Prevention Technologies Research Articles

Hygienic study and forecast of atmospheric air pollution with sulfur compounds in the areas of sulfide-containing tailings

This article is devoted to the topical problem of the release into the atmosphere of mixtures of sulfur compounds from decommissioned facilities for the disposal of waste from the processing of sulfide ores of non-ferrous and noble metals. The purpose of the research was a hygienic study and forecast of atmospheric air pollution by volatile sulfur compounds emitted by decommissioned waste disposal facilities for processing sulfide ores of non-ferrous and precious metals, for information support of the system of medical and preventive technologies in mining regions. The objects of the study were two decommissioned tailing dumps of enterprises for the processing of gold ores. The assessment of the actual pollution of the surface layer of the atmosphere with dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, carbon disulfide, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide was carried out according to under-flare observations. Non-linear models given by second and third order polynomials were used to predict pollution levels. A theoretical analysis of the in ‑ formation presented in the scientific literature on the interaction of structural elements of natural and technical systems that make up the mechanism of atmospheric pollution at the post-operational stage of mining technogenesis has been carried out. Based on a systematic analysis of under-flare observations conducted in the areas of location of two tailings of gold ore production, lists of priority sulfur compounds to be controlled, distinctive features of zonal atmospheric pollution for different forms of terrain adjacent to the sources were identified, non-linear models of the distribution of concentrations of priority pollutants in the surface were constructed. layer of the atmosphere, allowing a probabilistic quantitative assessment of pollution halos and inhalation risks to public health. The scientific information obtained as a result of a comprehensive study is intended for information support of the system of medical and preventive technologies in mining regions.

Combined gas well hydrate prevention and control technology and its application

The high pressure in some gas wells, such as those in the Xushen gas field in Daqing, China, makes them susceptible to freezing and hydrate blockages. Downhole throttling technology is widely used to reduce costs during well construction, however, due to the limitations of temperature, pressure and depth structure, this technology is sometime applied independently in some gas wells in which freezing and blockages are a frequent problem that can seriously affect production capacity. Moreover, artificial alcohol injection of ‘passive plugging’ to prevent hydrate formation not only consumes significant amounts of methanol but its efficiency is also dependent on factors such as weather, personnel and equipment, so it is not a continuous solution. In order to solve the above problems, the mechanism of hydrate formation was analyzed in this study, from which a combined mechanical and chemical hydrate control process was developed. OLGA software was used to design the process parameters of the novel mechanical and chemical inhibition technology for hydrate prevention and control, and also to simulate and analyze the wellhead temperature, pressure and hydrate generation once the process was implemented. Based on the results of the parameters calculation, the downhole throttle and hydrate inhibitor automatic filling device are used to realize the functions of downhole throttle depressurization and hydrate inhibitor continuous filling, reduce the wellhead pressure and hydrate generation temperature, and ensure the continuous production of gas well. This novel combination process was subsequently tested in three wells in the Daqing gas oilfield. Measurements showed that the average daily gas increase from a single well was 0.5×104m3, methanol consumption was reduced from the original maximum daily amount of 1750 kg to just 60 kg, the manual maintenance workload was reduced by 80%, and the rate of the well openings was increased from 45% to 100%. These results proved that this technology is feasible and efficient for applications in gas wells with high downhole pressure and low wellhead temperature, and, thus, provides important technical support for the prevention of gas hydrate and improvement of gas well production.

A Review on Mine Fire Prevention Technology and Theory Based on Bibliometric Analysis

Of all mine disasters, fires are very threatening to mine safety and often lead to the most serious consequences. Research on mine fire prevention technology and theory has experienced significant growth and is attracting escalating academic interest and attention. However, dedicated literature reviews on this topic are scarce. For the purpose of uncovering the research characteristics and trends on mine fire prevention technology and theory, this paper employs bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science Core Collection database. This study presents a detailed analysis of relevant articles published between 2010 and 2022. An assessment of the influences of journals, countries, institutions, and authors was conducted through a citation analysis. Furthermore, this paper describes co-authorship networks among different countries, institutions, and authors. Lastly, a review of the mine fire prevention techniques and theories researched during this period was carried out through a keyword clustering analysis. Four main research topics in mine fire prevention research were identified: “mine fire control technology”, “mine fire occurrence mechanism”, “mine fire prediction technology”, and “mine fire monitoring technology”. Additionally, the theory study of spontaneous combustion and its underlying mechanisms may represent a potential focus for future research. These findings contribute to providing a solid foundation for future research endeavors in this field of fire prevention.

Siltation behavior characterization and evaluation of permeable asphalt mixture based on computed tomography method

The pavement surface sediments are continuously transported into the pore structure of permeable pavement under hydraulic power, resulting in the loss of permeability function. Obtaining the siltation behavior of the permeable asphalt mixture is the key and foundation to achieving siltation prevention and control technology for permeable asphalt pavement. In this paper, a self-developed laboratory accelerated siltation test was designed, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), computed tomography (CT) experiments, intrinsic frequency tests were employed to explore the siltation behavior of permeable asphalt mixture. The test results reveal that the density of pavement surface sediments is approximately 15.2 g/m2 per day, and pavement surface rainwater contains 27.6% clay minerals, which exhibits induration consolidation property with dry-wet cycles. The blockage behavior caused by sand particles is 7.5% higher than that caused by clay. For the siltation contribution of permeable asphalt mixture, sand particles account for 81%, clay particles represent 7%, and the induration consolidation contributes 12% of the siltation. CT test results indicate that the lower 1/3 of permeable asphalt mixture is silted up with continuous adhesive deposition of clay. The dry-wet cycle is one of the key factors of hardening blockage, the hardening blockage primarily experiences three stages: stagnation and hardening, erosion and collapse, and deposition blockage. Intrinsic frequency test explores that the intrinsic frequency of permeable asphalt pavement is between 14,000 Hz and 15,000 Hz, and the intrinsic frequency of pavement surface sediment is 3968.83 Hz. The intrinsic frequency of pavement increases continuously with the transportation of surface sediment, and there is a good correlation between the siltation degree and intrinsic frequency of permeable asphalt mixture.

Minutes of the 14th academic conference on basic science and applied technology for prevention and control of infectious diseases

Minutes of the 14th academic conference on basic science and applied technology for prevention and control of infectious diseases

Dementia and Nutrition: A Multidisciplinary Massive Open Online Course for Health Care Professionals, Students and Non‐Professionals

AbstractBackgroundMore than 55 million people worldwide have dementia. This number will increase in the future, causing strains on healthcare systems. In‐depth knowledge about dementia and its negative effects, such as nutritional problems, is necessary to pursue targeted prevention strategies and to provide adequate treatment and care. Therefore, the aim of the project was to develop a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on dementia and nutrition for the healthcare sector. Such MOOCs can reach many users and have proven effective for self‐directed continuous professional development.MethodsThe MOOC was developed for students and professionals in health care as well as for non‐professionals, like relatives of people with dementia, in German‐speaking countries as a joint project from 2021‐2022. Different disciplines (dietetics, nutritional scientists, nursing scientists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, nutritional geragogists, medical doctors, technological disciplines, social scientists) and institutions, like universities, developed the content of the MOOC based on design principles, international literature and expert knowledge. The online course was made available free of charge on the iMooX platform of the Technical University of Graz, Austria (https://imoox.at/mooc/).ResultsThe MOOC consists of 6 lessons which can be completed in a period of 6 weeks. The lessons include the following topics: (1) background information on dementia, like prevalence of dementia and costs; (2) risk factors for dementia, prevention and nutrition concepts; (3) impact of dementia on eating behaviors; (4) practical aspects of nutrition in dementia, like appetite stimulation; (5) activities of daily living & eating support; and (6) new technologies (e.g. robots, virtual reality) for prevention and support of eating problems. The content is delivered to the participants by means of videos and learning materials via various end devices. Each lesson ends with a quiz. Participants who answer at least 75% of the self‐assessment questions correctly receive a certificate.ConclusionThe MOOC was successfully launched on January 17, 2023 (https://imoox.at/course/demern) and has already had more than 200 participants in the first round. In the future, an English‐language version is planned in order to further increase the number of people that can profit from the MOOC.

Mechanism of gas pressure action during the initial failure of coal containing gas and its application for an outburst inoculation

Faced with the continuous occurrence of coal and gas outburst (hereinafter referred to as “outburst”) disasters, as a main controlling factor in the evolution process of an outburst, for gas pressure, it is still unclear about the phased characteristics of the coupling process with in situ stress, which induce coal damage and instability. Therefore, in the work based on the mining stress paths induced by typical outburst accidents, the gradual and sudden change of three-dimensional stress is taken as the background for the mechanical reconstruction of the disaster process. Then the true triaxial physical experiments are conducted on the damage and instability of coal containing gas under multiple stress paths. Finally, the response characterization between coal damage and gas pressure has been clarified, revealing the mechanism of action of gas pressure during the initial failure of coals. And the main controlling mechanism during the outburst process is elucidated in the coupling process of in situ stress with gas pressure. The results show that during the process of stress loading and unloading, the original gas pressure enters the processes of strengthening and weakening the action ability successively. And the strengthening effect continues to the period of large-scale destruction of coals. The mechanical process of gas pressure during the initial failure of coals can be divided into three stages: the enhancement of strengthening action ability, the decrease of strengthening action ability, and the weakening action ability. The entire process is implemented by changing the dominant action of in situ stress into the dominant action of gas pressure. The failure strength of coals is not only affected by its original mechanical strength, but also by the stress loading and unloading paths, showing a particularly significant effect. Three stages can be divided during outburst inoculation process. That is, firstly, the coals suffer from initial damage through the dominant action of in situ stress with synergy of gas pressure; secondly, the coals with spallation of structural division are generated through the dominant action of gas pressure with synergy of in situ stress, accompanied by further fragmentation; and finally, the fractured coals suffer from fragmentation and pulverization with the gas pressure action. Accordingly, the final broken coals are ejected out with the gas action, initiating an outburst. The research results can provide a new perspective for deepening the understanding of coal and gas outburst mechanism, laying a theoretical foundation for the innovation of outburst prevention and control technologies.

Ultraphonophoresis of an enzyme gel with direct proteolytic activity in patients with hypertrophic skin scars

BACKGROUND: Correction and prevention of severe cicatricial deformities is a labor-intensive task for doctors of aesthetic and rehabilitation medicine. Often, as a result of skin scarring, the psychological status of the patient changes due to the presence of persistent subjective sensations or the location of defects in open, functionally active areas of the skin. The steady annual growth in trauma, the number of surgical interventions and invasive procedures actualizes the question of finding an optimal, effective and widely available method for preventing severe skin scarring or correcting fibrous deformities.
 AIM: scientific and practical substantiation of the use of enzyme gel ultraphonophoresis with direct proteolytic activity in patients with hypertrophic skin scars.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective interventional cohort comparative study of the efficacy and safety of enzyme gel ultraphonophoresis with direct proteolytic activity in patients with hypertrophic skin scars was performed. The study included 42 patients with a diagnosis of "Hypertrophic scars" (ICD-10, L91) of postoperative or post-traumatic genesis, divided into observation and comparison groups with emerging (n=20) and mature (n=22) scars. In the course of the study, clinical, instrumental and medical and sociological research methods were used.
 RESULTS: A pronounced positive dynamic of indicators of clinical and instrumental parameters of scar tissue was established, improvement of quality-of-life indicators was the most significant in patients of the observation group with developing scars. The expediency of using the enzyme gel ultraphonophoresis technique with direct proteolytic activity in patients with hypertrophic skin scars is confirmed by a combination of parameters: positive dynamics of the clinical status, functional properties of scar tissue and quality of life indicators, a high safety profile and patient satisfaction with treatment. The effectiveness of correction in patients with developing and mature hypertrophic scars was 83–87%.
 CONCLUSION: The therapeutic and preventive technology of enzyme gel ultraphonophoresis with direct proteolytic activity is an effective and promising method for the correction and prevention of postoperative and post-traumatic cicatricial skin defects.

Coalbursts in China: Theory, practice and management

Coalburst is one of the most serious disasters that threaten the safe production of coal mines, and this disaster is particularly serious in China. This paper presents an overview of coalbursts in China since 1980s. From the "stress and energy" and "regional and local" perspectives, the achievements in the theory, practice and management of coalbursts in China are systematically summarized. A theoretical system of coalbursts has been formed to reveal the deformational behavior of coalbursts and explain the mechanism of coalbursts. The occurrence conditions of coalbursts are put forward and the critical stress is obtained. The stress index method for risk evaluation of coalbursts before mining is proposed, and the deformation localization prediction method of coalbursts is put forward. The relationship between energy release and absorption in the process of coalbursts is found, and the prevention and control methods of coalbursts, including the regional method, the local method and support, are presented. The safety evaluation index of coalburst prevention and control is put forward. The integrated prevention and control method for coal and gas outbursts is proposed. The prevention and control technology and equipment of coalbursts have also been developed. Amongst them, the distribution law of the critical stress in China coalburst mines is discovered. The technology and equipment for monitoring, prevention and control of coalbursts, as well as for integrated prevention and control of combined coalbursts and other disasters, have been developed. The energy-absorbing and coalburst-preventing support technology for roadways is invented, and key engineering parameters of coalburst prevention and control are pointed out. In China, coalburst prevention and control laws and standards have been developed. Technical standards for coalbursts are formulated, statute and regulations for coal mines are established, and regulatory documents are promoted.

Mechanism of and Prevention Technology for Water Inrush from Coal Seam Floor under Complex Structural Conditions—A Case Study of the Chensilou Mine

Based on the complex hydrogeological conditions of the Chensilou mine, numerical simulations and field validation methods were used to study the mechanism of water inrush from the floor of the coal seam, which has faults and cracks, as well as the regional advanced grouting reinforcement technology during the coal mining process. The evolution laws of the roof stress field, displacement field, crack field, and plastic area are revealed at different mining distances. The coupling mechanism of floor water inrush channel formation under complex conditions is analyzed. Advanced grout filling reinforcement technology in the ground area is proposed, the slurry diffusion law of different grouting layers under different grouting pressures is revealed, and the grouting effect is evaluated, which provides a research basis for selecting a reasonable grouting pressure. Finally, the application of regional advanced grouting reinforcement technology was carried out at the site, and the grouting reconstruction effect was verified by the transient electromagnetic and three-dimensional DC resistivity method. The results show that the apparent resistivity of the floor after the grouting reinforcement is high, and the water yield of the verification borehole is less than 10 m3/h. The area where the three-dimensional direct current resistivity is less than 12 Ω·m only appears in the lower part of the middle of the working face, and there is no water in the verification borehole. Through our underground supplementary treatment and verification process, the initial water inflow meets the requirements of being less than 10 m3/h. It indicates that the ground regional advanced treatment project achieved significant results. The results of our research can also provide references for water hazard control in similar mines.

Critical review on data-driven approaches for learning from accidents: Comparative analysis and future research

Data-driven intelligent technologies are promoting a disruptive digital transformation of human society. Industrial accident prevention is also amid this change. Although many emerging technologies, such as machine learning (ML), are extensively employed in workplace safety, these approaches need to fit the intended safety purpose of accident analysis, risk assessment, adverse outcome prediction, or anomaly detection. Hence, examining the “real-world” need for accident prevention and the advantages of emerging data-driven methodologies to better integrate them is necessary. This study provides a systematic review to clarify the current research status, existing problems, and future insights into these evolving technologies in accident prevention. We present notable gaps and barriers in data-driven accident prevention by analyzing 194 published studies from four perspectives: Paradigm, Model, Data Source, and Purpose. The results demonstrate (1) lack of a systematic framework to guide the application of Big Data (BD) in the field of safety; (2) few prior studies have considered model interpretability; (3) more proactive data needs to be incorporated into accident analysis; (4) safety-related data and domain knowledge need to be further integrated; (5) some recent data-driven techniques are unexplored in safety science. Further, the future research opportunities are discussed based on these findings. Such review may help clarify the mapping of data-driven tasks to safety goals to accelerate the uptake of data-driven technologies in safety or accident analysis research.

Pharmacokinetic Study of Islatravir and Etonogestrel Implants in Macaques.

The prevention of HIV and unintended pregnancies is a public health priority. Multi-purpose prevention technologies capable of long-acting HIV and pregnancy prevention are desirable for women. Here, we utilized a preclinical macaque model to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of biodegradable ε-polycaprolactone implants delivering the antiretroviral islatravir (ISL) and the contraceptive etonogestrel (ENG). Three implants were tested: ISL-62 mg, ISL-98 mg, and ENG-33 mg. Animals received one or two ISL-eluting implants, with doses of 42, 66, or 108 µg of ISL/day with or without an additional ENG-33 mg implant (31 µg/day). Drug release increased linearly with dose with median [range] plasma ISL levels of 1.3 [1.0-2.5], 1.9 [1.2-6.3] and 2.8 [2.3-11.6], respectively. The ISL-62 and 98 mg implants demonstrated stable drug release over three months with ISL-triphosphate (ISL-TP) concentr54ations in PBMCs above levels predicted to be efficacious for PrEP. Similarly, ENG implants demonstrated sustained drug release with median [range] plasma ENG levels of 495 [229-1110] pg/mL, which suppressed progesterone within two weeks and showed no evidence of altering ISL pharmacokinetics. Two of the six ISL-98 mg implants broke during the study and induced implant-site reactions, whereas no reactions were observed with intact implants. We show that ISL and ENG biodegradable implants are safe and yield sufficient drug levels to achieve prevention targets. The evaluation of optimized implants with increased mechanical robustness is underway for improved durability and vaginal efficacy in a SHIV challenge model.

Analysis of work with citizen complaints in Ukraine and their levels of control

Complaints of citizens are a form of direct management of state affairs and one of the ways of controlling state administration. Through the appeal, a «dialogue» takes place between the state and citizens, in which the interests of the complainant, as well as other citizens or society as a whole, can be reflected. The demands of citizens are, above all, a source of information and a necessary force for solving current or prospective problems of the development of a modern country. Most appeals consist of complaints and statements, and these concepts hide exactly the rights that have been violated or not implemented, which are formally enshrined in Ukrainian legislation.Of course, the government cannot consider everyone's appeals, but their number on the same problem can force it not just to make a decision to eliminate a specific violation, and to correct a specific deficiency, but to pay attention to the problem on a national scale.The purpose of the study is to analyze the organization of work with citizens' appeals and to define the main levels of their control.Material and methods. Statistical and medical-epidemiological methods were used in the study. An analysis of the database with appeals from citizens of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for 10 years (2013-2022) was carried out.Results and discussion. It was established that during the study period in Ukraine, the number of appeals from citizens regarding the provision of medical assistance increased significantly. The number of appeals for 2022 compared to 2013 increased by 24,0%. The main issues addressed by citizens concern the provision of medical assistance (23,4%), personnel issues (14,6%); issues of referral to the medical and sanitary expert commission and medical advisory commission (12,9%) and illegal actions of medical workers (7,7%).The obtained results confirmed the need for the development and implementation of scientific preventive technologies in order to improve the organization of work with citizens' appeals at the regional level with further implementation in the work of medical institutions.Conclusions. It was found that optimizing work with appeals requires implementing a new model for organizing work with citizens regarding their appeals. Such a model will ensure consideration of appeals on merit, with entry into a single register of appeals, taking into account feedback and monitoring of patient satisfaction.

Proteomic profiling of blood plasma in chronic experimental exposure to aluminum oxide as a tool for predicting adverse effects from critical human organs and systems

Introduction. Highly informative research methods, which include proteomic profiling, make it possible to predict the development of negative effects on the part of critical human organs and systems at the earliest stages of their formation. In combination with toxicological studies, these methods allow changes in the protein profile of blood plasma, identified in the experiment on biological models, to be extrapolated to humans. Determination of the expression, functional characteristics and tissue identity of altered proteins and peptides provides clarification of the mechanisms of homeostasis disorders at the cellular and molecular level associated with exposure to chemicals.
 
 The purpose of the work is to identify and evaluate changes in the proteomic profile of blood plasma during experimental exposure to aluminum oxide in order to predict negative effects on the part of critical human organs and systems.
 
 Materials and methods. When modelling inhalation exposure to aluminum oxide at a dose of 0.0025 mg/(kg·day), equivalent to the dose in natural exposure conditions with an annual averaging period, and taking into account interspecies dose transfer, in an experiment on Wistar rats, the content of this metal in urine and a comparative analysis of the proteomic profile of the blood plasma of exposed and unexposed individuals was carried out. Using the methods of statistical and bioinformatic analysis, the data obtained in the experiment were extrapolated to humans in order to predict negative effects on the part of critical organs and systems during chronic aerogenic exposure to aluminum.
 
 Results. With chronic inhalation intake of aluminum oxide at a dose of 0.0025 mg/(kg·day) in animals of the experimental group, the content of aluminum in the urine was 3.5 times higher than that in the control group. As a result of densitometric measurement and comparative analysis of proteomic maps of blood plasma of exposed and unexposed animals, 13 protein spots were found, the intensity of which significantly differs between groups, which was proved to be related to the aluminum content in the urine. When comparing the mass spectra of these protein spots, 8 proteins were identified that coincided with the proteins of the library mass spectrum (Actin-binding Rho-activating protein; Aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosol 1; Apolipoprotein A-I; Sec22b protein transporting vesicles; Elongation factor 1-γ; Neurosecretory protein Vgf; Pumilio homologue 3; Teneurin-2). As a result of bioinformatics analysis, there were determined genes encoding the identified proteins, their participation in biological processes (cellular and metabolic processes, biological regulation processes) and tissues of organs in which they have an increased expression (liver, brain, heart, muscles, small intestine, spleen, uterus, testicles, adrenal glands). In humans, orthologues of established genes have been identified, which makes it possible to use the proteins identified in the experiment as markers of negative responses and to suggest the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver, and brain under conditions of long-term aerogenic exposure to aluminum oxide.
 
 Limitations. The conducted study on Wistar rats simulated only chronic inhalation exposure to aluminum oxide.
 
 Conclusion. The transformation of the proteomic profile of blood plasma was established in an experiment on a biological model with chronic inhalation exposure to aluminum oxide at a dose of 0.0025 mg/(kg·day). Extrapolation of the data obtained and the detection of orthologous genes in humans suggests the development of negative effects in the form of diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver and brain with chronic inhalation intake of aluminum oxide into the body. The data obtained expand the theoretical understanding of the mechanisms of the toxic action of chemicals, including aluminum oxide compounds, at the cellular and molecular level to predict the negative effects of critical human organs and systems.
 
 Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Federal Research Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies of Public Health Risk Management of Rospotrebnadzor (minutes of the meeting No. 2 dated 11.02.2021), conducted in accordance with the generally accepted scientific principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (ed. 2013).

Research and assessment of the molybdenum oxide (VI) nanoparticles toxiсity under inhalation in WISTAR line rats in comparison with the micro-sized chemical analog

Introduction. Molybdenum (VI) oxide nanoparticles (MoO3 NPs) are being actively introduced into practical use as part of catalysts, optics, plastics, textiles, coatings, and lubricants, gas sensors, and crude oil refining processes. MoO3 NPs are known to exhibit toxic properties when interacting with living systems. Atmospheric air pollution with potentially dangerous MoO3 NPs can contribute to the inhalation exposure in the population and, as a result, the development of health disorders caused by the toxic effect of the nanomaterial. In this regard, the study of the adverse effects caused by MoO3 NPs entering the body during aerogenic exposure is particularly relevant.
 
 The aim of the study. Investigation and evaluation of subacute toxicity of MoO3 NPs by the inhalation route of entry into the body in comparison with a microsized chemical analogue.
 
 Materials and methods. The physical properties of MoO3 NPs were studied in comparison with microparticles (MPs). In an experiment on Wistar rats, a comparative analysis was performed and a characteristic of the pathogenetic features of the toxic effect of particles during subacute inhalation exposure at a concentration of 1.84 mg/m3 was given.
 
 Results. According to the totality of physical properties, the MoO3 sample under study is a nanomaterial with an average particle size of 58.8 nm, constituting 84.2% of the total number of particles. MoO3 NPs accumulate in the heart, lungs, kidneys, and brain. The concentration of molybdenum is by 2.50–15.85 times higher than the control levels. The highest content of the studied element was found in the lungs. Bioaccumulation of MP MoO3 was noted only in the lungs, while the concentration of molybdenum is by 3.00 times less in comparison with the exposure to NPs. When exposed to MoO3 NPs, more pronounced changes in biochemical (an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase, LDH, the concentration of total bilirubin and creatinine by 1.29–2.11 times) and hematological parameters (a decrease in the number of platelets and thrombocrit by 1.2 times) of blood were noted relative to the impact of a microscale analogue. Under the influence of NPs and MPs of MoO3, pathomorphological changes develop in the lungs, brain, and liver tissues. When exposed to NPs, compensatory lung emphysema, focal microvesicular steatosis in hepatocytes, and acute plethora in the liver were found, which were not detected during exposure to NPs.
 
 Limitations. The study was performed only with subacute inhalation exposure to NPs and MPs of MoO3 in Wistar rats.
 
 Conclusion. MoO3 NPs have a higher degree of bioaccumulation and toxicity relative to MPs. The results of the study make it possible to expand theoretical concepts and gain new knowledge in the field of nanotoxicology about the features of the toxic effect of nano-sized MoO3 with multiple inhalation routes of entry into the body at a concentration of 1.84 mg/m3.
 
 Compliance with ethical standards. The study was carried out in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental or other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123) and the requirements of the Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Public Health Risk Management (protocol No. 6 of 20.01 .2021).

Research Progress on the Species and Diversity of Ants and Their Three Tropisms.

Ants are one of the largest insect groups, with the most species and individuals in the world, and they have an important ecological function. Ants are not only an important part of the food chains but are also one of the main decomposers on the Earth; they can also improve soil fertility, etc. However, some species of ants are harmful to human beings, which leads to people's panic or worry about coming into contact with these insects during their daily home life or in their tourism or leisure activities. The presence of ants in indoor living facilities and in outdoor green spaces, parks, gardens, and tourist attractions seriously interferes with the leisure life and entertainment activities of all people (especially children). How can we control ants in these environments? Do we kill them by spraying insecticides, or do we adopt green prevention and control technology for the ecological management of ants? This topic is related to healthy life for the public and the protection of the ecological environment. In this paper, the species and diversity of ants are introduced, and research progress regarding ant tropism is introduced according to the three aspects of phototaxis, chromotaxis, and chemotaxis (i.e., "3-tropisms"). The research on repellent substances from plants and insects and the related ant attractants are also summarized, analyzed, and discussed, in order to help the research and application of green prevention and control technology for ant diversity protection and conservation.

Current Status of Research on the Coal and Gas Outburst Control Technology of Hydration and Anhydrous.

China is one of the countries with the most frequent coal and gas outburst accidents in the world. In the early years of the founding of New China, coal and gas outburst accidents occurred frequently, causing serious casualties, equipment damage, and economic losses. In recent years, some scholars have tried to simulate the coal and gas outburst phenomenon using physical models to study the mechanisms of its occurrence. However, due to the complexity and nonreproducibility of coal and gas outburst disasters, the study of coal and gas outburst mechanisms is still in the hypothesis stage. In order to effectively reduce the risk of coal and gas outburst accidents, coal and gas outburst prevention and control technology have emerged and achieved remarkable results, and the probability of coal and gas outburst accidents has been greatly reduced. Among coal and gas protrusion outburst and control technologies, hydraulic and anhydrous prevention and control technologies are widely used. The purpose of this paper is to briefly explain the mainstream hypothesis of coal and gas outburst, analyze the action principle of hydration and anhydrous control technologies, discuss the current status of research on hydration and anhydrous control technologies, and put forward the problems of current technologies and future development trends.

Experimental Study on key technologies for risk prevention and control of thallium pollution in A lead-zinc mine wastewater

In order to reduce the environmental risk of thallium pollution by enterprises and determine key technologies for thallium pollution prevention and control, the researcher conducted a deep exploration experiment on thallium removal in the inflow water of a certain lead-zinc mine. The experimental results showed that both sulfide precipitation method and catalytic oxidation & resin adsorption can achieve good thallium removal effect. Based on the actual characteristics of the lead-zinc industry, The author recommends a thallium pollution risk control technology scheme that combines terminal sulfide precipitation and source resin adsorption for thallium removal.

A Few-Shot Learning Based Fault Diagnosis Model Using Sensors Data from Industrial Machineries

Efficient maintenance in the face of complex and interconnected industrial equipment is crucial for corporate competitiveness. Traditional reactive approaches often prove inadequate, necessitating a shift towards proactive strategies. This study addresses the challenges of data scarcity and timely defect identification by providing practical guidance for selecting optimal solutions for various equipment malfunction scenarios. Utilizing three datasets—Machine Sound to Machine Condition Monitoring and Intelligent Information (MIMII), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), and Machinery Failure Prevention Technology (MFPT)—the study employs the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) as a preprocessing method to enhance feature extraction. To determine the best preprocessing technique, Gammatone Transformation, and raw data are also considered. The research optimizes performance and training efficiency by adjusting hyperparameters, minimizing overfitting, and using the KERAS Early Halting API within resource constraints. To address data scarcity, which is one of the major obstacles to detecting faults in the industrial environment, Few-shot learning (FSL) is employed. Various architectures, including ConvNeXt Base, Large MobileNetV3, ResNet-18, and ResNet-50, are incorporated within a prototypical network-based few-shot learning model. MobileNet’s lower parameter count, high accuracy, efficiency, and portability make it the ideal choice for this application. By combining few-shot learning, MobileNet architecture, and STFT preprocessing, this study proposes a practical and data-efficient fault diagnosis method. The model demonstrates adaptability across datasets, offering valuable insights for enhancing industrial fault detection and preventive maintenance procedures.

Development of High-Precision Urban Flood-Monitoring Technology for Sustainable Smart Cities.

Owing to rapid climate change, large-scale floods have occurred yearly in cities worldwide, causing serious damage. We propose a real-time urban flood-monitoring technology as an urban disaster prevention technology for sustainable and secure smart cities. Our method takes advantage of the characteristic that water flow is regularly detected at a certain distance with a constant Doppler velocity within the radar observation area. Therefore, a pure flow energy detection algorithm in this technology can accurately and immediately detect water flow due to flooding by effectively removing dynamic obstacles such as cars, people, and animals that cause changes in observation distance, and static obstacles that do not cause Doppler velocities. Specifically, in this method, the pure flow energy is detected by generating a two-dimensional range-Doppler relation map using 1 s periodic radar observation data and performing statistical analysis on the energy detected on the successive maps. Experiments to verify the proposed technology are conducted indoors and in real river basins. As a result of conducting experiments in a narrow indoor space that could be considered an urban underpass or underground facility, it was found that this method can detect flooding situations with centimeter-level accuracy by measuring water level and flow velocity in real time from the time of flood occurrence. And the experimental results in various river environments showed that our technology could accurately detect changes in distance and flow speed from the river surface. We also confirmed that this method could effectively eliminate moving obstacles within the observation range and detect only pure flow energy. Finally, we expect that our method will be able to build a high-density urban flood-monitoring network and a high-precision digital flood twin.