Prevention Of Nosocomial Infections Research Articles

Risk factors for nosocomial infection in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To evaluate the risk factors of nosocomial infection during Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment through systematic evaluation and meta-analysis, in order to provide evidence-based basis for clinical treatment and prevention of nosocomial infection during ECMO treatment. Computer search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted to establish a database of relevant literature published in March 2023. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated quality based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then analyzed the data using STATA 14.0 software. This plan is registered with PROSPERO as CRD42021271083. A total of 2955 ECMO patients, including 933 nosocomial infected patients, were included in 23 articles. Meta analysis showed that immunosuppression, Heart transplantation, VA-ECMO, CRRT, red blood cell input, ECMO support time, mechanical ventilation time, ICU hospitalization time, and total hospitalization time were the risk factors for nosocomial infection in patients supported by ECMO. ECMO treatment for nosocomial infections in patients is related to multiple factors. In clinical work, medical staff should identify high-risk groups of ECMO nosocomial infections, actively take preventive measures, and reduce the incidence and mortality of nosocomial infections.

Predicting the effect of nosocomial infection prevention on neonatal mortality and hospital stay in Ethiopia: a prospective longitudinal study

BackgroundNeonatal Nosocomial infections (NNIs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for neonates in an intensive care unit. Neonatal causes of death in healthcare facilities are attributed to different factors. We aimed to investigate factors associated with NNIs, estimate the burden of NNIs, and assess how the prediction effects help to save medical mortality and length of hospital stay.MethodA prospective longitudinal study was conducted and data were collected from January 2022 to June 2022 from Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC). The data were gathered in a variety of ways, including an in-person interview with the patient’s caregiver, direct observations of neonatal patients, and a review of the study participants’ charts. This study includes patients aged 3 to 28 days who were admitted to the JUMC neonatal ward and stayed for at least 48 h. Multi-state model formulation and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis.ResultsA total of 545 neonates were included out of 688, and 30% (n = 164) of them acquired nosocomial infections (NIs); 98 (33%) of infected patients were born prematurely; and 71 (31.4%) were underweight at birth. NIs were higher in neonates with long hospital stay (AOR: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.13–1.20), use of urinary catheters (AOR: 3.09, 95%CI: 1.55–6.15), and undergoing surgical procedures (AOR: 2.42, 95%CI: 1.13–5.17). Patients who developed NIs had a higher risk of death (HR: 2, 95% CI: 1.31, 3.04). The burden of neonatal NIs was determined to have a risk of 0.3, a mortality rate of 9.6%, and an average duration of hospital stay of 14.6 days. Competing risk regression suggests that neonates with NIs have a significantly higher risk of death than those who are not infected (HR: 16.42, 95% CI: 8.70-30.98, p < 0.001). Assumed prevention that decreases the NIs rate in half would result in 101 lives and 1357 patient days saved from 10,000 neonatal inpatients.ConclusionUrinary catheterization and surgical procedure increased neonatal NIs. Longer hospital stay can increase the risk of NIs and can also result from the NIs. Our finding indicated that effective prevention of NIs could help reduce neonatal deaths and their hospital stays.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of nurses related to nosocomial infections: A narrative literature review

Nosocomial infections (NIs) represent a significant public health concern demanding global attention. Evidence on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of nurses toward NIs prevention and control is limited and varies by country. This narrative review aims to summarize studies on nurses' KAP toward NIs prevention and control, conducted in various countries worldwide. A search was conducted on PubMed using the terms nosocomial infections AND nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, practices; nosocomial infections AND nurses' KAP; hospital-acquired infections AND nurses' knowledge, attitudes practices; HAIs AND nurses' KAP). All types of studies conducted on the topic in English from 1895 to 2023 were included in the review however, qualitative studies were excluded. Fifteen studies conducted in 10 different countries met the criteria and were included in this review. The results suggest that in most studies, nurses demonstrated a good level of knowledge (n=15, 45.5%-90.0%) and positive attitudes (n=10, 51.0%-84.4%) toward the prevention and control of NIs. Regarding practices, most studies (n=11, 60.0%-80.0%) showed a good level of practice, though recommendations for improving nurses’ performance were noted. This literature review suggests that while nurses' knowledge of NI prevention and control is generally good, it varies widely. Despite good knowledge, the results indicate that nurses' performance in controlling hospital-acquired infections is low, and strategies for improvement are recommended. This study investigated nurses' KAP concerning the prevention and control of HAIs, revealing a noteworthy finding: while nurses generally exhibit good knowledge, there is significant variability. Despite having good knowledge, the review underscores a discrepancy between nurses' knowledge and their actual performance in controlling HAIs-a critical concern given their extensive patient interaction.

Occupational Risks Prevention Practices Among Medical Waste Handlers in Ogun State, Nigeria

Background: Medical waste handlers are at immediate risk of needle stick injuries and exposure to infectious materials from medical waste. Adequate knowledge and safe practices on the part of the workers are essential for the prevention of nosocomial infections. Objective: To assess and compare the factors involved in occupational risk prevention practices among medical waste handlers in two tertiary hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study compared medical waste handlers and the risk prevention measures available in a specialist hospital and a teaching hospital. The 100 participants were randomly selected and surveyed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of needle stick injury at the teaching hospital and specialist hospital were 38% and 28%, respectively. Hepatitis B vaccine uptake was 6% in the teaching hospital compared to 70% at the specialist hospital. There was a significant difference concerning the provision of safety equipment (p&lt;0.001), personal protective equipment (PPE) (p&lt;0.001), Hepatitis vaccine (p&lt;0.001), training (p&lt;0.001) and availability of waste management policy (p = 0.015) but no significant difference concerning the regular supply of water and soap (p = 0.494) between both institutions. Conclusion: The waste handlers at the specialist hospital were better equipped for safety than those at the teaching hospital. A safer environment, equipment, and training for medical waste handlers are needed to enable them to practise occupational risk prevention more effectively.

KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF DENTAL PROFESSIONAL PROGRAM STUDENTS IN PREVENTION OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS AT GUSTI HASAN AMAN DENTAL HOSPITAL

Background: Nosocomial infection is one of the reasons for the high morbidity rate in hospitals. Dental professional program students have a risk of contracting or transmitting infection to patients through blood, saliva, lesions, direct contact, or indirect contact when providing care. Dental professional program students need to apply standard precautions to reduce the risk of infection transmission. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitude among dental professional program students in prevention of nosocomial infections at Gusti Hasan Aman Dental Hospital. Methods: This type of research is analytical observational with a cross-sectional study design. A sample of 77 dental professional program students was selected using a simple random sampling technique. Collecting data using a questionnaire concerning knowledge, attitude, and behavior in prevention of nosocomial infections. Statistical analysis using the Spearman test. Results: The results showed that as many as 44 people (57.14%) had good knowledge, 53 people (68.83%) had good attitude, and 71 people (92.21%) had good behavior prevention of nosocomial infection. The statistical test results showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge and behavior to prevent nosocomial infections with a value of p = 0.001 and there was a significant relationship between attitude and behavior prevention of nosocomial infections with a value of p = 0.001. Conclusion: Research shows the need to improve materials and monitor dental professional program students' applied of standard precautions. Good knowledge and a good attitude will be followed by good behavior in the prevention of nosocomial infections.

Assessment of nurses’ knowledge and practices for the prevention of nosocomial infections in surgery services in Southern Lebanon

Assessment of nurses’ knowledge and practices for the prevention of nosocomial infections in surgery services in Southern Lebanon

A multimodal interventional strategy for prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia: a study from a tertiary care hospital in South India

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most commonly encountered HAI after CAUTI. A robust system in place for prevention of VAP will not only bring down nosocomial mortality significantly but also reduce the burden on the healthcare system, cut the cost of medical expenditure and reduce the length of stay in hospitals. The present interventional study was conducted in adult Medical ICUs of a tertiary care hospital and the study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in reducing VAE rate following a multimodal educational intervention involving all types of HCWs in the adult medicine ICU of a tertiary care hospital, South India. We observed that the care bundle compliance was considerably low in ICUs. However, intervention approaches, such as the ones employed in this study effectively improved care bundle compliance in our ICUs. Through overall analysis, there was significant reduction of VAE rate in this study and hence, a continuous monitoring system and education of the staff should exist to reduce the incidence of VAP in hospitals and the same strategy can be employed in other areas of hospital as well for prevention of other nosocomial infections like Catheter associated urinary tract infections, central line associated bloodstream infections and so on. The methodology of this study can be extended to the other ICUs including developing customized care bundles for other devices such as urinary catheter and central line in our healthcare facilities and other facilities across the country to obtain a similar improvement in care bundle compliance

Knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses in the prevention of nosocomial infection among in-patients in UNIOSUN teaching hospital, Osogbo

Knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses in the prevention of nosocomial infection among in-patients in UNIOSUN teaching hospital, Osogbo

The Compliance of Health Workers Doing Five Moments Of Handwashing With The Incidence Of Nosocomial Infections: Literature Review

Background: Nosocomial infection is a cross-infection in nurses or patients during hospital treatment. One of the factors that can prevent nosocomial infections is health workers' compliance in carrying out 6 (six) hand washing steps. This literature review aims to determine the relationship between the compliance of health workers washing hands and the incidence of nosocomial infections in hospitals. Methods: The method used in this article is a literature review using the PRISMA Approach. Journal databases from Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar in the 2019-2023 time frame. Keywords "Handwashing," "Five Moments," and "Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIS)" from the identification results based on inclusion criteria and eligibility review obtained ten articles for review. Results: The literature review study found that adherence to five moments of hand washing significantly affected the prevention of nosocomial infections. Conclusion: It is expected that all health personnel who provide health services to patients with complete self-awareness are disciplined to carry out five moments of hand washing.

Efficiency of Commonly Used Disinfectants and Antiseptics against Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Tripoli University Hospital, Libya

Background and objectives: Disinfectants and antiseptics are widely used in hospitals and other healthcare centers to ensure the prevention of nosocomial infections and provide efficient infection control. Numerous studies have recently shown that hospital-acquired bacteria are developing resistance against such compounds. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the commonly used disinfectants and antiseptics against a group of nosocomial bacteria isolated from Tripoli University Hospital, Libya. Material and Methods: Five bacterial pathogens isolated from different hospital departments are klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Escherichia coli (E. coli), Acinetobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). These isolated bacterial species were subjected to disinfectants and antiseptics impregnated with filter paper discs (disk diffusion assay). The disinfectants and antiseptics used were; Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), OROLIN® Multisept plus (Orolin), Chlorhexidine (CHX), 84 Disinfectant, ACTOSAL® Flache AF (Actosal) and Ethyl alcohol. Results: In the present study found that the most effective was H2O2 antiseptic against the tested bacterial pathogens with inhibition diameters of 10 to 26mm, except for Proteus bacteria which illustrated resistance at high concentrations. Similarly, Orolin disinfectant shows very excellent efficacy against tested bacteria, and even with low concentrations. Good efficacy was observed for Actosal disinfectant on all species with diameters of inhibition ranging from 10 to 15mm. S. aureus in particular was very sensitive to 70% Ethyl alcohol (20mm), while all tested species were slightly insensitive to both Ethyl alcohol and CHX. In contrast, no effect of the 84 disinfectant was observed on most of isolates. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that Orolin disinfectant had comparable effects to H2O2 atiseptic but less than to Actosal, 70% Ethyl alcohol and CHX, whereas 84 disinfectant was the weakest one. This study suggests the necessity of applying continuous monitoring to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of these antimicrobial agents regularly.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Study

Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common cause of urinary tract infection in humans including cystitis and pyelonephritis. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in UPEC is one of the global public challenges that is due to prevalent use of antibiotics in healthcare setting. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency and antibiotic resistance pattern of UPEC isolated from patients admitted to Modares Hospital in Saveh, Iran. Methods: In this study, in total 633 isolates were evaluated. UPEC isolates were obtained from patients with urinary tract infection and identified using conventional microbiological protocols. Antibiotic resistance pattern of UPEC against different antibiotic were determined using disk diffusion method. SPSSTM software was used for statistical analysis Results: In this study, the most sample was related to outpatients and the lowest sample was related to the CCU wards. The highest antibiotic resistance showed against cephalothin (63.8%) and nalidixic acid (62.2%) antibiotics. The highest effective antibiotics for the tested UPEC was nitrofurantoin (90.7%) and gentamicin (77.3%). Cephalothin and nalidixic acid in hospitalized patients in ICU and emergency wards, respectively, showed the highest antibiotic resistance. Out of 633 UPEC, the rate of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) isolates were 343 (54.2%). Conclusion: The result of this study highlighted the role of UPEC as one of the important cause of UTI in individuals. Also, nitrofurantoin then gentamicin are the most effective antibiotics against UPEC infections. Logical prescription of antibiotics and infection control strategies are needed for prevention and control of nosocomial infections especially urinary tract infection.

Advanced antibacterial materials for the prevention of nosocomial infections

Abstract Nosocomial infections, as the most common adverse event in health care environments, have become an urgent global challenge. It is of great significance in solving nosocomial infections to improve patient survival rates and reduce the economic burden on patients. Antibacterial materials play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of nosocomial infections. Since traditional antibacterial materials are not sufficient to satisfy the increasing clinical requirements, advanced antibacterial materials are widely developed in biomedical applications and hospital health fields, aiming at achieving more efficient, longer-lasting, and safer antimicrobial effects. This article outlines the construction strategies and mechanisms of advanced antibacterial materials, including bacterial adhesion prevention, release of antibacterial agents, contact-kill materials, and multistrategy-based sterilization. Meanwhile, the latest progress in advanced antibacterial materials in clinical departments and public environments is summarized and explored, including dressings, medical sutures, implants, bone cements, catheters, plastics products, ceramics, and fiber fabrics. Finally, the challenges and future directions for researches and translations of advanced antibacterial materials are discussed, providing comprehensive reference and guidance for the development of medical system and clinical applications.

Overview of A Nurse In Implementing 5 Moments of Hand Washing in the Prevention of Nosocomial Infection

Behaviors to prevent the spread of disease from person to person or from equipment to person can be carried out by placing a barrier between the microorganism and the individual (patient or health worker). The barrier can be physical effort in the form of washing hands. There are "5 moments" when health workers must perform hand hygiene. The aim of this research is to describe the implementation of the 5 moments of hand washing by nurses in the Bougenville ward of RSUD Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research. The sample in this study were nurses in the Bougenville room on the first and second floors of RSUD Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal as many as 31 respondents with a sampling technique using total sampling technique. The instruments used were questionnaires and observations. The questionnaire uses the standardized SPO KARS 2017. The research analysis used is univariate analysis. The results of research on the implementation of 5 hand washing moments, the majority of respondents always wash their hands before contact with patients, 23 (74.2%), nurses always wash their hands before carrying out aseptic procedures, 29 (93.5%), nurses always wash their hands after being exposed to body fluids. 29 patients (93.5%), 29 (93.5%) nurses always wash their hands after contact with patients, 29 (93.5%) nurses always wash their hands after contact with the patient's environment.

Identification of key potential risk areas and key potential failure modes in hemodialysis rooms by the FMEA method following routine prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Hemodialysis is an important part of nosocomial infection prevention and control (IPC). This study aimed to identify the key potential risk areas and failure modes in hemodialysis rooms in hospitals and put forward a series of improvement measures to prevent and control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hemodialysis patients are highly susceptible to COVID-19 and usually have a high incidence of severe illness and mortality after infection with COVID-19. Therefore, IPC in hemodialysis patients is of crucial strategic significance. Based on 30 domain experts' interviews and careful analysis of prevention and control documents, we constructed a comprehensive failure system for a model that identifies the potential risks for nosocomial COVID-19 infection in the hemodialysis room. Subsequently, a thorough risk assessment of the potential failure factors identified in our model was conducted. The failure key factors corresponding to the human element in medical waste (garbage) disposal (C2) are verified to be the highest risk factors. They are as follows: The cleaning staff did not dispose of different types of medical waste (garbage) (C21), did not wear masks according to the regulations (C22), and lacked knowledge and norms of nosocomial IPC (C23). This study provides valuable insights for hospital decision-makers on the potential failure factors related to COVID-19 infections in hemodialysis rooms. By working with hospital infection specialists, the suggested improvement measures can help reduce the risk of virus exposure among hospital medical staff, patients, and cleaning staff.

Efficacy of Structured Teaching Intervention on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Nosocomial Infections among Nursing Students in University of Buraimi, Oman

Efficacy of Structured Teaching Intervention on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Nosocomial Infections among Nursing Students in University of Buraimi, Oman

PREVENTION COMPLIANCE FACTOR ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS IN HOSPITALS

Nosocomial infections were infections that occurred in the hospital environment. A person was said to have a nosocomial infection if the infection occurred while undergoing treatment in the hospital. Nosocomial infections could occur in patients, nurses, doctors, and hospital workers or visitors. To prevent nosocomial infections, namely stopping the transmission method by increasing staff compliance and equipment maintenance procedures, decontamination, cleaning, and sterilization of the tools used, or high-level disinfection had to be considered before the equipment was used to carry out maintenance actions. If a nosocomial infection occurred, it impacted the length of treatment days due to comorbidities during hospitalization. Nosocomial infections had to be avoided and prevented in patient care in hospitals with a target of zero cases, one of the efforts was through staff compliance. Considering the risk of nosocomial infections, a compliance review of care workers was carried out. This study aimed to analyze compliance with the prevention and control of nosocomial infections in one hospital in West Nusa Tenggara Province. The method in this research was quantitative survey research with a cross-sectional approach. The research population was all nurses who worked in inpatient treatment rooms. By using a simple random sampling technique, a large sample of 50 nurses was obtained in this study. Chi-Square and Logistic Regression analysis were conducted using SPSS. The research results showed that there was a significant relationship between the factors education, knowledge, supervision, infrastructure, and management support on officer compliance. The dominant factor was found in the availability of infrastructure.

TRACKING OF MICROORGANISMS ON THE SURFACE AND IN SERVERS A THE PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN PALMAS-TO

Hospital infection (HI) is a public health problem in Brazil. Resistant bacteria increase the risk of superinfections and raise the number of deaths, factors that may be associated with failures in antiseptic and environmental disinfection processes, favoring cross-contamination. This study investigated the presence of microorganisms on hospital surfaces, on employees' hands and nostrils, and analyzed retrospective infections suspected of hospital infection at a Public Hospital in Palmas, TO. The results revealed the predominant presence of microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus. The analysis indicated shortcomings in antiseptic and disinfection procedures, highlighting the urgent need for more rigorous biosafety measures. The research emphasizes the importance of appropriate antimicrobial protocols to prevent and treat Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) and underscores the need for awareness and training of healthcare professionals. The study also points to the growing antimicrobial resistance and frequent identification of multidrug-resistant strains. These findings have significant implications for improving patient safety in hospital settings and provide a solid foundation for the development of effective strategies for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections, aiming to reduce the incidence of HI and enhance the quality of healthcare.

Implementasi Five Moment Hand Hygiene Pada Perawat Di Ruang Rawat Medikal Bedah Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan

The prevalence of nosocomial infections worldwide has become a serious concern for healthcare professionals, especially in hospitals. One contributing factor is the inadequate implementation of the five moments hand hygiene in handwashing procedures that do not conform to operational procedure standards. The aim of this research is to determine how the implementation of the five moments hand hygiene among nurses in the surgical medical care ward at Santa Elisabeth Hospital in Medan. This study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional approach, employing observation sheets. The sample size included 30 nurses in the Surgical Medical Care Ward at Santa Elisabeth Hospital in Medan, using total sampling technique. The measurement tool was an observation sheet, and the data analysis employed univariate analysis. The research findings revealed that, in the first moment before patient contact, 56.7% of nurses did not adhere to the practice, while 43.3% did. In the second moment, before aseptic procedures, 56.7% of nurses did not comply, and 43.3% did. In the third moment, after exposure to patient body fluids, all nurses (100%) adhered to the practice. In the fourth moment, after patient contact, all nurses (100%) complied. In the fifth moment, after contact with the patient's environment, all nurses (100%) followed the practice. It is hoped that nurses can consistently implement the five moments hand hygiene to prevent disease transmission and nosocomial infections, fostering a habit of incorporating these practices into nosocomial infection prevention.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care workers regarding the prevention of nosocomial infections in the ICU

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care personnel regarding the prevention of nosocomial infections in the ICU. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, study that took place in the intensive care units of two university hospitals of Yaoundé. Our study was conducted in two phases: the first phase consisted of the administration of an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire to the health care personnel who agreed to participate in the study, and the second phase permitted us to evaluate the personnel’s’ practices using the WHO model observation form. Data analysis was done using CS-Pro version 7.5, Microsoft® Office Excel 2013 and S.P.S.S. 21.0. Results: Our sample consisted of 60 practitioners. The sex-ratio was 0.54. The mean age was 38.35 ± 8.86 years. Most of the staff had been in the ICU for less than 5 years and only 35% of the staff had received at least one continuing education course on infection control measures. Good knowledge was found in 70% of the staff assessed, 60% had incorrect attitudes, and 63% had inadequate practices. The rate of compliance with good hygiene practices was 55.2%. Conclusion: Knowledge were mean, attitudes were wrong and practices were inadequate regarding the management of nosocomial infections in the ICU.

Hubungan Lama Kerja dan Pengetahuan dengan Tindakan Pencegahan Infeksi Nosokomial di RSUD I Lagaligo Kecamatan Wotu Kabupaten Luwu Timur

Because infection can produce inflammation and injury that may disrupt the function of tissues and organs, it is one of the causes of many diseases. There are several locations where this health problem may arise, one of which is nosocomial infections that occur in hospitals. This study aims to analyze the relationship between length of work and knowledge with measures to prevent nosocomial infections at RSUD I Lagaligo. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research with a cross sectional study design. The population and sample in this study refers to all medical personnel who work at RSUD I Lagaligo. This research uses a questionnaire. The data analysis test used was the chi square test. The results of the analysis test found that there was a relationship between length of work and knowledge with measures to prevent nosocomial infections at RSUD I Lagaligo, Wotu District, East Luwu Regency with a p value smaller than the ? value of 0.05. Hospitals should prioritize implementation and maintenance of nosocomial infection prevention measures. This includes regular training for healthcare staff on hygiene practices and prevention protocols. Hospital management also needs to ensure the availability of equipment and facilities that support effective hygiene practices. Regular audits and monitoring of the implementation of preventive measures can help maintain high levels of compliance.