Prevention Of Mastitis In Cows Research Articles

Rationale for the prevention of mastitis in cows during the dry period and after calving

Testing cows for mastitis before starting and treating all milch cows with a long-acting antimicrobial agent is an important component of the preventive preparation of animals for the dry period. In addition, determining the sensitivity of pathogens isolated on the farm and rotating antimicrobials increases the effectiveness of therapy and reduces the risk of resistant strains of microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to determine the preventive and therapeutic effects of preparations based on povidone-iodine and cefquinome sulfate for cows with mastitis. The following methods were used in the study: calculation of the total number of somatic cells by flow cytometry; California test; sensitivity to antimicrobial agents by agar disks; clinical and physiological method; statistical method. During the examination of cows for mastitis, it was identified that in the control group the number of somatic cells averaged 450 thousand/cm3, the total number of microorganisms was 130 thousand. In cows of the experimental group, productivity was 23.6%, the number of somatic cells was 600 thousand/cm3, microorganisms – 550 thousand CFU/cm3. It was identified that the isolated microflora showed high sensitivity to the preparation based on povidone-iodine and cefquinome sulfate. Therefore, udder conservation for cows of the experimental group with signs of mastitis was conducted with a product based on povidone-iodine, which affected the increase in lactation and improvement of milk quality after calving. The criteria for milk in the experimental group at the end of the experiment corresponded to the grade extra – 30%, top – 60%, and first – 10%. As a result of the therapy, lactation improved in cows, and the quality of milk corresponded to the first grade. At the end of the study, the quality of milk in cows of the control group corresponded to the extra Grade – 10%, top – 40%, and first – 50%. The practical value of the study lies in the prevention of mastitis on the farm, improving the quality of the resulting products, reducing the cost of veterinary care and culling animals

Эффективность использования сосковой резины в доильных аппаратах с включением в ее состав наночастиц серебра и цинка

Many factors influence milking performance. The milking machine is one of the most important components of a milking unit. Irrespective of its design features it is intended for extracting milk from the udder under vacuum. A promising area for the prevention of mastitis in cows is the use of silver and zinc nanoparticles. In the preliminary phase, no significant differences were found in all indicators. It was found that the number of cows suffering from mastitis during the milking period with the experimental liners decreased, while the qualitative indices of the milk remained unchanged.

Efficiency of probiotic culture consortium application for disinfection of dairy farm premises and prevention of mastitis in cows.

In this work, the effect of probiotics on the state of the microbial background of the livestock building, on the state of udder teats, and on the prevalence of latent mastitis was investigated. Long-term use of the consortium has bactericidal activity against all cultures studied, especially the causative agent of mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus, except Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Escherichia coli. The washes from animal housings and milk samples were collected from the dairy farms "Astana-Onim" Joint Stock Company and "Rodina" Limited Liability Partnership (Kazakhstan). The cleaning solutions and probiotic agents were applied directly to the udder teats of cows before and after milking. Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis was performed using the Kenotest rapid mastitis test. Directly counting the number of somatic cells in the collected milk samples from each cow was performed on a somatic cell counter. Pathogenic microorganisms, including S. aureus bacteria (50% of samples) and bacteria of the E. coli group, Enterobacter aerogenes, and P. mirabilis (36% of samples), were detected on the udder skin and milk wipes. Using a consortium of probiotic microorganisms positively affects the mammary gland more quickly than using mastitis prevention agents alone. Probiotic use for a month resulted in a significant improvement in udder teat condition, with 60.7% of teats showing normal physiological reaction to milking, a decrease in complicated hyperkeratosis, and an increase in uncomplicated mastitis. The studies showed that in the experimental group, there was a 1.5-fold reduction in the number of cows with clinically pronounced mastitis. The experimental group showed no significant changes in the number of animals with high somatic cell levels before and after the study, while the control group without probiotics had a significant increase in diseased animals after 1 month. The use of a probiotic consortium has shown promising results in reducing the incidence of mastitis and improving milk quality in cows.

A Study on the Uniform Distribution and Counting Method of Raw Cow's Milk Somatic Cells.

The somatic cell count (SCC) in raw milk is an important basis for determining whether a cow is suffering from mastitis. To address the problem of an uneven distribution of somatic cells due to cell-adherent sedimentation, among other reasons, during milk sampling, which in turn results in unrepresentative somatic cell counting, a method is proposed for obtaining a uniform distribution of somatic cells and improving the counting accuracy based on a nine-cell grid microfluidic chip. Firstly, a simulation was performed to verify the uniformity of the somatic cell distribution within the chip observation cavities. Secondly, a nine-cell grid microfluidic chip was prepared and a negative-pressure injection system integrating staining and stirring was developed to ensure that the somatic cells were uniformly distributed and free from air contamination during the injection process. As well as the structure of the chip, a microscopic imaging system was developed, and the nine chip observation cavities were photographed. Finally, the somatic cells were counted and the uniformity of the somatic cell distribution was verified using image processing. The experimental results show that the standard deviation coefficient of the SCC in each group of nine images was less than 1.61%. The automatic counting accuracy of the system was between 97.07% and 99.47%. This research method lays the foundation for the detection and prevention of mastitis in cows.

Bacteriological control of milk and effectiveness of antimastitis measures in cows

Under the current conditions of livestock development, the main task of farms is the systematic bacteriological control of milk and the development of comprehensive programs for the control and prevention of mastitis in cows. These measures will make it possible to establish control over this pathology, reduce veterinary treatment costs, improve milk quality, increase average hopes for lactation, increase the productive use of cows, and more. It was found that among the forms of clinical mastitis in the farm registered catarrhal and purulent-catarrhal (65.0 %), serous (12.0 %), and less often – fibrinous (11.5 %), hemorrhagic (11.0 %), and abscess udder (0.5 %). Bacteriological studies of milk taken from cows proved the presence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, β-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. Microbiological studies showed that the isolated cultures of microorganisms were sensitive to tetracycline, neomycin, and cloxacycline; conditionally sensitive to streptomycin, doxycillin; no sensitivity to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, norfloxacin and gatifloxacin. A treatment scheme was proposed for patients with purulent-catarrhal mastitis of cows, included intra-tank injections of the drug “Mastidev-Linko,” intramuscular injections of the drug “Tseftiodev 5%” and external application of the ointment “Dibutaliastin.” As a result of studies on the therapeutic efficiency of the proposed veterinary drugs when used in cows of Holstein-Friesian and black-spotted breed, patients with purulent-catarrhal mastitis, 91.6 % therapeutic efficiency of drugs was established. It is recommended that animals infected with infectious agents should be milked last and milking machines thoroughly disinfected; apply the pre- and post-milking treatment of udder teats with disinfectants (dips); periodically check in the laboratory the disinfecting ability of drugs for udder treatment and disinfection of accessories; use only proven tools; control the correct preparation of solutions and treatment of the udder with disinfectants (dips); to reject animals that do not respond to treatment (chronically ill).

The use of biopreparations in the therapy of mastitis in cows

With the aim of improving productive potential of black pied cattle, preventing and treating clinical mastitis we used biopreparations developed by scientists of the Federal State Budgetary Establishment of Higher Education ‘Chuvash State Agrarian University’: Prevention-N-E and Prevention-N-B-S, as well as Mastinol, homeopathic medicinal product for treatment of mastitis. It follows from the results of our studies that the biological preparations used in the experiments did not influence the physiological condition of animals but activated cell factors of non-specific organism protection. The most obvious effect was demonstrated by Prevention-N-B-S, rather than Prevention-N-E, however this difference was insignificant (P>0.05). Prevention of mastitis in cows with Prevention-N-B-S biopreparation turned out to be more effective than with Prevention-N-E and Mastinol. Recovery of one cow of the 1st experimental group treated by Prevention-N-E took place in 4±0.08 days, which is 7±52 less than in the 3rd experimental group, where Mastinol was used. Atrophy of an udder lobe was observed in one cow in the 3rd experimental group. As a result, the issue of pathogenetic therapy of mastitis in cows is still relevant and we plan to solve it with the use of immunostimulants.

Application of the drug Enroflon® gel for the treatment of cows with subclinical mastitis

Relevance. Inflammation of the mammary gland — mastitis — in cows is widespread. Of particular danger is subclinical mastitis, which proceeds latently, without visible clinical signs. During one, two or more lactations, subclinical mastitis leads the affected quarter to agalactia and atrophy. Animals that had subclinical mastitis lose milk productivity by an average of 10–15%; along with a decrease in milk secretion in animals with subclinical mastitis, its qualitative characteristics also change. Materials and methods. The work was carried out in the livestock economy of Dagestan Republic on black-and-white Holsteinized cows aged from three to six years, suffering from subclinical mastitis, in the amount of 42 heads, divided into two groups (experiment and control). The cows of the experimental group ( n = 25) were injected intracisternally with Enroflon ® gel in dose of 7.5 ml (syringe-dispenser) twice a day for 3–4 days. Control animal ( n = 17) were injected into the affected quarter of the udder with Mastisan A in dose of 10 ml once a day until recovery. The diagnosis of the disease was established in accordance with the “Manual on the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of mastitis in cows” (M., 2000). Blood and udder secretions were taken from 5 cows of each group before the administration of the drugs and on the 5th day after the end of treatment for laboratory research. The suprauterine lymph nodes were examined by palpation. Research results. As a result of production tests, Enroflon ® gel showed a high therapeutic efficiency (96,0%), hematological and biochemical parameters of blood and physicochemical — of milk recovered completely on the fifth day after treatment.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПРИ МАСТИТЕ ТРИОЛАКТА У ЛАКТИРУЮЩИХ КОРОВ И ЕГО ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ

At livestock farms and large dairy farms in the Smolensk region, despite the implementation of preventive measures in the premises, their sterility cannot be achieved. Conditionally pathogenic microflora is constantly present in the environment of cows, which is the root cause of mastitis. With a decrease in the overall resistance of the animal body, the virulent microorganisms that appear cause breast pathology. Annual milk yields are decreasing, and farms are forced to cull a significant number of cows. According to statistics, from 40 to 60% of in the herd suffer from subclinical and from 10 to 25% of clinical mastitis. A similar level of morbidity of with mastitis is observed in the farms of the Smolensk region. For the treatment of mastitis, the same drug is often used for 2-3 years, which leads to the appearance of resistant strains of microorganisms to such a drug. Only a systematic annual change of the therapeutic agent ensures successful treatment of mastitis. We performed an experiment on the use of a new domestic complex drug triolact in the experimental group (n-15) in comparison with primalact in the control group (n-12). The presence of semisynthetic antibacterial groups of penicillins in triolact – amoxicillins and cloxacillin, prednisolone provides a wide antibacterial spectrum of action. The diagnosis of mastitis was carried out in accordance with the Guidelines for the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of mastitis in cows - 2007 using the masttest. In secret, the species composition of the microflora was determined from the affected udder lobes. The obtained experimental data showed a high therapeutic effectiveness of the newly used triolact in the farm in comparison with primalact. In three days, 13 (96.7%) recovered, which is 21.7% more animals than from primalact in the control. The experimental studies performed indicate the high therapeutic effectiveness of the new drug triolact in comparison with the primalact used in the farm.

EFFICIENCY OF A COMPLEX PREVENTION OF MASTITIS IN COWS WITH EARLY LACTOGENEGIS IN THE MAMMARY GLAND BEFORE CALVING

The article presents materials and methods, describes the results of research conducted in setting the production developmental experiment on the use of a veterinary drug "Mastifort DC" and a dipping means for the prevention of mastitis in cows with early lactogenesis in the mammary gland. The work was carried out on the base of the MTK-1200 dairy com-plex.

EFFICACY OF APPLICATION OF THE PREPARATION «AMM» FOR THE PREVENTION OF POSTPARTUM MASTITIS IN COWS

The article presents the results of studies on the efficacy of the preparation «AMM» for the prevention of mastitis in cows in the early postpartum period, its effect on the morphological and immunological blood parameters.

Using Biferon-B for the prevention of mastitis in cows

The developed method for the prevention of mastitis in lactating cows by intramuscular injection of Biferon-B at doses of 5.0–10.0–20.0 ml, provided a preventive effect in 25.0–75.0 % of animals; the best effect was achieved with Biferon-B at a dose of 5.0 ml. The use of Biferon-B in clinically healthy lactating animals was accompanied by a decrease in blood levels of stab neutrophils by 58.8–65.0 %, circulating immune complexes by 23.4–62.6 %, with a higher content of segmented neutrophils by 4.8–7.8 %, monocytes by 5.6–57.1 %, lymphocytes by 4.9–12.3 %, total immunoglobulins by 5.7–14.3 %, bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum by 6.4–23.1 % and 4.3–13.7 %, respectively. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils decreased by 5.6–10.9 %. With lower indicators of the intoxication index dropped by 12.8–19.1 %, the content of average molecular peptides by 2.4–22.6 %, nitric oxide by 24.5–45.4 %, MDA by 2.8–36.7 %; catalase activity increased by 2.7–12.8 % and GPx by 10.4–29.7 %.

PSXIV-5 Results of external use of staphylococcal toxoid for the prevention of mastitis in cows

Abstract Mastitis in cows in the farms of the Russian Federation cause great economic damage. Economic losses include the cost of treating cows and the cost of recycled milk. In the farms of the North-West region of the Russian Federation mastitis occurs in 20–30% of lactating cows. An important task is to find effective ways to prevent mastitis. The task of our research included the study of the effectiveness of external use of staphylococcal toxoid. For the experiment, 2 experimental groups of dry cows of 10 animals each were formed. For the first group of cows, 5 days before the expected date of calving, an ointment containing staphylococcal toxoid and dimethyl sulfoxide was applied to the area of the milk mirror. Udder treatment was performed once a day for five days. Cows of the second group were immunized with Starvac® vaccine in accordance with the instructions, twice during the dry period. The third group of cows (n = 20) was the control. After calving, the concentration of immunoglobulins in colostrum was examined in all cows. In cows of the first group, the concentration of immunoglobulins G, M and A in colostrum was 8.59 ± 0.9; 1.1 ± 0.13 and 5.42 ± 0.9 g / l, respectively. The concentration of immunoglobulins in cows of the first group was higher, on average, by 1.3–2.0 times in comparison with cows that were given the Starvac vaccine. In comparison with the control group, the growth of all classes of immunoglobulins was determined by 2.2 - 5.2 times (P < 0.01). The results obtained showed high efficacy of external use of staphylococcal toxoid together with dimethisulfoxide.

Distribution, etiology and prevention of subclinical mastitis in cows

According to the results of the diagnostic stage of obstetric examination in 2016–2018, the etiology and pathogenesis of mastitis in 90 cows of FG “Mriia” of Rivne region were analyzed. During the research, 83.3 % of the cows were diagnosed with breast inflammation. Subclinical form of udder inflammation was found in 51.1 %, clinical in 32.2 %, and at the same time hidden and clinical, in the same proportion – in 12.2 % of animals. In the farm, the cause of mastitis, were violations of sanitary and hygienic conditions of keeping cows and systematic technological underdevelopment of specialists in zootechnical and veterinary services. Frequent postpartum pathologies, including postpartum paresis and ketosis, contributed to the development of the disease. The experimental data for the study of the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of “Forticept” udder hygiene products on the condition of the breast, milk quality and cow productivity are presented. The “Forticept Udder Wash” antiseptic is used to prepare the udder for milking, and the “Forticept Udder Forte” film-forming agent is used to preserve udder nipples after milking is completed. It is established that the treatment, before and after milking, of the udder of cows by means of the “Forticept” complex, after 15 days allows to reduce significantly (by 55 %) the number of animals with subclinical mastitis (SFM). Within 30 days of “Forticept Udder Wash” and “Forticept Udder Forte”, the incidence of SFM in the cows of the experimental group decreased from the starting 41.7 % to 19.0–23.0 %. Hygienic treatment of the cows udder with the drugs “Kenopur” and “Kenocidin” did not give the desired effect of reducing the manifestations of SFM: on the 30th day of the experiment, the number of positive milk samples in the control group increased by 4.0 % (up to 54 %). Оn the thirty-day “Forticept” series, only one new case of subclinical mastitis was diagnosed in the experimental group. The preventive effect of “Forticept Udder Wash” and “Forticept Udder Forte” on SFM is 96.0 %, in the preparations “Kenopur” and “Kenocidin” – 70.0 %. Reducing the incidence rate naturally contributed to the increase in daily milk yields, the improvement of milk quality indicators for fats, protein, casein and a decrease in the content of SC, KMAFanM1 and microorganisms. In the animals of the experimental group, the level of somatic cells was 339.14 ± 21.22 thousand/ml by the end of the observation period and was 26.7 % lower than the control group. At that, the number of quarters of the breast with somatic cell content more than 400 thousand/ml of milk decreased in both groups, namely: in the experimental group – by 19.0 %, in the control group – by 15.1 %.

The in vitro efficacy of SunSmile® Fruit & Vegetable Rinse against pathogenic strains of Prototheca algae that cause mastitis in cows

The research concerns algae of the genus Prototheca. They are found in the natural environment and they can cause a disease in animals and humans called protothecosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of the fruit and vegetable rinse agent SunSmile® Fruit & Vegetable Rinse (Sunrider International) against P. zopfii isolates. The materials consisted of ten P. zopfii strains isolated from the milk of cows with mastitis. The following antifungal chemotherapeutic agents were also used in the study for comparison: nystatin, ketoconazole, amphothericin B, miconazole, clotrimazole, econazole, fluconazole, and flucytosine. The tube dilution method were used to evaluate the effect of a fruit and vegetable rinse agent and the disc-diffusion method to evaluate the effect of antifungal chemotherapeutic agents on P. zopfii strains. All tested strains of P. zopfii were susceptible to the action of the SunSmile® agent. The MMC was in the range of 0.0024–0.0190%. The SunSmile® Fruit & Vegetable Rinse can be used in prevention of mastitis in cows and in human protothecosis due to its safe, natural composition and efficacy.

Determination of the stability of veterinary cream containing silver citrate

An innovative activity in the field of development of new Ukrainian medicines for veterinary pharmacy remains relevant. The problem of treatment and prevention of mastitis in cows in Ukraine is not resolved. Almost all anti-mastitis drugs available on the market are antibiotics, which exacerbates the existing problem of antibiotic resistance, the solution of which is possible due to the development of new veterinary drugs with minimal side effects and maximum therapeutic efficacy.Aim. The aim of the research was to study the stability of the silver citrate containing veterinary drug consisting of the soft dosage form with antimicrobial activity codenamed "Argocid K".Methods. Pharmaco-technological, physico-chemical, and microbiological methods of research were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.Results. The study of the stability of samples of cream "Argocid K" was carried out on five series of remedies, packed in aluminium tubes with internal lacquer coating and orange glass jars every 6 months within 27 months. Shelf life of the cream was determined at two temperature regimes - under room conditions (15–25) °C and in a cool place at (8–15) °C. In result of the study it was determined that all series of samples of the veterinary cream "Argocid K" satisfy requirements of the tests concerning thermal and colloidal stability. The quantitative content of the ions of the silver was determined using thiocyanometric titration method. The quantitative determination of dexpanthenol was carried out by liquid chromatography. The obtained data point to the stability of the drug.Microbiological studies have shown that the degree of microbial contamination of the drug meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine for topical preparations. Silver citrate, which is included into the cream, shows a preservative effect in the studied concentration.Conclusion. The shelf life of the cream, in particular, 2 years and 3 months was determined. The results show the opportunity to predict the shelf life of the drug within two years and 3 months at a temperature of 8–25 °C and may be taken into account during development of the Draft of quality control methods for the cream "Argocid K" for its use in veterinary medicine

Possibility of application of dodicin hydrochloride in prevention of mastitis in cows

The main approach to curbing mastitis is to prevent the entry of microorganisms from the outer environment into the mammary gland, which is achieved by the use of papilla disinfection following every time of milking. The objective of this work was to examine the antimicrobial activity of the disinfectant dodicin hydrochloride, in fact the preparation that contains this disinfectant (DESU? M), against bacteria, the most frequent causes of mastitis in cows. The efficacy of modified DESU? Mwas examined under laboratory conditions using the quantitative test against the following microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis, under the conditions in the field. The udders of an experimental group of 20 cows of the Holstein-Friesian breed were immersed in a solution of the modified preparation DESU ? M following every time of milking over a period of three months. In the second group of 10 cows of the Holstein-Friesian breed, marked as the control group, no disinfection was applied following the milkings. The preparation DESU? Mexhibited satisfactory antimicrobial efficacy against the most frequent causes (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis) of mastitis in cows under laboratory conditions. With the application of the preparation DESU? M, following every time of milking over a period of three months, the number of somatic cells was reduced by almost one half in comparison with their number at the start of the experiment. No residue of the modified preparation DESU ? M were found in any sample of milk from the experimental group of cows.

Prevention of mastitis in cows

Abstract Extract The preoccupation of research workers interested in mastitis of dairy cows has been with the organisms responsible for pathological changes, with the treatment of infection by various means, together with methods of testing in field and laboratory for changes in secretion. Less attention has been given to means of preventing the disease. Only in recent years has consistent work on this important aspect been carried out and then largely in big central laboratories where useful facilities were available. Wilkinson (1968) Wilkinson, F. C. 1968. The control of bovine staphylococcal mastitis. Aust. vet. J., 44: 246–250. [Google Scholar] reported that results could be obtained by culling infected cows together with early treatment of cases.