly depend on selling fresh fruit bunches (FFB) to get their income. The drop in crude palm oil prices because of the international market has severely affected oil palm smallholders’ income. Most of previous research also believed sustainable oil palm plantation helps smallholders improve their socioeconomic conditions. The authorities may also make more efforts to promote sustainable plantations, especially among smallholders.

PEMANFAATAN SISTEM RESI GUDANG DI CV TRIANOM AGROTEKTUR (KADATUAN KOFFIE) DENGAN IKATAN KELOMPOK TANI

Coffee farmers are still often faced with the problem of unstable coffee selling prices during the harvest season to a price level that is not profitable for farmers. This problem often occurs in almost all agricultural commodity producers. Meanwhile, agricultural commodities themselves are very vulnerable to price fluctuations where during the main harvest the price will fall, while during a famine, prices will soar. One way to overcome this problem is to delay the sale of their crops, but farmers will need money in cash to finance their daily needs. One alternative way to deal with the various losses incurred by farmers due to the drop in coffee prices is to implement a warehouse receipt system. The Warehouse Receipt System (SRG) is a system innovation created by the Ministry of Trade (Kemendag). This WRS aims to overcome various problems that occur during the harvest season. The main problem that often occurs when the harvest season arrives is the decline in commodity prices. This will certainly be detrimental to both farmers. When using SRG, farmers will feel the benefits. Utilization of WRS that will be obtained by farmers is the profit from the difference in selling prices obtained during harvest and post-harvest. The benefits of this WRS will be obtained by the availability of facilities and infrastructure in the warehouse. However, not all farmers are willing to use this WRS. Therefore, in implementing WRS, it is necessary to provide training in the form of outreach, education, and success stories to farmers and institutions such as cooperatives to accommodate their crops. Based on the results of the implementation of community service entitled "Utilization of the Warehouse Receipt System at CV Trianom Agrotektur (Kadatuan Koffie) with Farmers Group Association", the following conclusions are obtained: (1) Training can increase farmers' knowledge regarding the use of the Warehouse Receipt System (WRS); (2) Training encourages better problem solving through discussion and exchange of opinions regarding the utilization of the Warehouse Receipt System (WRS).

Measuring the energy-related uncertainty index

This paper develops a novel energy-related uncertainty index (the EUI). We use the text analysis of the monthly country reports of the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) to construct the EUI, which measures the uncertainties related to energy markets for 28 developed and developing countries from 1996 to 2022 using. We use the vector autoregression (VAR) model and a range of other estimation methods to evaluate and check the efficacy of the EUI. The EUI appears to respond strongly to oil shocks, including sharp drops in oil prices. We also find that the EUI and other measures of uncertainties spiked during the global financial crisis, the European debt crises, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Further analysis confirms that an increase in the EUI tends to hinder economic activities and outputs, not only at a country level but also at an industry level.

Pelatihan dan Pemanfaatan Olahan Tomat sebagai Selai Tomat Desa Sidokumpul, Kecamatan Sambeng, Kabupaten Lamongan

Sidokumpul Village is one of the villages in Sambeng District, Lamongan Regency, classified as a tropical area with agricultural potential. one of the commodities that are often cultivated are Tomato and Tobacco plants. During the main harvest season, generally the price of tomatoes will experience a drastic price drop. Efforts that can be made to keep tomato prices high is to process tomatoes into processed products with economic value. This training program aims to: 1. Form and develop an innovative society, 2. Increase knowledge or skills, especially diversification of food processing, 3. Increase production and marketing knowledge. Training activities are carried out through 3 main stages, namely preparation, implementation and evaluation. processing of tomato jam was chosen as one of the processed tomatoes with a longer shelf life and higher economic value. This training activity by the KKN group was able to increase public knowledge and the selling value of tomatoes, as well as being an alternative solution when the selling price of tomatoes was cheap. The processing process is relatively easy and uses simple equipment

Restructuring the health education cluster in a public university

Research methodology This case was developed from the author’s personal experience as a participant in one of the health taskforce subcommittees. The author also sought the inputs of the Vice President of Health and Medical Education, the Dean of the Health Sciences College, the Student Affairs Assistant Dean of the Pharmacy College and the previous Vice President of Health and Medical Education. Moreover, secondary data were obtained from the office of the Vice President of Health and Medical Education at Qatar University (QU). Case overview/synopsis The government of Qatar has consistently provided generous funding for QU over the years. However, recent economic challenges, such as drops in oil prices, have had a negative impact on the country’s GDP and export revenue. In response, QU began to implement a new organizational structure. Specifically, the university proposed merging the three health-related colleges (health sciences, medicine and pharmacy) into a single cluster called the health education cluster. This decision was supported by a broad benchmark of approximately 40 universities worldwide, as well as input from various stakeholders within the university. Forming a cluster was expected to benefit the organization as a whole. However, the decision faced resistance and challenges that required investigation by top management. Would the new organizational structure be accepted by all? Was it feasible to have a single cluster that encompassed three distinct departments within the organization? These are examples of the questions that this case study addresses. Complexity academic level This compact case is suitable for a case study in basic undergraduate, postgraduate and advanced courses in Strategic Management at a business school. The case highlights the need to restructure an organization and the use of strategy formulation and implementation in the framework of management.

Crude oil price prediction using Artificial Neural Network-Backpropagation (ANN-BP) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methods

Crude oil price prediction using Artificial Neural Network-Backpropagation (ANN-BP) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methods

The effect of open space maintenance spending on house prices

AbstractWe study the effect on housing values of cutting funding for the maintenance of local parks and recreational areas. It is the first study we find on house prices and park maintenance spending, and only the second open space study we find that uses regression discontinuity. We study tax votes with exogenous timing for renewing current expense spending on parks and recreation, adding to the vibrant literature on house price capitalization of environmental amenities. We find that otherwise similar communities that barely vote to cut taxes suffer an 11% drop in house prices, compared to communities that barely vote to renew tax funding. The capitalization discount grows to 13% and 16% in later periods. Voting against spending saves $70 a year for a typical house but cuts house values by over $30,000. We find stronger effects for large tax levies and more expensive houses.

Technology Focus: EOR Operations (June 2023)

While supply disruptions and price volatility are not new to the oil and gas industry, the dramatic drop in oil prices because of the COVID-19 pandemic severely affected global enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects. To add fuel to the fire, the current geopolitical scenario leading to a surge in commodity prices and supply chain disruptions exacerbated this situation by negating any chances of recovery, at least in the short term. Concurrently, the rise in energy consumption and increasing demand for energy security worldwide warrants the need to increase global hydrocarbon production. However, rising environmental concerns with regard to greenhouse gas emissions, coupled with a decrease in the availability of easy-to-produce hydrocarbon resources, mandate the need for a gradual shift toward optimized recovery strategy in a sustainable and cost-efficient manner. As a result, current circumstances dictate focusing on low-cost and low-carbon EOR barrels to secure energy supply in the shorter term while continuing to develop innovative technologies and strategies for enhancing production in the longer term. Energy consumption for mature waterfloods increases sharply at higher water cuts primarily because of the recirculation of water through the existing swept pathways. Lower volumetric sweep in reservoirs leads to excessive water production and less oil recovery. To curb the menace of excess water production, conventional EOR techniques such as polymerflooding or in-depth conformance-control techniques are mostly implemented. Both methods have demonstrated cost savings because of reduced watercuts and reductions in CO2 generation by lowering reinjection of produced water. Additional costs of injectants, transport, and topside facilities, however, contribute to higher project costs. Early optimization measures for existing waterfloods using machine-learning (ML) approaches could enable optimal reservoir management and production by delineating reservoir heterogeneities more efficiently and predicting more-effective interwell connectivity. Furthermore, ML could contribute directly to the optimization and surveillance of EOR applications, which would subsequently affect the performance and the cost of such projects, thereby supporting the achievement of low-cost and low-carbon EOR barrels. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 214268 A Novel Approach To Combine Models To Evaluate Interwell Connectivity in a Waterflooded Reservoir With Limited Injection History by Yanfidra Djanuar, Dragon Oil, et al. SPE 210657 A Laboratory-to-Field Approach and Evaluation of Low-Salinity Waterflooding Process for High-Temperature/High-Pressure Carbonate Reservoirs by Hemanta Kumar Sarma, University of Calgary, et al. IPTC 22733 Like Cures Like Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery in Biodegraded Crude by Thanapong Ketmalee, PTTEP, et al.

A Hybrid Photovoltaic/Diesel System for Off-Grid Applications in Lubumbashi, DR Congo: A HOMER Pro Modeling and Optimization Study

In Lubumbashi, the capital of Haut Katanga in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), diesel power plants are a common source of electricity. The need to utilize local renewable energy sources in DR Congo has increased due to the unreliability of the state grid and the rising cost of running diesel generators. Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and batteries, in particular, have recently recorded significant price drops. It is important for operators and suppliers to choose optimal generators together with a renewable energy system to lessen the energy deficit. Diesel generators are still widely used in DRC, but their efficiency pales in contrast to that of more recent power facilities. Consuming fossil fuels results in high expenses for upkeep and operation, in addition to severe environmental damage. This study assessed the feasibility of using local weather and technical data to evaluate the efficiency of a diesel power plant hybridized with a PV system. The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) simulations suggest that the hybrid system schedule is preferable due to its many economic and environmental advantages for the local community and its inhabitants. The promotion of such a hybrid system may encourage the sustainable economic development of a stable source of electricity for the Congo Region.

International cooperation as a factor of scientific and technological development in the oil and gas industry of the Russian Federation

The article examines the technological development of the oil and gas industry in the context of an unprecedented sanctions regime by unfriendly countries. The importance of the oil and gas complex for technological re-equipment, in order to reduce dependence on foreign technologies, was noted. It is shown that in the conditions of sanctions restrictions and the worldwide drop in prices for hydrocarbons in the short term did not have serious consequences for the oil and gas complex. In order to reduce dependence on technological equipment of unfriendly countries, the form of international cooperation in the form of technological partnership is considered, which can be extremely useful, and not only the experience of partnerships for the development of new technologies, but also the experience of cooperation for the transfer and adaptation of existing technologies. Despite the obvious importance of the oil and gas complex in providing the federal budget with foreign exchange earnings, the current situation is marked by several important negative factors that have a certain impact on its development. It is shown that in conditions of global instability, large investments are needed in the development of modern Russian technological equipment at the level of the global average (2-8% of GDP) of highly developed countries. The main solutions of technological development in the oil and gas industry of the Russian Federation are proposed.

<p>The Impact of Fluctuation of the International Oil Prices on the Public Budget of Iraq (An Analytical Study During the Period from (2001 - 2019)</p>

This research aimed to Determining the extents to which oil domination over public finance in Iraq has reached and determining the proposed future scenarios ,Iraqi economy loses an amount more than a billion dollars due to lower crude oil prices, the amount of one dollar in the price of a barrel of oil produced by the compounding of the budget deficit, to be investment spending is the victim of any drop in oil prices, which means stop wheel ages and growth in Economy, It was also suggested that Mali establish a sovereign fund that is tied to the country's fiscal policy and serves as collateral for future generations, with the savings portion of oil revenues and other miscellaneous income channeled through the fiscal deficit to compensate for and act as an emergency fund. That is why the fluctuation of oil prices and its impact on the general budget was chosen, and data were collected from the Central Bank, the Iraqi Ministry of Finance and OPEC, and the study is based on a review of the various literature presented in the paper. For the purpose of the current study, the oil sector was chosen. The variables of exchange rate, gross domestic product, price per barrel, oil revenues, oil revenues, and inflation were measured with the help of data on a scale by using the multiple regression model. Indeed, the volatility of oil prices has been measured. The study concluded that there is an impact of oil price fluctuation on the general budget . The Iraqi economy loses more than one billion dollars due to the drop in crude oil prices by one dollar in the price of a barrel of oil it exports, which exacerbates its budget deficit. This paper contributes to the search for an alternative standard model that is able to effectively explain the impact of oil price fluctuations on the public budget in Iraq.This paper will be valuable for decision makers in Iraq to know the impact of oil price fluctuations on the public budget and reduce the budget's dependence on oil revenues.