Prevention Technologies Research Articles

Application and Safety Management of Computer Electronic Information Engineering Technology

With the continuous development of science and technology, electronic engineering technology pays more and more attention to the application of computers in this field, and the application of electronic information engineering technology is also increasing. However, it also makes him more and more risky, and the information may be stolen and changed randomly. Especially since the 21st century, the development of information technology has been quite rapid. Among all kinds of science and technology, computer and electronic engineering technology also occupies a more important position, which has brought about earth-shaking changes in people's life and work style and promoted social development to a certain extent. Under this background, there are inevitably hidden dangers in information security, which also hinders the progress of science and technology and the development of society to some extent. Based on this situation, we must strengthen our electronic information engineering prevention technology to ensure everyone's privacy. This paper first introduces the application of electronic information engineering technology, and then discusses its security risks and related measures to realize the security management of electronic information engineering technology.

Regional outburst prevention technology of pre-drainage gas area in west well area of sihe coal mine

Coal and gas outburst is one of the main factors affecting the safe and efficient production of coal mines. With the increase of mining depth and mining speed, the dynamic phenomena of coal and gas outburst will become more and more serious. Through the study of various outburst prevention measures in the pre-drainage gas area such as surface drilling, bedding (directional) drilling, and cross-layer drilling, combined with the coal seam occurrence and mining technology of the West Mine Area, a feasible regional pre-drainage comprehensive outburst prevention mode suitable for the characteristics of the 3# coal seam in the West Mine Area has been obtained. This mode is based on pre-pumping of surface drilling first, directional long borehole along the reservoir and pre-pumping of cross-zone borehole, which provides reliable guarantee for safe and efficient production in outburst well area.

Comparison and analysis of spontaneous combustion control between coal storage silos and biomass silos

Spontaneous combustion often occurs when carbonaceous materials are stored for a long time. Up to now, domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of research on the spontaneous combustion mechanism of coal and biomass fuel, monitoring methods and prevention measures, and achieved fruitful results. It is worth noting that coal and biomass are not the same type of energy, but the internal mechanism and external performance of spontaneous combustion of the two are very similar, and both involve complex physical and chemical reactions. At present, very fruitful results have been achieved in coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and fire prevention in mine, but the spontaneous combustion research around coal storage silos and biomass silos is insufficient, and the spontaneous combustion monitoring and fire prevention technology for them is relatively backward. Therefore, by summarizing and comparing the relevant work in recent years, this paper aims to sort out the similarities and differences of the occurrence mechanism, monitoring methods and prevention measures of the two, explore the technologies and theories that can learn from each other, promote the progress of the two in the study of spontaneous combustion mechanism, and promote the development of more advanced spontaneous combustion monitoring and fire prevention technology. And the application in the mine-out area, coal storage silo, biomass silo and other scenarios, to provide theoretical and technical references for the future safe storage of coal and biomass.

Common ground: the opportunity of male contraceptives as MPTs.

Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) and male contraceptive methods are currently in development to address unique and critical needs facing the global reproductive health community. Currently, MPT products in development are exclusively female-focused due to the readily available nature and regulatory precedent offered by female contraceptive active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs); however, the opportunity to explore codevelopment with male contraceptive methods, which are at a comparatively early stage of development, should not be overlooked. These fields face parallel challenges including research and development, commercialization, regulatory approval, and market uptake, and these parallels can inform strategic alignment between the fields. One challenge that precludes codevelopment, however, is the path to market and associated funding models for these innovative, yet underappreciated fields. Without candid review, reconsideration, prioritization, and innovation led by the donor and investment communities, product developers will have no compelling reason to consider accepting the added regulatory and fiscal burden associated with combining development streams.

Development and evaluation of a Bayesian network model for preventing distracted driving

Distracted driving is one of the most significant factors leading to fatal car crashes. Using a cell phone while driving is one of the riskiest behaviors while driving and is the cause of death for hundreds of drivers in the United States. Distraction prevention technologies, such as cell phone blocking apps that limit the functioning of cell phones while the car is moving, are one strategy for combating distracted driving. The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of cell phone blocking apps on driving behaviors and crashes caused by distracted driving using a machine learning algorithm. Some 158 participants were recruited from the state of Maryland to investigate their driving behavior using a state-specific survey. The results of the survey revealed that most people have cell phone blocking apps (62.6%); however, they do not use them on a daily basis (86.7%). A Bayesian network model was then deployed, and the results showed that if all drivers use cell phone blocking apps, crashes occurring due to distraction from cell phone use will decrease by 5 %, and self-reported distraction will decrease by 9 %. The results of this study can be used to detect distracted driving and find the best strategies to overcome this problem. The results also suggest that there should be a greater degree of awareness of distraction prevention technologies and education on the use of these technologies among different groups to reduce the number of fatalities, injuries, and crashes due to distraction.

Performance Metrics of an Intrusion Detection System Through Window-Based Deep Learning Models

Intrusion and prevention technologies perform reliably in harsh conditions by fortifying many of the world's highest security sites with few defects in high performance. This paper aims to contribute by designing an intrusion/preventive system using a window-based convolutional neural network (CNN), an integrated recurrent neural network (RNN), and autoencoders (AutoE) to detect and test the performance of the intrusion detection system. The data packets were converted to images where the pixels were used as input. The CNN architecture shows a three-layer model with high predictive performance. The result shows high performance on CNN as compared to both RNN and AutoE; CNN seems to resist overfitting more than the rest of the models. The future perspective would be to test the model on other standard methods such as support vector machine (SVM) and dynamic control systems.

Advances in Cancer Vaccine Research.

The use of cancer vaccines is considered a promising therapeutic strategy in clinical oncology, which is achieved by stimulating antitumor immunity with tumor antigens delivered in the form of cells, peptides, viruses, and nucleic acids. The ideal cancer vaccine has many advantages, including low toxicity, specificity, and induction of persistent immune memory to overcome tumor heterogeneity and reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Many therapeutic vaccines have entered clinical trials for a variety of cancers, including melanoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and others. However, many challenges, including single antigen targeting, weak immunogenicity, off-target effects, and impaired immune response, have hindered their broad clinical translation. In this review, we introduce the principle of action, components (including antigens and adjuvants), and classification (according to applicable objects and preparation methods) of cancer vaccines, summarize the delivery methods of cancer vaccines, and review the clinical and theoretical research progress of cancer vaccines. We also present new insights into cancer vaccine technologies, platforms, and applications as well as an understanding of potential next-generation preventive and therapeutic vaccine technologies, providing a broader perspective for future vaccine design.

Turning the promise of multipurpose prevention technologies into a market reality: a commentary.

The promise of multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) for the prevention of HIV and unintended pregnancy are on the horizon. While many are still in clinical development, others are closer to becoming a realistic, accessible option for users, like the dual prevention pill (DPP). Researchers, governments, donors, and implementers will have to collaboratively address systemic challenges to successfully introduce and scale-up MPTs. To ensure the rollout of MPTs is successful, the global community should address user and country-specific needs, coordinate with advocates and policymakers, and set a realistic plan for product introduction and scale-up that considers the needs of both family planning (FP) and HIV programs, while laying the groundwork for future new product introduction. To achieve these aims, global and regional stakeholder coordination should emphasize country-led, person-centered decision-making while addressing: (1) procurement and supply chain barriers; (2) the potential burden on health systems; and (3) the impact on current programs.

How might we motivate uptake of the Dual Prevention Pill? Findings from human-centered design research with potential end users, male partners, and healthcare providers.

Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) combining contraception with HIV prevention offer a promising solution to uptake and adherence challenges faced with oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The Dual Prevention Pill (DPP), which combines oral PrEP with an oral contraceptive pill (OCP), could address unmet need for family planning (FP) and HIV prevention. This study aimed to identify barriers and motivators for DPP uptake to inform the development of a DPP demand generation strategy and broader introduction efforts for MPTs. Qualitative, ethnographic research employing human-centered design techniques was conducted in Kenya, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. A research consortium conducted 45 immersions, 34 key informant interviews, and 12 friendship circles with potential end users, male romantic partners, healthcare providers (HCPs), and cultural commentators. Creative concepts were subsequently co-created and validated in workshops with end users, male partners, and HCPs. Four major themes emerged. Women struggled to balance personal motivations with societal expectations. Relationship goals strongly influenced sexual and reproductive health decisions, particularly related to financial security and social status. Negative experiences, such as untrustworthy partners, were significant triggers for OCP and PrEP use. Lastly, male partners were concerned about the DPP upending gender norms but held more positive individual attitudes. Five initial audience segments for the DPP were identified: women seeking enjoyment outside of their primary relationship; new mothers adhering to social norms; women wanting to maintain romantic relationships; women at risk of unintended pregnancy; and women with unfaithful partners. Segments informed the development of three communication themes, with the preferred route highlighting the DPP as a tool to prepare for life's unpredictability. To effectively generate demand for the DPP, several strategies should be considered. Connecting with women's diverse identities and goals and celebrating their individuality is crucial. Linking the DPP to relationship goals reframes it as a means to protect relationships rather than a risk. Leveraging negative triggers through targeted media campaigns empowers women to take control of their sexual health during challenging moments. A balance in channel placement is necessary to raise public awareness while using more discrete channels for potentially controversial messages with male partners and wider communities.

Research on dynamic response characteristics of normal fault footwall working face and rock burst prevention technology under the influence of the gob area

To study the effect of mining dynamic response characteristics on the footwall working face of the normal fault under the influence of the gob area, theoretical research, indoor experiment, and numerical simulation are adopted to analyze the stress manifestation characteristics, overburden movement, and energy evolution characteristics during the process of mining. The results show that: (1) In the process of mining toward the fault, the working face shows the change characteristics of “stable-activation mutation-final stability”. At 20 m from the fault, the arch structure of the working face was damaged, fissures appeared near the high fault fracture zone, and the displacement of the overburden rock increased significantly; (2) the maximum value was reached at 4–8 m from the coal wall, and the superposition of tectonic stress and mining stress led to the concentration of the stress and energy accumulating on the top plate near the fault, and the data close to the gob area were even larger; (3) If the plastic damage zone of the high-level rock layer on the hanging wall and footwall of the fault appears to have a wide range of penetration, and the area formed between the shear displacement curve of the fault plane and the X-axis appears to have a significant enhancement, it is considered that the fault has been activated; (4) The size of the coal pillar of the fault is determined to be 40 m, and combined with the pressure unloading technique of the variable-diameter drilling hole, the validation is carried out through the micro-vibration monitoring, and the results of which can be used as a reference for the safety of the working face under similar conditions.

Effects of topical fluoride on primary tooth enamel microhardness after diode laser treatment

ObjectivesTooth decay is controlled and prevented using fluorides. Specifically, a combination of laser irradiation and topical fluoride application can improve fluoride absorption. Although laser irradiation is recommended in traditional technology for caries prevention, little is known about the efficacy of caries-inhibiting laser diodes. Further, most studies have focused on permanent teeth. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of laser diode radiation mixed with topical fluoride on the enamel surface microhardness of primary teeth. Material and methodThe 60 primary teeth were divided into 60 plates. Baseline Vickers microhardness was established for each enamel surface. The samples were then divided into three groups. 4 % NaF varnish (group A) and 4 % NaF varnish using diode 2 and 3 W lasers (groups B and C, respectively). The final microhardness was measured and statistically evaluated using SPSS version 16. ANOVA was used to compare the means of the tested groups, which had a P-value of 0.05, indicating significance. ResultThe mean and standard deviation of microhardness for the different groups was tested. Group C (4 % NaF with a diode laser at 3 W) showed a higher average Vickers hardness (VHN) than Group B (4 % NaF with a diode laser at 2 W), whereas group A showed the lowest average VHN. There was a significant difference in microhardness between groups (P 0.05). ConclusionThis study explored the effect of laser mixed with topical fluoride on enamel surface microhardness of primary teeth. The use of a diode laser (Quanta System, Italy) with a fluoride varnish applied to the enamel surface has a greater effect on the resistance of the enamel to caries.

Progress in intelligent antibacterial materials for dental caries

Anti-caries strategies that based on the regulation of oral micro-ecology have recently drawn broad attention. Intelligent antibacterial materials have shown great potential for ecological anti-caries strategies, which can response to microenvironment of dental caries or external stimuli and inhibit cariogenic biofilms precisely. This technology could improve local anti-caries effect and help maintain oral micro-eubiosis. Here, we reviewed recent progress in intelligent anti-bacterial materials for dental caries. The future research direction was also prospected. We hope that by discussing about this new technology of prevention and treatment for dental caries, this review could provide ideas for the research on novel anti-caries materials.

Guarding the central venous access device: a new solution for an old problem.

CLABSIs are a major concern in both the adult and pediatric patient population. Contamination of catheter hubs is a common cause of CLABSI. A novel, transparent line guard protects CVAD hubs from gross contamination. Central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs) are a serious and potentially deadly complication in patients with a central venous access device (CVAD). CVADs play an essential role in modern medicine, serving as lifelines for many patients. To maintain safe and stable venous access, infection prevention bundles are used to help protect patients from complications such as CLABSI. Despite most CLABSIs being preventable, rates have been on the rise, often disproportionately impacting critically ill children. New solutions are needed to strengthen infection prevention bundles and protect CVADs from pathogen entry at catheter hubs and line connections. A novel, Food and Drug Administration-listed device has become available recently to guard CVADs from sources of gross contamination, addressing this apparent gap in infection prevention technology and practice.

The 35th anniversary of the North-Western District center for AIDS prevention and control at the Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute

The organization of the North-Western District Center for AIDS Prevention and Control (AIDS Center) originates from the onset of the HIV epidemic in the Russian Federation. Over the 35 years of work, the staff of the AIDS Center has made an invaluable contribution to the development of HIV diagnostics, the introduction of new clinical and preventive technologies, patient counseling, and training of qualified personnel. The anniversary article highlights the main stages regarding establishment of the AIDS Center as a structural unit of the Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute. The versatile naturally multidisciplinary functions and tasks related to the AIDS Center organization, its major Russia-wide and global achievements are considered. Special attention is paid to the long-term international cooperation, the results of diverse implemented programs and projects supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. The AIDS Center continues to cooperate with the main scientific facilities such as the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Institute of Experimental Medicine, N.P. Bekhtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, etc. The ongoing joint research invariably contributes to assessing the epidemiology and clinical course of various viral infections and comorbid conditions. The knowledge acquired becomes regularly summarized and published in a series of monographs, journal articles being presented demonstrated at conferences of various levels. Currently, the AIDS Center is represented by several structural divisions continuing to conduct practical and scientific activities on investigating HIV and viral hepatitis.

Research on casing deformation prevention technology based on cementing slurry system optimization

The casing deformation prevention technology based on the optimization of cement slurry is proposed to reduce the casing deformation of shale oil and gas wells during hydraulic fracturing. In this paper, the fracture mechanism of hollow particles in cement sheath was firstly analyzed by discrete element method, and the effect of hollow particles in cement on casing deformation was investigated by laboratory experiment method. Finally, field test was carried out to verify the improvement effect of the casing deformation based on cement slurry modification. The results show that the formation displacement can be absorbed effectively by hollow particles inside the cement transferring the excessive deformation away from casing. The particles in the uncemented state provide deformation space during formation slipping. The casing with diameter of 139.7 mm could be passed through by bridge plug with the diameter of 99 mm when the mass ratio of particle/cement reaches 1:4. According to the field test feedback, the method based on optimization of cement slurry can effectively reduce the risk of casing deformation, and the recommended range of hollow microbeads content in the cement slurry is between 15% and 25%.

Application Strategy of Green Prevention and Control Technology for Peanut Pests and Diseases in the New Period

Application Strategy of Green Prevention and Control Technology for Peanut Pests and Diseases in the New Period

Study of the Influence of Damage Structures in Coal Seam Floors on the Damage of Small Hidden Faults

In order to study the catastrophe law of small hidden faults along the floors of deep quarries under the coupled conditions of high stress and strong seepage, this paper proposes a concept of damage structure that can replace the overall performance of a population of tiny fracture swarms within a non-homogeneous rock mass. Numerical simulation software is used to simulate and analyze the influence of damage structure on the evolution of surrounding rock, regarding its plastic zones, shear stress, and displacement, and the pore water pressure distribution in small hidden faults along coal seam floors. This study shows that under the influence of damage structure, the shear stress of the rock above the fault shows “N”-type change, the displacement of the surrounding area shows “S”-type change, and the shear stress of the rock below the fault and the pore water pressure above the fault show “M”-type change. The damage structure changes the performance of the coal seam floor’s water barrier by reducing the strength of the rock surrounding the fault, blocking the release rate of the shear stress of the surrounding rock, weakening the support pressure of the fault, reducing the degree of expansion of the surrounding rocks and shifting the direction of concentration of the pore water pressure. The results of this study can provide a reference for technology for water damage prevention and control of coal seam floors containing small hidden faults, under the influence of non-homogeneous rock bodies.

Terahertz imaging: a diagnostic technology for prevention of grass seed infestation.

One of the most significant problems the Australian sheep and lamb industry faces today is grass seed infestation (GSI), which occurs when seeds accumulate in the sheep's fleece and penetrate the skin, causing infection. Meat & Livestock Australia estimates that the yearly losses caused due to GSI are around AUD$47.5 M (in Australia alone). Here, we demonstrate that terahertz spectroscopy and imaging can be utilized for early detection of GSI. This is possible because terahertz waves can penetrate through sheep wool and have the appropriate wavelength for identifying the seed. Moreover, terahertz waves have non-invasive and non-ionizing properties and are ideal for non-contact and standoff detection. This work demonstrates that terahertz waves can be utilized for the early detection of seeds in the animal fleece or on the pelt as a precursor tool for the prevention of GSI.

Study on the inhibitory effect of DL‐malic acid on the phase structure and combustion characteristics of coal

AbstractDL‐malic acid (DMA), as a recognized antioxidant inhibitor and chelating agent in the food and chemical industries, has good application prospects in coal fire prevention and control. This paper investigates the impact of a DMA solution on the surface properties and phase structure of coal through a range of analytical techniques, including electron microscope scanning, particle size analysis, and x‐ray diffraction. The thermal behavior characteristics of DMA‐treated coal were analyzed using thermogravimetric experiments. The results show that after adding malic acid, the particle size of coal sample is reduced, the sphericity and roundness are reduced, and the pore size is increased. The hydroxyapatite and calcite components in coal were dissolved and consumed, and the calcite components were gradually depleted with the increase of DMA concentration. The flocculent structure produced by the condensation of the crushing residue and broken small particles are attached to the internal pores of coal, which reduced the coal oxygen contact sites and increases the content of the sealed solution, resulting in the increase of the thermal characteristic temperature of the coal and the inhibition of the oxidation heat generation process. DMA has obvious inhibitory effect on fresh coal and oxidized coal, and the inhibitory effect is stronger on high‐temperature oxidized coal. Therefore, DMA can be effectively applied to the prevention and control of spontaneous combustion of residual coal in goaf. The research results provide a reference for the research of coal fire prevention technology and the preparation of environmentally friendly flame retardant materials.

Long-acting injectable multipurpose prevention technology for prevention of HIV and unplanned pregnancy

Only condoms are proven to protect against both HIV and unplanned pregnancy, however, poor user acceptability and lack of partner cooperation impede effectiveness. We developed an injectable ultra-long-acting, biodegradable, and removable in-situ forming implant (ISFI) as multipurpose prevention technology (MPT). MPT ISFIs co-formulated an antiretroviral (dolutegravir (DTG)) or cabotegravir (CAB)), and a hormonal contraceptive (etonogestrel (ENG) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)). All formulations were well-tolerated in mice with no signs of chronic local or systemic inflammation. Plasma CAB and DTG concentrations were above 4× PA-IC90 for 90 days with zero-order and diffusion-controlled absorption, respectively, and no differences when co-formulated with either hormone. Plasma ENG and MPA concentrations were quantifiable for 90 days. Complete removal of CAB/MPA ISFIs resulted in MPA concentrations falling below the limit of quantification after 24 h post-removal, but incomplete CAB elimination from plasma. Collectively, we demonstrated the ability to co-formulate antiretrovirals with contraceptives in an ISFI that is well-tolerated with sustained plasma concentrations up to 90 days.