Previous Diagnosis Of Diabetes Research Articles

Correlation of Visceral Fat Area with Metabolic Risk Factors in Romanian Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Background and Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between visceral fat area (VFA), estimated by bioimpedance, and cardiovascular risk factors independent of BMI and waist circumference in a cohort of Romanian patients. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, in which were collected data from 751 patients ≥18 years of age from Cluj-Napoca. Anthropometric, biochemistry, body composition and medical history parameters were recorded from patients’ files. Results: Compared with the participants with VFA <100 cm2, those with VFA ≥100 cm2 had significantly worse levels of the laboratory parameters describing the glycemic metabolism, lipid metabolism and liver functions (p <0.05 for all). A higher percentage of participants with VFA ≥100 cm2 had diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-HDL cholesterolemia (p <0.05 for all). VFA was correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total and LDL-cholesterol levels, triglycerides, ALT, previous diagnosis of diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-HDL cholesterolemia independent of BMI and waist circumference. Conclusions: Among this cohort of Romanian adults, an increasing level of visceral adiposity was correlated with worse lipid and glucose metabolism parameters as well as with increased levels of ALT, which probably reflects liver fat deposition.

Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Peru: report from PERUDIAB, a national urban population-based longitudinal study

ObjectivesWe aimed to estimate the prevalences of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in a national sample in Peru and assess the relationships with selected sociodemographic variables.MethodsWe estimated prevalence in...

A Mobile Health Service to Manage Diabetic Foot in Homeless Patients.

Homeless people live in poverty, with limited access to public health services. They are likely to experience chronic medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus; however, they do not always receive the necessary services to prevent complications. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of a volunteer health service outreach to reduce disparity in diabetic foot care for homeless people. The research was conducted on 21 patients with diabetic ulcers of 930 homeless people visited between 2008 and 2013. Each ulcer was treated with regular medication every week for a mean ± SD of 17.6 ± 12 months. The inclusion criteria were 1) homeless with a previous diagnosis of diabetes or a blood glucose level greater than 126 mg/dL at first check and 2) foot ulcer caused by diabetic vasculopathy or neuropathy. The efficacy of the interventions was assessed against the number of successfully cured diabetic feet based on a reduced initial Wagner classification score for each ulcer. Clinical improvement was observed in 18 patients (86%), whose pathologic condition was completely resolved after 3 years and, therefore, no longer needed medication. One patient died of septic shock and kidney failure, and two patients needed amputation owing to clinical worsening of ulcers (Wagner class 4 at the last visit). Most homeless people who have diabetes and diabetic foot encounter many difficulties managing their disease, and a volunteer health-care unit could be a suitable option to bridge these gaps.

Inpatient HbA1c testing: a prospective observational study

ObjectiveTo use admission inpatient glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing to help investigate the prevalence of unrecognized diabetes, the cumulative prevalence of unrecognized and known diabetes, and the prevalence of poor glycemic...

Negative effect of a previous diagnosis of diabetes on quality of life in a Japanese population: The Gifu Diabetes Study.

To evaluate the effect of a previous indication of hyperglycemia or previous diagnosis of diabetes on quality of life (QOL) in a randomly selected population from Gifu City, Japan. In total, 452 males and 648 females were enrolled in this study. We collected information on previous indications of hyperglycemia and previous diagnoses of diabetes using a self-reported questionnaire. Participants also completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life-26 (WHOQOL-26) questionnaire and provided blood samples for the measurement of fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was also performed. We compared QOL scores between the previous indication of hyperglycemia group and previous diagnosis of the diabetes group to those of the control group. WHOQOL-26 scores were significantly lower in the previous diagnosis of diabetes group than in the control group (3.23±0.43 vs. 3.45±0.43; p<0.01). However, WHOQOL-26 scores in the previous indication of hyperglycemia group were not significantly different from those of the control group. Lowering of WHOQOL-26 scores was significantly affected by the previous diagnosis of diabetes not by the plasma glucose levels. Our study suggests that a previous diagnosis of diabetes has a negative effect on QOL in a Japanese population. Health promotion and education that take QOL into account should be considered for people diagnosed with diabetes.

Carotid atherosclerosis severity in relation to glycemic status: A cross-sectional population study

ObjectiveIntima-media thickness (IMT) is increased in subjects with prediabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes. However, no previous studies have evaluated the relationship between the severity of carotid atherosclerosis, assessed by the presence of carotid plaques or stenosis, and the glycemic status, assessed either by fasting glucose, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or A1C levels. MethodsCross-sectional analysis of 1475 subjects (mean age 62 years, 44% males), randomly selected from the population. A fasting blood sample was obtained to determine glucose, lipids, and A1C levels. An OGTT was performed in non-diabetic subjects. Carotid atherosclerosis was evaluated by echo-doppler. ResultsA 10.5% of the population had a previous diagnosis of diabetes. Of the 1320 non-diabetic participants, 349 (26.4%) had normal fasting glucose, normal glucose tolerance and A1C < 5.7%, and were considered controls. Prediabetes was diagnosed in 850 subjects (64.4%), and diabetes was newly diagnosed in 121 (9.2%). The prevalence of patients with carotid plaques was 34.2% in controls, 45.1% in prediabetics, 64.2% in newly diagnosed diabetics, and 72.9% in established diabetic patients. These numbers were 0.3%, 1.1%, 5.0% and 7.7% for carotid stenosis, respectively. In multivariate analysis, glycemic status remained significantly associated with the prevalence of carotid plaques after adjusting for age, sex, statin treatment, and cardiovascular risk factors. ConclusionsGlycemic status is associated with all grades of carotid atherosclerosis, from early signs, as demonstrated by the IMT, to intermediate degrees, as demonstrated by the presence of carotid plaques, to advance atherosclerosis, as established by the presence of carotid stenosis.

An assessment of community health workers' ability to screen for cardiovascular disease risk with a simple, non-invasive risk assessment instrument in Bangladesh, Guatemala, Mexico, and South Africa: an observational study.

SummaryBackgroundCardiovascular disease contributes substantially to the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in low-income and middle-income countries, which also often have substantial health personnel shortages. In this observational study we investigated whether community health workers could do community-based screenings to predict cardiovascular disease risk as effectively as could physicians or nurses, with a simple, non-invasive risk prediction indicator in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsThis observation study was done in Bangladesh, Guatemala, Mexico, and South Africa. Each site recruited at least ten to 15 community health workers based on usual site-specific norms for required levels of education and language competency. Community health workers had to reside in the community where the screenings were done and had to be fluent in that community’s predominant language. These workers were trained to calculate an absolute cardiovascular disease risk score with a previously validated simple, non-invasive screening indicator. Community health workers who successfully finished the training screened community residents aged 35–74 years without a previous diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, or heart disease. Health professionals independently generated a second risk score with the same instrument and the two sets of scores were compared for agreement. The primary endpoint of this study was the level of direct agreement between risk scores assigned by the community health workers and the health professionals.FindingsOf 68 community health worker trainees recruited between June 4, 2012, and Feb 8, 2013, 42 were deemed qualified to do fieldwork (15 in Bangladesh, eight in Guatemala, nine in Mexico, and ten in South Africa). Across all sites, 4383 community members were approached for participation and 4049 completed screening. The mean level of agreement between the two sets of risk scores was 96 8% (weighted κ =0 948, 95% CI 0 936–0 961) and community health workers showed that 263 (6%) of 4049 people had a 5-year cardiovascular disease risk of greater than 20%.InterpretationHealth workers without formal professional training can be adequately trained to effectively screen for, and identify, people at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Using community health workers for this screening would free up trained health professionals in low-resource settings to do tasks that need high levels of formal, professional training.FundingUS National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Institutes of Health, UnitedHealth Chronic Disease Initiative.

Value of testing glycated hemoglobin in non-diabetic patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome

Objectives: To estimate the proportion of patients with no previous diagnosis of diabetes admitted with acute coronary syndrome having normal, impaired fasting glucose and diabetes on fasting blood glucose testing and normal, pre-diabetes and diabetes on glycated hemoglobin. To compare the clinical profiles of patients with acute coronary syndrome with no diabetes according to both tests, with those having no diabetes on fasting blood glucose but having diabetes according to glycated hemoglobin. Methods: In a cross sectional study, fasting blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin were estimated in 125 patients without a previous history of diabetes admitted with acute coronary syndrome. Glycemic category was ascertained according to fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels recommended by the American Diabetes Association. Results: According to glycated hemoglobin testing, 47% and 53% of patients with acute coronary syndrome had diabetes and pre diabetes respectively. The corresponding percentages in each category according to fasting blood glucose testing were six (4%) and twenty (16%). There were no significant differences in the mean age, body mass index or waist circumference of patients in the categories with no diabetes on both testing methods and diabetes only on glycated hemoglobin testing. Conclusions: According to glycated hemoglobin testing, every patient with acute coronary syndrome has either diabetes or pre diabetes. Compared to fasting blood glucose testing alone, additional testing for glycated hemoglobin in patients with acute coronary syndrome increase the number of patients with newly diagnosed diabetes by eight fold and pre diabetes by two and a half fold. Sri Lanka Journal of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism 2015; 5: 4-7

Prevalence Of Metabolic Syndrome And Individual Criterion In Hispanic American Adolescents In The U.s.

PURPOSE: Examine prevalence estimates of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) utilizing a modified definition in Hispanic American adolescents and the individual criterion making up MetS utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This study was a descriptive analysis using a secondary data analysis approach from the 2001-2010 NHANES. METHODS: The study sample (N=9,655) was adolescents aged 12 to 19 years and reported their ethnicity as Mexican American or Other Hispanic only. The final sample consisted of 1,272 U.S. adolescents who met the following criteria: 1) completed an in-home interview; 2) attended the medical examination center following an overnight fast; 3) if female, not pregnant; 4) had complete data of all study variables (i.e., glucose, lipoproteins, blood pressure, and waist circumference); and 5) no previous diagnosis of diabetes. All data was collected by trained staff, which included the in-home interview questionnaires and standardized medical tests. In this study, MetS was defined as having three of the following conditions: waist circumference >= 90th percentile (sex-specific), elevated blood pressure (>= 90th percentile (age, height, sex-specific), elevated triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and impaired fasting glucose. RESULTS: Metabolic Syndrome was prevalent in 14.2% of the population of Hispanic American adolescents (14.8% Mexican American, (MA) and 11.1% Other Hispanics (OH)). Waist circumference was the only individual criterion that was significantly different between MA and OH 48.3% vs. 39.9% respectively. Waist circumference was significantly different amongst gender and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic Syndrome is becoming more prevalent in all genders and ethnicities. However, the Hispanic population the prevalence is increasing. Understanding the difference between the different Hispanic populations may allow public health personnel to focus directly on specific areas to reduce the most prevalent criterion.

Behavior of blood glucose level with the administration of micronutrients vitamin d3 and calcium in nondiabetic patients with hyperglycemia in adult intensive care unit

Hyperglycemia without previous history of diabetes mellitus (DM) is observed in a high percentage of patients in intensive care units (ICU). To determine the behavior of glycemia in nondiabetic patients with hyperglycemia by administering two micronutrients. A clinical trial was conducted in 32 patients, 16 in the intervention group and 16 in the control group. To the intervention group was given, since the admission, the micronutrients vitamin D3 in doses of 1.000 international units (IU) and calcium in doses 1.000 mg every 24 hours, for a period of 72 hours. No significant differences were observed in blood glucose income between the intervention and control groups (152,6 and 153,3 mg / dl, respectively p = 0,922), but after 72 hours the behavior of the glycemia decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (98,41 and 141,6 mg / dl respectively p 100 mg/ dl), showing that 2,29 patients should be treated to decrease an undesirable event (NNT). The use of the analyzed micronutrients in critically ill patients with no previous diagnosis of diabetes requires more research that addresses te limitations posed here. Due to the limited literature found about similar studies, this investigation would provide another alternative for reducing hyperglycemia in these patients.

Different socioeconomic inequalities exist in terms of the prevention, diagnosis and control of diabetes.

To evaluate socioeconomic disadvantage in prevalence, awareness and control of diabetes in universal coverage healthcare system. Data from the fifth KNHNES (2010-12) were analyzed. The sample included 10,208 individuals with diabetes aged ≥30 years. Diabetes was defined by (i) a self-reported previous diagnosis of diabetes made by a physician, (ii) the current use of oral hypoglycaemic agents and/or insulin or (iii) fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dl. Subjects who were first diagnosed by the survey were classified as 'undiagnosed'. Inadequate control was defined as HbA1c ≥6.5%. It was estimated that 26.4% of subjects with diabetes were not aware of their condition and 73.1% of cases of diabetes were not adequately controlled. Inequalities in socioeconomic status were related to the diabetes prevalence in both men and women. Educational level was not predictive of diagnosis or control in men or women, whereas lower household income level was associated with diagnosis in men only. This widespread lack of awareness and inadequate control underscore the need for intensive efforts in these domains. Monitoring is expected to highlight the gaps in the preventive and care services offered to the most vulnerable individuals and it may induce governments and practitioners to address these issues.

Awareness, treatment and control of cardiometabolic disorders in Chinese adults with diabetes: a national representative population study.

BackgroundThe diagnosis of diabetes has important clinic implications for the prevention and management of cardiometabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and dyslipidemia in previously-diagnosed and newly-diagnosed diabetes in Chinese adult population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative sample of 98658 Chinese adults aged 18 years or older in 2010, using a complex, multistage, probability sampling design. Glycemic status were defined according to the 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria. Hypertension was diagnosed by the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed by the 2004 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia gradually increased in adults with normal glucose regulation, prediabetes, newly-diagnosed diabetes and previously-diagnosed diabetes. Compared to newly-diagnosed diabetes patients, previously-diagnosed diabetes patients were more likely to be aware of hypertension (weighted percentage [95% confidence interval]: 55.2% [52.9%-57.5%] vs 37.6% [35.9%-39.3%]) and dyslipidemia (33.9% [31.8%-36.1%] vs 12.8% [11.7%-13.9%]), to receive blood pressure-lowing (43.7% [41.5%-46.0%] vs 27.5% [26.0%-29.0%]) and lipid-lowering (18.9% [17.2%-20.7%] vs 5.4% [4.6%-6.2%]) therapies, and to have controlled blood pressure (4.7% [3.5%-6.2%] vs 3.5% [2.6%-4.8%]) and lipid (15.9% [12.3%-20.3%] vs 9.5% [6.4%-13.8%]) levels.ConclusionsDetection and control of hypertension and dyslipidemia is far from optimal in Chinese adults, especially in newly-diagnosed diabetes. Improved screening for diabetes is required to promote a better prevention, treatment and control of hypertension and dyslipidemia in China.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-015-0191-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The ketosis-prone diabetes diagnosis dilemma-a case report

Results A 16-year-old African American male was brought to emergency with abdominal pain, vomiting, lack of appetite and loss of 13kg (regular weight 152Kg, BMI 42.5kg/m). Evaluation detected dehydration, blood glucose of 550mg/dL, acidosis and ketonemia. There was no previous diagnosis of diabetes. He received management for DKA, with fluid therapy and regular insulin via continuous intravenous infusion (around 100-140UI/ day) for 4 days. Subcutaneous insulin regimen with NPH and regular at meals was initiated after correction of acidosis. He kept capillary glycemia around 250mg/ dL despite increasing doses of insulin and exclusion of other pathologies. Detectable C-peptide (1.32; 0.785.19ng/mL), negative glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (anti-GAD), along with laboratory tests done a year ago showing fasting plasma glucose of 117mg/dL and glycated hemoglobin (A1c) of 6.2%, justified starting metformin 850mg/day. Patient evolved with marked improvement of glycemic control and was discharged. He returned at the diabetes clinic after 1 month, bringing his self-monitoring showing capillary blood glucose between 60-130mg/dL and A1c of 9.3%. Insulin was gradually reduced and metformin increased to maximum dose, leading to KPD hypothesis. Patient is currently receiving outpatient treatment and waiting result of HLA assessment.

Type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: The influence of changing diagnostic criteria.

A previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes (GDM) carries a lifetime risk of progression to type 2 diabetes of up to 60%. Identification of those women at higher risk of progression to diabetes allows the timely introduction of measures to delay or prevent diabetes onset. However, there is a large degree of variability in the literature with regard to the proportion of women with a history of GDM who go on to develop diabetes. Heterogeneity between cohorts with regard to diagnostic criteria used, duration of follow-up, and the characteristics of the study population limit the ability to make meaningful comparisons across studies. As the new International Association for Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group criteria are increasingly adopted worldwide, the prevalence of GDM is set to increase by two-to three-fold. Here, we review the literature to examine the evolution of diagnostic criteria for GDM, the implications of changing criteria on the proportion of women with previous GDM progressing to diabetes, and how the use of different diagnostic criteria may influence the development of appropriate follow-up strategies.

Number of Antihypertensive Drugs at 1 Year After Kidney Transplantation

High blood pressure (BP) affects up to 90% of kidney transplant recipients and is associated with lower patient and graft survival rates. Kidney Disease/Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines suggest maintaining BP at lower than 130/80 mm Hg. Multidrug therapy is usually required for the control of BP in this population. Our aim was to analyze the number of antihypertensive drugs used in our kidney transplantation population at 1 year after transplantation and their influence on graft and patient outcome. We included 411 deceased-donor kidney transplantation cases; data were obtained from a prospectively maintained institutional database. BP was measured at the outpatient clinic. Approximately 97 patients were not under antihypertensive therapy, whereas 130, 119, 52, and 13 received 1, 2, 3, or 4 antihypertensive drugs, respectively. The number of antihypertensive drugs was significantly related to lower patient survival rates independently of a previous diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes, recipient age and sex and renal function at 1-year. After multivariate linear regression analysis high body mass index, male gender of recipients, donor hypertension, previous acute rejection, and cyclosporine therapy were risk factors independently related to a higher number of antihypertensive drugs. To conclude, the number of antihypertensive drugs is an objective and easy-to-measure marker related to lower patient survival rates. Recipient body mass index, type of calcineurin inhibitor, and acute rejection are modifiable risk factors whose control can help to reduce the number of antihypertensive drugs needed to treat high BP in the kidney transplantation population.

Effect of socio-economic status on the prevalence of diabetes.

PurposeAs Korean society has become industrialized and westernized, the prevalence of diabetes has increased rapidly. Environmental factors, especially socio-economic status (SES), may account for the increased prevalence of diabetes. We evaluated the associations between the prevalence of diabetes and SES as reflected by household income and education level.Materials and MethodsThis study was based on data obtained from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted in 2010-2012. Diabetes referred to a fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL in the absence of known diabetes, previous diagnosis of diabetes made by a physician, and/or current use of oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin.ResultsHousehold income and education level were inversely associated with the prevalence of diabetes among individuals aged 30 years or older. These associations were more prominent in females aged 30-64 years. According to household income, the odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for the lowest quartile group versus the highest quartile group was 4.96 (2.87-8.58). According to education level, the OR (95% CI) for the lowest quartile group versus the highest quartile group was 8.02 (4.47-14.4).ConclusionPublic policies for the prevention and management of diabetes should be targeted toward people of lower SES, especially middle-aged females.

JBDS guideline for the use of VRIII in medical patients – a commentary

Variable rate intravenous insulin infusion (VRIII) – previously sliding scale insulin – is an established methodology to achieve normoglycaemia in hospital patients with severe hyperglycaemia. However there are several different sliding scales, even within the same hospital. This new guideline is designed for use by any healthcare professional responsible for the care of acutely unwell patients who present with hyperglycaemia – with or without a previous diagnosis of diabetes. It offers practical guidance on use of VRIII and patient transition to other glucose-lowering therapy on stabilisation.

Blood spot–based measures of glucose homeostasis and diabetes prevalence in a nationally representative population of young US adults

PurposeWe investigated understudied biomarker-based diabetes among young US adults, traditionally characterized by low cardiovascular disease risk. MethodsWe examined 15,701 participants aged 24 to 32 years at Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health, 2008). The study used innovative and relatively noninvasive methods to collect capillary whole blood via finger prick at in-home examinations in all 50 states. ResultsAssays of dried blood spots produced reliable and accurate values of HbA1c. Reliability was lower for fasting glucose and lowest for random glucose. Mean (SD) HbA1c was 5.6% (0.8%). More than a quarter (27.4%) had HbA1c-defined prediabetes. HbA1c was highest in the black, non-Hispanic race/ethnic group, inversely associated with education, and more common among the overweight/obese and physically inactive. The prevalence of diabetes defined by previous diagnosis or use of antidiabetic medication was 2.9%. Further incorporating HbA1c and glucose values, the prevalence increased to 6.8%, and among these participants, 38.9% had a previous diagnosis of diabetes (i.e., aware). Among those aware, 37.6% were treated and 64.0% were controlled (i.e., HbA1c < 7%). ConclusionsA contemporary cohort of young adults faces a historically high risk of diabetes but there is ample opportunity for early detection and intervention.

Waist-to-hip ratio, dyslipidemia, glycemic levels, blood pressure and depressive symptoms among diabetic and non-diabetic Chinese women: a cross-sectional study.

ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and waist-to-hip ratio, dyslipidemia, glycemic levels or blood pressure among diabetic and non-diabetic Chinese women.Methods11,908 women aged ≥40 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, including 2,511 with type 2 diabetes and 9,397 without. Depressive symptoms (defined as having mild-to-severe depressive symptoms) were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) diagnostic algorithm. The prevalence and the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for having depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe age-adjusted prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in non-diabetic subjects with waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) ≥0.9 (8.6%, age-adjusted OR 1.51 [95% CI 1.17, 1.95]), total cholesterol (TC)>6.22 mmol/L (8.8%, 1.58 [1.16, 2.15]), and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.00 mmol/L (7.7%, 1.69 [1.34, 2.14]), while it was significantly lower in non-diabetic subjects with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 80 to 89 mmHg (6.2%, 0.78 [0.64, 0.95]). These relationships remained significant even after controlling for multiple factors (WHR ≥0.9: multivariable-adjusted OR 1.39 [95% CI 1.07, 1.80]; TC>6.22 mmol/L: 1.56 [1.14, 2.12]; HbA1c ≥6.00 mmol/L: 1.64 [1.30, 2.08]; DBP 80-89 mmHg: 0.78 [0.64, 0.95]). However, no significant trend between depressive symptoms and WHC, TC, HbA1c, DBP was observed in diabetic women, and no significant trend relationship between depressive symptoms and BMI, WC, TG, or SBP was observed in both non-diabetic and diabetic women. Moreover, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in previously-diagnosed diabetes, compared with non-diabetic subjects, while no significant differences were observed between newly-diagnosed diabetes and non-diabetic subjects.ConclusionThe present study showed a relationship between WHR, TC, HbA1c, DBP and depressive symptoms among non-diabetic women, while no significant relationship between them was observed among diabetic women, even after controlling for multiple confounding factors.

Added sugars and periodontal disease in young adults: an analysis of NHANES III data

Added sugar consumption seems to trigger a hyperinflammatory state and may result in visceral adiposity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. These conditions are risk factors for periodontal disease. However, the role of sugar intake in the cause of periodontal disease has not been adequately studied. We evaluated the association between the frequency of added sugar consumption and periodontal disease in young adults by using NHANES III data. Data from 2437 young adults (aged 18-25 y) who participated in NHANES III (1988-1994) were analyzed. We estimated the frequency of added sugar consumption by using food-frequency questionnaire responses. We considered periodontal disease to be present in teeth with bleeding on probing and a probing depth ≥3 mm at one or more sites. We evaluated this outcome as a discrete variable in Poisson regression models and as a categorical variable in multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age, race-ethnicity, education, poverty-income ratio, tobacco exposure, previous diagnosis of diabetes, and body mass index. A high consumption of added sugars was associated with a greater prevalence of periodontal disease in middle [prevalence ratio (PR): 1.39; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.89] and upper (PR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.85) tertiles of consumption in the adjusted Poisson regression model. The upper tertile of added sugar intake was associated with periodontal disease in ≥2 teeth (PR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.52) but not with periodontal disease in only one tooth (PR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.34) in the adjusted multinomial logistic regression model. A high frequency of consumption of added sugars is associated with periodontal disease, independent of traditional risk factors, suggesting that this consumption pattern may contribute to the systemic inflammation observed in periodontal disease and associated noncommunicable diseases.