Prevention Of Neglect Research Articles

The Association of Abuse and Depression With Suicidal Ideation in Chinese Adolescents: A Network Analysis.

BackgroundAbuse experiences in adolescents are associated with the risk of depression and suicide. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop prevention and intervention measures for clinicians, policymakers, and researchers.MethodsNetwork analysis method was used to analyze the cross-sectional data of Chinese adolescents in this study. The Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ-A) was used for assessing depression, in which item 9 of the PHQ-A was used to assess suicide ideation, and International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool-Children’s Home Version (ICAST-CH) was used for assessing abuse.ResultsThe prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents was 21.46% (95% CI, 20.79–22.16%). The prevalence of moderate or severe depression was 16.76%, and the prevalence of violence exposure, psychological victimization, neglect, and physical victimization was 33.5%, 59.5%, 28.37%, and 31.51% in the past years, respectively. Network analysis results showed that the most central nodes in the network of abuse and depression were “unimportant,” “not cared,” and “pushed.” The bridge nodes were “suicidal ideation” and “unimportant.” The nodes “sadness,” “failure,” and “unimportant” explained the largest proportion of the variance of suicidal ideation in our network. Differences were found in the structure of both abuse and depression networks between adolescents with or without suicidal ideation.LimitationsThe self-reporting–based cross-sectional surveys and community sample groups limit the inference of causality and the generalization of the results.ConclusionThis study shows that “unimportant” is the central and bridge nodes in the abuse and depression networks and also explains a part of variance of suicidal ideation. The effect of “unimportant” should be considered in the prevention and intervention of depression and suicide in adolescents with abuse experience. Future study is needed to confirm its role in clinical intervention.

Cross-sectional survey of underreported violence experienced by adolescents: a study from Indonesia

BackgroundGlobal studies on adolescent victims of violence require serious attention due to the possibility that underreported cases may be higher than official records indicate. Since Indonesia expects to witness a demographic bonus, extensive research is needed to strengthen early detection, case handling, and prevention. Here, we report the outcomes of a survey on physical, verbal, and sexual violence experienced by adolescents in West Java, an Indonesian province inhabited by 18% of the country’s total population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in 2017 using the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool for Children (ICAST-C) questionnaire for detecting child abuse; an expert panel translated, simplified, and validated it based on a theoretical framework that combines paediatrics, public health, and medicolegal perspectives. We aimed to cover a large sample size and explore three types of violence (physical, verbal, and sexual) that have high evidentiary value in the forensic context. The respondents were adolescents in the first and second grades of middle school (12 to 14 years old) and high school (15 to 17 years old) in seven cities/municipalities in the province, selected through several stages of simple random sampling (N = 3452). We analysed the samples through univariate (percentage), odds ratio (OR), comparison, correlation, and correspondence analyses.ResultsThe results showed that 78.7% of the adolescents experienced violence in 2017, comprising those who encountered at least one incidence of physical violence (43.1%), verbal violence (12.2%), and sexual violence (4.5%). Data overlap includes 14.3% who experienced one type of violence in 2017, 7.4% who experienced two forms of violence, and 1.4% who underwent all three kinds of violence. The offenders were mainly adolescents across all types of violence, except for being forced to engage in sexual intercourse. Several victims of sexual violence did not state who the offenders were. Further, several characteristics showed a higher chance of experiencing violence than other characteristics, especially for adolescents who were still in middle school and those who lived only with their mothers. Correspondence analysis suggested subtle differences between characteristics.ConclusionWe expect this study to help identify risk and protective factors that are essential to strengthening early detection efforts, decisive medicolegal examinations, case handling, and policy-making.

Prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency as one of the priority areas for crime prevention

Prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency as one of the priority areas for crime prevention

Placement of minors in military units as a legal tool for the prevention of neglect and offenses

Placement of minors in military units as a legal tool for the prevention of neglect and offenses

Анализ младенческой смертности в Иркутской области и резервы по ее снижению

The aim of the research. Determination of reserves for reducing infant mortality based on the results of its analysis. Material and methods. An analysis of infant mortality dynamics in the Irkutsk Region for 2018-2020 was made as well as of medical documentation of 51 cases of death from external causes in the postneonatal period. Results. In 2020, the structure of the causes of infant mortality has changed due to its increase from external causes, which took the first place in the postneonatal period. Infant mortality outside medical institutions has a negative trend: 19.8% in 2018, 24.5% in 2019 and 25.1% in 2020. Analysis of medical records revealed that children aged 1 to 3 months (52.9%) and 4 to 6 months (35.3%) died more often, being mostly full-term children (84.3%), among whom 27.9% were with intrauterine development delay. The largest number of deaths occurred from accidental suffocation at home – 86.3%. A total of 35 (68.6%) children were brought up in families of high social risk, while 25 (71.4%) families were not registered by social protection authorities and were deprived of the opportunity to receive social support. Conclusion. The reduction of infant mortality from external causes largely depends on organisation of interdepartmental interaction of medical organisations with bodies and institutions of the neglect prevention system for monitoring families in socially dangerous situations. For timely identification of families of high social risk and the transfer of information to the custody and guardianship authority and the social protection management authority, medical organisations must be staffed with social workers.

Primary Prevention of Neglect in Children through Health Education for Adolescent Girls in West Sumatra, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: High cases of stunting in toddlers require an effective and efficient primary prevention model. One of the efforts that can be done is to increase the knowledge of female adolescents to prevent anemia. AIM: The aim of the study was to produce a model that can be used as primary prevention of stunting in children. METHODS: Pre-test-Post-test Group Design. This research was conducted from March to November 2019 in Talamau District, West Pasaman Regency, involving 370 female adolescents as respondents. The intervention was carried out 3 times, followed by four separate evaluations. The intervention consists of engaging the respondents with various learning activities such as interactive lectures, group discussions, video screenings, messages through WhatsApp, and demonstrations. Data analysis was performed using GLM repeated measure. RESULTS: Health education interventions on anemia prevention can improve knowledge and attitudes among female adolescents; anemia prevention got a p-value of 0.00. CONCLUSION: The primary prevention model of stunting can increase knowledge and attitudes in female adolescents. It is recommended that parents, teachers, and health workers jointly provide health education regularly to prevent anemia so that stunting cases in toddlers no longer exist.

Effectiveness of a health promotion intervention to address determinants of child neglect in a disadvantaged community in Sri Lanka

BackgroundChild neglect is a form of child maltreatment and it is a neglected area of research. As similar to other forms of maltreatment, neglect also results in negative health outcomes for children. Child neglect is concentrated in disadvantaged communities. The community-centered health promotion approach empowers communities to identify and address determinants of perceived health issues. This study aimed to implement a health promotion intervention to enable a disadvantaged community to address determinants of child neglect and evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.MethodsA quasi-experimental study design was used. Two disadvantaged communities in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka with similar socio-demographic characteristics were purposively selected as the experimental and control study settings. The mothers who have at least one child in the age range 5–18 years were included in the sample. The sample included 42 mothers from the experimental group and 44 mothers from the control group. The elder children of mothers in the experimental group were selected to be the agents of change. A health promotion intervention was implemented only with the experimental setting. The steps of the intervention included; (1) identifying prevention of child neglect as a goal, (2) understanding the determinants, (3) analyzing determinants and identifying actions and (4) implementing and modifying the actions. The total study duration was 1 year, with the intervention taking an average of 6 months. Data were collected at both pre and post-intervention phases from mothers and children through interviewer-administered questionnaires.ResultsMothers of the experimental group improved their knowledge on child neglect significantly in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). In the post-intervention phase, there were significant differences in attitudes related to child neglect between experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). Following the health promotion intervention, mothers of the experimental group had significantly improved their practices related to the safety, education, nutrition of children, relationships with the child and social support for child caring (p < 0.05) when compared with the control group.ConclusionsThe health promotion intervention was effective in addressing the selected determinants of child neglect in a disadvantaged community. Children could act as active agents of change to deliver the interventions to their mothers (perpetrators).

Discrepancy between the Theory and Practice of Crime Prevention

Introduction: the article considers the concept of prevention in several aspects (social prevention, criminological prevention, situational prevention, evolutionary prevention). We describe the subjects implementing the prevention of offenses and consider the issue of public participation in this process in historical and modern periods. We focus our attention on the prevention of new crimes in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service, emphasize its importance during the period of serving a sentence (educational techniques and methods) and after release (interaction of probation inspectorates with law enforcement agencies for the re-socialization of released convicts). We outline possible risks and difficulties of organizing crime prevention together with public organizations: determining preferences for activists; politicization of preventive work (obtaining additional electoral points); selection of activists (preventing the involvement of representatives of the criminal environment). In the context of considering ways to improve prevention, much attention is paid to the prevention of crime through technological innovations: control over people’s movement using a mobile phone; analysis of web browsing history; computer programs for crime prevention; compilation and maintenance of federal database programs; chipping, etc. The study is based on the accumulated experience of implementing preventive work, which is described in the sections “Prevention yesterday” and “Prevention today”. The article analyzes examples of crime prevention in Thailand, the U.S. etc., and reflects the results of implementation of the “Safe City” program in Moscow. The methodological basis of this study is represented by the axiological approach. Research problems were addressed with the use of general philosophical principles of dialectics and special methods of cognition: systematic, formal-legal, sociological, etc. Results: the public remains the most important element of the prevention system. It is necessary to develop and legally consolidate the relevant activities, for example, as it is done in Article 11 of the Federal Law “On the fundamentals of the system for prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency”. Legal education should be the main weapon in the hands of the subjects of prevention. Elimination of crime should become the main direction of prevention.

The Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Using SafeCare® to Highlight Successes and Needs for Improvement in Prevention Efforts.

Child maltreatment is a public health problem of considerable magnitude. Though substantial progress has been made in the prevention of child maltreatment, one incident of maltreatment is one too many. Intervention and/or prevention efforts must always be dynamic. In this commentary, we highlight recent prevention and policy efforts in the United States, using SafeCare, an evidence-based parent support program with a focus on the prevention of neglect, as an example. We describe broad-scale implementation efforts and offer a vision for what the field must do to realize public heath impact, highlighting recent advances of parent support models in policy, advocacy, and programs. Strategies that might improve current efforts are suggested to ensure the field not become static.

ПРАВОВОЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРОФОРИЕНТАЦИОННОЙ РАБОТЫ МОЛОДЕЖНЫХ И ДЕТСКИХ ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ

Introduction: the article discusses the features of the activities of children's public organizations focused on attracting children and adolescents to participate in public life of a law enforcement orientation. The purpose of this work is to identify the features of the activities of children's public organizations focused on attracting children and adolescents to participate in public life and professional law enforcement activities. Methods: using the methods of analysis and synthesis, content analysis, the author investigated the issues of vocational guidance work of youth and children's public associations of the Yaroslavl region and their role in the formation of a conscious choice of the future professional activity of adolescents, as well as the prevention of juvenile delinquency and child neglect. Results: today, state bodies and public associations are implementing various measures to ensure a happy and safe childhood, being one of the main priorities of national importance in our country. The most comfortable for a teenager to start social activities is his participation in projects of children's public organizations. At this stage, communicative motivation becomes the main one: the desire to communicate with interesting active peers, to demonstrate their own talents and achievements, to acquire new knowledge, skills and abilities in a democratic form. Children's public organizations contribute to the formation of a socially active personality of a growing citizen and help the professional self-determination of young people. Conclusions: the author concluded that the career guidance work of children's public organizations aimed at attracting children and adolescents to participate in public life and professional law enforcement activities can reduce the number of minors brought to criminal responsibility and helps the social and professional self-determination of young people. In the modern world young people are the most socially active group and strategic resource of society.

MALTREATMENT IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER CHILDREN FROM PARENT’S PERSPECTIVE IN BANGLADESH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Children with disabilities are at an increased risk of experiencing child maltreatment (CM). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of different forms of CM among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Bangladesh. We interviewed 45 randomly selected mothers of ASD children who attended a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to treat their children. Data regarding CM was collected using a standard screening tool recommended by the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN). We asked mothers to report about their child-rearing practices to identify CM, including physical, psychological, and sexual abuse, and neglect, along with their non-violent disciplinary practices. The children's age range was 3 to 9 years, and approximately 82 percent were boys. All children were found to have experiences of physical and psychological abuse throughout their childhood. Seventy-three percent of children experienced neglect during the past year while 82 percent during their entire childhood. The reported prevalence of sexual abuse was 4.4 percent in the past year and 8.9 percent during their childhood. However, all parents followed non-violent disciplinary practices, and the prevalence of maltreatment did not differ between boys and girls. Higher instances of CM in Bangladesh, especially among ASD children, raise concern for its adverse social consequences and calls for appropriate mitigation practices as proclaimed by the United Nations Child Rights Charter.

The association of child neglect with lifestyles, depression, and self-esteem: Cross-lagged analyses in Chinese primary schoolchildren

Child neglect robustly predicts many behavioral problems and adulthood mental disorders, but little is known about its association with daily lifestyles and psychological development during childhood, particularly in the longitudinal study. We aimed to examine the association of child neglect with physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), eating habits (EHs), and depression/self-esteem using a two-wave follow-up study of primary schoolchildren in Wuhan, China. Data of 1085 schoolchildren aged 8–10 years (boys: 53.5%) were analyzed. Child neglect, lifestyles, and depression/self-esteem were collected in 2018 (T1) and 2019 (T2). Autoregressive cross-lagged models (ARCLMs) were fitted to explore the interrelationships among these variables. In ARCLM including child neglect and lifestyles, higher child neglect at T1 was significantly associated with higher ST and more risky EHs at T2, while insignificantly associated with PA. In ARCLM including child neglect and depression/self-esteem, lower T1 child neglect significantly predicted a higher T2 depression, but insignificantly for T2 self-esteem. In ARCLM including all variables, child neglect still significantly predicted later ST and depression, but insignificantly predicted EHs. Our study underscores that child neglect is strongly intertwined with ST, EHs, and depression during childhood. The prevention of child neglect may promote some healthy lifestyles and depression in children.

Prevalence of negative child disciplinary practices and its associated factors as reported by mothers in the West Bank: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundFor parents, how to manage child discipline is a difficult question in the task of raising a socially, emotionally, and physically mature adult. Negative discipline can be physical or psychological, and can negatively affect child development, mental health, and wellbeing. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of negative disciplinary methods (NDMs) and their associated factors in the West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory, as reported by mothers. MethodsThe survey was conducted in November and December, 2014, to explore the disciplinary methods that mothers used for one of their children (aged 0–12 years) during the previous 12 months. 1195 Palestinian mothers were studied based on a stratified multistage cluster sampling method and using the International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse and Screening Tool for Parents (ICAST-P). A scale was built from mothers’ reports on the use of NDMs, with good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0·75). The dataset was split according to whether the mother used 0–6 NDMs or 7–20 NDMs in the previous 12 months. Bivariate analyses were performed using the chi squared test to compare these two categories in terms of demographic and socioeconomic variables, and exposure to Israeli political violence. Binary logistic regression was performed to check for confounders. The Institute of Community and Public Health and Birzeit University approved the use of the data. FindingsThe mothers were aged between 15 and 55 years. 11·3% of mothers (135 of 1195) were 15–25 years old, 45·4% (541) were 26–35 years old, and 43·2% (515) were 36–55 years old. 52·5% of children (627 of 1195) were male, 34·0% (406) were 0–3 years old, and 66·0% (789) were 4–12 years old. 5·2% of children (62) were the only child, 4·4% of children (53) were the first child, 27·6% (330) were the middle child (a child that is not the first or the last child), and 62·8% (750) were the last child. 45·8% of the mothers and children (547) lived in the north of the West Bank, 23·3% (278) lived in the middle of the West Bank, and 31·0% (370) lived in the south of the West Bank. 5·3% of mothers (63) reported that their homes were bombed or shelled by the Israeli army. 83·8% of mothers (1002) reported using 0–6 NDMs and 16·2% (193) used 7–20 methods. Other demographic and socioeconomic variables collected were not significantly associated with NDMs. Binary logistic regression revealed that females were less likely to be exposed to NDMs than males (OR 0·63, 95% CI 0·45–0·88, p=0·0074), and that children aged 0–3 years were less likely to be exposed to NDMs than children aged 4–12 years (0·50, 0·33–0·76, p=0·0014). Compared with last children, first children (2·84, 1·46–5·51, p=0·0020) and middle children (1·49, 1·02–2·17, p=0·0375) were more likely to be exposed to NDMs. Compared with mothers aged 36–55 years, mothers aged 15–25 years (2·67, 1·47–4·85, p=0·0010) and 26–35 years (1·54, 1·05–2·26, p=0·0289) used more NDMs. Compared with children in the north of the West Bank, children in the south of the West Bank (2·46, 1·66–3·64, p<0·0001) and middle of the West Bank (1·90, 1·24–2·93, p=0·0034) were more likely to be exposed to NDMs. Compared with mothers whose houses were not bombed or shelled by the Israeli army, mothers whose houses were bombed or shelled were more likely to use a higher number of NDMs (2·71, 1·84–1·95, p=0·0012). InterpretationNegative child discipline is prevalent in Palestine and is associated with factors such as the child's gender, their age, their index in the family (whether they are the only child, first, middle, or last child), the mother's age, the district, and the political conditions in Palestine. Effort should be made to help families to understand alternative methods to address child discipline, through education, discussion, and parenting programmes. FundingThis study is part of a larger study of child discipline in Qatar and the occupied Palestinian territory. The study was conceptualised and planned with the funding of Qatar National Research.

On the issue of improving the legal framework in the framework of the system of children health in the Russian Federation (review)

The state of maternal and child health plays a key role in promoting and protecting public health. The article analyzes and summarizes the results of the analysis of legislative support for maternal and child health. The analysis of individual indicators that determine the current state of medical organizations ‘activities is presented. The purpose of the study is to determine the current directions for improving the system of maternal and child health in Russia. Materials and methods. The following methods were used: information and analytical, content analysis, comparative analysis, and statistical analysis. Sources of primary information — scientific publications, Rosstat data, regulatory legal materials. Results and discussion. Proposals for the use of the current legislation of the Russian Federation in protecting the health of mothers and children are identified. There is a need to improve the use of the current regulatory and legislative framework to improve individual indicators of the state of health of mothers and children. The analysis showed that positive results were achieved in 2012–2019 in the Russian Federation in terms of improving maternal and child health. Conclusion. The implementation of regulatory legal provisions in this area should be based on a comprehensive coordination of all activities between various departments and structures, regional characteristics of the state of health of mothers and children and such areas as prevention of neglect, medical and social assistance to orphans and children left without parental care, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and providing the children’s population with sanatorium-resort medical organizations should be taken into account.

Prevention and contrast of child abuse and neglect in the practice of European paediatricians: a multi-national pilot study

BackgroundChild abuse and neglect, or maltreatment, is a serious public health problem, which may cause long-term effects on children’s health and wellbeing and expose them to further adulthood vulnerabilities. Studies on child maltreatment performed in Europe are scarce, and the number of participants enrolled relatively small. The aim of this multi-national European pilot study, was to evaluate the level of understanding and perception of the concepts of child abuse and neglect by European paediatricians working in different medical settings, and the attitude toward these forms of maltreatment in their practice.MethodsThe study was performed by a cross-sectional, descriptive, online survey, made available online to European paediatricians members of 50 national paediatric, who belonged to four different medical settings: hospital, family care, university centres and private practice.The questionnaire, designed as a multiple choice questions survey, with a single answer option consisted of 22 questions/statements. Frequency analyses were applied. Most of the data were described using univariate analysis and Chi-squared tests were used to compare the respondents and answers and a significance level of p ≤ 0.05 applied.ResultsFindings show that European paediatricians consider the training on child maltreatment currently provided by medical school curricula and paediatric residency courses to be largely insufficient and continuing education courses were considered of great importance to cover educational gaps. Physical violence was recognized by paediatricians mostly during occasional visits with a significant correlation between detecting abuse during an occasional visit and being a primary care paediatrician. Results also showed a reluctance by paediatricians to report cases of maltreatment to the competent judicial authorities.ConclusionsData of this study may provide useful contribution to the current limited knowledge about the familiarity of European paediatricians with child maltreatment and their skills to recognize, manage and contrast abusive childhood experiences in their practice. Finally, they could provide local legislators and health authorities with information useful to further improve public health approaches and rules able to effectively address shared risk and protective factors, which could prevent child abuse and neglect from ever occurring.

Factor structure and internal consistency of the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool Parent Version (ICAST-P) in a cross-country pooled data set in nine Balkan countries

ObjectiveResearchers are increasingly using parental report measures in population-based surveys of violence against children. No research thus far has examined the factor structure of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool Parent Version (ICAST-P), a non-commercialized measure for prevalence studies. MethodsThis paper uses secondary data from the Balkan Epidemiological Study on Child Abuse and Neglect (BECAN) which included 25,202 primary caregivers of school-going children in three grades (aged 11, 13 and 16). Primary caregivers completed the ICAST-P 2010–2011, which measures children’s exposure to physical and psychological violence and neglect by caregivers and sexual violence by any perpetrator. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the reliability and the factor structure of the ICAST-P for a four-dimensional model and a bifactor model, with one general factor and four group factors representing the specific components of each set of items. Measurement invariance could not be tested. ResultsLifetime prevalence for physical violence was 66.7 %, for psychological violence 66.6 %, for sexual violence 3.1 % and for neglect 9.1 %. CFA showed adequate fit for the hypothesized four-dimensional model, however, improved fit was shown for a bifactor model with abuse as the general factor. Internal consistency was good for physical and psychological violence, but not neglect and sexual violence. Hierarchical omega showed good internal consistency for the general factor. ConclusionsParents report that their children experience high levels of violence. The factor structure of the ICAST-P is best captured using a bifactor modelling approach.

The impact of parents anonymous on child safety and permanency

IntroductionParent support groups are a widely adopted form of child abuse and neglect prevention. Parents Anonymous began as a family-strengthening organization and launched a parent support program that provides direct services to parents to improve parenting and coping skills, strengthen social connections, and build resiliency. A quasi-experimental design was used to examine the effectiveness of Parents Anonymous in improving outcomes in child safety and permanency in two large California counties. MethodsWe compared subsequent child welfare involvement outcomes between a sample of parents who received Parents Anonymous services to a sample who did not, all of whom had been involved in the child welfare system (N = 17,482). The samples were identified using exact matching. A total of eight outcomes were evaluated using a binary logistic regression model: subsequent child welfare outcomes of referral, investigation, substantiation, or child removal within two post-treatment periods (six and 12 months). Program impact was assessed with a binary logistic regression model. For double-robust analysis, variables that were used in the matching process were also used in the impact analysis. The independent variables included treatment status, age of youngest child in days, income, number of prior investigations, and whether or not the index referral was substantiated for physical abuse. Baseline equivalence was established between the two samples prior to the impact analysis. ResultsTwo outcomes were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). A referral for child abuse or neglect and a substantiated child abuse or neglect finding were both significantly less likely in the treatment group than the comparison group at 12 months post-treatment. No other statistically significant results were identified in the analysis. ConclusionsWhile there is more to learn about the program mechanisms of causality, the findings suggest that participation in Parents Anonymous may have a positive, long-term impact on improving child safety among parents involved in the child welfare system.

Development of diets for personalized nutrition of schoolchildren with diseases of blood, metabolism and diabetes

The daily diet of schoolchildren in boarding schools on a round-the-clock basis consists of five meals a day. It includes breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, dinner and a second dinner at 21.00. The calorie content of this diet differs from the indicators of the physiological need and requirements for the organization of nutrition specified in SanPiN 2.4.5.2409-08, for the nutrition of children and adolescents over 1000 kcal. The calculation of the two-week menu was carried out on the basis of the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 454 dated 05.24.2017 “On the approval of the norms and procedure for providing free meals, a free set of clothes, shoes and soft equipment for minors in federal institutions of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency at the expense of the federal budget”. The purpose of the study was to develop a menu of complete rations for the nutrition of schoolchildren in closed boarding schools. The menu was made taking into account the seasonality: spring-summer and autumn-winter. The age group of adolescents was chosen from 11 to 18 years old. Recommendations for the nutrition of children in boarding schools are extended throughout the Russian Federation. As a result of the development of complete food rations, it has been found that the menu includes foods with higher calories and with an increased portion yield (second courses, side dishes, bread). The menu includes products with a high content of vitamins and minerals. The inclusion of potatoes in the diet, which exceeds the indicators of SanPiN 2.4.5.2409-08 for this group of products by more than 2 times, will not only saturate the body with carbohydrates, but also microelements, especially lithium, which will have a calming effect on the nervous system of the child's body. A variety of juices, fresh fruits and vegetables in year-round consumption will help shape the vital functions of the body. In addition, the introduction of meat, fish and fermented milk products into the diet will ensure growth and physical development.

The effects of the training program for the prevention of child abuse and neglect (ParentsCAN) on the awareness and understanding levels of parents

ABSTRACT This study is carried out to analyse the effects of the parent training program for the prevention of child abuse and neglect, on the awareness and understanding levels of parents, and is based on the parallel mixed method pattern, with a study group comprised 30 parents who are members of the lower-middle class. Within the framework of the study, a Parent Training Program for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ParentsCAN) comprised of six-sessions was designed on the basis of existing literature and experts’ comments. The data collection tools employed in the study are the ‘Personal Information Form’, the ‘Awareness and Understanding Test’ applied with the parents before and after the program sessions, the ‘Researcher’s Diary’ and the ‘Session Evaluation Form’. It was observed that the parents enrolled in the ParentsCAN exhibited increased awareness and understanding levels. Furthermore, a further test applied eight weeks later to assess the permanence of the effects of the program showed that the parents still exhibited increased awareness and understanding levels. In the light of these findings, it is evident that the program had positive and lasting effects on the awareness and understanding levels of parents.

Reforming legislation in prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency

The article represents the results of the analysis of modern legal regulation of the system for prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency in the Russian Federation and activity of commissions for juvenile affairs and juvenile rights protection as the main authority of that system. Relevance and immediacy of changes and reforming of legislation in the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency and areas of such activity are associated with the needs of the modern informational society. The authors analyze regulatory legal acts governing the activity of commissions for juvenile affairs and juvenile rights protection, proposals of executive authorities of constituents of the Russian Federation in the practicability of developing a concept of federal law on prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency and rights’ protection and they characterize primary trends in the activity of this authority in order to define further perspectives of activity within the system of prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency in Russia. Methodological support of the research are such methods of scientific cognition as analysis and synthesis, comparative-legal, formally legal, analysis of documents, legal modeling, survey, which allowed for a comprehensive approach to the research of this problem. The result of the research was reasoned conclusions on the practicability of reforming authorities and legal relations in the system of prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency. Models are given for the modernization of commissions for juvenile affairs and juvenile rights protection. The results ensure conceptual basis and trends in the development of proposals for improvement of legal regulatory regulation of social relations in the prevention of asocial behavior and juvenile delinquency.