Prevention System Research Articles

Survival analysis of gynecological cancers in Southeast China, 2011–2020: A population-based study

PurposeTo analyze the survival outcomes of female patients with cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers in Southeast China (Fujian Province) from 2011 to 2020 and to provide a reference basis for prognostic evaluation and prevention of gynecological malignancies. MethodsThe data of 5823 patients with cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers registered in the Fujian Provincial Cancer Prevention and Control System from 2011 to 2020 were enrolled for survival analysis and further stratified by age at diagnosis and township. Survival time was calculated up to March 30, 2022, and relative survival (RS) and age-standardized RS were calculated according to the International Cancer Survival Standards (ICSS). ResultsDuring 2011–2015, the 5-year RS for cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers were 64.3 %, 64.2 %, and 44.7 %, respectively, while the age-standardized 5-year RS were 56.8 %, 47.9 %, and 27.9 %, respectively. During 2016–2020, the 5-year RS for cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers were 72.3 %, 78.9 %, and 50.8 %, respectively, while the age-standardized 5-year RS were 64.5 %, 54.6 %, and 34.2 %, respectively. The 5-year RS for cervical and ovarian cancer all declined with age, while the 5-year RS for uterine cancer was highest at 45–54 years and lowest at 75 years. In addition, survival rates were broadly higher in urban than rural areas. ConclusionSurvival rates for cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers have generally increased in the population covered by the Fujian Cancer Registry. However, survival rates remain lower than in developed countries. Emphasis should be placed on gynecological cancer screening and the introduction of effective treatments to improve survival rates for gynecological cancers.

Study on Prevention System Construction of Coal Mine Gas Accident

Study on Prevention System Construction of Coal Mine Gas Accident

Community-based diet and obesity-related policy, system, and environmental interventions for obesity prevention during the first 1000 days: A scoping review.

Community-based policy, systems, and environmental interventions have the potential to reduce modifiable risk factors for obesity early in life. The purpose of this scoping review was to characterize the breadth, generalizability, and methodological quality of community-based diet and obesity-related policy, system, and environmental interventions during the first 1000 days of life, from pregnancy to 24 months of age. Eight databases were searched, and 83 studies (122 references) were included. Data were extracted for breadth (intervention characteristics), generalizability (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance), and study quality (Downs and Black Checklist). Systems and environmental approaches were common (> 80%), relative to policy approaches (39%). The majority (60-69%) occurred in the prenatal period and early infancy (0-3months), assessed breastfeeding or child growth/obesity (53% for both), and included people with lower income (80%) or racial and/or ethnic minority groups (63%). Many interventions reported positive outcomes (i.e., in the expected direction) for child diet, breastfeeding, and feeding practices (> 62%). Few reported intervention maintenance or spanned the full 1000 days. Most studies were classified as good (32%) or fair (56%) methodological quality. The interventions mainly addressed pregnancy and early infancy. Rigorous and representative investigation is needed to improve intervention reach, sustainability, and application in toddlerhood.

Incidence Rate and Risk Factors for Developing Active Tuberculosis Among People Living With HIV in Georgia 2019-2020 Cohort.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people with HIV (PHIV) globally. Our study is the first to evaluate TB incidence and its risk factors among PHIV in the country of Georgia, where previously no data were available. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among persons newly diagnosed with HIV in Georgia during 2019-2020. Active TB incidence was calculated within a minimum of 2-year follow-up period from HIV diagnosis. Cox proportional hazard model was used for evaluating risk factors for TB development. The median age in the final cohort of 1165 PHIV was 38 (interquartile range, 30-48) and 76.3% were male. Twenty-nine percent of patients had a CD4 cell count <200 at HIV diagnosis and 89.9% initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART). TB incidence rate was 10/1000 person-years (p-y; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6-10.4), with rates being higher within several subgroups, mainly: PHIV aged 40-49 years (17.5/1 000 p-y [95% CI, 16.8-18.2]); those not receiving ART (22/1000 p-y [95% CI, 20.9-23.1]); those with CD4 < 200 at baseline (28/1000 p-y [95% CI, 27.4-28.6]); and those who developed AIDS (29.1/1 000 p-y [95% CI, 28.6-29.6]). Age (aHR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.03-1.39; P = .01) and AIDS diagnosis (aHR, 3.2; 95% CI, 3.06-27.9; P = .001) were associated with TB development, whereas high CD4 count was protective against TB (aHR, 0.18; 95% CI, .06-.61; P = .005). Study results highlight an imperative role of CD4 cell count management and the need for early HIV diagnosis and timely initiation of ART to ensure an effective immune response against tuberculosis, stressing the need for further in-depth evaluation of the TB preventive treatment delivery system's efficiency and gaps.

An opportunity missed: Strengthening health system data on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children from low- and middle-income countries in Asia

BackgroundMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe complication associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical epidemiology of MIS-C is not completely understood in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to limited reporting, including in Asia where there was a substantial burden of COVID-19. We aimed to discuss the challenges of diagnosing MIS-C and factors which may cause children from Asian LMICs to have an increased risk of MIS-C. MethodsNot applicable. ResultsThe burden of MIS-C in Asian LMICs may be disproportionately high due to underlying risk factors, resource-limited health systems, and the increased infectivity and transmissibility of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants. Complex clinical features of MIS-C contributed to missed or delayed diagnosis and treatment, while underlying risk factors including ethnicity, chronic health conditions, and socioeconomic factors may have predisposed children in Asian LMICs to MIS-C. ConclusionsThere was a lack of data on the clinical epidemiology of MIS-C in Asian LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite reports of higher paediatric mortality rates compared to high-income countries. This highlights the need for LMICs to have strong surveillance systems to collect high-quality and timely data on newly emerging complications associated with a pandemic, such as MIS-C. This will lead to rapid understanding of these emerging complications, and inform clinical management, disease prevention and health system planning.

How do storm surge disaster losses affect economic development?: Perspectives from disaster prevention and mitigation capacity

Storm surge disasters have caused devastating losses to coastal areas, making disaster prevention and mitigation capacity (DPMC) critical in promoting high-quality and sustainable economic development. In this paper, the systematic construction of a comprehensive index of storm surge disaster losses (SSDLs) and DPMC in China is described respectively. Then, panel fixed effect and threshold models are established to explore the relationship between SSDLs and economic growth, in particular, the moderating effect of DPMC. Our results reveal that, from 2006 to 2019, SSDLs exhibit an inverted N-shaped trend, with losses gradually decreasing from south to north. DPMC has been increasing but has visible spatial differences. Notably, SSDLs have a significant negative impact on economic development in China's coastal areas, however, DPMC can play an effective role in mitigating and regulating these negative shocks. With the continuous improvement of China's disaster prevention and mitigation system, SSDLs can be largely offset. Heterogeneity analysis shows that DPMC is most effective in the sample with a high SSDL, low DPMC, and in the southern marine economic circle in China. Further, the robustness tests are ensured by replacing measurement method, replacing GDP per capita with night-time lighting data, and replacing econometric models. Importantly, our study highlights the crucial non-linear role of DPMC in reducing the losses caused by storm surge disasters and promoting sustainable economic development. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to improve capacity building and subjectivity, regional cooperation and ensure the economic resilience of coastal areas in the face of storm surge disasters.

Study on the Causes and Countermeasures of Enterprise Financial Risk

In the environment of fierce competition, the financial security of enterprises becomes extremely important. Enterprise financial security is a key issue in enterprise operation, which directly affects the survival and development of an enterprise. Therefore, enterprises should always pay attention to their financial situation, improve risk awareness, and establish a sound financial risk prevention system. Business management should take appropriate action to respond to changing domestic and international trends. This paper analyzes the financial risk of the company, and studies preventive measures according to the analysis results to reduce the financial risk of the company and improve the market competitiveness of the company in the challenging competitive environment, so as to provide guarantee for the sustainable development of the company.

Enhancing physically-based flood forecasts through fusion of long short-term memory neural network with unscented Kalman filter

Accurate flood forecasts are vital for reservoir operation and flood prevention. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) excels in improving physically-based models flood forecasting but depends on precise noise estimation, posing challenges in complex uncertainty quantification. In this study, we propose a novel approach, the deep fusion of a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and unscented Kalman filter (LSTM-UKF), to enhance flood forecasts by adaptively updating hydrological model states. The LSTM efficiently learns noise-related information from the estimation of Kalman Gain, obviating the need for intricate uncertainty recognition and approximation. For comparative analysis, the LSTM-UKF and UKF filters are constructed to correct Xinanjiang (XAJ) hydrological model states. Both filters utilize streamflow observations to update the XAJ model states and facilitate its flood forecasting performance. Comprehensive evaluations were conducted using 3-hourly meteor-hydrological sequences from the Jianxi and Tianyi basins in China, focusing on the accuracy, stability, and reliability of multi-step-ahead flood forecasts. Results indicate that the LSTM-UKF performs superior to the UKF, with maximal advancements in Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) by 9.1%, maximal reduction in root mean square error (RMSE) by 18.7%, and maximal decrease in mean absolute error (MAE) by 22.6%. Additionally, the LSTM-UKF exhibits better robustness and stability in non-stationary flood events. The proposed LSTM-UKF mitigates the over-reliance on noise estimates, reducing systematic biases and error accumulation in state estimates and enhancing hydrological model generalizability in operational flood prevention platforms and systems.

Hospital Preparedness Analysis in Disaster Management : Literature Review

Under Act No. 44 of 2009, hospitals have a responsibility to actively engage in disaster situations, provide services to victims as they can, and have an accident prevention and disaster management system. This research aims to find out how prepared some hospitals are in disaster management based on some library studies. The preparation of this article uses a method of systematic literature review using 10 articles from 2019 to 2024 from search databases, namely Google Scholar, Garuda, Sage Journals, and ScienceDirect. Although hospitals have policies and standard operational procedures to cope with disasters, the findings suggest that their implementation by health personnel is not optimal. Although disaster response teams, K3RS teams, and abuse teams have been formed, education and training efforts are still not at their maximum. Hospitals are important in disaster management, but many still need improvements such as special guidelines, infrastructure, and intensive training. Preparedness includes planning, organization, movement, control, and recovery. Ready hospitals have emergency response teams, training programs, and early warning systems.

New oscillatory features of electrodermal activity signals evaluated in automated mental workload monitoring

Oscillatory components are discriminative features of mental workload monitoring in electrodermal activity (EDA) signals. Currently, most feature extraction techniques mainly focus on time domain or linear techniques but rarely consider the non-stationary nature, individual differences, and recording noise. This study has proposed a new time–frequency feature extraction method based on Tunable Q-factor Wavelet Transform providing an effective quantification of oscillatory behavior of a single transient. The extracted features have been classified using a recurrent neural network with the advantage of dynamic mapping procedure. The proposed method has been evaluated using EDA data acquired during an arithmetic task of five workload levels with both subtle and distinct differences. In a comparative study, the effects of several decomposition parameters and cognitive factors have been explored. Experimental results have shown that it achieves an average accuracy rate of 98.52% for three workload levels discrimination by optimizing the number of features to 3 (features extracted from a low frequency sub-band) from 15 (features extracted from five frequency sub-bands), i.e., 80% feature reduction. The greatest contribution coming fromthe smallest frequency sub-bands has also been obtained. This method is superior to other existing methods in separating 3 to 5 workload levels with both distinct and subtle differences extracting effective oscillatory characteristics. Considering the merits of a simple feature extraction procedure and cost-effectiveness of a single lead EDA signal as well as high discriminability between several workload levels, it provides a trade-off between performance and computational complexity, thus demonstrating its potential for online human-error prevention systems.

Специфика криминальной субкультуры осужденных ювенального возраста: атрибутивные элементы, факторы риска, система противодействия

The presented work is part of a large study in the field of determining the main directions of training cadets and employees of penitentiary institutions to work with convicts of various categories, and in particular, with persons of juvenile age serving sentences in penitentiary institutions, in the aspect of studying the specifics of illegal behavior, the personality of this category of criminals and development of programs for their education and resocialization. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop a comprehensive prevention system, the elements of which will be the stages of personal re-information and gradual reintegration into society, carried out by employees of the penitentiary system in close cooperation with representatives of law enforcement and public organizations.

Changes in roles and feelings among "Kaigoyobou leaders" responsible for community prevention activities over 10 years

Objectives Community residents experience changes over time, including those in the care prevention system, governmental expectations, and their motivations. To support community-based prevention activities, it is necessary to clarify these changes. This study used a qualitative research method to examine changes in roles and feelings among "Kaigoyobou leaders" who had been involved in community-based care prevention activities for 10 years.Methods The study participants were nine leaders (six men and three women) who had been active in community-based care prevention for approximately 10 years. Through one-hour semi-structured interviews, we explored their current activities, reasons for taking the leader training course, changes in the content of their activities since completing the course, changes in their roles in activities and feelings about the activities, and what they recognized as important in their activities. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. From the transcripts, we extracted "concepts" related to changes among the leaders and generated "categories" to summarize the concepts.Results The analysis identified 28 concepts summarized into 12 categories. The categories included: "belief in the activities" (e.g., "focusing on preventive effects"), "learning through trial and error" (e.g., "learning continuously"), "developing the activities" (e.g., "expanding the activities"), "commitment to the community" (e.g., "valuing connections with people involved in the activities"), "increasing required roles" (e.g., "taking consultations from juniors"), "relationship with the government" (e.g., "responding to requests from the government"), "benefits from the activities" (e.g., "receiving a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction from the activities"), "burden due to the activities" (e.g., "a shortage of group members"), "aging of stakeholders" (e.g., "increasing age of the participants"), "preparing for continuity" (e.g., "new people wishing to participate"), "considering ending activities" (e.g., "reducing activities due to increasing age of the leaders themselves"), and "impact of the coronavirus."Conclusion Leaders' strong belief in their activities and their ability to adapt based on successful experiences were crucial. They responded effectively to environmental changes, including evolving government relationships. Fostering leadership belief, highlighting the benefits of activities, and supporting collaborative responses to environmental changes are essential for ongoing success.

Estimating the impact of tuberculosis pathways on transmission - what is the gap left by passive case-finding?

Current passive case-finding policies have not resulted in the expected decline in tuberculosis incidence. Recognition of the variety of disease pathways experienced by individuals with tuberculosis highlights how many are not served by the current prevention and care system, and how much transmission is missed.

Research Progress in the Prevention and Control of Hospital-acquired Infections in Neonatal Units

Neonatal hospital-acquired infections are an important problem affecting the health and life safety of newborns. This paper reviews the research progress on the prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections in neonatology, discusses the risk factors of hospital-acquired infections in neonatology, summarizes the effective preventive and control measures such as strengthening the training and education on hospital-acquired infections, reducing invasive diagnostic and therapeutic operations, implementing disinfecting and isolating measures, rationally using antibiotics, and improving immunity for newborns, etc., and introduces common monitoring and detection techniques such as bacterial culture and drug susceptibility testing, molecular biology testing techniques, and biomarker detection and application. marker detection and application, and other commonly used surveillance and detection techniques. Future research should focus on strengthening the monitoring and study of pathogen resistance, optimizing the diagnosis and treatment process, strengthening the infection prevention and control training for healthcare workers, improving the infection prevention and control system in neonatal hospitals, and carrying out multidisciplinary collaborative research, so as to effectively reduce the incidence of infections and safeguard the health and safety of neonates.

China’s GDP-at-Risk: Real-Time Monitoring, Risk Tracing, and Macroeconomic Policy Effects

Timely monitoring GDP-at-risk and tracing economic downside risk sources can help establish effective risk warning and prevention systems. This study constructs a probability distribution for China’s economic growth with skewness determined by a multidimensional predictor information set of macro fundamentals. Such a treatment allows us to identify changing drivers of economic downside risks during monitoring GDP-at-risk’s dynamic evolutionary path. We also employ a time-varying parameter vector autoregression model with random volatility to explore the heterogeneous impacts of different macroeconomic policy instruments on economic slowdowns. Our results provide empirical support for macroeconomic management and policy formulation in emerging markets. We reach three conclusions. First, the dynamics of GDP-at-risk exhibit significant event-driven characteristics, and economic downside risk increases significantly under the influence of extreme events. Moreover, the probability distribution of economic growth is asymmetric--as the downside risk of the economy increases, its upside potential increases disproportionately. Second, the time-varying risk trace of GDP-at-risk shows that the contribution of financial conditions and local government debt to economic downside risk declines. The importance of the risk-driving role of housing price growth gradually increases, suggesting that China’s property prices can provide more valuable early warning information about future growth risk, allowing time for precise preventive measures. Nevertheless, interest rates and inflation as risk divers have consistently minimal impacts. Third, the heterogeneity impulse response function of GDP-at-risk suggests that quantity-based monetary policy and fiscal policy can manage economic downside risks in the short run. In contrast, price-based monetary policy can curb economic overheating and reduce downside risks in the medium to long term. Therefore, the effect of price-based monetary policy is more sustainable in China.

The system of prevention of offences in the field of public procurement during martial law in Ukraine in comparison with the European Union

The issue of public procurement, particularly in the defence sector, has become especially pressing during the period of Russian aggression in Ukraine. The risk of corruption in this area is significant and can have fatal consequences for the state. The purpose of this article was to review the system for countering and preventing violations in the field of public procurement, which was created in response to the challenges of martial law in Ukraine. A comparison of this system with the corresponding mechanisms of the European Union was conducted. The methodological basis of the article was a dialectical approach to analysing the crime prevention system in the field of public procurement in Ukraine and worldwide. The study employed methods of formal logic, as well as systemic-structural, systematisation, generalisation, forecasting, phenomenological, comparative-legal, and comparative analysis. Scientific approaches to preventing offences in the field of public procurement in several foreign countries were examined, as well as the main rules and standards introduced in the European Union in this field. It was substantiated that the system for preventing offences in the field of public procurement under martial law in Ukraine is not optimal, and this also applies to EU countries, despite the collective international and national measures taken. It was argued that public procurement is inextricably linked with politics and is used as a tool for achieving the strategic objectives of a particular state. The issue of preventing corruption offences in the field of public procurement is extremely relevant for researchers, and the results of its thorough study will enable Ukraine to achieve significant progress in combating this phenomenon, in addition to the measures already taken by the state during martial law

Floor failure behavior and water disaster prevention system of ultra-wide opposite pulling working face mining on confined aquifer

The floor failure depth of the ultra-wide opposite pulling working face (OPWF) mining on the confined aquifer is larger, and the risk of water inrush is higher. Based on the engineering background of Binhu Coal Mine (BHCM) in North China Coalfield, this paper analyzes the distribution rule of floor support pressure in OPWF mining, carries out numerical simulation before and after roof cutting, and microseismic-electrical joint dynamic monitoring. The results show that the failure depth, vertical stress, maximum principal stress, maximum shear stress, and pore water pressure of floor after roof cutting are decreased by 28.6 %, 15.5 %, 12.1 %, 30.9 %, and 41.7 %, respectively, the stress concentration coefficient is also decreased by 19.5 %. Roof cutting blocks the propagation path of mining stress, reduces the mine pressure concentration and controls the floor failure depth. Using the optimal univariate function between the floor failure depth and mining width, mining depth, mining height, roof cutting height, working face stagger distance, a multi-factor prediction model for the floor failure depth of the OPWF mining is established, and the accuracy of the model is more than 90 %. Combined with the methods of exploration, treatment, and monitoring, the water disaster prevention technical guarantee system in the ultra-wide OPWF mining on the confined aquifer is constructed, which provides a new method for the prevention and control of floor water disasters during mining.

Research on thermal runaway early warning algorithm of lithium battery based on improved particle swarm algorithm optimized BP neural network

Abstract In response to the issues of false alarms and missed alarms in traditional fire alarm systems for energy storage station fire prevention and control, this study proposes a fire alarm approach employing improved PSO-BP neural networks. Firstly, we set adaptive inertial weights and asymmetric learning factors on the PSO algorithm that are automatically optimized as fitness changes to improve the optimization accuracy and convergence speed of the algorithm. Secondly, the thresholds or weights are mapped to random particles for training to obtain the optimal value. Finally, utilizing the Pyrosim software, a model of the battery cabinet was established, and the thermal runaway data samples were input into the neural network model for training. The test consequence indicates that the improved PSO-BP model achieved a 5% and 3.75% rise in precision relative to the neural network and PSO-BP model, respectively, while the frequency of iterations declined by 55% relative to the PSO-BP.

Battery-Free, Wireless Multi-Modal Sensor, and Actuator Array System for Pressure Injury Prevention.

Simultaneous monitoring of critical parameters (e.g., pressure, shear, and temperature) at bony prominences is essential for the prevention of pressure injuries in a systematic manner. However, the development of wireless sensor array for accurate mapping of risk factors has been limited due to the challenges in the convergence of wireless technologies and wearable sensor arrays with a thin and small form factor. Herein, a battery-free, wireless, miniaturized multi-modal sensor array is introduced for continuous mapping of pressure, shear, and temperature at skin interfaces. The sensor array includes an integrated pressure and shear sensor consisting of 3D strain gauges and micromachined components. The mechanically decoupled design of the integrated sensor enables reliable data acquisition of pressure and shear at skin interfaces without the need for additional data processing. The sensor platform enables the analysis of interplay among localized pressure, shear, and temperature in response to changes in the patient's movement, posture, and bed inclination. The validation trials using a novel combination of wireless sensor arrays and customized pneumatic actuator demonstrate the efficacy of the platform in continuous monitoring and efficient redistribution of pressure and shear without repositioning, thereby improving the patient's quality of life.

The Impact of the Communities that Care Approach in Reducing Violence and Crime Within an Urban, High-Burden Community.

Community violence and crime are significant public health problems with serious and lasting effects on young people, families, and communities. This violence and crime have significant ripple effects, affecting not just those who are directly physically injured, but also those who witness violent episodes, those who have friends or loved ones killed or injured, and those who must everyday navigate streets that they know have been frequent sites of serious violence and crime. The current study presents evidence of the impact that a data-driven, collective impact approach - the Communities that Care prevention system - can have on violence and crime outcomes within a large urban, high-burden community. Established as one of the national Youth Violence Prevention Centers (YVPC) funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Chicago Center for Youth Violence Prevention is among the first to implement the CTC approach in a large, urban community. The current study's findings show reductions in violence (i.e., aggravated assaults and robberies) in the Bronzeville community, compared to similar communities in Chicago.