Price Affordability Research Articles

Saving the environment from the internet: A polynomial mitigation model of reducing Individual Internet Consumption through Internet Pricing and Environmental Awareness

The ever-increasing internet usage purports to make substantial damage to the environment as a result of the emissions arising from the internet supporting infrastructures like data centers. However, there has been much less discussion on creating an awareness of the damage that the internet does to the environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the internet use can be reduced at the individual level by calibrating internet price and one’s environmental awareness. The study employs a population-based survey experiment and conducts a polynomial regression analysis using a sample of 326 individuals to understand the conjoined relationship between internet price and environmental awareness. The results indicate that internet price affordability moderated the relationship between environmental awareness and internet usage. Although, before inducing awareness, pricing plays a major role in changing consumption, after inducing awareness the significance of pricing decreases, and awareness tends to determine the consumption. Moreover, the multi-group analysis infers that age does not show any significance on price affordability and environmental awareness, although males display a high price sensitivity and responsiveness towards awareness than their female counterparts.

Novel compositional engineering for ~26% efficient CZTS-perovskite tandem solar cell

The production and commercialization of solar cells should meet such social criteria as price affordability, environment friendly, stability, and high efficiency of established materials.Various solar cells have been suggested and investigated in the past; but in this work, CZTS-Perovskite tandem solar cell having a model “CZTS/PSC/CZTS/ZnO/FTO” was taken from the reported work as a reference. Furthermore, inserting the CdS as a buffer layer with the new model, “CZTS/PSC/CZTS/CdS/ZnO/FTO” was simulated with SCAPS-1D software. Moreover, it was observed that the effect of CdS enhanced the tandem device efficiency from the base case of 22.57% without the CdS buffer layer to 25.95% with CdS and carried out further optimizations. This improvement is beneficial for CZTS-Perovskite tandem solar cells. The J-V characteristics curve and energy band diagram was generated using this model. Later on, with this new model, the effect of the thickness of CZTS layer on the solar cell’s performance was investigated. So, the thickness also significantly affected the characteristic parameters of the solar cell as well as the J-V characteristics curve. Hence, a photo-conversion efficiency of 25.95% with Voc 1.18 V, Jsc 24.79 mA/cm2, and FF 88.36%, the obtained results demonstrating that the proposed CZTS-perovskite tandem solar cell may concrete the way for the production of low-cost and more efficient photovoltaic applications.

Research on the continuation of mining works in the license perimeter of the Peşteana Nord quarry

Exploitation works at the North Pesteana Quarry is located in areas with mineral energy resources, and contributes to ensuring the country’s energy security, based on an efficient system of supply of primary resources, production, transport, distribution and supply, to ensure food of all consumers in terms of accessibility, availability and affordability of prices, taking into account the evolution of the quality of the environment. The exploitation surface is isolated from the protected area Jiu Corridor ROSCI0045 through the neighborhoods from the eastern limit-the regularization channel of the river Jiu and the villages Balteni, Peșteana Jiu, Cocoreni, Olari and the neighborhoods from the western limit - the villages Valea cu Apa, Pesteana de Jos, Hotaroasa, Urdari. Lignite mining works do not affect the integrity of the protected natural area; by carrying out the works, the artificial barriers between the natural and the anthropic terrain are not created. The paper presents the results of the research undertaken in 2019 through the technical expertise in File no. 14666/3/2017*, Archive of the Bucharest Tribunal [1]. Measures are proposed to prevent, reduce and, where possible, offset significant adverse effects on the environment, including: measures for the protection of water quality, air quality, protection against noise and vibration, in the field of soil and subsoil quality, biodiversity and measures for the rehabilitation of the land for its subsequent use, etc.

BELAJAR AKUNTANSI DASAR DENGAN CARA MUDAH DAN MENYENANGKAN

Perumda Pasar Satria Purwokerto has the goal of playing an active role in assisting the availability of supply, stability and affordability of prices for staple goods in the Banyumas area. For this reason, efforts are being made to foster and empower Market Traders to increase Regional Original Income (PAD). Internally, Perumda's management also made self-improvement by empowering and increasing the competence of its employees. In the field of accounting, Perumda's management seeks to improve the accounting competence of its employees so that they are able to carry out their duties and responsibilities better. Accounting training is carried out to increase understanding and insight into accounting and transaction processing practices at Perumda Pasar Satria. This is deemed necessary by management to support the achievement of the goals of Perumda Pasar Satria. The first stage of accounting training has been carried out by providing insight and knowledge of accounting and manual transaction processing practices. Furthermore, training will be carried out to improve computer-based accounting competencies. Employees are expected to have accounting knowledge and skills, although not all of their work is directly related to the application of computer accounting.

An Improved Handoff Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Heterogeneous Wireless Network is currently a major area of focus in communication engineering. But the important issue in recent communication is the approachability to the wireless networks while maintaining the quality of service. Today, all the wireless access networks are working in tandem to keep the users always connected to the internet cloud that matches the price affordability and performance goals. In order to achieve seamless connectivity, due consideration has to be given to handoff precision and a smaller number of handoffs. Several researchers have used heuristic approaches to solve this issue. In the present work, a hybrid intelligent algorithm has been suggested for vertical handoff decisions. This hybrid intelligent algorithm is based on dual optimization approach which uses “Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)” and “Mobile Robustness Optimization (MRO)” techniques for improving the quality of services. This approach performs well even in the failure network conditions and gives the best results in terms of connectivity. The results at the last has been compared with the conventional techniques and it has been observed that the proposed methodology outperforms the existing one.

Indomie Product Marketing Strategy in Entering International Marketing

The company needs to prepare a strategy to market its products in order to penetrate the international market. Market competition is so much a challenge for entrepreneurs. In this case, one of the companies that is able to survive with intense competition and successfully penetrate the international market is PT. Indofood Makmur is a company engaged in food and beverage processing. The brand name used by PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk, is Indomie. first time comes with Chicken Broth Flavor only. In Indonesia, the term "Indomie" is commonly used as a generic term that refers to instant noodles. This study aims to describe the marketing strategy used by Indomie products in entering international marketing. In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method where the data collection technique used is literature study. The results showed that the strategy used by Indomie products to enter the international market was by implementing the 3A strategy, namely Acceptability (Product), Availability (Place), and Affordability (Price). With the distinctive taste of the archipelago spread throughout Indonesia, Indomie has been recognized by consumers that Indomie is an original product from Indonesia.

Budgeting for the adoption of sensors on connected trains

ABSTRACT Railroads can save significant sums of money by deploying multi-sensor track scanners on connected trains to detect track and roadbed problems that could cause accidents. However, uncertainties about performance and return-on-investment have impeded the development and deployment of such sensor systems. This research develops a budget model that both manufacturers and railroads can use to decide on a suitable trade-off between price affordability and achievable performance. A case study of five Class 1 railroads in the U.S. demonstrates that a payback within two years is achievable at U.S.$4000 per device and an annual maintenance cost of one-quarter of the system deployment cost.

The Need of E-ticket to Support the Public Bus Service Improvement Policy in a Developing Country

Background: Public buses are a major transportation mode in large cities in the developing country Indonesia. Nevertheless, most societies still use passenger cars. Therefore, the road authority has developed an important policy to improve public bus services soon. One of the public bus services is to change the bus operational system, including the manual ticketing system to an electronic ticket (e-ticket) system. In order to make the policy succeed, the road authority should ask for passengers’ opinions. Objective: The purposes of this study are to ensure that the bus e-ticket is needed to support the policy and then to determine important priority factors of bus e-ticket implementation. Methods: The data were collected using a direct survey with a questionnaire in large cities, Surabaya and Denpasar in Indonesia. A total of 565 bus passengers participated in this survey. An analysis was conducted through cross tabulation between the respondents’ demographic data and their perceived level of need and priority of implementation with regard to various factors of the e-ticket system. The Simple Additive Weighting method was used to determine the important priority factors. Results: Results indicated that a bus e-ticket needed for the cross tabulation average value is more than 3.60 out of 5.00 for all factors. Furthermore, the three highest values of factors based on the Simple Additive Weighting method are ease of access, availability of the bus routes information, and affordability of the e-ticket price. Conclusion: Since respondents indicate that the e-ticket is needed and is a priority, then the policy is beneficial not only to improve bus services in Indonesia but also in other developing countries with similar traffic and geometric conditions.

Spatiotemporal Affordability Evaluation of Water Services in China: A Functional Cost‐Price Model

AbstractAffordability of water services is an important part of the UN's sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially for a highly populated, developing country such as China. Previous studies have mainly focussed on unique index systems, from different perspectives for water affordability evaluation, while large‐scale studies at a national level are rare, and the understanding of water affordability is still not complete and scientific. In this study, a functional cost‐price model coupled with assessment index system and comprehensive evaluation method is developed for the description and assessment of water affordability degree (WAD) in China. The assessment index system integrates a cost‐price perspective of water affordability into a general model by incorporating 20 indicators belonging to six dimensions, including cost affordability of water pollution control, flood control and drought relief, soil and water conservation, and price affordability of irrigation water, residential water, and production water. This study obtains the spatiotemporal characteristics and the list of serious problems of water affordability in China, then discusses the regulatory focus of the water conservancy industry and the water pricing methods, so as to provide a reference for the national policy formulation of sustainable water management.

Homeopathic diagnosis and treatment of malaria in Kenya

Homeopathic diagnosis and treatment of malaria in Kenya

Біль, тривога, порушення сну — три мішені для прегабаліну при нейропатичних болях в спині

Стаття присвячена перевагам прегабаліну (препарат Судорега®) як засобу першої лінії медикаментозної терапії пацієнтів із хронічними нейропатичними болями в спині. Аналгезуючий ефект препарату в поєднанні зі здатністю коригувати порушення сну і психоемоційного стану дозволяє досягти терапевтичного успіху навіть при тяжких, резистентних до традиційної терапії формах захворювання. Серед інших переваг препарату Судорега® — високий профіль безпеки, відсутність міжлікарських взаємодій, що дозволяють застосовувати його в пацієнтів із поліморбідністю, в осіб похилого віку; цінова доступність.

Perlindungan hukum pelaku usaha komoditi pertanian melalui penguatan anggaran dalam rangka mencegah krisis pangan

The magnitude of the influence of food availability and affordability of prices will provide certainty for the people's trust in the state, especially the Indonesian government, which has Pancasila as the basis for the manifestation of national and state life, must be translated so that its main mission can be understood. In the spirit of a rule of law approach, legal protection for the guarantee of food availability must be considered, so that the main objective of forming a state for the welfare of the people can be realized and felt. Economic democracy based on social justice, which has been translated by economic experts and lawyers into a popular economic model, has a framework that must be clarified. The existence of an agricultural country necessitates a concentration on the agricultural sector. The issue of shrinking agricultural land for food production compared to the area of oil palm land is a manifestation of the weakening role of the government. So that the stimulus to agriculture must be carried out. The application of the cost of food production as well as the guarantee of the lowest price is urgently needed. Of course with a complete explanation that the food problem is not just a guarantee of supply. However, the state's ability to produce independently is the key to state sovereignty.How to cite item: Irfan, M. (2021). Perlindungan hukum pelaku usaha komoditi pertanian melalui penguatan anggaran dalam rangka mencegah krisis pangan. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 12(2), 187-194. doi:https://doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v12i2.5809

PENDAMPINGAN PROGRAM PENGENDALIAN INFLASI DAERAH PADA KLASTER CABAI MERAH

Inflationary pressure in West Java province in January to March 2021 (quarter 1) was lower than October to December 2020 (quarter IV), the lower inflation rate was caused by limited demand due to the implementation of Restrictions on the activities of the Javanese Community West (PPKM) and controlling the supply of food commodities because the harvest has just begun for several food commodities, including red chili. Red chilies experienced an increase in prices due to the La Nina weather factor so that farmers failed to harvest and limited supplies. In an effort to maintain price affordability and supply availability to mitigate existing risks. Assistance is provided to the red chili cluster in the Mekar Mulya farmer group with the aim of supporting the TPID program with a 4K framework (Price Affordability, Supply Availability, Smooth Distribution, and Effective Communication)

TINJAUAN KRITIS TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN HARGA GABAH DAN BERAS DI INDONESIA

<p>The government intervened in unhulled rice and rice price policies which require a large budget and is faced with a trade off between protecting producers and consumers. There is also a rice trading system that has an interest in creating profits. This condition creates obstacles in achieving policy objectives. The objectives of this paper are (1) to analyze the effectiveness of unhulled rice and rice price policies and factors that affect policy effectiveness and (2) to formulate policy recommendations in minimizing side effects. Analysis using secondary data and literature review methods. Results showed that with the support of other rice policies, the price policy had achieved its goal of stabilizing prices and supporting economic stability. However, it is not yet effective enough to protect farmers' income and affordability of rice prices and safeguard government rice reserves. Pricing policies need to be carried out selectively with a clear target date and be accompanied by policy instruments for farmer income and food consumption flexibility, as well as encouraging farmer independence. Farmers can be facilitated to choose profitable commodities supported by an information system, market access, credit policies, input subsidies and agricultural infrastructure such as irrigation.</p>

PERSEPSI HARGA BERPENGARUH TERHADAP MINAT MEMBELI DI THE 18th RESTAURANT AND LOUNGE THE TRANS LUXURY HOTEL BANDUNG

Today, the world of tourism, especially in the hotel industry, is required to be able to serve various consumers and to be able to provide the best possible products. One of the means to carry out the food service industry is a restaurant. The number of hotel competitors currently triggers a hotel to continue to develop in order to create good quality for the community. Not only is the product the main factor in attracting customer buying interest, but the price perception aspect is also an important factor in buying interest at The 18th Restaurant and Lounge. The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of price as well as its effect on buying interest at The 18th Restaurant and Lounge. This study uses a qualitative method, with the technique of taking the research subject or informant used is purposive sampling. Informants in this study amounted to 5 (five) people. More specifically, the three informants selected in this study were guests who had or had the experience of visiting The 18th Restaurant and Lounge The Trans Luxury Hotel Bandung and Restaurant Manager. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation and the data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative with a constant comparative method. Checking the validity of the data used is data triangulation. The results of this study found how the customer price perception of The 18th Restaurant and Lounge, namely customers get price affordability, get a price match with the quality of the product received, and price compatibility with the benefits received causes the tendency of customers to repurchase or recommend to others. So it can be concluded that price perceptions about a product affect the emergence of customer buying interest.

Peran Bauran Pemasaran Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Generasi Milenial: Studi Jajanan Tradisional

This study aims to analyze the effect of the marketing mix of traditional snacks on purchasing decisions. The research method uses multiple regression analysis. The population in this study is the millennial generation in Jakarta. While the sample amounted to 114 respondents. The results of the research partially all the variables of the marketing mix of traditional snacks consisting of product, price, place, promotion, physical facilities, people and processes have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. To reach a large market, traditional snacks must be followed by: (1) Good product quality includes appearance, variety, taste and texture; (2) Price affordability; (3) a strategic place to sell traditional snacks such as in traditional markets, cake shops, school canteens, and food stalls near homes; (4) Advertise traditional snacks on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter; (5) The cleanliness of the place to sell traditional snacks must be paid more attention (6) The service quality of people who sell traditional jayanan products must be better; (7) The processing of traditional snacks is modern so it takes a long time. The suggestion from this research is that the promotion of traditional snacks should be improved, especially in developing social media and traditional snacks innovations. Keywords: Product, Price, Place, Promotion, Physical Facilities, People, Process, Purchase Decision

HAK KONSTITUSIONAL ATAS AIR PASCA DIHAPUSNYA UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 7 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG SUMBER DAYA AIR OLEH MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI

The purpose of this study is to examine human rights over water after the abolition of Law Number 7 of 2004 concerning Water Resources by the Constitutional Court. The research method used is normative juridical. Later there was an opinion that if the state was unable to guarantee the fulfillment of human rights over water, then the water supply was carried out by a third party. The state must regulate the appropriateness of control over water sources, affordability of prices, guarantees for water health. For the realization of these things, a system of regulation must be made. An independent regulatory body can also be formed, public participation, and sanctions against violations. In essence, every regulation issued by the local government related to water use actually makes water as "Economic goods". Commercialization and privatization of water services is not an illegal thing as long as it can improve clean water services so that public access to water also increases. Local governments should be able to understand that commercialization of water resources by setting drinking water tariffs that exceed the capacity and reasonableness of the community actually results in reduced community access to water resources, especially clean water and drinking water. The poor and marginalized are the most vulnerable groups to the failure to fulfill the right to water by the State. To see the extent to which the fulfillment of the right to water by the state apart from the perspective of the executive authority, it is necessary to look at court decisions that can reflect the fulfillment of the right to water especially after the abolition of Law Number 7 of 2004 concerning Water Resources by the Constitutional Court and return to Law Number 11 of 1974 concerning Irrigation.

COVID-19 Vaccine: A Case of Compulsory Licensing for Social Utility!

After a long and tough battle with COVID-19, people were given a ray of hope with the emergence of vaccines across the globe. However, it is safe to say that things have not quite gone according to plan. Vaccine shortages, debates over patents, hoarding, re-infections despite vaccines etc. have taken over the discourse. In this paper, the authors seek to examine one of these aspects: the need to treat vaccines as a “social utility” tool essential for saving lives worldwide. We will delve into the compulsory licensing prospects in India, the debate around the recent patent-waiver calls on vaccines, and the dilemma between IP rights and social utility for COVID-19 vaccines. India and South Africa have led the calls for this waiver based on concerns of supply and price affordability. In this backdrop, we shed light on the process and need for compulsory licensing for the vaccine in India and how, in a sense, India is contradicting its call on the international front and its efforts back home, domestically. “Necessity is the mother of innovation” – but what happens when that innovation does not reach those for whom it is a necessity? The legal dilemma arises when the jurisprudence of public welfare entangles with the jurisprudence of patent law under the principles of Intellectual Property Rights.The epidemic of COVID-19 has led to the development of the COVID-19 vaccine. The pharmaceutical sector has been upfront to develop a cure to bring normalcy back into the world. There have been billions of dollars invested to develop the vaccine and the institutions have secured a patent on the technology and the formula. The conclusive standing shall be observed by understanding the legislative intent under the Indian Patents Act 1970 (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”).

The connectedness of house price affordability (HPA) and rental price affordability (RPA) measures

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between house price affordability (HPA) and rental price affordability (RPA) in New Zealand. The cointegration of HPA and RPA is of particular focus given rising house prices and rising rents.Design/methodology/approachThe study examines the lead-lad correlation between HPA and RPA. The method uses a generalised least square technique and the development of an ordinary least squares model.FindingsThe study shows that there is an existence of cointegration and unidirectional statistical causality effects between HPA and RPA across 11 regions in New Zealand. Furthermore, Auckland, Wellington and Canterbury are the three regions in which the results detect the most extreme effects amongst HPA and RPA compared to other places in the country. Extended empirical work shows interesting results that there are lead-lag effects of HPA and RPA on each other and on mortgage rates at the national scale. These effects are consistent for both methods but are changed at individual lead-lag variables and amongst different regions.Originality/valueThe study empirically provides useful insight for both academia and practitioners. Particularly in examining the long-run effects, cointegration and forecasting of the volatile interactions between HPA and RPA.

POTENSI KAIN SHIBORI SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENGUATAN KETAHANAN EKONOMI DALAM MENGHADAPI MASA PANDEMI

This community service aims to increase the motivation of young people to have an entrepreneurial spirit in the midst of a pandemic. Community service activities consist of trauma healing and entrepreneurship training. Entrepreneurship training in the form of making cloth and shibori t-shirts. During the pandemic, the rate of psychological disorders reached 64.8%. Some of the effects of these disorders are anxiety (65%), depression (62%) and trauma (75%). Therefore, trauma healing is expected to reduce anxiety, depression and trauma. Then continued with entrepreneurship training to restart, motivate creativity and increase optimism among young people with activities that have economic value to survive during the pandemic. The selection of shibori fabrics and shirts is due to the ease of obtaining raw materials, affordability of prices and good business prospects. The subjects of the service are Ikatan Pelajar Nahdlatul Ulama (IPNU) and Ikatan Pelajar Putri Nahdlatul Ulama (IPPNU) Pimpinan Cabang Boyolali as representatives of youth in the Boyolali Regency area. The service was held at the Kemasan Village Hall, Sawit, Boyolali. The results show that community service activities are able to reduce the level of psychological disorders and are able to increase the motivation of young people to become entrepreneurs. The indicators are attitude (sig. 0.005), subjective norm (sig. 0.000) and perceived behavioral control (0.047) have a significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship. The hope is that after carrying out community service and providing assistance for the shibori cloth and shirt business, it will be able to improve the family economy and in aggregate be able to create economic resilience during the pandemic.